非限定动词

语法补充---非限定动词

•非限定动词non-finite verb: 动词的非谓语形式。

•限定动词finite verb: 在句中用作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制。

I put my book down and look out of the window.

Hunger and disease are world problems.

•非限定动词则相反，在句中可用作其他句子成分。

•非限定动词有三种----不定式；动名词；分词。

The foreign guests hope to join the National Day celebration of Beijing.

I can’t bear him staying up so late.

I regret being unable to help.

•非限定动词（不能用作谓语，没有语法上的主语）往往有逻辑上的主语。

The foreign guests hope to join the National Day celebration of Beijing.

I can’t bear him staying up so late.

I regret being unable to help.

•非限定动词短语往往可以转化成各种从句。

The foreign guests hope that they can join the ….

I can’t bear the man who is staying up so late.

I regret that I cannot help.

•非限定动词的性质：具有双重性质---动词性质和非动词性质。

• 1. 动词性质表现

•1) 有时态与语态的变化

•I want to talk to you, Jill.

•They are said to have left London.

•Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t very well leave.

•2) 及物动词须有宾语

•To kill bugs, spray the area regularly.

• 2. 非动词性质表现

•1) 相当于名词

•To eat is to live.

•2) 相当于形容词

• A watched pot never boils.

•非限定动词短语：非限定动词与其宾语或状语连用即构成非限定动词短语。•共有三种---

• 1. 不定式短语

•He gave her a knife to cut the bread with.

• 2. 动名词短语

•He likes reading aloud.

• 3. 分词短语

•It’s a mixture consisting of oil and vinegar. •2. 动名词短语

•He likes reading aloud.

•3. 分词短语

•It’s a mixture consisting of oil and vinegar.