人教版新目标九年级定语从句
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初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。如:
The story which he told was very popular
You can’t wake a person who is pretending to be asleep.
一:定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
二:关系代词的用法(在从句中作主语或是宾语)
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看(作宾语)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语,可以省略。在口语中,who也可以作宾语。如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?(作宾语)
4.whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语,如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. (做定语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,且介词放在句末时,who, that, which作宾语时可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,有些介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。如:This is the person whom you are looking for.
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。如:The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that。如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that。如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that。例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that。例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。如:
Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which,而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:
Tom came back,which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
三:关系副词的用法(在从句中中作状语)
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。如:
This was the time when he arrived.
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。如:
This is place where he works.
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
练习题:
单项填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes,he’s our headmaster.
A. he
B. who
C. which
D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. the one
3. This is the best hote l in the city _____I know.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it
D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees
D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that
B. it
C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s
B. whose
C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is
B. whom; was
C. who; is
D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.