主谓一致用法归纳

主谓一致用法归纳

在英语中，句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须做到一致。下面是主谓一致的一些主要规则：

1、单词本身以-s结尾的某些名词作主语时，主谓一致的关系如下：

1）学科名称：以-s结尾的科学名词如physics ,mathematics (maths) ,politics, ecn\onomics（经济学）等作主语时，如果看作一门学科，谓语动词用单数，如果不是指一门学科，而是指其它含义，谓语动词可用复数。

如：Politics is taught in our school.

Economics is an important subject. 经济学是一门重要的学科。但在以下句子中应使用得数谓语。

如：His mathematics are weak..他的数学能力弱。

2）某些专有名词：以- s结尾的某些专有名词如the United States ,the United Nations 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

如：The United states is in North America.

3）以-s结尾的词如news, means , works 等词作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果means,works 指复数意义时，谓语用复数。

如：A chemical works is being built now.

Two chemical works have been built in my hometown.

4) 由成双，成双部分构成的器具及衣物等作主语时，谓语用复数。若前边有a pair of …或

a suit of …等词来修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：The clothes were made by herself.

常见这样的词有：trousers, glasses, scissors （剪刀），tongs（钳子）等。

2、用and连接的两个名词作主语：

1）用and 并列两个单数名词，构成复数主语时，谓语动词用复数。He and Tom are students .

2）用and连接两个单数名词在意义上指同一个人，物或概念时，谓语动词使用单数。如：The worker and writer is coming to our school.

3）用and 连接两个物质名词作主语时，若看作一种混合体时，谓语用单数。

如：Much mud and sand has been washed away by the flood.

若看作两种不同物质时，谓语用复数。如：Water and air are what we must need.

4）用and连接的两个名词，如果表示两个部件构成的物品组成一副用具时，谓语应使用单数。如：A knife and fork is very useful for a foreigner.

3、集合名词的主谓一致：集合名词如：family,team,class,group ,government ,court, committee, population, audience等词作主语时，若看作整体时用单数谓语，若看作个体时用复数谓语。

如：The family is a large one. The family are all music lovers.

4、the+adj或分词作主语时，若指一类人，谓语用复数，若指抽象的含义时，谓语动词用单数。

如：The blind usually trust their sense of touch.

The good is beautiful, but the beautiful is not always good.

5、由连词or ;either… or…;neit h er…nor…;not only …but also…等词后边的名词或代词保持一致。如：You or he is to blame. Either you or I am right.

但疑问句与前边一致。如：Are either you or he right?

6、主语+but / except / besides/ as well as / in addition to / including / with +其它名词或代词时，谓语动词与前边的主语一致。如：No one but Tom and John likes the topioc.

7、表示时间、重量、长度、价值的复数名词作主语时，若看作整体时，谓语用单数。如：Three years is a long time.但如果强调具体多少年时，谓语用复数。

如：Three years have passed.

8、由each…and each…every…and every no…and no…many a …and many a …等并列单数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。如：Every teacher and every student is working hard.

9、被each或every 限定的词作主语时，谓语用单数。如：Every student is working hard. 但each若作主语的同位语时，或于句尾作状语时，不影响主语的数。

如：They each have an English dictionary .They were given an English book, each. 10、在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语与先行词一致。

如：He is one of the students who have passed the exam.但如果在one前若有the 或the only 修饰时，谓语用单数。如:He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.

11、当more than one 或many a 引导主语时，谓语用单数。如：Many a student is going there.

12、在there be 句型中，若有几个主语并列时，谓语用复数或同与there be 最近的主语一致。

如：There is (are )a book, a pen and some books on the desk.注：一般采取就近原则。There is a book and two pens on the desk . There are two pens and a book on the desk .

13、不定代词的主谓一致，不定代词如everything nothing ,no one ,everyone, someone 等作主语时谓语用单数。none作主语时，谓语可用复数（或单数=no one的含义）。当either 或neither作主语时谓语常用单数（在非正式文体，口语中有时用复数）；当some; all; most ; the rest of …作主语时，根据意义来确定。

如：All are there .（大定都在这）All is clear.（一切都清楚了）

14、加、减、乘、除算式中，谓语常用单数，但在非正式文体中也有用复数的情况。如：Two plus two is four.(plus ,minus ,times,divided by相当于介词用)

15、分数（百分数）+of +名词作主语时，谓语动词根据情况来确定。

如：One third of the apple is rotten. One third of the apples are green ones.

16、不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语常用单数。但what人句则根据情况确定。如：What we need here is an English teacher. What we need here are two English teachers.