18考研英语题型PPT课件
考研英语作文详解PPT课件
A．强调谓语:Egl: I love you. /I do love you./ I did love you.B.强调句式: It is/was +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
第二部分
真题简析
真题简析
Directions:Suppose you are working for the“Aiding Rural Primary School”project of your Do not use your own name in the e“Li Ming”instead.(10 points)
ENGLISH COMPOSITION
考研英语作文详解
宣讲人：某某某
时间：20XX.XX
目 01 录 02
03 04
考察范围 真题简析 备考工作 写作技巧
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
第一部分
考察范围
考察范围
主动句变被动句“英文多被动，汉语多主动”，还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的“主被动”关系。Egl: It
is said that…据说/相传Eg2: I suggest that … It is suggested that …
考察范围
E．含同位语句式A.人身份 Eg. I am convinced that …As a college student,I am convinced that …l, as a college student，am convinced that … B.物 性质Eg. A strong will brings us power …插入语Egl: As I see， the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.The causes of this phenomenon，as I see，are diverse. Eg2: All of a sudden，the silence of the lake was broken bya scream.
考研英语一翻译技巧讲解ppt课件
副词插入语：frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however…
短语插入语：generally speaking（总的来说）, to tell the truth（老实说）, in a sense（在某种意义上讲）, in a word（总而言之）, strange to say（说来奇怪）, to some extent（从一定程度上讲）…
具体要根据各成分的修饰关系而定。
The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.（2015年真题）
人生中几乎不可能不经历某种失败。那些经历过失 败的人可能活得很谨慎，以致于一事无成。
准确、完整、通顺
完整——不漏译
The growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. 与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽视儿童事件
准确、完整、通顺
通顺——说人话，符合汉语表达习惯
研究健康和身体如何吸收并利用食物成分之间的关 系的学科被称为临床营养学，它的历史可以被分为 四个不同的阶段。
方法总结：将同位语提前翻译，作为定语修饰被修 饰的名词，可视具体情况增译
另译：临床医药学研究……
插入语
插入语的作用：为了增加句子表达的多样性，在英语 中任何成分（词/短语/句子）都可以用两个逗号或者破 折号隔开成为插入成分。
后置定语
（3）现在分词短语 A leaf floating in the wind 飘在风中的一片叶子 （4）过去分词短语 The meeting held last month 上个月举办的会议 （5）动词不定式短语 A way to solve the problem 解决问题的一个方式
考研_2018考研英语的题型及分值
2018考研英语的题型及分值考研英语一题型及分值1、弄清考查目的新题型其实是阅读的一种补充：传统的阅读理解(由于它的分值较高，我们姑且称之为大阅读)是泛读，翻译是精读，新题型则是快速阅读。
快速阅读__的特点往往是篇幅长、生词多，但由于考题本身相对简单，答题速度就要求很快，如果用做大阅读和翻译题的方法对付这种题型，势必陷入生词难句打击信心、手忙脚乱不知从何下手的窘境。
好在大纲已经告诉我们新题型主要考查"考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及__结构的理解"，这就暗示我们要用适合新题型的解题方法，巧妙躲避掉众多"拦路虎"，从而大大提高解题的正确率。
2、避免常见错误第一个错误是完全按照顺序作题由于新题型是将__结构补充完整，而且答案还是差额选择，做错一道题很容易造成"一错再错、步步都错"的严重后果，从三年的题目设置来看，第一道题或第一个选项不是很难读懂，就是陷阱太多，"全军覆没"往往就是因为第一道除了差错，后面很难拨乱反正。
第二个错误是试图看懂所有词句看懂所有词句有三个问题：一是有些超纲词和习惯表达法真的很难看懂，二是考场上不可能有那么多时间，三是新题型并不要求我们这样做，所以试图看懂所有词句是错误的做题方法。
第三个错误是盲目相信词汇复现错误选项或干扰选项往往都会用词汇复现这种手段欺骗我们，但是我们不要忘了词汇复现既能帮助我们找到答案，也能带我们掉入陷阱，关键是要对相关的句子做出正确的判断。
第四个错误是轻易尝试连蒙带猜和所有题型一样，新题型里面包含送分题，实在做题困难也不能瞎蒙，要冷静地想办法做对一两道题，连蒙带猜很可能回导致全盘皆输。
3、掌握解题技巧根据以上分析，我们在此提供一种简单可行的新题型解题办法--四招突围法，具体的做法是：浏览选项，抓关键词浏览选项是指看选项的第一句话，抓关键词则是找出句子里面的主题词(主要是名词和动词)和信号词(比如人名、地名、连接词、数字等)，通过这些词我们往往能反推出__里应该有的内容，如果能找到这样的内容，答案就会十分清楚，所以我建议把选项里的主题词和信号词找到并划记出来，接着再进行下一步。
考研英语写作概述PPT课件
大作文——论说文的评分重点
内容的完整性 文章的组织连贯性 语法结构和词汇的多样性 语言的准确性
5
小作文
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试大纲 1) 做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当； 2) 遵循文章的特定文体格式； 3) 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯； 4) 根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域*。 *考生应能掌握的语言技能包括听、说、读、写四种能力。但是
出提示要点，要求考生根据
要求表达清楚要点。尽管它
并不需要华丽的词藻和吸引
阅卷人眼球的文采。但是，
它还是需要考生在平时的复
习中点滴积累，适当训练。
以言简意赅的词句及一定的
逻辑性，将事情叙述清楚，
表意明确。
小作文类型：
感谢信(thanks)，祝贺信 (congratulation)，道歉信 (apology)，邀请信 (invitation) 倡导信（建议信） (suggestion); 投诉信 （complaint），询问信 （inquiry）请求信（require） 婉拒信(decline)，求职信 （application），推荐信 (recommendation)，公告 （notice）备忘（memo）,
8
1、格式
(1)日期的格式和位置；----Mar.19th,2012 在右上角
(2)称呼的格式：Dear Sir, Dear Madam Helen, Dear John, Dear Professor Smith,
男士：Mr. 女士：Mrs./ Ms./Miss 教授、博士： Prof./Dr.
Sincerely,
10
2、语言
用词准确是最基础的要求之一。其次，句型
多变。例如既有并列句，也有复合句，还有从句。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题(总分90, 做题时间180分钟)Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative **ments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens wereelectrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of theUniversity of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read **ments.SSS_SINGLE_SELAresolveBprotectCdiscussDignore该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:A句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。
考研英语作文pptPPT课件
目 录
• 考研英语作文概述 • 写作技巧与策略 • 常见写作误区及避免方法 • 高分作文特点与范例分析 • 备考策略与建议 • 总结回顾与展望
01 考研英语作文概述
考研英语作文的重要性
1 2 3
占总分比例大
考研英语中，作文部分通常占总分的较大比例， 对于考生来说，写好作文是取得高分的关键。
语言表达与修辞
用词准确
选用恰当的词汇表达思想，避免使用生僻词或过于简单的词汇。
句式多样
运用不同的句式表达思想，如简单句、并列句、复合句等，增强文章的表现力。
修辞得当
适当运用修辞手法，如比喻、拟人、排比等，使文章更加生动形象。
语言流畅
保持语言连贯、自然，避免语法错误和拼写错误。
03 常见写作误区及避免方法
逻辑混乱不清
写作前要先构思好文章结构，合理安排 段落和布局。
使用逻辑连接词，使文章条理清晰，层次分 明。
多做逻辑思考练习，提高逻辑思维 能力。
04 高分作文特点与范例分析
高分作文特点总结
立意新颖，观点明确
高分作文往往能选取独特的角度，立意 新颖，同时观点表述清晰明确，不模棱
两可。
句式多变，语言地道
01
备考建议
02
广泛阅读，拓宽知识面，关注社会热点话 题，为写作积累素材。
03
多练多写，培养写作手感，形成自己的写 作风格和特色。
04
注重反思和修改，不断完善自己的作文， 提高写作水平。
THANKS FOR WATCHING
感谢您的观看
内容空洞无物
01
避免泛泛而谈，要具体、深入地阐述主题。
02
多举实例，用事实说话，增强说服力。
2018考研英语新题型.pptx
Logo
2014年考题是一篇说明文，介绍了考古学家的勘察方法。本 文选自2003年的一篇文章，标题是 “The International History Project, Archeology”(《考古学》)。原文很长，命 题人员节选了其中八段，并对其进行了组合和删减。
考研大纲要求阅读文章的字数在500到600词之间，这篇短文 共586词，第二段和第四段已经给出，因此考生需先选出文 章的第一段，其次根据各段的逻辑衔接词排出正确的顺序。
2015年考研新题型文章源自Martin Montgomery等人所著的 ways of Reading一书，该章节题目是：“Advanced Reading Skills for Students of English Literature”(学习英国文学的高 级阅读技巧)。
本年新题型沿袭了2012、2013年7选5的出题方式，即从7个句 子中选择5个句子，填入原文空白处。此类题目难度较大， 一空填错会影响其他空的选择。
Logo
在阅读理解Part B中增加了两种备选题型，
这在一定程度上反映了教育部对硕士研究生
考试的重视，同时也反映了教育部竭尽全力
在设计一套既合理又能够与国际英语语言考
试接轨的考试。说新增备选题型更为合理是
因为它在很大程度上摒弃了传统的应试技巧，
真正读懂文章才能够取得高分；说新增备选
2018年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平考试攻题型结构分析及复习建议课件
考试试卷一览表（2013年前）
序号 I II III IV
卷二I
卷二II
总计
题型 口语交际
词汇 阅读理解 完型填空
翻译
写作
题量 10道 20道 30道 15道 2段
150词
记分 10 10 30 15 20
15
100
时间(分) 10 20 45 15 30
30
150
。
（2013年后）考试试卷一览表
语法：全面 全部基本语法现象
阅读：速度 理解 传统4篇，应用阅读 1篇
英译汉：词义引申，句子关系
写作：综合
综合能力
语境：完形填空，短文完成 上下文语境
语用： 口语交际 口语交际，文化差异
。
《考试大纲》分析
本考试重点考查考生的口语交际、阅读、 写作和翻译的能力（由于技术上的原因， 本考试暂时取消听力测试，口语交际的测 试采用书面形式进行） 。
2018同等学力人员申请硕士学位
英语水平考试
。
考试简介
报名时间：每年2月底或3月初 考试时间：每年5月最后一个周末 地点：根据报名所在教育局通知 成绩合格分数线：满分100分，合格分
数60分
。
考试难度
难度：等同4-6级 口语： （试题中的漏洞）读懂极为简单 词汇：6级 阅读：6级 完形填空：6级 短文完成： （试题中的漏洞）考查基础知
。
一、词汇
掌握约6000个英语词汇和约700个常 用词组。对其中的2800个词汇要求熟练 掌握，即能在口语交际、写作和翻译中 准确地运用；其余词汇则要求能在阅读 中识别和理解。
。
二、语法知识
掌握英语的全部基本语法结构和常用句型， 能正确理解包括这些句型和结构的句子， 能识别和改正一般的语法错误。
2018新题型英语二
2018新题型英语二（最新版）目录1.新题型英语二简介2.2018 年新题型英语二的特点3.考生应如何应对 2018 年新题型英语二正文一、新题型英语二简介新题型英语二是我国研究生入学考试中的一个科目，主要测试考生的英语应用能力，包括阅读理解、翻译、写作等。
该科目自开设以来，每年都会有一定程度的变化，以适应社会发展和研究生教育的需求。
二、2018 年新题型英语二的特点1.阅读理解部分：2018 年的新题型英语二阅读理解部分在文章类型和题目设置上有所创新，增加了对考生逻辑思维能力和综合素质的考察。
例如，文章类型包括了学术论文、新闻报道、观点评论等，题目设置上也出现了如推断作者观点、判断文章结构等新题型。
2.翻译部分：2018 年的翻译部分难度有所提升，不仅要求考生具备扎实的英语基本功，还要求考生对英美文化有一定了解。
此外，该部分的题目设置也更加注重实际应用，如涉及到了商务信函、文化宣传等场景。
3.写作部分：2018 年的写作部分对考生的应变能力和创新思维提出了更高要求。
除了传统的议论文、说明文等题型外，还增加了对考生解决实际问题能力的考察，如要求考生撰写一篇针对某个社会现象的倡议书等。
三、考生应如何应对 2018 年新题型英语二1.扎实基本功：无论题型如何变化，扎实的英语基本功都是取得好成绩的关键。
考生应通过大量的阅读、听力、写作等练习，提高自己的英语水平。
2.注重实际应用：2018 年新题型英语二更加注重实际应用能力的考察，因此考生在备考过程中应关注实际场景，学会将所学知识运用到实际中。
3.提高逻辑思维能力：新题型英语二的阅读理解、翻译等部分对考生的逻辑思维能力提出了较高要求。
考生可以通过做一些逻辑题、学习逻辑学知识等方式，提高自己的逻辑思维能力。
4.关注时事热点：2018 年新题型英语二在题目设置上可能会涉及到一些时事热点，考生在备考过程中应关注国内外大事，以便在考试中更好地应对此类题目。
2018考研英语(一)真题
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic c ontainer. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the nextpresidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best repre sent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential. [B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs. [D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A]encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it. [B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts. [D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House t o be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They c ross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the surv ey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at B arna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen [B] define [C] boast [D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists’ biased reporting[C] readers’ misinterpretation[D] journalists’ made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous. [B] cautious.[C] appreciative. [D] contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. Th at common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect. [B] tolerance.[C] discontent. [D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41. →C→ 42. → 43.→ F→ 44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary orfarcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” i nstead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1)describe the pictures briefly2)interpret the meaning and3)give your comments(20 points)You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points )。
2018考研英语一真题完整版
2018考研英语一真题完整版考研，对于众多学子来说，是一场充满挑战与机遇的征程。
而英语作为考研中的重要科目，其真题的研究对于备考有着至关重要的作用。
接下来，让我们一同深入剖析 2018 年考研英语一的真题。
首先是完形填空部分。
这一部分主要考查考生对词汇、语法以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和运用能力。
2018 年的完形填空，主题围绕着社会现象展开，文章的词汇难度适中，但需要考生仔细辨析近义词和固定搭配。
例如，一些选项中的动词短语，看似相似，但在具体语境中的含义和用法却大相径庭。
阅读理解板块一如既往地占据了较大的分值。
这部分的文章题材广泛，涵盖了科技、文化、经济等多个领域。
其中，有一篇关于人工智能发展对就业影响的文章，引发了对于未来职业发展的思考。
还有一篇关于文化传承与创新的论述，探讨了传统文化在现代社会中的角色和发展方向。
这些文章不仅考查了考生的英语语言能力，更考验了其对不同领域知识的了解和分析能力。
在阅读理解的题目设置上，既有对细节的考查，要求考生准确理解文章中的具体信息；也有对主旨大意的把握，需要考生从整体上理解文章的核心观点。
同时，还有推理判断题，需要考生根据文中提供的线索进行合理的推断和猜测。
新题型部分，2018 年考查的是排序题。
这对考生的逻辑思维和篇章结构理解能力提出了较高要求。
考生需要通过分析段落之间的衔接和过渡，准确判断出文章的正确顺序。
翻译题则是对考生语言转换能力的直接检验。
2018 年的翻译句子结构较为复杂，包含了一些长难句和专业术语。
考生不仅要准确理解原文的意思，还要用通顺、流畅的汉语表达出来。
写作部分，小作文通常是应用性的文体，如书信、通知等。
2018 年的小作文要求写一封道歉信，考查了考生在实际情境中的语言运用能力和交际技巧。
大作文则多为看图写作，要求考生根据所给图片提炼主题，并进行深入的论述和分析。
总的来说，2018 年考研英语一真题难度适中，既考查了基础知识，又注重对综合能力的检验。
考研英语完型填空PPT课件
Review of past real problems
• The article has a wide range of topics: Over the years, the English cloze test for postgraduate entrance exams has covered various fields such as society, culture, technology, education, and economy, requiring candidates to have a wide range of knowledge and cross-cultural communication skills.
• There are various types of hollowing out methods: cloze filling includes fixed combinations, synonym analysis, contextual logical inference, and other types, requiring candidates to have flexible thinking methods and a solid language foundation.
• Improving reading speed: Candidates should improve their reading speed and comprehension ability through extensive reading practice, while also mastering reading skills such as quick browsing and skimming.
英语考研英语语言基础知识-词法PPT课件
The usage and collocation of prepositions and conjunctions
• 使用与搭配
The usage and collocation of prepositions and conjunctions
使用
搭配
Prepositions and conjunctions are essential parts of English grammar, helping to clarify the meaning and structure of sentences.
动词的用法包括基本形式、第三人称单数形 式、现在分词、过去分词等，动词的搭配包 括固定搭配和习惯搭配，不同的用法和搭配 表达不同的意义和用法。
05 Adjectives and Adverbs
The definition and classification of adjectives
总结词
详细描述了形容词的定义和分类。
02
It covers the basic principles of vocabulary acquisition, including the need for a wide range of vocabulary, regular review and practice, and effective use of context.
定义与分类
•·
定义：Conjunctions are words that connect two or more clauses or sentences to form a complex sentence.
分类：Conjunctions can be classified into coordinating conjunctions (e.g., "and," "or," "but") and subordinating conjunctions (e.g., "because," "if," "when").
2018年考研英语真题及解析全(优质)
Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
2018考研英语一真题pdf
2018考研英语一真题pdf1、_____from far away, the 600-meter tower is stretching into the sky. [单选题] *A. SeeB. SeeingC. To seeD. Seen(正确答案)2、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that3、--Shall we have a swim?--Yes, let’s _______ it at 9:00 next Sunday. [单选题] *A. putB. meetC. setD. make(正确答案)4、By the end of this month, all this _____. [单选题] *A. is changedB．will changeC. will have changed(正确答案)D. has changed5、My daughter is neither slim nor fat and she’d like a _______ skirt. [单选题] *A. largeB. medium(正确答案)C. smallD. mini6、Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight. [单选题] *A. book shopB. restaurantC. concertD. cinema(正确答案)7、If you pass your exams, we’ll have a party to celebrate. [单选题] *A. 宣布B. 发表C. 解放D. 庆祝(正确答案)8、Comparatively speaking, of the three civil servants, the girl with long hair is _____. [单选题] *A. more helpfulB. extremely helpfulC. very helpfulD. the most helpful(正确答案)9、She _______ love cats, but one attacked her and she doesn’t like them anymore. [单选题]*A. got used toB. was used toC. was used forD. used to(正确答案)10、69．Online shopping is easy, but ________ in the supermarket usually ________ a lot of time. [单选题] *A．shop; takesB．shopping; takeC．shop; takeD．shopping; takes(正确答案)11、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long12、Was（）that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself13、While I _____ the morning paper, a headline caught my eye.. [单选题] *A. have readB. was reading(正确答案)C. had readD. am reading14、Ships can carry more goods than _____ means of transport. [单选题] *A. the otherB. anotherC. any other(正确答案)D. any15、He was born in Canada, but he has made China his _______. [单选题] *A. familyB. addressC. houseD. home(正确答案)16、18．Monica wants to be a _______. She is good at sports and she loves teaching others. [单选题] *A．coach(正确答案)B．secretaryC．architectD．waiter17、You can _______ Bus 116 to get there. [单选题] *A. byB. take(正确答案)C. onD. in18、She has no idea of what the book is about. She_______ have read it carefully. [单选题]*A. Can’t(正确答案)B. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t19、12．Who will ________ the Palace Museum after Shan Jixiang retires? [单选题] * A．in chargeB．in charge ofC．be in charge of (正确答案)D．be in the charge of20、____ wants to see you. [单选题] *A. Somebody(正确答案)B. AnybodyC. All the peopleD. No people21、You wouldn't have seen her if it _____ not been for him . [单选题] *A. hasB. had(正确答案)C. haveD．is having22、Now people can _______ with their friends far away by e-mail, cellphone or letter. [单选题] *A. keep onB. keep in touch(正确答案)C. keep upD. keep off23、74．No person （）carry a mobile phone into the examination room during the national college Entrance Examinations．[单选题] *A.shall(正确答案)B.mustC.canD.need24、I always get ______ grades than he does, so maybe I should help him more.（）[单选题] *A. bestB. better(正确答案)C. goodD. well25、75．As a student in Senior Three, I must work hard．（）, I should take exercise to strengthen my body．[单选题] *A.OtherwiseB.Meanwhile(正确答案)C.ThereforeD.Thus26、I_____you that I had made the right decision. [单选题] *A.ensuredB.insuredC.assured(正确答案)D.for sure27、22．______ is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi now. [单选题] *A．It(正确答案)B．ThisC．ThatD．What28、77．–Hey! Any idea about learning abroad? --You （)google the College Board to learn the names of college you ____ be interested in [单选题] *A. may;needB. can; might (正确答案)C. will; shouldD. shall; must29、Sometimes only（）10 out of 500 or more candidates succeed in passing all the tests. [单选题] *A. as many asB. as few as(正确答案)C. as much asD. as little as30、--How is your friend coming?--I’m not sure. He _______ drive here. [单选题] *A. may(正确答案)B. canC. mustD. will。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• （每个单词一定要知道对错的原因，知道 每个单词的准确用法）
• ③把握解题技巧与方法，没有解题技巧指 导的考研完型是比较失败的考研完型
• ④背大批量的词组 • ⑤适当的做一些模拟试题
8
解题技巧与方法
• １. 卷子发下来后，利用红花绿叶 原则做题
• 43. A) subtle B) obvious
•
C) mysterious D) doubtful
13
3. 复现结构法（与本题一致原则）
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. _41_( 答案为Neither) kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is _42_to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more _43_. The new experiments, such as these _44_for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations _45_of non-REM sleep.
• 红花词：某个单词在历年真题中每次出 现都选
• 绿叶词：屡出现屡不选，屡不选屡出现
• 注意两个问题：
•
1. 红花绿叶原则能做对2-5个题
•
2. 红花词偶尔会失手
9
解题技巧与方法
• ２. 明白A B C D选项的规律
• ① A B C D 的个数都是4-6个之间，四个答案 基本均匀分布
• ② 完型填空中一般而言A较多 • ③ 没有连续三个答案都一样的情况，连续两
2
完型考试的测试点
• 阅读能力： • 对文章整体的把握和理解（要读懂文章的
主题；读出文章的导向或作者态度）；要 读懂文章上下段、上下句之间的关系；还 要读懂句子内部结构 • 英语知识运用的能力： • 语法（占20%-30%）;习惯用语（占10%） ；词义的辨析和使用（占60%-70%）
3
完型填空的误区
长难句归类 ） • ③翻开近十年真题，要知道所有选项对错
的原因
6
完型填空的误区
• ３. 处理好模拟试题与真题的关系，真 题是根本，真题是核心
• 学习过程中应该先做真题，后做模拟试题 • 建议：可以做阅读理解方面的模拟试题，
但做完型填空的横拟题意义不是特别大
7
完型填空的备考思路
• ①背诵近十年真题，要求大家背诵每篇 240-280字的文章
个答案都一样的情况是0-3个，前后答案彼此 都不一样的情况是17-20个 • ④ 在五个一组的答案中，至少要出现三个字 母 （此规律同样适合阅读理解）
10
解题技巧与方法
• ３. 同义原则 • 在四个选项中，当两个或三个实词互为同
义词时，答案往往在其中 • 当两个或三个虚词互为同义词时，往往都
不选 • 当四个选项有一个共同的意思时，该意思
• １. 很多同学认为完型填空就是语法词 汇题
• 对语法：现在考试当中如果还考语法，就考定语 从句பைடு நூலகம்同位语从句 ，所以准备语法就准备从句： 定语从句、同位语从句、状语从句
• 对词汇：不能只知其一不知其它；不能只知大概 不知具体；不能只知认词不知辩词，不能只知词 义不知使用。不能用中文的思维，替代英文词的 词义。
4
完型填空的误区
• ２. 很多同学认为完型填空需要背诵大 纲中的5500个单词
• 背单词的理念：通过真题记单词 • 背诵真题，把握真题的理念：以真题为圆
心，以努力为半径画完美的考研备考的圆
5
对真题把握的三个标准：
• ①翻开近十年真题，没有一个单词是生词 • ②翻开近十年真题，没有一个句子是长难
句 • （好的准备长难句的方法：把真题中所有
往往不能够入选
11
1. 无关词排除法（与主题相关原则 ）
• The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases _31_the trial of Rosemary West.
• In a significant _32_of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a _33_bill that will propose making payments to witness _34_and will strictly control the amount of _35_that can be given to a case _36_a trial begins.
考研英语完型填空
1
研英语大纲之知识运用
• 共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。在一篇 240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求 考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案 ，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、 结构完整。考生在答题卡1上作答。
• 对词汇的掌握提出了更加具体的要求，具 体体现在对词汇的微观掌握和记忆上：词 汇基本知识（词性、词形、本义和引申义 等）；词际关系（同义词、反义词、词汇 搭配等）；词汇“背景”（词根、词缀等 ）。
• 35. A) publicity B) penalty C) popularity D) peculiarity
12
2. 同现结构法（与文章主题导向或倾向 一致原则）
• Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. _41_(答案为Neither) kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is _42_to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of nonREM sleep is even more _43_.