走出象牙塔研究翻译_评介BasicsofTranslationStudies
大学不是象牙塔英语作文
大学不是象牙塔英语作文In the modern era, the notion of a university as an "ivory tower" has been challenged and redefined. An "ivory tower" traditionally refers to a place of isolation and detachment from the real world, where intellectuals and scholars focus solely on theoretical pursuits. However, contemporary universities have evolved to become hubs of innovation, community engagement, and practical learning.Firstly, universities today are not isolated from societal issues. They actively address global challenges through research and education. For instance, many universities have research centers dedicated to solving problems such as climate change, poverty, and disease. Students and faculty collaborate on projects that have real-world applications and impact.Secondly, the curriculum in universities is designed to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Internships, co-op programs, and practical assignments are integral parts of many degree programs. This approach ensures that students gain hands-on experience and are prepared to contribute meaningfully to their future workplaces.Moreover, universities often serve as cultural and social centers within their communities. They host public lectures, art exhibitions, and performances that are open to the community. These events foster a dialogue between theuniversity and the public, promoting a mutual exchange of ideas and fostering a sense of shared responsibility.Additionally, universities are increasingly involved in entrepreneurship and innovation. Many have incubators and accelerators that support students and alumni in starting their own businesses. This entrepreneurial spirit not only contributes to economic growth but also encourages a mindset of problem-solving and creativity.In conclusion, the image of a university as an isolated "ivory tower" is outdated. Today's universities are deeply connected to the world around them, actively participating in and contributing to the advancement of society. They are places where knowledge is not only studied but also applied to make a positive difference in the world.。
翻译实践与评析范文简要
【育才毕业作品（翻译实践与评析）范文简要】（中文封面页）西南大学育才学院本科毕业作品《欧洲的前景：临近眼前的深渊》翻译与评析学院外国语学院专业英语年级2008级学号姓名指导教师成绩二○一二年四月（英文标题页，单独用一页）Translation and Comments onThe Future of Europe: Starring into the Abyss（论文作者名，斜体）Supervisor（指导教师名，斜体）A Thesis Submitted inPartial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ofB. A. in EnglishSCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGESYUCAI COLLEGESOUTHWEST UNIVERSITYApril, 2012（致谢，单独用一页，向指导教师及相关人员致谢）AcknowledgementsFirstly, I would like to show my deep gratitude and respect to my supervisor …for her / his careful guidance and hard work. Her /His experienced suggestions and continual encouragement have guided me through all my writing process of this paper. Without her /his guidance and assistance, the completion of this thesis would have been impossible.Secondly, I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to the professors and teachers of The School of Foreign Languages …who instructed and helped me a lot in the past half and three years.Finally, I wish to thank my parents and friends, whose spiritual and practical support ensures my courage in face of difficulties.(目录，单独用一页，各层次安排、标题与页码按具体情况写入)ContentsAbstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 内容摘要. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii1.Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.Translation of the Text . . . . . . . . . (2)ments on the Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9)3.1Basic Concepts of the Functionalist Translation Theory (9)3.1.1 Three Rules in Skopos Theory (10)3.1.2 Theory of Translational Action (11)3.2Analyses (12)3.2.1 Difficulties of the Article (13)3.2.2 Highlights of the Translation (14)3.3Inspiration (16)4.Conclusion (17)References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Appendix Source Text (19)Translation and Comments onThe Future of Europe: Starring into the AbyssAbstractThe future of Europe: Starring into the abyss is an article from The Economist Jul. 8th 2010, describing the disagreements between France and Germany about what measures should be taken to save the single currency of EU. The purpose for translating this article is not merely for acquisition of European economic information, but for the capability of proof of the guiding values of application of functionalist translation theory in practice. The theory, put forward in Germany in the 1970s, has opened a new approach to the development of modern translation studies in the course of its formation, the thesis, therefore, will on the basis of the introduction to the theory’s three functionalist principles, make some of commends on the translation strategy and techniques used in the translation of the given text. Today, in the progress of the globalization in the world economy, shadowed by the financial crisis since 2008, our Chinese people have main concerns for our development, as well as for Europe’s, and the world’s. The thesis certainly hopes to be a testimony to the author’s translation practice and to the integration of functionalist translation theory into application.Key words: translation; comments; functionalist theory; pragmatic application《欧洲的前景：临近眼前的深渊》翻译与评析（论文作者名）西南大学育才学院外国语学院，重庆合川（邮编号）内容摘要《欧洲的前景：临近眼前的深渊》是摘自《经济学人》2010年7月刊上的一篇文章。
大学象牙塔英语作文
大学象牙塔英语作文The concept of the "ivory tower" has been used to describe the isolation and detachment of academia from the practical concerns of the world. It implies that universities are disconnected from the real world and are only concerned with their own pursuits of knowledge. However, I believe that the ivory tower is not just a physical place, but also a state of mind.In the ivory tower, scholars are free to pursue knowledge without the constraints of the outside world. They can engage in deep thinking, critical analysis, and intellectual debates without being limited by practical considerations. This environment fosters creativity and innovation, allowing for the development of new ideas and solutions to complex problems.However, the ivory tower can also be a place ofprivilege and elitism. It can create a sense of superiority and detachment from the struggles of everyday life. This can lead to a lack of relevance and impact on society, as the knowledge and research produced may not address the pressing issues facing the world.Now, in Chinese, the concept of the "ivory tower" is often associated with the idea of being out of touch with reality or being aloof and detached. It can also carry a negative connotation of being elitist or arrogant. However, it's important to recognize that the ivory tower is not inherently negative. It can be a place of intellectual freedom and creativity, as long as it is connected to the real world and its problems.In conclusion, the ivory tower is a complex concept that embodies both the freedom and privilege of academia. It is important for scholars to embrace the benefits of the ivory tower while also striving to make their work relevant and impactful to the world outside its walls. Only by doing so can we ensure that the pursuit of knowledge remains valuable and meaningful to society.。
英语进阶学习理解句子
In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship, workship, and production that flourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact with one another within a community of harmony and ideological equality, following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power .
In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations ／for fellowship, workship, and production ／that flourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact with one another ／within a community of harmony and ideological equality, following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus ／while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power .
translation as an interdiscipline
The role of changing technologies
The tools at the disposal of the translator and the thoerist are altering. Access to data of all sorts will be speeded up and the new links forged. The internet is also changing the status and visibility of translators and translation.
William McCarty’s view of interdiscipline
A true interdiscipline is …not easily understood, funded or managed in a world already divided along disciplinary lines, despite the standard pieties…Rather it is an entity that exists in the interstices（ 缝隙）of the existing fields, dealing with some, many or all of them. It is the Phoenician （腓尼基） trader among the settled nations. Its existence is enigmatic（神秘的）in such a world; the enigma challenges us to rethink how we organise and institutionalise knowledge.
ivory tower翻译
ivory tower翻译基本解释●ivory tower：象牙塔●音标：[ˈaɪvəri ˈtaʊər]●词性：名词短语●意思：象牙塔，指脱离现实生活的地方或状态，通常用于形容学术界或知识分子远离实际生活的环境。
具体用法●名词短语:o意思：象牙塔，指远离现实生活的环境或状态o同义词：isolation, seclusion, detachment, aloofness, remoteness o反义词：engagement, involvement, participation, interaction, connectiono例句：●Many people criticize academics for living in an ivory tower,disconnected from the real world and its problems. (许多人批评学者们生活在象牙塔中，与现实世界及其问题脱节。
)●The artist retreated to his ivory tower to focus on his work,away from the distractions of everyday life. (这位艺术家退回到他的象牙塔中，专注于他的工作，远离日常生活的干扰。
)●She was accused of being in an ivory tower, unaware of thestruggles faced by ordinary people. (她被指责生活在象牙塔中，不了解普通人面临的困难。
)●The professor's theories were often seen as products of anivory tower, lacking practical application. (教授的理论常被视为象牙塔的产物，缺乏实际应用。
)●Critics argue that the government is operating from an ivorytower, ignoring the needs of its citizens. (批评者认为政府在象牙塔中运作，忽视了公民的需求。
走出象牙塔,走进生活作文
走出象牙塔,走进生活作文英文回答：Stepping Out of the Ivory Tower and Into Life.As students, we spend a significant portion of ourlives immersed in the hallowed halls of academia. The ivory tower, as it's often called, provides a protected and intellectually stimulating environment that fosterscritical thinking, knowledge acquisition, and personal growth. However, the transition from the theoretical realm of the university to the practical realities of the outside world can be both daunting and transformative.Exiting the ivory tower marks a significant turning point in our lives. It's a time to apply the knowledge and skills we've acquired within the university setting toreal-world challenges and opportunities. This transition requires adaptability, resilience, and a willingness to embrace the complexities of life beyond the classroom.The ivory tower often provides us with a sheltered existence, shielding us from the realities of the world outside. Stepping out of this environment forces us to confront perspectives and experiences that may differ greatly from our own. We encounter diverse viewpoints, cultural norms, and socioeconomic backgrounds that can broaden our understanding of the world and challenge our preconceived notions.This exposure to different perspectives can be both humbling and enriching. It allows us to develop empathy, compassion, and a greater appreciation for the complexities of human existence. It also helps us to recognize our own limitations and the need for continuous learning and self-improvement.While the ivory tower can provide a valuable foundation for our intellectual and personal development, it's only through engaging with the world beyond that we can truly grow and mature as individuals. By stepping out of theivory tower and into life, we not only apply our knowledgebut also gain invaluable experiences that shape our values, beliefs, and aspirations.The transition from the ivory tower to the world beyond can be challenging, but it is also an incredibly rewarding journey. By embracing the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead, we can emerge from the sheltered confines of academia as well-rounded individuals, equipped with the knowledge, skills, and perspectives to make a meaningful contribution to society.中文回答：走出了象牙塔，走进了生活。
新视野大学英语翻译（第四册）（共5则）
新视野大学英语翻译（第四册）（共5则）第一篇：新视野大学英语翻译(第四册)1.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。
(other than)Suggested answer: The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。
(may have done)Suggested answer: Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。
(justify sth.by)Suggested answer: Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。
(remain true to)Suggested answer: We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it.5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。
爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。
(discount;be true of) Suggested answer: Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。
大学象牙塔英语作文
The Ivory Tower of the UniversityThe university, often described as an ivory tower, stands as a beacon of knowledge and enlightenment in our society. This metaphorical structure, isolated from the outside world, represents a sanctuary where ideas are nurtured, debated, and transformed into innovations that shape the future. However, with the evolving landscape of higher education, the ivory tower is no longer a mere isolation but a dynamic intersection of ideas, cultures, and disciplines.The traditional ivory tower was a symbol of academic purity, where scholars were insulated from the material and practical concerns of the world. They were free to explore, experiment, and challenge conventional wisdom, without the constraints of external pressures. This environment fostered creativity and innovation, leading to groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in various fields.However, in today's interconnected world, theuniversity ivory tower cannot afford to remain isolated. The boundaries between academic research and real-worldapplications are becoming increasingly blurred. Universities are now collaborating with industries, governments, and communities to address pressing societal issues such as climate change, economic inequality, and social justice.This new era of engagement has transformed the ivory tower into a bridge between knowledge and action. Scholars are encouraged to think beyond the confines of their disciplines and engage with the world beyond the campus. This interdisciplinary approach has led to innovative solutions that address complex problems from multiple perspectives.Moreover, the ivory tower is no longer exclusive to a privileged few. With the advent of online education and distance learning, the university has become more accessible to people from diverse backgrounds and geographies. This inclusivity has broken down barriers and fostered a global exchange of ideas and perspectives.Despite these transformations, the core values of the ivory tower remain unchanged. It remains a sanctuary for intellectual exploration and freedom of thought. It is aplace where young minds are nurtured and empowered to question, challenge, and innovate. The university ivory tower, in its new avatar, stands as a beacon of hope and progress, guiding us towards a more enlightened andinclusive future.**大学象牙塔**大学，常被形容为一座象牙塔，是我们社会中知识与启蒙的灯塔。
About Translation P
About Translation P. Newmark《论翻译》A Practical Guide for Translators G. Samuelsson-Brown《译者实用指南》Can Theory Help Translators? A Dialogue Between the Ivory Tower and the Wordface A. Chesterman & E. Wagner《理论对译者有用吗？象牙塔与语言工作面之间的对话》Corpora in Translator Education F. Zanettin et al.《语料库与译者培养》Corpus-based Approaches to Contrastive Linguistics and Translation Studies S. Granger《基于语料库的语言对比和翻译研究》Crosscultural Transgressions: Research Models in Translation studies Ⅱ, Historical and Ideological Issues T. Hermans《跨文化侵越——翻译学研究模式（Ⅱ）：历史与意识形态问题》Electronic Tools for Translators F. Austermuhl《译者的电子工具》Intercultural Fautlines: Research Models in Translation Studies Ⅰ, Textual and Cognitive Aspects M. Olohan《超越文化断裂——翻译学研究模式（Ⅰ）：文本与认知的译学研究》Method in Translation History A.Pym《翻译史研究方法》Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation- Orented Text Analysis(Second Edition) C. Nord《翻译的文本分析模式：理论、方法及教学应用》（第二版）The Translator’s Turn D. Robinson《译者登场》Translated! Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies J.S. Holmes《译稿杀青！文学翻译与翻译研究文集》Translating Literature: Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Context《文学翻译：比较文学背景下的理论与实践》Translation and Empire : Postcolonial Theories Explained D. robinson《翻译与帝国：后殖民理论解读》Translation and Language : Linguistic Theories Explained P.Fawcett《翻译与语言：语言学理论解读》Translation and Literary Criticism: Translation as Analysis M.G. Rose《翻译与文学批评：翻译作为分析手段》Translation and Nation : Towards a Cultural Politics of Englishness R. Ellis & L. Ley-Brown《翻译与民族：英格兰的文化政治》Translation and Norms C. Schaffner《翻译与规范》Translation and Norms C. Schaffner《翻译，权力，颠覆》Translation Today: Trends and Perspectives G. Anderman & M.Rogers《今日翻译：趋向与视角》Unity in Diversity? Current Trends in Translation Studies L. Bowker et al. 《多元下的统一？当代翻译研究潮流》Western Translation Theory: from Herodotus to Nietzsche D. Robinson《西方翻译理论：从希罗多德到尼采》。
四六级翻译热词
01 中国文化概述重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts独特的艺术价值 unique artistic values诚实守信 honesty爱国主义精神 patriotism国宝 national treasure文物 cultural relics华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors文人 men of letter雅士 refined scholar才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies 高雅艺术 refined/high art中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用 to make the past serve the present 洋为中用 to make the foreign serve China无愧于时代的作品 works worthy of the times02中国传统文化传统工艺品 traditional handicraft形状不一 to be of different shapes材质各异 various materials质地坚硬 hard texture造型生动 vivid figure色彩丰富 rich colors风格独特 characteristic/unique style中医药 traditional Chinese medicine中草药 herbal medicine望、闻、问、切 observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking 症状 symptom重大发明 a significant invention中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder03中国传统节日春节 the Spring Festival / Chinese New Year04食物及烹饪方法中国菜，中餐 Chinese cuisine 烹饪技巧 cooking technique05中国历史四大文明古国之一 one of the four ancient civilizations人类文明史 the history of human civilization源远流长/历史悠久 to have a long history with a long history 朝代 dynasty06中国传统文化经济学家economist企业家entrepreneur经济全球化economic globalization07旅游交通景点tourist attraction; scenic spot名胜古迹places of interests避暑胜地summer resort森林公园forest park自然保护区nature reserve自然景观natural scenery人文景观human landscape壮丽河山magnificent scenery古典山水园林classical landscape garden皇家园林royal garden中外游客tourists from home and abroad游乐园amusement park度假to take a vacation; to go on holiday门票(entrance) ticket免费景区电子门票free sightseeing e-coupon星级酒店star-rated hotel高峰期rush hour人山人海，人满为患overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people08地理环境位于to be located in/at西部地区western regions省会provincial capital水域面积water area三面环山to be surrounded by mountains on three sides全长……公里to stretch for ... km/kilometers面貌焕然一新to take on a completely new look高原plateau山峰peak淡水湖freshwater lake沿海港口coastal port植物园botanical garden气候climate环境保护environmental protection提高全民环保意识raise environmental awareness amongst the general public环保产品environment-friendly product一次性产品disposable product开发可再生资源to develop renewable resources高能耗产业energy-intensive industry可持续发展sustainable development生态环境the ecological environment温室效应greenhouse effect污染物pollutant水土保持water and soil conservation降雨量rainfall物种灭绝the extinction of bio-species先污染后治理to exert control after pollution 碳减排carbon emission reduction温室气体排放greenhouse gas emission二氧化碳carbon dioxide新能源汽车green car废气exhaust gas汽车尾气排放motor vehicle exhaust发动机排量engine displacement零排放车辆zero-emission vehicle小排量汽车small-displacement car能源消耗depletion of resources能源危机energy crisis回收利用to recycle低碳城市化道路way to low-carbon urbanization 城市化urbanization濒临灭绝/失传to be on the verge of extinction/loss 濒危物种endangered species稀有物种rare species防护林带shelter belt森林覆盖率forest coverage rate改善土壤soil improvement地质灾害geological disaster灾难catastrophe; tragedy; disaster不幸misfortune伤亡人员casualty死亡人数death toll台风typhoon火山爆发volcanic eruption地震earthquake洪水flood干旱drought09教育普及教育 universal education高等教育 higher education象牙塔 ivory tower正规院校 regular universities and colleges军校 military academy九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 学前教育 preschool education失学儿童 dropout文盲 illiteracy; illiterate受过良好教育的 well-educated入学率 enrollment rate适龄儿童 school-age children高考 college entrance examination考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate 读研 attend graduate school毕业典礼 graduation ceremony毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal10科技空间实验室 space laboratory。
大学不是象牙塔的英语作文
大学不是象牙塔的英语作文In the contemporary era, the notion that universities are isolated ivory towers is increasingly outdated. Universities are dynamic hubs of learning and innovation, deeply interconnected with society at large. Here are some key points to consider in an essay on why universities are not ivory towers:1. Community Engagement: Universities actively engage with their local communities through outreach programs, volunteer initiatives, and partnerships. These interactions help students apply theoretical knowledge to real-world problems.2. Research and Innovation: Universities are at the forefront of research and innovation. They collaborate with industries and governments to develop new technologies and solutionsthat address societal challenges.3. Diverse Populations: Students and staff come from various backgrounds, bringing a wide array of perspectives and experiences. This diversity enriches the learning environment and fosters a more inclusive society.4. Global Collaboration: Many universities participate in international collaborations and exchange programs, which expose students to different cultures and global issues, preparing them to be global citizens.5. Industry Partnerships: Universities often partner with businesses to provide internships, co-op programs, and research opportunities. These partnerships ensure that education is relevant to the job market and helps students gain practical experience.6. Civic Responsibility: Universities play a crucial role in educating students about civic responsibilities, encouraging them to be active participants in democracy and to contribute to the betterment of society.7. Lifelong Learning: Beyond formal education, universities offer lifelong learning opportunities through continuing education programs, workshops, and seminars, which are accessible to the public.8. Cultural Events: Universities host cultural events, such as concerts, art exhibitions, and lectures, which are open to the public, promoting cultural enrichment and community involvement.9. Entrepreneurship: Many universities encourage entrepreneurship, providing resources and support for students to start their own businesses, contributing to economic growth and job creation.10. Social Justice: Universities are often at the forefront of advocating for social justice issues, promoting equality, and challenging societal norms.In conclusion, universities are not removed from the worldbut are integral parts of it. They are places where knowledge is created, shared, and applied to make a positive impact on society. The interplay between academia and the real world is what makes universities vibrant and essential institutions in today's interconnected world.。
《大学英语2》期末考试综合复习资料
《大学英语2》期末考试综合复习资料I. Use of English1. — Hello, may I talk to the headmaster now?- __________.A。
Sorry，he is busy at the moment B. No，you can’tC。
Sorry, you can’t D. I don’t know2。
— Do you think I could borrow your dictionary？— ________。
A。
Yes, you may borrow B. Yes，go onC. Yes, help yourself D。
It doesn’t matter3. — What can I do for you，madam？—________。
A. I want a kilo of apples B。
You can go your own wayC。
Thanks D. Excuse me. I’m busy4。
—Do you mind telling me where you’re from?— _________.A. Certainly。
I'm from LondonB. Sure. I was born in LondonC. Not really, you can do itD. Certainly not。
I’m from London5。
- May I see the menu, please? I’ve been waiting an hour already.— _________.A. That is the menu，sir B。
Yes, please go onC. Here you are, sir D。
Of course, sir6. — I was worried about chemistry, but Mr. Brown gave me an A!— _________.A。
Writing Graduation Thesis
learning styles （学习风格）,learning strategies （学
习策略）and individual learners’ differences（uage Teaching and Learning
Teachers/ Teaching
Writing about linguistics
If you choose to write about linguistics, you can read and try the following topics. In micro-linguistics, you can do research on phonology , phonological patterns of English or how they affect sound translation in names. In Syntax, possible topics include negation studies, tautology studies and functional approach to sentence types . There are also topics in semantics, such as types of meanings, sense relations and componential analysis. In general stylistics, you can write about varieties of English, or English in news, business, ads or science.
Social-cultural Variables
Personality Variables
大学不是象牙塔英文作文
大学不是象牙塔英文作文Title: University: Beyond the Ivory TowerUniversity, often envisioned as an ivory tower, a serene and isolated space dedicated solely to academic pursuits, is in reality a much more complex and dynamic entity. It is a microcosm of society, reflecting the diverse cultures, ideas, and challenges that exist in the world at large.While the ivory tower image conjures up images of quiet libraries and secluded lecture halls, the modern university experience is far richer and more interactive. Students engage not only with textbooks and professors but also with peers from diverse backgrounds, participating in extracurricular activities, and exploring various fields of interest.Moreover, the university is a training ground for life skills. It teaches us how to navigate relationships, manage time, and handle stress. It challenges us to think critically, solve problems, and communicate effectively. These skills are crucial not only for academic success but also for personal and professional growth.Beyond the classroom, the university serves as a bridge to the outside world. Through internships, volunteeropportunities, and networking events, students gainreal-world experience and establish connections that can lead to future employment and partnerships.However, the university is not without its challenges. The pressure to succeed academically, the competitiveness of the social environment, and the stress of balancing multiple responsibilities can be overwhelming. Navigating these challenges requires resilience, self-awareness, and a support system.In conclusion, the university is much more than an ivory tower. It is a vibrant community that fosters intellectual growth, personal development, and social engagement. It prepares us for the complexities of the real world while nurturing our dreams and aspirations. It is a place where we learn, grow, and prepare to make a positive impact on society.。
研究生英语课文翻译Unit 6
研究生英语课文翻译Unit 6Unit 6 Translation of Postgraduate English Course TextsIntroductionIn this article, we will explore the translation of postgraduate English course texts. The purpose of translating these texts is to assist postgraduate students in understanding and studying English course materials. Translating course texts requires proper techniques and considerations to ensure accurate and informative translations. In this article, we will discuss the challenges involved and provide guidelines for effective translation.Challenges in Translating Postgraduate English Course Texts1. Technical TerminologyPostgraduate English course texts often contain technical terms related to various fields of study. Translating these terms accurately requires in-depth knowledge in the specific subject area. Translators should possess expertise in both languages to ensure the correct translation of technical terminology. Additionally, the translator should keep updated with the latest developments in the field to capture the nuances and changes in technical vocabulary.2. Cultural ReferencesPostgraduate English course texts may contain cultural references that are unfamiliar to the target audience. Translators should be adept at adapting these cultural references to make them relevant and understandable for thereaders. This may involve explaining cultural concepts or finding equivalent references in the target language.3. Sentence Structure and StyleEnglish sentence structure and style may differ significantly from the target language. Translators should ensure that the translated text maintains the appropriate sentence structure, flow, and style while conveying the original meaning accurately. This requires linguistic skills and a deep understanding of both languages.Guidelines for Effective Translation of Postgraduate English Course Texts1. Understanding the ContextBefore starting the translation, it is crucial to thoroughly understand the context of the postgraduate English course text. Familiarize yourself with the subject matter, intended audience, and the purpose of the text. This understanding will enable you to provide an accurate and coherent translation.2. Research and Terminology ConsistencyDue to the technical nature of postgraduate English course texts, extensive research is necessary. Ensure that you have a solid understanding of the technical terminology used in the source text. Create a glossary of key terms and maintain consistency throughout the translation.3. Emphasis on Clarity and AccuracyWhen translating, prioritize clarity and accuracy to ensure effective communication. Use clear and concise language to convey the intended message. Avoid excessive wordiness or ambiguity, as it may confuse the readers.4. Cultural AdaptationAdapt cultural references to make them relatable to the target audience. If necessary, provide explanations or equivalents in the target language. This will enhance the readers' understanding and engagement with the translated text.5. Proofreading and EditingAfter completing the initial translation, thoroughly proofread and edit the text. Check for grammatical errors, typos, and inconsistencies. Make sure that the translated text adheres to the formatting requirements and guidelines provided.ConclusionTranslating postgraduate English course texts requires a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter, technical terminology, and cultural references. By following the guidelines mentioned above, translators can produce accurate, clear, and effective translations that assist postgraduate students in their English language studies.。
关于大学要开拓视野走出舒适区的英语小作文
关于大学要开拓视野走出舒适区的英语小作文Embracing the Unfamiliar: A University Student's Journey of Self-DiscoveryUniversity life presents a unique opportunity for personal growth and development. As students embark on this new chapter, they are often confronted with the challenge of stepping out of their comfort zones and embracing the unfamiliar. This journey of self-discovery can be both exhilarating and daunting, but it is a crucial step in unlocking one's full potential.One of the primary benefits of expanding one's horizons during the university years is the exposure to diverse perspectives and experiences. Students who limit themselves to the familiar often miss out on the richness and depth that can be found in engaging with people from different backgrounds, cultures, and beliefs. By stepping out of their comfort zones, students can broaden their understanding of the world and gain a more nuanced andempathetic perspective on the human experience.This openness to new ideas and experiences can also lead to personal growth and self-discovery. When students challenge their own assumptions and preconceptions, they are forced to confront their biases and reevaluate their beliefs. This process can be uncomfortable, but it ultimately leads to a deeper understanding of oneself and one's place in the world. By embracing the unfamiliar, students can develop a greater sense of self-awareness and a more robust and adaptable identity.Moreover, stepping out of one's comfort zone can foster the development of essential skills that are highly valued in the modern workforce. Employers increasingly seek individuals who possess the ability to think critically, communicate effectively, and adapt to changing circumstances. By engaging with diverse perspectives and navigating unfamiliar situations, students can hone these skills and become more attractive candidates in the job market.One way for university students to expand their horizons is by participating in study abroad programs. These immersive experiences allow students to immerse themselves in a foreign culture, learn a new language, and gain a deeper understanding of global issues. By stepping out of their familiar surroundings, students can develop a greater appreciation for cultural diversity and a morenuanced perspective on the world.Another avenue for personal growth is through extracurricular activities and volunteer work. By engaging in activities outside of their academic studies, students can discover new passions, develop leadership skills, and contribute to their local or global community. These experiences can challenge students to think beyond their own needs and interests, fostering a sense of social responsibility and a desire to make a positive impact.In addition to these formal opportunities, university students can also take advantage of the diverse resources and events available on their campuses. Attending guest lectures, participating in student organizations, or engaging in interdisciplinary discussions can expose students to new ideas and perspectives, broadening their intellectual and cultural horizons.Of course, stepping out of one's comfort zone can be daunting, and it is natural for students to experience feelings of uncertainty or discomfort. However, it is important for them to recognize that these challenges are an integral part of the growth process. By embracing the discomfort and approaching new experiences with an open and curious mindset, students can develop the resilience and adaptability necessary to thrive in an increasingly complex and interconnected world.In conclusion, the university years present a unique opportunity for students to expand their horizons and step out of their comfort zones. By engaging with diverse perspectives, embracing new experiences, and challenging their own assumptions, students can unlock their full potential, develop essential skills, and cultivate a deeper understanding of themselves and the world around them. This journey of self-discovery may not always be easy, but the rewards of personal growth and enrichment are well worth the effort.。
salventius翻译 -回复
salventius翻译-回复Salventius Translation: The Art of Bridging CulturesIntroductionAs globalization continues to reshape our world, the importance of effective communication across cultures becomes undeniable. Language barriers can hinder understanding and cooperation, but the practice of translation serves as an invaluable bridge that connects people from different countries and backgrounds. In this article, we will explore the art of translation, focusing on how salventius has revolutionized this field. From understanding the core principles to explaining the step-by-step process, we will delve into the intricate world of translation.The Core Principles of TranslationTranslation is not merely the act of converting words from one language to another; it is an art that requires a deep understanding of cultures, histories, and nuances. To be an effective translator, one must possess linguistic proficiency in multiple languages and have a comprehensive background in the subject matter beingtranslated. Additionally, translators must have a profound cultural sensitivity to accurately convey the intended meaning and tone. This brings us to salventius.Salventius: Revolutionizing the Translation ProcessSalventius is a cutting-edge translation technology that has revolutionized the translation process. It combines state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms with human expertise, creating a seamless integration of technology and human intelligence. Through salventius, translators gain access to an extensive database of linguistic resources, glossaries, and specialized terminology, enabling them to deliver accurate and contextually appropriate translations.Step 1: Submission and AnalysisThe translation process begins with the submission of a document or text requiring translation. Salventius uses advanced algorithms to analyze the source text, determining its complexity, subject matter, and potential challenges. This preliminary analysis aids in allocating the appropriate resources and selecting the mostqualified translators for the job.Step 2: Translator SelectionSalventius employs a rigorous selection process to match the document with the most suitable translator. Linguistic proficiency, subject matter expertise, and cultural understanding are key criteria in this selection process. This ensures that the translator has the necessary skills to accurately convey the essence of the text and maintain its cultural nuances.Step 3: Initial TranslationOnce the translator is assigned, they begin the initial translation phase. Leveraging salventius' vast database and linguistic resources, the translator meticulously crafts an accurate translation. The translator focuses on preserving not only the literal meaning but also the tone, cultural relevance, and subtleties of the source text.Step 4: Review and EditingAfter the initial translation is completed, a team of proficientreviewers and editors collaborate to further refine the translated text. They analyze the translated text, cross-reference it with the original document, and suggest improvements to ensure utmost accuracy and clarity. This quality assurance process guarantees a refined output that meets the highest standards.Step 5: Finalization and DeliveryWith the review and editing stage complete, the translation undergoes finalization. The document is formatted, proofread, and inspected for any remaining errors or inconsistencies. Once the translation meets the quality standards, it is ready for delivery to the client in the desired format.ConclusionTranslation is a complex and intricate process that requires a deep understanding of multiple languages, subject matters, and cultures. Salventius has revolutionized this field by seamlessly integrating technology with human expertise, ensuring accurate and culturally sensitive translations. From the initial analysis to the final delivery,the step-by-step process employed by salventius enables effective and efficient translation, bridging the gap between languages, cultures, and people.。
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Basi cs of T ransl at ion St udies, by Cay Dollerup, 上海 : 上海外语教育出版社, 2007。 丹麦哥 本哈根大学英语系教授、 翻译和辞书 编纂研究中心主任、 Perspect ives 杂志前任主编凯 伊 道勒拉普 ( Cay Do ller up) 近年来活跃在中国 高校讲坛 , 从学术讲座到授课, 广泛接触了国内的 翻译研究者和学习者。道勒拉普教授是一名经验 丰富的翻译家和翻译教师 , 他从职业翻译 语境出 发, 采取现实主义的立场来研究翻译 , 其目的是在 翻译学科的理论与实践之间建立起更有意义的联 系。基于其对 中国的了解而写作的 翻译 研究基 础 ( Basi cs of T r ansl ati on St ud ies , 2007) 一书 , 作 为西方学者专为中国读者而写的第一本翻译研究 著作 , 反思了西方中心观照下的翻译研究, 提出翻 译理论的基础应是实际的翻译 行为, 为走 出象牙 塔来研究翻译打开了一个新思路。 1. 反思翻译研究中的西方中心主义 作者认为, 翻译的许多原则、 观念都发源于印 欧语系语言之间的翻译活动 , 而中国、 印度等国家 的翻译研究并不遵循这些原则。印欧语系语言在 词序、 句法上非常相似 , 即使是最 差的翻译 , 如字 面直译 , 读者 还 是 能 明 白 它 的 意 义。 ( Dollerup 2007: 26) 把印欧语系语言翻译为其他语言, 译者 面临完全不同的问题, 有些翻译观念也并不适用, 如 对等 。此外, 西方 翻译理论以宗教文 本翻译 和精英文学翻译为基础 , 但即使是宗教翻 译也会 随时代而变, 课堂翻译教学、 法庭翻译等也无法实 现完美翻译 , 而且也不存在万 能的译者。万能的 译者完全控制整个交际 , 把原文完美地转 换为译 文, 这种观念使得人们 无法对翻译活动作 进一步 讨论和思考。 ( ibid. : 57) 作者提出 , 能 在特定情 境中把原文意义用目的语传达出来就是充分的翻 译 , 只有用户、 客户、 发送方、 接受方和参 与交际 的人才有权确定翻译是否满足 了这个标准 , 翻译 研 究 者、 翻 译 批 评 者 等 局 外 人 没 有 发 言 权。 108
( ibid. : 60) 作者对西方中心主义主导下的翻译研究进行 了全面的反思, 引发我们重新 思考西方翻译理 论 的适用性问题。现代翻译研究发轫于西方语言间 的翻译 , 研究者大多以理论的普适性为思想基础 , 力图揭示翻译的普遍规律, 而 且西方翻译理论 的 每一条术语的后面都有着一套完整的理论 ( 林 克 难 2003: 44) , 我们却往往忽视了这些理论产生的 背景, 没有注意分析其实质 , 以至于许多理论一到 东方就遭遇 中国难题 。汉语和英语属于两个不 同的语系, 西方译者和研究者 所面临的问题或 许 与中国 译者和 研究者 所要解 决的问 题有 很多 差 异 , 对此 不能 不予以 注意。诚如 道勒 拉普 所说 , 我们应当首先 从英汉对译的实际问题出发逐 渐 建立起自己的理论。这些理论首 先是描述性的 , 然后我们再判断所描述的现象是否能够成为规定 性的理论。 ( 胡显耀 2005: 96) 当 然, 我们也不 能 掉进 西方是普 遍之学, 中国是特殊之学 的思 维 陷阱, 否则中国的翻译研究就 始终难以真正拥 有 自己的声音。 2. 重新思考现实中的翻译 从对现实的观照出 发, 作者提出了一个相 当 宽泛的翻译质量评估标准 , 即三个基本要求: ( 1) 必须是用目标语创作的自足的存 在, 理想状态 为 读起来或听起来应该是流畅的目 标语, 不存在 磕 磕绊绊 ; ( 2) 必须充分地转换原文本的意义; ( 3) 目 标语文本要和原文本有足够多的共同要素和共同 特征, 能够让读者识别出该译 作与此文本而非 彼 文本 有 更密 切 的 关 系。 ( Dollerup 2007: 169 170) 客户、 发送方、 译者、 接受方、 其他译者、 教师、 学者和翻译共同体成员都可以从各自的角度来评 估翻译。翻译 的质 量评 估很少 有公 用的 评估 指 南 , 大多都是不同 机构自己制定 的。翻译质量 标 准差异很大, 也没有可以普遍 接受的客观评估 标 准。( ibid. : 175) 从这个标准可以看 出, 原文不再是所有讨 论
参考文献 : [ 1 ] Bassnett, Susan. 2001. T he tr anslatio n turn in cultur al studies [ C] S. Bassnett & A . Lefever e. Constr ucting Cultures : Essay s on L iter ary T r anslation . 上海 : 上海外语教育出版社 . [ 2 ] Doller up, Cay. 2007. Basics o f T ranslatio n Studies [ M ] . 上海 : 上海外语 教育出版社 . [ 3 ] 郭延礼 . 2002. 近代外国文 学译介 中的民 族情结 [ J] . 文史哲 ( 2) : 98- 102. [ 4 ] 胡显耀 . 2005. 批判的眼光 看西方 译论 凯95- 99. [ 5 ] 林克难 . 2003. 外国翻译理论之适用性研究 [ J] . 中国 翻译 ( 4) : 44- 46. 收稿日期 : 2008- 03- 04 作者简介 : 黄德先 , 上海 外国语大 学高级 翻译学 院博士 生 , 中国民 航飞 行 学院 外 国语 学 院 副教 授。 研究 方 向 : 翻 译 学。 ( 责任编辑 : 杨晓荣 )
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2009 年第 1 期 总第 113 期
外语研究 Fo reig n L anguag es Research
2009, Serial
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走出象牙塔研究翻译
评介 B asics of T ranslation Studies
黄德先
( 中国民航飞行学院, 四川 广汉 618307/ 上海外国语大学, 上海 200083)
观念, 必然会引发人们对文化 转向以来的一些 翻 译理论的重新思考。尽管文学翻译研究或许更富 有趣味、 更具挑战性, 但文学翻译只是所有翻译行 为中很小的一部分。科技、 商业、 娱乐、 媒体等 非 文学领域的翻译更加普遍, 这 些实际的工作占 据 当今翻译的主流。非文学翻译中翻译源文本的消 失 , 改变了以往对 翻译的认识。以往人们总是 认 为非文 学翻译 理论研 究除了 解决如 何译 的问 题 外 , 提不出什么可以超越这个层次、 具有学术价值 的理论来, 本书通过详尽分析 各种非文学翻译 现 象 , 纠正了这个偏见, 提出了很多引人深思的理论 观念。面对丰富的非 文学翻译现象 , 通过系统 性 的思考 , 从翻译实践中提出并验证新的假说, 就可 以为产生原创性翻译理论打下基 础, 同时沟通 翻 译理论研究和翻译实践。 作者作 为一 名从 西方 看中 国翻译 研 究的 学 者 , 本身就具有一定的局限性 , 这就形成了本书的 一个不足之处。作者虽然是为中国读者撰写的这 部著作 , 书中引用的与中国有 关的翻译实例却 实 在太少 , 仅有的几个还都是历史上的翻译个案 , 远 未涉及当前中国的翻译 现实。其次 , 作者虽时 时 提醒要警惕西方中心的翻译理论 , 但本书中大 量 使用的依然是源自印欧语言的翻 译理论, 对时 下 中国学者的翻译研究似乎缺乏了解。另一个欠缺 之处就是作者对翻译研究的各个 方面均有涉及 , 也有独到的一些见解, 但缺乏 一个系统的概念 体 系来把它们统一起来, 其理论 探讨显然还需要 进 一步深入。
的固定不变的准绳( ibid. : 88) , 是翻译过程把一个 文本变成了原文 , 这并 没有影响原语文化 中的该 文本 , 因此 , 原文 也就并非一定比 译文好, 或比译 文更权威。原文 可以由多个来源 构成, 翻 译可以 使用以前的译文。现代社会里 , 工业产品 和本地 化手册同步上市, 书籍、 电影、 国际新闻等 全球同 步出现, 欧盟文件有 23 种不同语言的版本 , 这些 翻译现象 使得原 文这 个概 念甚至 不复 存在。因 此, 翻译的本质是 基于原语文化而在目的语中创 作的文本 ( ibid. : 92) 。 可以看 出, 本书十分重视现实 对于翻译研究 的意义。研究的当下性是研究者应该考虑的首要 问题之一 , 翻译研究更需要面对翻译现实, 解释翻 译现象, 为 翻译中出现的问题 提供解决方案。一 些方向的翻译研究主要关注对特定历史现象的梳 理, 其结论或许能解释 翻译史上某类特定 的翻译 现象 , 但有 时却会遮蔽了对翻 译本身的认识。如 某些角度的研究关注如何选择原作及译者在原作 选取中起什么作用 ( Bassnet t 2001: 123) , 对译者 主体性的探讨中也常谈到译者在翻译选材方面所 体现出的主体意识 ( 郭延礼 2002: 98- 102) , 但随 着版权制度及翻译生产机制的 改变, 译者 往往不 再是译作生产的核心, 而只是生产链条上的一环。 现实中不断涌现的一些新的翻 译现象, 无 疑为翻 译研究开辟了新的研究空间 , 如道勒拉普 在本书 中谈到的翻译的法律地位、 译者的连带责任、 译者 的版权、 译者相应的社会地位等。 翻译研究基础 涉及内容非 常广泛, 为翻译 学提供了很多新的观念。作者谈到了很多其它同 类著作有所忽略的问题 , 除以上介绍的大 多翻译 研究学者采取西方 / 欧洲视 角而忽略其他 地域的 研究以外 , 还谈到如 : 对一些类型的翻译模式重视 不够 , 如摘要式翻译、 配音、 字幕翻译等 ; 翻译所有 权的伦理问题、 已有译文的重复使用问题; 翻译研 的社会维度不仅涉及翻译规范 , 还包括与 传播与 接受翻译的代理人与机构有关的一些问题, 等等。 3. 简评 翻译研究基础 虽名为翻 译研究的入门 书, 所探讨的问题却涉及翻译研究 的许多核心课 题。 本书突破了此前翻译研究过于关注历史现象的樊 篱, 以现实中的翻译现象为研究对象 , 从而使翻译 研究不再高居象牙塔中 , 翻译研究于是变 成了真 正的 对 翻 译 即雅 克 布 逊 所 说的 语 际 翻 译 ( int erlingual t ranslatio n) 的 研究, 而不是那 种把 一切转换行为都看成 翻译 的文化研究。 作者对非文学翻译的分析革新了以往的翻译