动词过去分词作定语和表语_图文

动词过去分词作定语和表语_图文.ppt
Task one
Look at the following story and find the usage of past participle (“-ed”)
Story
A boy called Tom went to the cinema one night. It was a horror film, but he was interested in it. Sometimes he felt excited, sometimes he felt frightened. After the film, the tired boy came back home. Once home, the exhausted boy…
“-ed” phrase is usually used _a_f_t_e_r _the noun it modifies.
过去分词短语作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之 后。
Task three
Please find more examples in the reading passage of each usage.
一、过去分词作定语
3. 过去分词可作非限制性定语，相当于省 略式的定语从句。 e.g ① The books, (which were) written by Lu Xun, were very popular. ② The bridge, (which was) built in 1999, is very beautiful.
“–ed” can also be put after the link-verbs (be, feel, become, get, seem…) and used as _p_r_e_d_ic_a_t_iv_e_ . eg. be interested in feel excited/frightened
考题练练看
3. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
Task two
Can you find out the position of “–ed” used as attribute from these examples?
injured fingers 一个受伤的手指 a finger injured in the accident
spoken English 英语口语 a language spoken by many people
the developed countries 发达国家
a returned student
一名留学生
a retired teacher
一名退休教师
一、过去分词作定语
2.过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成意义 。
eg. ① The books written by Lu Xun are popular．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。
Attribute
So many thousands of terrified people died …
…soon the affected person died. He immediately told the astonished people
in Broad Street … …that powenku.baidu.comluted water carried the virus. …help ordinary people exposed to cholera. He found that it came from the river
被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强, 句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常 跟by短语。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom.
★过去分词作表语与现 在分词作表语的区别
-ing表主动与进行，常用于表示事物 的性质，汉语常翻译为“(某事/物)使 人…,令人…” ；
A. first played
B. to be first played
C. first playing
D. to be first playing
解析：A first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.
现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修 饰词是主谓关系。
注意：⑴ -ed作前置定语时，有时只有被动意义 。 eg. spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习
一、过去分词作定语
⑵少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过
去分词做前置定语时只有完成的意义
fallen leaves
落叶
the risen sun
升起来的太阳
written exercises 书面练习 a book written by Lu Xun
Key points
Single “-ed” word is usually used _b_e_fo__re_ the noun it modifies.
单个过去分词做定语常放在它所修饰的名词之 前。
解析：D
考题练练看
4. I don't know the girl ________ in the snow storm.
A. to catch
B. caught
C. catching
D. to be catching
解析：B 小女孩被困在暴风雪中，所 以应用过去分词作后置定语。
二、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词作表语，表示主语的感受或 所处的状态。
No wonder he was so excited. 可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：
delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited, frightened, interested, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied, inspired, surprised, pleased
Key points
“-ed” can be used as _a_t_tr_ib_u__te_ and be put before or after the noun that it modifies. eg. tired/exhausted/excited boy a boy called Tom
不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
考题练练看
2.Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
解析：A 考查过去分词作后置定语，与所 修饰的名词之间是被动关系。
二、过去分词作表语
2.许多动词的过去分词已经被当 作形容词使用。如：broken, disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。
⊿过去分词作表语与被 动语态的区别
-ed作表语主要表示动作的完成和 状态，相当于一个形容词；
-ed 含有被动的意思，经常用于说明 人的感觉，汉语常译为“(某人)感到 …”。
eg. What he said was encouraging. We were encouraged at what he
said.
-ed作表语与-ing作表语 的区别
此类词常见的有：
surprising, surprised; exciting, excited; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; satisfying, satisfied; inspiring, inspired; pleasing, pleased; tiring, tired; boring, bored.
hurt , get wounded.
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3. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
A. was losing
B. got losing
C. grew lost
D. got lost
解析： D get lost 迷路了
4. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .
He was determined to find out why.
过去分词作定语和表语总结
一、过去分词作定语
1.单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成 的意义，常作前置定语( preposed attribute ) 。 eg. terrified people 受到惊吓的人们 polluted water 被污染的水 a closed door 关闭的门
falling leaves
落叶(正在进行)
fallen leaves
落叶(已经完成)
现在分词和过去分词做定 语的区别
The boy killing the dog is her brother.
The boy killed by the man is her brother.
考题练练看
1.The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
polluted by the dirty water from London.
Predicative
But he became inspired when he thought about help ordinary people exposed to cholera.
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
现在分词和过去分词做定 语的区别
现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示状态或完成 。
boiling water
正在烧(煮沸)的水
boiled water
已煮沸的水
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
考题练练看
2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
解析：C 该题考查分词作表语的用 法。“to pay sb by the hour” 计 时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作 表语。类似的有：get burnt, get
考题练练看
1. Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 解析： A。第一空应填tired，来源于 系表结构be tired of；第二空表令人 感到枯燥的，应填现在分词boring。
② We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago． 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
③ He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water. 他发现它来自被脏水污染的河里。