动词过去分词作定语和表语_图文
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过去分词作定语和表语
同时，还需要注意主谓一致问题，确保主语和谓语在数和人称上保持一致。
如果遇到复杂的句子结构，可以先简化句子，找出主干部分，再逐步添加 其他成分。
THANKS
表示状态、性质或特征描述
状态描述
过去分词可以表示主语所处的 状态，如“The window is
broken.”（窗户破了。）中 的“broken”表示窗户的状态。
性质描述
过去分词可以描述主语的性质， 如“She is interested in
music.”（她对音乐感兴趣。） 中的“interested”表示她的 性质。
01
观察句子结构，确定过去分词 短语在句中的作用，是作为定 语还是表语。
02
如果是定语，需要判断其与所 修饰名词之间的关系，主动关 系用现在分词，被动关系用过 去分词。
03
如果是表语，需要注意与主语 的逻辑关系，以及时态和语态 的一致性。
技巧二：注意时态、语态和主谓一致问题
在使用过去分词作定语或表语时，需要注意句子的时态和语态，确保过去 分词的形式与句子的时态和语态相符。
在使用过去分词时，需要结合具体的语境进行判断。通过分析上下文语境和逻辑关系，可以更准 确地理解句子的意思并选择合适的表达方式。
06
实战演练与技巧分享
练习题：识别并改正错误使用过去分词现象
错题1
The book, written by a famous writer, are very popular.
05
常见误区及注意事项
混淆现在分词与过去分词形式
要点一
误将现在分词用作定语
现在分词具有主动意义，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作 同时发生，而过去分词则表示被动或完成意义。因此，在 需要表示被动或完成意义时，应使用过去分词而非现在分 词。
如果遇到复杂的句子结构，可以先简化句子，找出主干部分，再逐步添加 其他成分。
THANKS
表示状态、性质或特征描述
状态描述
过去分词可以表示主语所处的 状态，如“The window is
broken.”（窗户破了。）中 的“broken”表示窗户的状态。
性质描述
过去分词可以描述主语的性质， 如“She is interested in
music.”（她对音乐感兴趣。） 中的“interested”表示她的 性质。
01
观察句子结构，确定过去分词 短语在句中的作用，是作为定 语还是表语。
02
如果是定语，需要判断其与所 修饰名词之间的关系，主动关 系用现在分词，被动关系用过 去分词。
03
如果是表语，需要注意与主语 的逻辑关系，以及时态和语态 的一致性。
技巧二：注意时态、语态和主谓一致问题
在使用过去分词作定语或表语时，需要注意句子的时态和语态，确保过去 分词的形式与句子的时态和语态相符。
在使用过去分词时，需要结合具体的语境进行判断。通过分析上下文语境和逻辑关系，可以更准 确地理解句子的意思并选择合适的表达方式。
06
实战演练与技巧分享
练习题：识别并改正错误使用过去分词现象
错题1
The book, written by a famous writer, are very popular.
05
常见误区及注意事项
混淆现在分词与过去分词形式
要点一
误将现在分词用作定语
现在分词具有主动意义，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作 同时发生，而过去分词则表示被动或完成意义。因此，在 需要表示被动或完成意义时，应使用过去分词而非现在分 词。
高三英语二轮专题复习过去分词作定语和表语课件13张PPT.pptx
__fr_i_g_h_te_n_e_d__作__表__语_____c_on_f_u_s_e_d__作_表__语_
Task2:根据分词的语法功能完成以下各题。 1.The door remained locked.
该句中的过去分词locked在句中作___表__语_____。
2. A great number of students questioned said they were forced to practise the piano. 该句中的过去分词questioned在句中作__定__语____。
falling leaves
落叶(正在进行)
fallen leaves
落叶(已经完成)
现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别:
The girl standing under the tree is really charming.
They spent the night locked in the room.
We’re going to talk about the problem
_d_is_c_u__ss_e_d__a_t_t_h_e__l_a_s_t _m__e_e_ti_n_g___(在上次会上讨论的)。
His book _p_u_b_l_is_h_e_d__la_s_t_y_e_a_r_ (去年出版的)
表示人的感受，人被引起某种感觉的。
⊿过去分词作表语与 被动语态的区别
• -ed作表语主要表示动作的完成 和状态，相当于一个形容词；
• 被动语态的过去分词动词意味很 强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后 面常跟by短语。
The glass is broken.
The glass was broken by Tom.
Task2:根据分词的语法功能完成以下各题。 1.The door remained locked.
该句中的过去分词locked在句中作___表__语_____。
2. A great number of students questioned said they were forced to practise the piano. 该句中的过去分词questioned在句中作__定__语____。
falling leaves
落叶(正在进行)
fallen leaves
落叶(已经完成)
现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别:
The girl standing under the tree is really charming.
They spent the night locked in the room.
We’re going to talk about the problem
_d_is_c_u__ss_e_d__a_t_t_h_e__l_a_s_t _m__e_e_ti_n_g___(在上次会上讨论的)。
His book _p_u_b_l_is_h_e_d__la_s_t_y_e_a_r_ (去年出版的)
表示人的感受，人被引起某种感觉的。
⊿过去分词作表语与 被动语态的区别
• -ed作表语主要表示动作的完成 和状态，相当于一个形容词；
• 被动语态的过去分词动词意味很 强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后 面常跟by短语。
The glass is broken.
The glass was broken by Tom.
动词过去分词作定语和表语课件
动词过去分词作后置定语
总结词
补充说明名词状态
详细描述
后置定语通常放在所修饰名词之后，用于补充说明名词的状态或特征。例如， “the book written by him”中的“written”表示这本书是由他写的。
动词过去分词与名词的搭配
总结词
选择合适的动词过去分词
详细描述
在选择与名词搭配的动词过去分词时，需要考虑时态、语态和语义等因素，以确保表达的准确性和自然度。例如 ，“the retired teacher”中的“retired”表示这位老师已经退休了。
过去分词作定语和表语时，通常与所修饰的名词存在动宾关 系，表示该名词已经完成的状态或结果；现在分词作定语和 表语时，通常与所修饰的名词存在主谓关系，表示该名词正 在进行的动作或状态。
动词过去分词与不定式的比较
过去分词作定语和表语时，通常表示被动关系，强调动作 的完成和结果；而不定式作定语和表语时，则强调动作的 目的或将来时态。
The _____ gifts were given to the children by their grandparents.
选择题2
The _____ building is a historical monument.
填空题练习
01
02
03
填空题1
The _____ (involve) people are waiting for the decision.
填空题2
The _____ (express) train is the fastest one in the country.
填空题3
The _____ (compete) products are not suitable for children.
过去分词作定语和表语PPT课件
a kind-hearted woman 一个好心的女人
=a woman with a kind heart
a round-faced girl
一个圆脸的女孩
a ten-storeyed building 十层楼的建筑
an open-minded person 一个心胸开阔的人
a cool-headed man
鼓舞人心的演说
受到鼓舞的观众
the falling leaves
the fallen leaves
落叶（正往下落的）
落叶（已经落到地面的）
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2. 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在 进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。 过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于谓语动词表 示的动作”或 “ 没有一定的时间性”
已升起的太阳 冉冉升起的太阳 开水 正沸腾的水 落叶 正在飘落的叶子 改变了的情况 变化着的情况 发达国家 发展中国家
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3. 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式 (being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个 完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作， 即：
done 表示 _被__动____ + _完__成____； being done 表示 _被__动____ + __正__在__进__行__； 不定式的被动式 to be done 表示 __被__动___ + ___将__来___.
the problem discussed yesterday the problem being discussed now the problem to be discussed tomorrow
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过去分词（短语）作定语可以扩展为定语 从句；反过来，其谓语为被动语态的定语 从句可以简化成过去分词(短语)作定语。
过去分词的用法讲解PPT课件
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
(1) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明 天我要理发。
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
(3) Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾 语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补 有两种情况。
1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。
(1) He had his money stolen.他的 钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）
2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语 所经历。如：
(2) He had his leg broken.他的腿断 了。 （自己的经历）
(2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。 （seen 为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由 语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不 是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。）
3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。
(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语，它 来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
1. 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其 所修饰的名词之前。
知识点——过去分词做定语和表语PPT课件
过去分词做定语和表语 【知识点解析】
（2）过去分词短语一般做后置定语，即通常放在所修饰的 名词后。它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如： ordinary people exposed to cholera. the river polluted by the dirty water from London 注意：有些单个的过去分词，像left（剩余的 given（所给予 的）concerned（有关的）等，习惯上用作后置定语。如： the money left （剩余的钱） the people concerned 有关人士 the time given 给出的时间
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谢谢聆听
·学习就是为了达到一定目的而努力去干, 是为一个目标去 战胜各种困难的过程,这个过程会充满压力、痛苦和挫折
Learning Is To Achieve A Certain Goal And Work Hard, Is A Process To Overcome Various Difficulties For A Goal
展中国家
the changed world 已经改变了的
developed countries 发达国
家
falling leaves 正在下落的叶子
a rising sun 正在冉冉升起
的太阳
fallen leaves 落叶
a risen sun 已升起的太阳
过去分词做定语和表语 【知识点解析】
总结：判断如何选择过去分词还是现在分词，应该考 虑动词的词性（及物还是不及物动词），而不要单从 汉语角度考虑。 注意：dress, seat, fix, lose, devote, compare, tire等及物 动词及remain, sit等不及物动词和taste（尝起来）， smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），appear（看起来 像），look（看起来）等系动词的用法。如：
动词过去分词表形容词的用法
一、作表语：
1、过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态；
2、过去分词作表语，形式上和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同。
二、作定语：
1、单个过去分词作定语放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语放在被修饰词的后面；
2、过去分词修饰不定代词或指示代词those，要放在这些词的后面。
三、作状语：
1、过去分词作状语时与现在分词一样，也可以表示时间，原因，让步，或伴随情况等；
2、过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态。
3、动词的过去分词的一些固定结构，也可在句中作状语，但不受后面句子的主语限制。
四、作补足语：
1、作宾补的过去分词都来自及物动词，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系；
2、由主动语态变为被动语态后，原来的宾语补足语，即成为主语补足语。
语法过去分词作定语和表语.pptx
• The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.
第8页/共22页
试一试改成定语从句
• 1. The broken window made the house very ugly. • The window which was broken made the …. • 2. Do you know all the artists invited to the party? • Do you know all the aritists who were invited to…….
• 1.The stolen bike belongs to Jack. • The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.
• 2.The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.
第19页/共22页
单个过去分词做定语放在名词前面， 过去分词短语做定语放在名词后面。
1. I found this broken plate on the floor
2.I saw a tall, dark and handsome man named Jim.
3. I visited that modern palace coloured in jewelry.
broken fallen drunk
第3页/共22页
翻译下列短语
•a broken glass
一只碎了的玻璃杯
•a polluted river
一条(被)污染了的河流
第8页/共22页
试一试改成定语从句
• 1. The broken window made the house very ugly. • The window which was broken made the …. • 2. Do you know all the artists invited to the party? • Do you know all the aritists who were invited to…….
• 1.The stolen bike belongs to Jack. • The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.
• 2.The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.
第19页/共22页
单个过去分词做定语放在名词前面， 过去分词短语做定语放在名词后面。
1. I found this broken plate on the floor
2.I saw a tall, dark and handsome man named Jim.
3. I visited that modern palace coloured in jewelry.
broken fallen drunk
第3页/共22页
翻译下列短语
•a broken glass
一只碎了的玻璃杯
•a polluted river
一条(被)污染了的河流
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② We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago． 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
③ He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water. 他发现它来自被脏水污染的河里。
Key points
“-ed” can be used as _a_t_tr_ib_u__te_ and be put before or after the noun that it modifies. eg. tired/exhausted/excited boy a boy called Tom
-ed 含有被动的意思，经常用于说明 人的感觉，汉语常译为“(某人)感到 …”。
eg. What he said was encouraging. We were encouraged at what he
said.
-ed作表语与-ing作表语 的区别
此类词常见的有：
surprising, surprised; exciting, excited; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; satisfying, satisfied; inspiring, inspired; pleasing, pleased; tiring, tired; boring, bored.
被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强, 句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常 跟by短语。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom.
★过去分词作表语与现 在分词作表语的区别
-ing表主动与进行，常用于表示事物 的性质，汉语常翻译为“(某事/物)使 人…,令人…” ；
the developed countries 发达国家
a returned student
一名留学生
a retired teacher
一名退休教师
一、过去分词作定语
2.过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成意义 。
eg. ① The books written by Lu Xun are popular．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。
hurt , get wounded.
考题练练看
3. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
A. was losing
B. got losing
C. grew lost
D. got lost
解析： D get lost 迷路了
4. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .
不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
考题练练看
2.Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
解析：A 考查过去分词作后置定语，与所 修饰的名词之间是被动关系。
falling leaves
落叶(正在进行)
fallen leaves
落叶(已经完成)
现在分词和过去分词做定 语的区别
The boy killing the dog is her brother.
The boy killed by the man is her brother.
考题练练看
1.The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played
B. to be first played
C. first playing
D. to be first playing
解析：A first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.
现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修 饰词是主谓关系。
考题练练看
2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
解析：C 该题考查分词作表语的用 法。“to pay sb by the hour” 计 时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作 表语。类似的有：get burnt, get
Task two
Can you find out the position of “–ed” used as attribute from these examples?
injured fingers 一个受伤的手指 a finger injured in the accident
spoken English 英语口语 a language spoken by many people
现在分词和过去分词做定 语的区别
现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示状态或完成 。
boiling water
正在烧(煮沸)的水
boiled water
已煮沸的水
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
考题练练看
1. Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 解析： A。第一空应填tired，来源于 系表结构be tired of；第二空表令人 感到枯燥的，应填现在分词boring。
一、过去分词作定语
3. 过去分词可作非限制性定语，相当于省 略式的定语从句。 e.g ① The books, (which were) written by Lu Xun, were very popular. ② The bridge, (which was) built in 1999, is very beautiful.
“–ed” can also be put after the link-verbs (be, feel, become, get, seem…) and used as _p_r_e_d_ic_a_t_iv_e_ . eg. be interested in feel excited/frightened
Attribute
So many thousands of terrified people died …
…soon the affected person died. He immediately told the astonished people
in Broad Street … …that polluted water carried the virus. …help ordinary people exposed to cholera. He found that it came from the river
注意：⑴ -ed作前置定语时，有时只有被动意义 。 eg. spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习
一、过去分词作定语
⑵少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过
去分词做前置定语时只有完成的意义
fallቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱn leaves
落叶
the risen sun
升起来的太阳
He was determined to find out why.
过去分词作定语和表语总结
一、过去分词作定语
1.单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成 的意义，常作前置定语( preposed attribute ) 。 eg. terrified people 受到惊吓的人们 polluted water 被污染的水 a closed door 关闭的门
polluted by the dirty water from London.
Predicative
But he became inspired when he thought about help ordinary people exposed to cholera.
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
written exercises 书面练习 a book written by Lu Xun
Key points
Single “-ed” word is usually used _b_e_fo__re_ the noun it modifies.
单个过去分词做定语常放在它所修饰的名词之 前。
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3. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
③ He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water. 他发现它来自被脏水污染的河里。
Key points
“-ed” can be used as _a_t_tr_ib_u__te_ and be put before or after the noun that it modifies. eg. tired/exhausted/excited boy a boy called Tom
-ed 含有被动的意思，经常用于说明 人的感觉，汉语常译为“(某人)感到 …”。
eg. What he said was encouraging. We were encouraged at what he
said.
-ed作表语与-ing作表语 的区别
此类词常见的有：
surprising, surprised; exciting, excited; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; satisfying, satisfied; inspiring, inspired; pleasing, pleased; tiring, tired; boring, bored.
被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强, 句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常 跟by短语。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom.
★过去分词作表语与现 在分词作表语的区别
-ing表主动与进行，常用于表示事物 的性质，汉语常翻译为“(某事/物)使 人…,令人…” ；
the developed countries 发达国家
a returned student
一名留学生
a retired teacher
一名退休教师
一、过去分词作定语
2.过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成意义 。
eg. ① The books written by Lu Xun are popular．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。
hurt , get wounded.
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3. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
A. was losing
B. got losing
C. grew lost
D. got lost
解析： D get lost 迷路了
4. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .
不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
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2.Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
解析：A 考查过去分词作后置定语，与所 修饰的名词之间是被动关系。
falling leaves
落叶(正在进行)
fallen leaves
落叶(已经完成)
现在分词和过去分词做定 语的区别
The boy killing the dog is her brother.
The boy killed by the man is her brother.
考题练练看
1.The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played
B. to be first played
C. first playing
D. to be first playing
解析：A first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.
现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修 饰词是主谓关系。
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2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
解析：C 该题考查分词作表语的用 法。“to pay sb by the hour” 计 时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作 表语。类似的有：get burnt, get
Task two
Can you find out the position of “–ed” used as attribute from these examples?
injured fingers 一个受伤的手指 a finger injured in the accident
spoken English 英语口语 a language spoken by many people
现在分词和过去分词做定 语的区别
现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示状态或完成 。
boiling water
正在烧(煮沸)的水
boiled water
已煮沸的水
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
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1. Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 解析： A。第一空应填tired，来源于 系表结构be tired of；第二空表令人 感到枯燥的，应填现在分词boring。
一、过去分词作定语
3. 过去分词可作非限制性定语，相当于省 略式的定语从句。 e.g ① The books, (which were) written by Lu Xun, were very popular. ② The bridge, (which was) built in 1999, is very beautiful.
“–ed” can also be put after the link-verbs (be, feel, become, get, seem…) and used as _p_r_e_d_ic_a_t_iv_e_ . eg. be interested in feel excited/frightened
Attribute
So many thousands of terrified people died …
…soon the affected person died. He immediately told the astonished people
in Broad Street … …that polluted water carried the virus. …help ordinary people exposed to cholera. He found that it came from the river
注意：⑴ -ed作前置定语时，有时只有被动意义 。 eg. spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习
一、过去分词作定语
⑵少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过
去分词做前置定语时只有完成的意义
fallቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱn leaves
落叶
the risen sun
升起来的太阳
He was determined to find out why.
过去分词作定语和表语总结
一、过去分词作定语
1.单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成 的意义，常作前置定语( preposed attribute ) 。 eg. terrified people 受到惊吓的人们 polluted water 被污染的水 a closed door 关闭的门
polluted by the dirty water from London.
Predicative
But he became inspired when he thought about help ordinary people exposed to cholera.
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
written exercises 书面练习 a book written by Lu Xun
Key points
Single “-ed” word is usually used _b_e_fo__re_ the noun it modifies.
单个过去分词做定语常放在它所修饰的名词之 前。
考题练练看
3. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known