短暂性动词,延续性动词和现在完成时
现在完成时中短暂性动词变延续性动词归纳表
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换之马矢奏春创作动词按其举措发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词.一.延续性动词暗示能够延续的举措,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等.延续性动词可以与暗示时间段的状语连用.暗示时间段的短语有: ⑴ for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如 since last year, since 5 days ago.例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 暗示不能延续的举措,这种举措发生后立即结束.如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等.非延续性动词在肯定句中与暗示时间点的状语连用,如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点）例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的举措是5分钟之前发生的,是过去时.也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了,这个举措是延续的,要用现在完成时,而且要把原来的长久性动词改为延续性动词.一些长久性动词及相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→be here (in)begin(start)→be ondie →be deadcomehere（back）→be here（back）leave →be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→be upgo/ get out（there）→be out（there）finish →be overput on →wear 或be onopen →be open（keep sth. open）join →be in或be a member of…+组织机构close →be closedgo to school→be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →knowbegin to study→studycome to work→workm ove to → live infinish→ be overcome to → be insit down → be seatedmarry → be marrieddress → be dressedbecome → be。
现在完成时中短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
在以下句型中，短暂性动词要转换成延续性动词:
1.完成时态的肯定句 2. 句中, 有for或since引导的, 或其他种类的表示一段时间的时间状语
例如: He has died for 20 years. 这句话就是错误的。 die是一个瞬间动词，需要转化为延续性动词。 句子改为 He has been dead for 20 years.
现在完成时中 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转化
也称做终止性动词、非延续性动词或瞬 间动词。
表示动作不能延续, 只是一瞬间就结束 的动作。
come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, open, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, become, borrow, get up 等.
1.实义动词转化成实义动词
2.转化成be+形容词或介词
3.转化成be+名词（词组）
His grandfather
His grandfather His grandfather
His grandfather
It’s five years since his grandfather died. Five years has passed since his grandfather died.
His brother has been in the army .
It’s two years since his brother joined the army .
Two years has passed since his brother joined the army .
相关练习
8B unit2 课课练 grammar部分有相关练习 可自行完成, 核对答案
常用短暂性动词与延续性动词及其例句
一、现在完成时的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词，通常不能与表示一段时间的短语及短语（或从句）等连用。
应将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词。
如：1、This factory opened twenty years ago.This factory has been open for twenty years.2、Miss Gao left an hour ago.Miss Gao has been away for an hour.3、Her teacher has been a Party member for 3 years.Her teacher joined the Party 3 years ago.4、The film began two minutes ago.The film has been on since two minutes ago.5、He bought the bike two years ago.He has had the bike for two years.6、The old man died ten years ago.The old man has been dead for ten years.7、He came back 3 days ago.He has been back for 3 days.8、I left my hometown 10 years ago.I have been away from my hometown for 10 years.9、They got married 13 year ago.They have been married for 13 years.10、I borrowed the book a week ago.I have kept the book for a week.How long have you kept the book?注：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
可持续性动词和短暂性动词用法区分
可持续性动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度的动词。
“持续性动词”表示的动作不但可以延续，而且可以产生持久的影响。
1.拥有 have2.具备、具有 possess3.保持 keep4.知道 know5.学习 learn,study6.生活 live7.阅读 read8.睡觉 sleep9.等待、等候 wait10.工作 work11.看、听、闻 look、heard、smell12.喝 drink13.有 have14.跑 run用于现在完成时：for+一段时间。
since+时间点since+一段时间+agosince+从句（一般过去时）等常见的这类动词有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。
瞬间性动词（短暂性动词）:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish1、终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束.如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go ,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等.终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用,因为否定本身就是可以延续的.如：have a cold是持续性动词,表示“状态”,可与表延续性的时间状语连用,不定冠词不能省略.I′ve had a cold since my arrival（到达 n.）.I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days. catch a cold是短暂性动作,表“动态”：它不能和延续性时间状语连用,不定冠词“a”可有可无,catch可用take,get代替.Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.Take care not to get cold.但是,若cold前有形容词修饰时,则不定冠词不能省.如：Brown has taken a slight cold.注意下列句子：I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)I have had a cold for over a week.()2、延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态.如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等.延续性动词常不能和表示一个短暂具体的时间状语连用；这类动词如用于进行时态,则可以和表示一个短暂具体的时刻连用.He worke d at eight yesterday afternoon.(×)He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.()3、代替终止性动词的方法a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词1、用have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to一．短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法：现在完成时中用法（一）：表示发生在过去，迄今已经完成，并对现在产生影响或产生结果的动作，常用ever, yet, already, just等状语，谓语动词既可是延续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。
现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法
现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1））现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.含( 义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. 含(义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose ）不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be opendie-be dead1.have 代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have 代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be 替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear 代替put onb)用“b＋e 形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married 代marry2、be＋ill 代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open 代open8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“b＋e 副词”代终止性动词1“b＋e 2“b＋e on”代start,begin up”代get up3“b＋e back(to) 代”return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there代) co”m e(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“b＋e 介词短语”代终止性动词1. “be in/at地+点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3. “be in/at地+点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at 相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →h e a e v n e o b u t4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened → have been close/open6. have got up →have be；e n up7. have died →have been；dead8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →have；been asleep10. have finished/ended/completed →have b；een over11. Have married →have been ma；rried12. have started/begun to do sth. →have；done sth.13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven ’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold →have h；ad a cold18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/havbeeen the Party ’s member/the league member/the soldier注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since 连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately 等:He has already obtained得(到获得) a scholarship(奖学金).I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, these days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so f a等r : Peter has written six papers so far.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.5. 现在完成时的" 完成用法"现在完成时的" 完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
延续性动词和短暂性动词和现在完成时题目
He joined the Party 2 years ago.He has bee n in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。
但是，有些动词所表示的动作是短暂的，这类动词 叫做非延续性动词。
如： come, go, reach, arrive, leave, borrow, buy, jo in, die, begi n, start, finish 等。
在现在完成时的句子中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的 状语连用。
表示动作的连续性，就要把非延续性动词转换成相应的延续性动词或短语，具 体转换如下：（要求记住）come/go/reach/arrivein/be leave 宀 beaway from, borrow keep, buy have, jo inbein/be a member of, die bedead, start/begin rbe finish/endbeer, openbe open (adj.), close be closed (adj.), marry Ice m eatci6/(go back to / returnto beback to go out be outbecome be get upbe dpi be dead fall asleep /get tot sleep be asleepienot have put on wear catch / get a coldhave acold ； get to know knovhave / has gone tohave been in注意：1. 非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与 for , since 引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。
例如：She hasn ' t bought anyew clothes since last year.2. 在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语时不能与 for , si nee 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。
修改名词：现在完成时练习(短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换)
修改名词：现在完成时练习（短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换）现在完成时是英语语法中一种重要的时态，用于表示发生在过去但与现在有关的动作或经验。
在构成现在完成时的句子中，我们经常需要使用动词的现在分词形式。
然而，对于一些动词，我们需要将其转换为名词形式。
短暂性动词的转换短暂性动词是指表示短暂或瞬间动作的动词，这些动作不具有持续性。
在现在完成时句子中，我们需要将短暂性动词转换为名词形式。
举个例子：- 原始句子：He drank a cup of coffee.- 转换后的句子：He has had a cup of coffee.在这个例子中，我们将短暂性动词"drank"转换为名词形式"had"。
以下是一些常见的短暂性动词及其对应的转换形式：- bring -> have brought- eat -> have eaten- see -> have seen- take -> have taken- buy -> have bought延续性动词的转换延续性动词是指表示持续性或进行性动作的动词，这些动作具有一定的时间跨度。
在现在完成时句子中，我们需要将延续性动词转换为名词形式。
举个例子：- 原始句子：She has been reading a book.- 转换后的句子：She has had a book.在这个例子中，我们将延续性动词"reading"转换为名词形式"had"。
以下是一些常见的延续性动词及其对应的转换形式：- read -> have had- write -> have written- study -> have studied- work -> have worked- play -> have played通过将短暂性动词和延续性动词转换为名词形式，我们可以更准确地表达现在完成时的动作或经验。
短暂动词与延续性动词
短暂(duǎnzàn)动词与延续性动词短暂(duǎnzàn)动词与延续性动词1.现在(xiànzài)完成时的构成：have / has + 动词(dòngcí)的过去分词2.现在(xiànzài)完成时的用法：（1）表示某一动作或状态开始(kāishǐ)于过去并持续到现在现在。
（此种用法适用于延续性动词）I have been in Nanyang for around 5 years.我在南阳(nán yánɡ)大约有五年了。
（2）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果（此种用法适用非延续性动词）。
I can’t go to see the movie now, because I have lost the ticket.现在我看不成电影了，因为我把票弄丢了。
3.现在完成时的标志：just, already, yet, ever, never,recently 近来 = in recent weeks (months, years)在最近的几周（月，年）里,nowadays, for + 一段时间，before (用于句子末尾); so far = up to now = till now; since + 过去某一具体时间点，since + 过去的一段时间 + ago， since + 一般过去时从句，ever since then = ever since = since then = since (自从那时起);in / over /during + the + past(last) + 一段时间。
Eg.On January 11,1998, Dr. Kataria organized the first “World Laughter Day” celebration in Mumbai, India. It was a huge success.The date was later changed to the first Sunday in May and it has been celebrated every year since.4.现在完成时中的特殊用法：短暂动词(dòngcí)的各种时态（包括现在完成时在内）不能和时间段连用(liányòng)，当它需要与时间段连用时需转换为延续性动词。
现在完成时--短暂性动词变延续性动词
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。
例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。
也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。
一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in) begin(start) → be ondie → be deadcome here（back）→be here（back）leave → be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→ be upgo/ get out（there）→ be out（there）finish → be overput on → wearopen → be open（join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构close → be closedgo to school → be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold) → have(a cold)get to know → knowbegin to study → studycome to work → workmove to → live infinish/end → be overcome to → be inmarry → be marriedbecome → be。
短暂性动词 延续性动词和现在完成时
短暂性动词，延续性动词和现在完成时延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。
如：live,work, study, learn, sleep 等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。
短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束。
它不能和一段时间连用。
这类动词有：go,come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；★在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.★短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for 或since 或how long 等状语连用。
★值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+ 时间段+ago，疑问词how long，in the past+时间段，all these+时间段，from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。
例如：.I have received his letter for three days（×）I have received his letter.（√）How long did she leave .（×） How long has she been away? (√)★★★如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be herebegin(start)→be ondie →be deadcome back→be backleave →be away (from)fall ill(asleep)→be ill( asleep) get up→be upgo out →be outarrive→be heremarry → be married finish →be overput on →wear 或be onopen →be openclose →be closedjoin →be in/ be a member ofgo to school→be a studentborrow→keepbuy/get→havedress → be dressedcatch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →knowbegin to study→studycome to work→workmove to → live infinish/end → be overcome to → be insit down → be seated★除了用上面的转化形式之外，还可以用其他的表达形式：A.It is 或者It has been+时间+since……（动词用过去式），B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago。
短暂性动词的用法
短暂性动词的用法在英语学习中，动词是非常重要的一部分，而短暂性动词则是其中一个比较特殊的类别。
理解和掌握短暂性动词的用法对于准确、自然地表达英语至关重要。
首先，让我们来明确一下什么是短暂性动词。
短暂性动词，也称为非延续性动词或瞬间动词，指的是动作在瞬间完成，不能持续一段时间的动词。
比如“open”（打开）、“close”（关闭）、“come”（来）、“go”（去）、“leave”（离开）、“arrive”（到达）、“die”（死亡）等等。
这些动词的特点是它们所表示的动作发生得很快，往往在一瞬间就结束了。
例如，“The door opened”（门打开了。
）这个动作一发生就完成了，门不可能一直处于“正在打开”的状态。
那么，短暂性动词在句子中的使用有哪些需要注意的地方呢？一个重要的方面是在与时间段连用时的表达。
由于短暂性动词的动作不能持续，所以当它们与表示一段时间的状语连用时，需要进行一些转换。
比如，“我离开家已经三天了。
”不能直接说“I left home for three days”而应该改为“I have been away from home for three days”这里将短暂性动词“leave”转换为了延续性的“be away”。
再比如，“他去世五年了。
”不能说“He died for five years”而要改成“He has been dead for five years” “die”是短暂性动词，“be dead”则表示一种持续的状态。
在现在完成时中，短暂性动词的使用也有特定的规则。
如果句子中有“since”或“for”引导的时间状语，通常要用延续性动词。
例如，“Ihave known him since 2010”（自从 2010 年我就认识他了。
）而不能说“I have known him since he came here” 因为“come”是短暂性动词。
在进行句型转换时，短暂性动词也需要特别处理。
(完整版)现在完成时之短暂性动词与延续性动词用法
短暂性动词,延续性动词zai现在完成时中的应用短暂性动词,延续性动词和现在完成时短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束.它不能和一段时间连用.这类动词有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用.例如：His father got ill.I have received his letter.但是,不可以说：His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中,短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用.例如：We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.I suppose something must have happened to her.延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间.如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等,延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用.值得注意的是,表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外,还有since+n./从句（时间点）,since+时间段+ago,疑问词how long,in the past+时间段,all these+时间段,from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等.例如：How long _______ your brother joined the army?A.hasB.hadC.is it sinceD.was there that通过审题,答案B和D很容易被排除,但是稍不注意便会选中答案A；殊不知how long 为一段时间的状语,不能与非延续性动词短语has joined连用,所以这题的正确答案是C.另外,动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/ until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until请看例句：We waited until he came.I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或be a member of…close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold)→have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work move to →live in finish/end →be over come to →be in sit down →be seated marry →be married dress →be dressed等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了.His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了.The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了.We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了.How long can I keep this book?这本书我可以借多长时间?除了用上面的转化形式之外,还可以用其他的表达形式：A.It is/ has been+时间+since……（动词用过去式）,B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago.例如：It’s five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经3天了.He left Shanghai three days ago.He has been away from Shanghai for three days.He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago. It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai. Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.。
短暂性动词
短暂性动词,延续性动词和现在完成时短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束.它不能和一段时间连用.这类动词有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry 等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用.例如：His father got ill.I have received his letter.但是,不可以说：His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中,短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用.例如：We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.I suppose something must have happened to her.延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间.如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等,延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用.值得注意的是,表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外,还有since+n./从句（时间点）,since+时间段+ago,疑问词how long,in the past+时间段,all these+时间段,from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等.例如：How long _______ your brother joined the army?A.has B.had C.is it since D.was there that 通过审题,答案B和D很容易被排除,但是稍不注意便会选中答案A；殊不知how long为一段时间的状语,不能与非延续性动词短语has joined连用,所以这题的正确答案是C.另外,动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/ until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until请看例句：We waited until he came.I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up →be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a member of… close →be closed go to school →be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work move to →live in finish/end → be over come to → be in sit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了.His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了.The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了.We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了.How long can I keep this book?这本书我可以借多长时间?除了用上面的转化形式之外,还可以用其他的表达形式：A.It is/ has been+时间+since……（动词用过去式）,B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago.例如：It’s five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经3天了.He left Shanghai three days ago.He has been away from Shanghai for three days.He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago.It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai.Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.。
现在完成时中短暂性动词变延续性动词归纳表
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。
例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点）例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。
也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。
一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in)begin(start) → be ondie → be deadcome here（back）→be here（back）leave → be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→ be upgo/ get out（there）→ be out（there）finish → be overput on → wear 或be onopen → be open（keep sth. open）join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构close → be closedgo to school → be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold) → have(a cold)get to know → know begin to study → study come to work → work move to → live in finish → be over come to → be insit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed become → be。
短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法
短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法英语中的动词有多种分类法。
根据其有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。
延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait，have,,live,teach,keep,like 等。
短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如leave, begin, start, return, arrive, reach, die, marry, bear, see, hear, receive, buy, get, enter, take off, start off, come in, come back, take place, break out, put on, put down, go in 等。
终止性动词构成的现在完成时，不可以用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰，终止性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
如可以说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时，start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。
1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语：eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago.2．用It is… since…复合句代替简单句eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.注意：以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。
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短暂性动词，延续性动词和现在完成时延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。
如：live, work, study, learn, sleep 等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。
短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束。
它不能和一段时间连用。
这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；★在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.★短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for 或since 或how long 等状语连用。
★值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago ，疑问词how long ，in the past+时间段，all these+时间段，from…to （时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。
例如：.I have received his letter for three days （×） I have received his letter.（√）How long did she leave .（×） How long has she been away? (√)★★★如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive →be here ★除了用上面的转化形式之外，还可以用其他的表达形式：A. It is 或者 It has been+时间+since……（动词用过去式），B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago 。
例如：It’s five days since I received his letter.arrive →be herebegin(start)→be ondie →be deadcome back →be backleave →be away (from)fall ill(asleep)→be ill( asleep)get up →be upgo out →be outmarry → be married finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open close →be closed join →be in/ be a member of go to school →be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have dress → be dressed catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study →study come to work →work move to → live in finish/end → be over come to → be in sit down → be seatedHis father died three years ago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经3天了。
He left Shanghai three days ago.He has been away from Shanghai for three days/since three days agoIt is/has been three days since he left Shanghai.Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.几点注意事项:（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回来的路上，总之，人不在这里。
常用第三人称作主语。
前者可与once,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。
如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing他去北京了。
注意比较has gone to, has been to, has been in的意义：He has gone to Amercia.（他到美国去了。
他不在这里）He has been to Amercia.（他去过美国。
现已回来）He has been in Shanghai.（他在上海呆过。
现在不在上海）He has been in shanghai for years.（他在上海多年。
现在还在上海）（2）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：I haven 't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。
★另外，动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/until短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until请看例句：We waited until he came.I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.短暂性动词，延续性动词和现在完成时练习I. 句型转换：1. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句）Mr. Li ______ _______English in this school since 1999.2. The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句The factory _______ _____ ______ for ten years.3. John left Beijing three years ago. （同义句）Three years _____ _____ ______ John _____ Beijing.John_____ ______ ______ ______ Beijing _____ three years.4. His company opened in 2003. （同义句His company _____ _____ _____ since 2003.5. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句My father ______ ______ the car ____ half a year.6. We got to know each other for about 15 years.（同义句We _____ _____ each other _____ about 15 years.7. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句The film _____ _____ ____ for ten minutes.8. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同义句I _____ _____ this book for two weeks.9. My father came back the day before yesterday.My father has ______ ______ for two days.10.My uncle bought the new car two months ago.My uncle has______ the new car ______two months ago.II. 用have been和have gone填空。
1. Mother isn’t here. She ______ to the barber’s.2. ______ you ever ______ abroad before?4. Tom and Mary have just come in. They ______ to a party.5. Tom and Mary aren’t here. They ______ to a Party.6. My father ______ to New York. He left this morning.12. The students ______ to the cinema to see a film today. Now they are back.14. Mr. and Mrs. Smith ______ to London now. They ______ there twice already.18. Miss Li ______ never ______ to China before.19. Where ______ you ______? The meeting has already begun.20. Where ______ he ______? I can’t find him anywhere.Ⅲ.选择题1. The bookshop _____ for eight years.A has been openB has been openedC has openedD has open2. I ______ the club for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been in3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become5.You mustnt ________ until he comes back.A. be awayB. leaveC. be left6.The meeting _______ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became9. I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned10. How long _______ he ________ ?A. diedB. has, diedC. has, been dead11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept12.He ________ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has had13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.A. did fallB. have, fellC. have, been14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved awayC. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.A. borrowB. keepC. take16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.A. has stoppedB. stoppedC. has been17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?A. wearingB. putting onC. dressingD. on18.He ________ foe 2 hours.A. got upB. has got upC. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.A. isB. catchesC. has caughtD. has had20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.A. borrowB. lendC. getD. keep21. -- How long ____ you _____the army?-- For one and a half years.A. did, joinB. have, been inC. have, joinedD. will, join22. —Oh, Mrs, King. Your dress looks nice. Is it new? —No, I _____ it since two years ago.A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought23. Jack has___for a week.A. had a cold B got a cold C. caught a cold24. “How long have you _____there?”“About six years.”A. comeB. goneC. leftD. worked25. Our workshop since two years ago.A. was openB. openedC. has been openD. has opened26. My grandpa ___ for half a year.A. has been deadB. diedC. has diedD. was dead27. -- What a nice bike! How long you_ it?--Just two weeks.A. will; buyB. did; buyC. are; havingD. have; had28. He has ____ the watch for a year.A buyB boughtC haveD had29. I _____this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.A borrowedB have borrowedC keptD have kept30. Her brother _____the Party since 1978.A joinedB has joinedC has been inD was inⅣ.改错He has been to Beijing for over two yearsHe has joined the army since 2001I have borrowed the book for a weekHow long have you bought the bikeMy father has left for shanghai for two daysThe bag has been there three days agoLi Lei's grandfather has died since four years agoHe has finished his homework last night。