词汇与语法结构(一)
专升本《英语》词汇与语法结构
专升本《英语》词汇与语法结构以下是专升本英语词汇与语法结构的重点内容：
一、词汇：
1.同义词和反义词
2.同根词和派生词
3.合成词和短语
4.难以理解的词汇
5.常见的词组和习惯用语
6.常见的英语缩写和缩略词
二、语法结构：
1.时态和语态
-现在时态
-过去时态
-将来时态
-完成时态
-进行时态
-被动语态
2.语法句型
-倒装句
-条件句
-间接引语和直接引语
-强调句
3.从句和复合句
-名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）-定语从句
-状语从句
-表语从句
4.代词和词性
-人称代词和物主代词
-反身代词和相互代词
-指示代词和疑问代词
-不定代词和关系代词
5.形容词和副词
-基本形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
-修饰方式、程度、时间和频率的副词
-形容词和副词的转化
6.名词和数词
-可数名词和不可数名词
-单数名词和复数名词
-名词的所有格
-基数词和序数词
以上是专升本英语词汇与语法结构的主要内容，希望对你的学习有帮助。
大学英语辅导-词汇与语法结构
• 3． 当each, everyone, everybody, no one, none, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody,用 作主语或主语限定词时，其相应的代词一般用单数形 式。
• 4． 当everything, anything, something, nothing等用 作主语时，句中相应的代词一般只按语法一致的原则 ，用单数形式。
from 1981 to 1985。 • by 表示“到某时止”，“在某时之前”。如：by the end of this
month。
• B．表示地点的介词
• 1. in, at
• in 表示教大的地方或场所，at表示教小的地方 或场所。如：in London, at the airport等。
• 2. to, towards, for
• A. keep
B. take
• C. change
D. give
• Spring up 出现
• Take one’s place取代
•B
• Change vi
• Change into
Vocabulary and Structure :
（一）词法（包括名词、动词、形容 词和副词、代词、冠词、连词、数词、 介词）
• 2．一般过去时态
• 表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常 与过去特定的时间状语连用；或表示过去某一 段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作，可与表示 频度的时间副词连用。形式为: V-ed。例如：
• I bought this computer five years ago. 五年 前我买了这太电脑。
词汇与语法结构—名词+冠词+代词
（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计
算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
名词分类表
1.1 名词复数的规则变化
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，
6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特 别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域， fishes（各种）鱼
1.4 不可数名词量的表示
1）物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。
比较：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
数时，直接加s变复数：
如： two Marys
the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较： 层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories
2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b. 加es，如：heroes; negroes; potato—potatoes;
词汇与语法
宾语：句子中表示动作、行 为的对象或结果的部分
补语：句子中补充说明宾语 或主语的部分，通常表示动
作的方式、时间、地点等
状语：修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的成分，表示时间、地点、方式等 定语：修饰名词或代词，表示品质、特征、所属等 状语和定语在句子中起到描述和限定的作用 正确使用状语和定语可以提高语言表达的准确性和丰富性
主语、谓语、宾语是句子的主要成分 定语、状语、补语是句子的次要成分 句子成分的顺序是主语、谓语、宾语，然后是定语、状语、补语 句子成分的顺序是遵循一定的规则和习惯的
并列复合句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列组成，表达相对独立的含义。 主从复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，从句在句中充当主句的一个成分。 嵌套复合句：一个复合句中包含另一个复合句，形成嵌套结构。 包孕复合句：一个复合句包含另一个简单句，形成包孕结构。
练习建议：多阅读，多写作， 提高语言运用能力
缺少主语或 谓语
句子成分多 余或残缺
语序不当 句式杂糅
词汇选择：根据语境选择合适 的词汇，表达准确含义
语法结构：运用正确的语法结 构，使句子通顺流畅
词汇丰富度：使用多样化的词 汇，增加语言表达的丰富性
语法准确性：确保语法正确， 避免产生歧义或误解
理解句子含义：通过词汇和语法 的组合，理解句子的具体含义。
添加标题 添加标题 添加标题 添加标题
定义：主语和谓语在人称、数、格等方面不一致的语法错误。
常见类型：主语是复数形式，谓语却是单数形式；主语是单数形式，谓 语却是复数形式。
纠正方法：检查主谓是否一致，确保在语法和语义上都符合规范。
示例：正确的句子：“The books are on the shelf.”（书在架子上。） 错误的句子：“The book is on the shelf.”（书在架子上。）
学位英语考试真题及答案解析(一)
学位英语考试真题及答案解析(一)一、词汇与语法结构A) I am looking forward to _______ with you next week.A) meet B) meeting C) meets D) to meet答案：B解析：本题考查的是动词的用法。
动词短语“look forward to”后面应该跟动名词形式，因此选项B“meeting”是正确的。
A) _______ is important to learn a foreign language.A) Practice B) Practicing C) Practices D) Practiced答案：A解析：本题考查的是主语和谓语动词的一致性。
主语“Practice”是名词，因此谓语动词应该用单数形式，选项A“Practice”是正确的。
A) _______ he said, I don't believe him.A) Although B) However C) Whatever D) No matter what答案：C解析：本题考查的是连词的用法。
根据句意，我们需要一个表示“无论他说什么”的连词，因此选项C“Whatever”是正确的。
二、阅读理解阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
One of the major risks of the Internet is the issue of privacy. With the amount of personal information we share online, there is a possibility that our data could be misusedor stolen. It is important for us to be cautious and take necessary measures to protect our privacy.Another challenge is the spread of misinformation. The Internet allows anyone to publish information, which meansthat not all of it is reliable or accurate. It is crucial for us to develop critical thinking skills and verify the sources of information before accepting it as true.In conclusion, while the Internet has its risks and challenges, it is an indispensable tool in our modern society. By being aware of these risks and taking necessary precautions, we can fully enjoy the benefits it offers.A) The Internet has only brought disadvantages to our lives.B) It is not important to protect our privacy online.D) The Internet has provided us with a vast amount of information.答案：D解析：根据短文一段的内容，我们可以得知选项D是正确的，因为短文提到互联网为我们提供了大量的信息。
人教版1-6年级英语词汇与语法
小学1-6年级英语基础知识汇总语法知识一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格(一)名词单复数1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：b o o k-b o o k s,b a g-b a g s,c a t-c a t s,b e d-b e d s2.以s.x. s h.c h结尾，加-e s，如：b u s-b u s e s, b o x-b o x e s, b r u s h-b r u s h e s,w a t c h-w a t c h e s3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-e s，如：f a m i l y-f a m i l i e s, s t r a w b e r r y-s t r a w b e r r i e s4.以“f或f e”结尾，变f或f e为v,再加-e s，如：k n i f e-k n i v e s5.不规则名词复数：m a n-m e n,w o m a n-w o m e n, p o l i c e m a n-p o l i c e m e n, p o l i c e w o m a n-p o l i c e w o m e n,m o u s e-m i c e c h i l d-c h i l d r e n,f o o t-f e e t,t o o t h-t e e t h,f i s h-f i s h,p e o p l e-p e o p l e,C h i n e s e-C h i n e s e, J a p a n e s e-J a p a n e s e不可数名词的复数就是原型：p a p e r,j u i c e,w a t e r,m i l k,r i c e,t e a(二)名词的格(1)有生命的东西的名词所有格：a)单数后加’s如:L u c y’s r u l e r m y f a t h e r’s s h i r tb)以s结尾的复数名词后加’如:h i s f r i e n d s’b a g sc)不以s结尾的复数后加’s c h i l d r e n’s s h o e sl并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有,如:T o m a n d M i k e’s c a r汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’sT o m’s a n d M i k e’s c a r s汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“o f+名词”来表示所有关系：如:a p i c t u r e o f t h e c l a s s r o o m a m a p o f C h i n a二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类：(1)不定冠词：a/a n元音开头的可数名词前用a n:a n e g g/a n a p p l e/a n o r a n g e/a n e r a s e r/a n a n s w e r/a n I D c a r d/a n a l a r m c l o c k/a n a c t o r/a n a c t r e s s/a n e-m a i l/a n a d d r e s s/a n e v e n t/a n e x a m p l e/a n o p e r a/a n h o u r a n o l d m a n/a n i n t e r e s t i n gb o o k/a n e xc i t i n g s p o r t/a n a c t i o n m o v i e/a n a r t l e s s o n/ (2)定冠词：t h e定冠词的用法：(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物：T h e r u l e r i s o n t h e d e s k.(2)复述上文提到的人或物：H e h a s a s w e a t e r.T h e s w e a t e r i s n e w.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：T h e b o y s a r e n’t a t s c h o o l.(4)在序数词前：J o h n’s b i r t h d a y i s F e b r u a r y t h e s e c o n d.(5)用于固定词组中：i n t h e m o r n i n g/a f t e r n o o n/e v e n i n g不用冠词的情况：(1)专有名词前：C h i n a i s a b i g c o u n t r y.(2)名词前有定语：t h i s,t h a t,m y,y o u r,s o m e,a n y,n o等：T h i s i s m y b a s e b a l l.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事：M o n k e y s c a n’t s w i m.T h e y a r e t e a c h e r s.(4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：T o d a y i s C h r i s t m a s D a y.I t’s S u n d a y.(5)一日三餐前：W e h a v e b r e a k f a s t a t6:30.(6)球类棋类运动前：T h e y o f t e n p l a y f o o t b a l l a f t e r c l a s s.H e p l a y s c h e s s a t h o m e.*但乐器前要用定冠词：I p l a y t h e g u i t a r v e r y w e l l.(7)学科名称前：M y f a v o r i t e s u b j e c t i s m u s i c.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：T h i s i s M r L i.(9)固定词组中：a t n o o n a t n i g h t b y b u s三、代词、形容词、副词代词：人称代词，物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)m e m y(我的)复数w e(我们)u s o u r(我们的)第二人称单数y o u(你)y o u y o u r(你的)复数y o u(你们)y o u y o u r(你们的)第三人称单数h e(他)h i m h i s(他的)s h e(她)h e r h e r(她的)i t(它)i t i t s(它的)复数t h e y(他们/她们/它们)t h e m t h e i r(他们的/她们的/它们的)形容词，副词：比较级，最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词t h a n。
大学英语统考B词汇与语法结构答题技巧
大学英语统考 B 词汇与语法结构答题技巧大学英语（B）大纲的要求第三部分试题为词汇与结构。
总分为10 分，考试时间为10 分钟。
（一）词汇部分考试重点：名词，代词，介词，连词，形容词和副词，动词短语的搭配和用法。
词汇试题的正确选择在很大程度上取决于考生词汇量的大小，以及运用词汇能力的强弱。
但是了解一些解题技巧也会对考试有一定的帮助。
下面简单介绍几种词汇测试题中常见的应试技巧。
1．利用表示增加与递进关系的词这样的词包括：and, again, also，too, besides, moreover, furthermore, but, in addition to 等。
2．利用表示比较与对比关系的词这样的词包括:but, however, although, in contrast, instead of 等。
3．利用表示因果关系的词这样的词包括：because ,so, as a result, thus, consequently, therefore 等。
4.利用表示让步关系的词这类词包括：if, although, in spite of, while, whereas 等。
5.根据词法常识判断选择有些词汇测试题，从词的意义去考虑，填入多个选择项都可以。
在这种情况下，如果借助语法结构对题目进行分析，往往可以找到正确答案。
6.排除法在做词汇题时，常会遇到一时难以判断哪一个是正确答案的情况。
这时不妨从不符合题义的选项着手，将非正确答案逐一排除，剩下的多半就是正确答案。
此方法同样适用阅读理解，语法及完形填空部分的试题，在此不再一一举例。
（二）语法重点语法部分主要涵盖以下重点：动词的时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、虚拟语气，以及各种从句等。
语法重点时态1.一般现在时可以代替将来时，用于时间和条件状语从句中。
Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you it.A. finishB. are finishedC. have finishedD. are finishing 答案A。
英语语法结构与词汇1
通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。
Along the northern border of Italy ___ seen
the Alps, mighty in ____ splendor. A. are their B. is its C. are its D. is their 答案是A， 这是个倒装句。一般语序是The Alps, mighty in their splendor, are seen along the ....
关系代词
限定性 vs 非限定性 She married Joe, which surprised everyone.
This company has now introduced a policy
____ pay rises are related to performance at work.(1996, 44) Which where whether what
There ought to be less anxiety over the
perceived risk of mountain climbing than __ in the public mind today. (1999 46) A exists B exist C existing D to exist 登山具有危险性，但是由此产生的恐惧没 有像如今公众心里所想象的那么严重。
order proposal suggestion preference recommendation demand necessity request
通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主
高起专英语讲义词汇与语法结构(一)
成人高考高中起点升本、专科《英语》冲刺班考试题型专讲专练二：词汇与语法结构(1)一、词汇与语法结构题型特点这部分试题共15道小题，每题1.5分，词汇考点和语法考点比例大致相同。
根据对过去几年的试题分析对比，考点基本趋于稳定，各占1-2题的考点有：名词或动词词义（包括短语动词）辨析、介词、代词、连词用法辨析以及倒装句、祈使句、反意疑问句会有零星考到。
占分比例最高的部分是在动词各种时态、语态、非谓语形式、情态动词的辨析上。
名词或动词词义辨析、介词、代词、连词用法辨析的知识点非常琐碎，主要基于中学阶段的基础，辅导教材只是梳理了各部分知识点的理论部分，并没有给出太多语言实例。
所以在这部分试题主要从相对有规律可循的语法题上得分。
近年来随着高考英语题型的变化，成考也开始有些变化，语法题的比例在逐年缩小，日常口语和习惯用语的比例有所增加，使得考试更加倾向于实际应用，在学习过程中要注意日常口语的积累。
二、词汇与语法题型解题步骤和技巧：1．大致浏览所给四个选项和句子，迅速判断该题是语法题还是词汇题。
如果是语法题要通过一些标志词来判断该题涉及哪些语法内容。
再进一步回想该语法内容的要点。
如果是词汇题就要先看一下所给四个选项的词是否都认识。
2．在第一遍的大致浏览过程中有些题很容易就可以选出肯定的答案，情况会因人而异，有的人会做的题多有的人会做的题少。
然后再从头开始仔细看没有选出答案的题。
遵循先语法后语义的原则解题。
3．运用排除法：可采取语言排除、逻辑排除、语法排除或选择排除等方法。
先排除掉较容易、较明显的错误选项，缩小范围，而后对剩余的选项进行比较分析，最后确定答案。
4．在选定答案时要根据每题的实际情况进行综合的分析判断，采用一种或多种逻辑推理方式解题。
5. 推理技巧：主要适用于词汇题，四个选项的单词如果有三个认识一个不认识，在确定三个认识的单词都不是答案的情况下选择不认识的那一个；如果三个不认识一个认识恰好认识的这个能确定是答案，那么三个选项的单词都不认识也没有影响到答题。
高校自主招生英语备考专题--词汇与语法1(名词,形容词副词和介词)
教师辅导讲义A. deputyB. ambassadorC. representativeD. envoy13.There will be a new fleet of 11 frigates and air-warfare destroyers, equipped, like the submarines, with _______missiles.A. voyageB. cruiseC. journeyD. excursion14.I think no more significant _______ has Apollo made to history.A. effortB. attemptC. contributionD. propagation15.I accepted without_______ what he had said as true.A. reservesB. restrictionC. reservationD. definition16.As it was her first_______for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence.A. judgmentB. imprisonmentC. convictionD. penalty17.They did a_______ performance on the first night to raise money for AIDS research.A. allowanceB. compensationC. subsidyD. charity18.A new study shows that another treatment may have better results for patients who were not helped by drug _______.A. therapyB. cureC. remedyD. recipe19.Knowledge of languages is a real _______ in this sort of work.A. assetB. helpC. benefactorD. partnercation was placed firmly on the political_______ in the Prime Minister's weekend speech.A. shiftB. catalogueC. repertoireD. agenda21.People over the age of 85 make up the fastest-growing population _______.A. segmentB. pieceC. portionD. fragment22.Evidence suggested that the AIDS _______ was spreading very quickly among the heterosexual community.A. bacteriaB. organismC. fungusD. virus23.There are three _______ of accommodation —standard, executive and deluxe.A. hierarchyB. cataloguesC. categoriesD. species24.Can any actor in this sorry drama do anything to improve the _______?A. outlineB. sketchC. scriptD. draft25.This tennis tournament is open to both _______ and professionals.A. amateursB. laymenC. fencersD. boxers26.The bomb killed four soldiers and three _______.A. citizensB. populaceC. civiliansD. commonplaces27.It's her feeling that the recent outbreaks of violence are a _______of the dissatisfaction that is currently affecting our society.A. symptomB. omenC. warningD. prospect28.Life is a _______to him who thinks and a tragedy to him who feels.A. comedyB. remedyC. melodyD. tragedy29.On the back of the book there is a brief biographical _______ of the author.A. sketchB. cartoonC. cartonD. caption30.What you have just said is not in _______with what you told us yesterday.A. favorB. stepC. allianceD. accord答案与解析：1.B。
人教版九年级上册英语 Unit 4 词汇与语法基础(解析版) (1)
知识图谱Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.知识精讲一、必背词汇humorous adj. 有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的silent adj. 不说话的；沉默的helpful adj. 有用的；有帮助的score n. & v. 得分；打分background n. 背景interview v. 采访；面试n. 面试；访谈Asian adj. 亚洲的；亚洲人的n. 亚洲人dare v. 敢于；胆敢private adj. 私人的；私密的guard n. 警卫；看守v. 守卫；保卫require v. 需要；要求European adj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的British adj. 英国的；英国人的speech n. 讲话；发言ant n. 蚂蚁insect n. 昆虫influence v. & n. 影响seldom adv. 不常；很少proud adj. 自豪的；骄傲的absent adj. 缺席；不在fail v. 失败；未能（做到）examination n. 考试；审查leaf n 树叶exactly adv. 确切地；精确地pride n. 自豪；骄傲grandson n. 孙子；外孙general adj. 普遍的；常规的；总的n. 将军introduction n. 介绍二、重点词汇1. humorous adj.funny, or making you laugh幽默的；滑稽的例句：Her latest book is a humorous look at teenage life.她的新书是对青少年生活的一种幽默审视。
2. interview v.1). a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job or course面试；面谈例句：I had an interview for a job with a publisher.我参加了一家出版公司的求职面试。
翻译三级笔译综合能力-词汇和语法(一)
翻译三级笔译综合能力-词汇和语法(一)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、(总题数：100，分数：100.00)1.During the famine, many people were ______ to going without food for days.（分数：1.00）A.sunkB.reduced √C.forcedD.declined解析：[解析] reduce常与to连用，用于被动句，表示“被迫沦落为……”的意思。
如：She was reduced to begging. 她被迫乞讨。
be forced to指“强制，迫使”，不符合句意。
故答案为B。
2.The encouraging factor is that the ______ majority of people find the idea of change acceptable.（分数：1.00）A.numerousB.vast √C.mostD.massive解析：[解析] 本题考查词语搭配。
四个选项中只有vast可以与majority、搭配。
3.Am I to understand that his new post ______ no responsibility with it at all?（分数：1.00）A.keepsB.supportsC.carries √D.possesses解析：[解析] 从句意上可先排除A、B。
carry指“带有、持有(权利或凭证)”；possess“占有、拥有”，主语一般为人。
此处从句主语为post，所以答案为C。
4.At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not ______.（分数：1.00）A.on viewB.at a glanceC.on the sceneD.in sight √解析：[解析] 根据句意可判断出答案为D。
专升本《英语》词汇与语法结构
三、语法结构问题
语法结构主要是时态、语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、从句(包
future 前途，例如 a job with plenty of future 有很大发展前途的工
作，常与介词 with 搭配，且不用 considerable 来修饰; C. possibility
可能性与 D. opportunity 机遇通常不用来修饰人。
3.短语辨析
例1
In my opinion, he's
其他三项均不合乎语法要求，不予选择。
例2
To our ，Geoffrey's illness proved not to be as serious as we
had feared.
A. anxiety
B. relief C. view D. judgment
【句意】令我们感到欣慰的是，杰弗里的病不像我们担心的 那样严重。
通过英文释义去把握单词的确切内涵。
例2
The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on the lot.
A. valid
B. vain
C. vacantFra bibliotekD. vague
【句意】附近的男孩子们喜欢在那块空地上打篮球。
【精析】C 本题是一道词义辨析题。所给的四个单词从形式
【句意】 这本书旨在促进科研 与教学，尤其是研究人 员与
英语词汇与语法结构
英语词汇与语法结构
英语词汇和语法结构是学习英语的两个核心方面。
词汇指的是英语中的单词和短语，而语法结构指的是英语中句子的构成和组织方式。
英语词汇的学习包括掌握英语的基本词汇量、学习常用的短语、学习词汇的拼写和发音等。
学习词汇可以通过背诵、阅读、听力和口语练习等方式进行。
英语语法结构包括句子的基本构成要素（主语、谓语、宾语等）、时态、语态、句型转换等内容。
学习语法结构可以通过学习语法规则、做练习题、模仿和实践运用等方式进行。
掌握英语词汇和语法结构对于有效地学习和使用英语非常重要。
只有掌握了足够的词汇量和正确的语法结构，才能够进行准确和流畅的交流和表达。
因此，学习者需要经常进行词汇和语法的学习和练习，以提高自己的英语水平。
专升本英语试卷结构
专升本英语试卷结构考试时间：[X]分钟。
总分：100分。
一、词汇与语法结构（共30分，每题1.5分）（一）词汇题（15分）1. She has a great ____ for music and can play several instruments.A. interest.B. hobby.C. like.D. favor.2. It is very ____ of you to come and see me when I am ill.A. kind.B. nice.C. good.D. well.3. The new law will come into ____ next month.A. effect.B. use.C. service.4. I can't ____ what he was hinting at.A. figure out.B. look out.C. break out.D. take out.5. His speech was so ____ that it made me feel sleepy.A. bored.B. boring.C. interested.D. interesting.6. We should make full use of every ____ to practice our English.A. chance.B. opportunity.C. case.D. situation.7. The doctor advised him to ____ smoking for the sake of his health.A. give in.B. give up.C. give away.8. The old man has a large ____ of stamps.A. collection.B. collector.C. collecting.D. collective.9. It was raining heavily, but ____ of them brought an umbrella.A. none.B. no one.C. all.D. both.10. I'm not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, soI can't make a(n) ____ promise to help you.A. exact.B. defined.C. definite.D. sure.（二）语法题（15分）11. If I ____ you, I would take an umbrella with me.A. am.B. was.C. were.D. be.12. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ____ here for two days.A. will have stayed.B. shall stay.C. have been staying.D. have stayed.13. It was not until she had arrived home ____ remembered her appointment with the doctor.A. when she.B. that she.C. and she.D. she.14. ____ hard he tries, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.A. Whatever.B. Whenever.C. Wherever.D. However.15. The book is ____ more difficult than the one I recommended to you.A. rather.B. much.C. very.D. so.16. She is not the woman ____ she was.A. that.B. which.C. who?D. whom.17. I don't like ____ you speak to her.A. the way.B. the way in that.C. the way which.D. the way of which.18. There are a lot of ____ in the zoo.A. deers.B. deer.C. a deer.D. deer's.19. The number of students in our school ____ increasing year by year.A. are.B. is.C. has been.D. have been.20. He is so lazy that he ____ gets up before 10 o'clock in the morning.A. always.B. usually.C. often.D. hardly.二、阅读理解（共40分，每题2分）Passage 1.The Internet has become part of teenage life. There's a report on 3,375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities. It says that 38percent of them believe they use the Internet often. While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way. Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit Web sites they should not look at. Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet.In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, atextbook on good Internet behavior has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term. It uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet. The book gives useful advice such as it'sgood to read news or find helpful information to study. Some students also make online friends. But it warns students that they should be careful when making friends online.The book gives some good advice:- Don't give your real name, family address or phone number to strangers.- Don't exchange photos of yourself with people you meet online.- Don't go to meet a person you have met online alone.1. From the report, about how many students between 10 - 18 years old in the seven cities use the Internet often?A. 1,280.B. 1,015.C. 2,300.D. 3,375.2. What do most of the students do on the Internet?A. They get useful information to help in their studies.B. They play online games.C. They visit Web sites they should not look at.D. They make online friends.3. Why has a textbook on good Internet behavior been used in Shanghai middle schools?A. Because students have met a lot of problems when using the Internet.B. Because students need to know how to use the Internet in a good way.C. Because students are spending too much time on the Internet.D. Because students don't know how to make online friends.4. What advice does the textbook give on making online friends?A. Don't give your real name, family address or phone number to strangers.B. Don't exchange photos of yourself with people you meet online.C. Don't go to meet a person you have met online alone.D. All of the above.Passage 2.In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives acall during sleeping hours, he assumes it's a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.In social life, time plays a very important role. In the U.S.A., guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other parts of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten.The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S., no one would think of keeping a businessassociate waiting for an hour. It would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to make a short apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps hewill not complete the sentence.5. What is the main idea of this passage?A. It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S.B. The role of time in social life over the world.C. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or notfully responsible in the U.S.D. Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.6. Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at dawn, this would mean ____.A. the matter is of value.B. the matter is somewhat important.C. the matter requires immediate attention.D. it is a matter of life or death.7. According to this passage, time plays an important role in ____.A. everyday life.B. private life.C. communication.D. social life.8. The best title for this passage is "____".A. The Voices of Time.B. Time to Telephone.C. The Importance of Time.D. Time and Tide Wait for No Man.Passage 3.When you are in another country, it is important to know the language, but it is equally important to know how to communicate non - verbally(不用语言地), before saying anything, people communicate non - verbally or by making gestures. According to an expert, our bodies send out more messages than we realize. In fact, non - verbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really mean. And body language is particularly important when we attempt to communicate across cultures.For example, in Western culture, when people are talking, they usually maintain good eye contact. That is, they look directly into each other's eyes. To Westerners, this is a sign of a positive and friendly attitude. However, in some Asian cultures, such as in Japan, people avoid long periods of eye contact. This is considered more polite.Another example is about distance between people who are talking. In North America, people usually like to stand about an arm's length away from each other while talking. However, in some Middle Eastern cultures, people stand very close to each other while talking. This is considered more friendly.So, when you are in another country, you have to be aware of these differences in body language in order to communicate successfully.9. The underlined word "gestures" in the first paragraph means ____.A. body movements.B. simple words.C. pens or pencils.D. handshakes.10. According to the passage, non - verbal communication ____.A. is not important.B. is less important than verbal communication.C. takes up about 50% of what we really mean.D. is the only way to communicate.11. In Western culture, people usually maintain good eye contact when talking because ____.A. they are not polite.B. they are interested in what you are saying.C. they want to show they are positive and friendly.D. they are not listening to you.12. Which of the following is True according to the passage?A. Asians are more positive and friendly than Westerners.B. In Western culture, people usually stand very close to each other while talking.C. In some Middle Eastern cultures, people avoid long periods of eye contact.D. Body language is very important when we attempt to communicate across cultures.三、完型填空（共15分，每题1.5分）One day a police officer managed to get some fresh mushrooms(蘑菇). He was so 1 that he decided to share the mushrooms with his fellow officers. When their breakfast arrived the next day, each officer found some mushrooms on his plate."Let the dog 2 a piece first," suggested one 3 officer who was afraid that the mushrooms might be poisonous.The dog seemed to 4 his mushrooms, and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 5 quite pleasant taste.An hour 6, however, they were all astonished 7 the gardener rushed in and said 8 the dog was dead. 9, the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the 10 hospital. Pumps(洗胃器) were used and the officers had a very 11 time getting rid of the mushrooms that 12 in their stomachs.When they 13 to the police station, they sat down and started to 14 the mushroom poisoning. Each man explained the pains that he had felt and they agreed that 15 had grown worse on their way to the hospital.1. A. sure.B. careless.C. pleased.D. disappointed.2. A. check.B. smell.C. try.D. examine.3. A. frightened.B. shy.C. cheerful.D. careful.4. A. refuse.B. hate.C. want.D. enjoy.5. A. besides.B. but.C. and.D. or.6. A. later.B. after.C. past.D. over.7. A. until.B. while.C. before.D. when?8. A. that.B. why?C. what?D. which.9. A. Immediately.B. Carefully.C. Suddenly.D. Slowly.10. A. animal.C. plant.D. nearest.11. A. hard.B. busy.C. exciting.D. unforgettable.12. A. stopped.B. dropped.C. settled.D. remained.13. A. hurried.B. drove.C. went.D. returned.14. A. study.B. discuss.C. record.D. remember.15. A. this.C. it.D. they.四、写作（共15分）请以“Healthy Lifestyle”为题写一篇不少于100字的短文。
四川省2022统招专升本英语真题(附答案和解析)
四川省2022年普通高校专升本考试大学英语注意事项：1.本试卷考试时间为120分钟，满分100分。
2.本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。
3.应考者必须在指定范围内作答，答在草稿纸上无效。
4.选择题部分必须使用2B铅笔，非选择题部分必须使用黑色或者蓝色签字笔。
第一部分选择题一、词汇与语法结构（Vocabulary and Structure）：本大题共30小题，每题0.5分，共15分。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
1.It is reported that president will have dinner with_President O’Connor tomorrow.A.the;theB.a;aC.the;/D./;/2.Considering the changeable weather,when to hold the sports meeting is stilldiscussion.A.inB.onC.underD.during3.It's only from my school to the bookstore.A.ten minutes walkB.ten minutes’walkC.ten-minutes walkD.ten-minutes’walk4.Put on your coat you’ll catch cold.A.andB.neitherC.orD.nor5.No sooner had he sat down somebody knocked on the door.A.whenB.thanC.thatD.as6.Although hard,Jack is trying to give up the of smoking.A.customB.traditionC.mannerD.habit7.The manager together with some workers visiting the new company now.A.areB.isC.have beenD.has been8.Several pretty girls are chatting next door,but are known to me.A.neitherB.noneC.no oneD.all9.The WHO couldn’t to cure the disease within a few years.A.guaranteeB.ensureC.assumeD.confirm10.Without a(n)medical certificate,a tourist is not allowed to visit the city.A.validB.effectiveC.valuableD.efficient11.It is said that the writer his new book by the end of this year.A.will finishedB.will be finishedC.will have finishedD.will have been finished12.—I forgot to bring my cell phone,could I use yours?—Yes,you.A.canB.couldC.shouldD.might13.Some mountain areas,the terrible road condition,are hard to arrive.A.but forB.in spite ofC.with regard toD.due to14.Is this place of interest they visited a couple of weeks ago?A.whichB.thatC.on whichD.the one15.The Local Red Cross launched an the public to give blood to the victims of the disaster.A.appeal toB.approach toB.approve of D.appreciation for16.—Will you keep in touch with me after graduation?—.A.AbsolutelyB.ExtremelyC.ActuallyD.Eventually17.If you had done your homework yesterday,you how to answer the question now.A.knowB.knewC.will knowD.would know18.Poor she was,she never accepted anything for nothing.A.althoughB.thoughC.soD.yet19.is known to us is that Profession Jackson has been popular with the students.A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As20.They must have met with their guests last night,?A.haven’t theyB.didn’t theyC.mustn’t theyD.couldn’t they21.He promised his wife that he would get the money back.A.somehowB.somewhatC.some timeD.sometimes22.Special allowances were to the employees who had worked overtime.A.distributedB.deliveredC.demonstratedD.discounted23.A lot of materials you could use in class discussion are freely on the Internet.A.averageB.adequateC.availableD.abstract24.--The dish is delicious.--Yes,but don’t eat.A.too much;too muchB.much too;too muchC.too much;much tooD.much too;much too25.He from the screen of the laptop when I entered his room.A.looked intoB.looked onC.looked forD.looked up26.Margret,you should practice as much as you can the oral English competition.A.winB.to winC.winningD.won27.The other data worth is the result of the survey of customers.A.noticedB.noticingC.being noticedD.notice28.The group of three girls and six boys completed the task successfully.A.consistingB.dreamingC.involvingD.engaging29.a little more careful,he might have avoided the mistakes.A.If he wasB.If he has beenC.Had he beenD.Should he be30.You need to know it is important to the topic while you are giving a speech.A.keep offB.keep onC.keep upD.keep to二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）本大题共20小题，每题2分，共40分。
英语语法与词汇(一)
英语语法与词汇（一）1. jet off 喷出；飞往jet off to sp./sth. jet off to America 飞往美国jet off to a conference 动身去参加一个会议2. 不构成因果时不用because，用where……John has jetted off to America where he is believed to have pleased the agencies in Los Angeles.3. recently 可加现在完成时，一般过去时4. be announced as the face of a new Chanel campaign被宣布担任香奈儿的新广告的形象代言人5. source n.知情人士，提供消息的人士6. debut n.演员首次演出make one's debut on sth. 在…上首次亮相make one's modelling debut on the cover of7. land a job as … 找到了一份…工作land one's first official fashion campaign 拍摄某人第一个真正意义上的广告8. sign with sb. 与…签约9. although: Now he has been encouraged to look into a Hollywood career which he is very excited about although he is yet to sign with an agent.10. show-showed-shown11. 现在进行时：There are some 40 collections that are being shown at the new museum.12. when sb. grow up 不用after!13. over the last…years 不确定时态over the past…years 现完long before 在很久以前long after 在很久以后固定搭配！！！Americans keep eating long after the French would have stopped.14. what只在表语从句中和人相当But they all reveal a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you what/who they are.He is no longer what he used to be.15. keep sb. aligned with 使某人与…保持一致keep you aligned with your environment align oneself with sb./sth. 公开支持16. crestfallen a. 沮丧的，垂头丧气的17. nowhere ad. 任何地方都不；一点也不，远不get nowhere 一事无成be nowhere near filled 远远没有填满18. mourn vi. 哀痛vt. 为…而悲伤遗憾mourn our fate 悲叹我们的命运cemetery n.公墓，墓地19. miserly a.（人）小气的≈ mean；（数量）极少的miserly grants 少得可怜的补助金meanness n.20. Brazilian Cn巴西人21. business cards 名片22. outright a./ad. 彻底地；直截了当地，毫不客气地；(一下子，马上)avoid disagreeing outright 避免直接的冲突、碰撞win outright 取得干脆利落、十分彻底的胜利23. be +adj. + of be tolerant of be protective of/towards sb. ＝protect 保护be respectful of private lives 尊重私人生活24. expertise n.专门技能，专业知识share one's expertise25. authenticate vt.证明…是真实的，鉴定a uthentic sth. as… 证明…确是…authenticate the story as O. Henry's26. how sth. may affect …27. 给两根横线，强调前者instead of，other thanHe dec ided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop instead of/other than suggesting how to avoid food.28. a big cast 强大的演员阵容29. rookie Cn.新手30. chubby a.丰满的，圆胖的chubby cheeks31. inspiration n.灵感；启发，鼓舞seek inspiration the source of inspirationunder the inspiration of32. Predictions have been around for 20 decades but have not yet come to fruition.33. concept n.认知层面的理念，观念34. resume vi./vt. 重新开始，再继续vt.重新获得resume one's duties 重新履职resume negotiations 重启对话resume diplomatic relations 恢复邦交关系resume doing sth.resume with sth.35. steal vt./vi. 偷，窃取steal（sth.）from one's account36. benefit vi. 受益，获益vt.有益于n.好处，益处benefit from 从…中获益profit from 从…中获利37. chip n.电脑芯片；薯条38. trail vt./vi. 落后（于）trail sb. 落后于某人vi. 没精打采地跟着trail around after usvt./vi. （被）拖，拉The dress trails behind her.n.足迹，踪迹；痕迹；小径；路径39. sphere n.球体；（活动）范围40. a long-awaited dream41. in one's young/middle/late fifties42. term n.学期；任期；条款，协议carry the baby to term 生下这个孩子；让孩子来到这个世界43. wear sb. down 让某人焦头烂额、疲惫不堪Worn down by…44. bring shame to/on sb. Shame on you for doing sth!45. painful a. 痛苦的；疼痛的sorry a. 感到遗憾的，难过的（关心被人疾苦）46. pressing a. 紧迫的，亟待解决的；恳切的a pressing invitation one of the most pressing problems of the day47. disseminate propaganda 散播宣传信息48. large attendance 很多的出席人数，很高的上座率49. perform vt.执行，履行；演奏，表演vi. 执行；表演；运转performance n.性能50. brand vt.烙…（于）n.烙印；商标，牌子brand sth. on one's mind51. iron n.铁元素take some iron from beans and nuts52. Italy's fashion capital 意大利的时尚中心53. combine A and B combine singing, dancing and acrobatics54. 分号“；”表示前后关联的两句句子The same costume can be used in different shows；however, it will represent a different character.55. represent vt. 象征，代表，表示A yellow and white face represents someone who is dishonest.56. desire vi./vt. 渴望；想要；愿望n.欲望；要求；心愿desire to keep the art of Chinese opera alivedesire a positive vision for one’s life 希望对未来的生活积极乐观57. attempt n.企图；尝试58. a full-time/part-time job59. since prep./conj. adv. 从那时到现在；此后统统+完成时Since noticing the problem, I have tried some ways to make some changes.prep.什么时候Since when did he listen to me? 他什么时候听过我的话。
专插本英语 词汇与语法结构(一)
10. There____some letters_____be dilivered.
A. are ; to C. is; to
答案：A
B. are; at D. is; at
11. I agree with him ____, but not entirely.
A. untial a certain point B. to some point C. to some extent D.in a certain extent
5.___the help of their team,we should not have succeeded. a、As for b、 As to c、 Unless d本不会成
as for /as to至于,就……方面说 but for = without
答案：D
将来完成时：表示将来某时刻之前已经完成的动作。 将来完成进行时: 谓语动词必须是延续性的动词。
18. The activity was delayed, ____was exactly _____ we wanted. A. which; what B. which; which C. that; what D. that; that
23. All _____ you can do to comfort her is to listen to her story patiently. A. what B. that C. which D. things
B. shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are
答案：B A survey 是真正的主语,因此用 shows , they also admit several hours of sitting in front of the computer是一个 整体的事件,用单数.
语言学中的语法与词汇
语言学中的语法与词汇语言学是研究人类语言的科学，它包括对语言结构和语言使用的研究。
其中，语法和词汇是语言学两个重要的分支。
本文将介绍语言学中的语法和词汇，并探讨它们在语言学研究中的重要性。
一、语法语法是研究语言结构和句子构建规则的学科。
它研究的是语言中的句子、短语和词汇之间的关系，以及这些关系如何通过规则来构建。
在语法研究中，常着重研究句子的句法结构，即句子中各成分之间的关系。
1. 句法结构句法结构描述了句子中各个词和短语的组合方式。
在不同的语言中，句子的结构可能会有所不同。
例如，在英语中，句子结构通常遵循主谓宾的形式，而在汉语中，句子结构则更加灵活多样。
通过研究句法结构，我们可以更好地理解不同语言之间的差异。
2. 语法规则语法规则指的是构成语言的一系列规则和原则，用于指导句子的构建和解读。
在语法研究中，有两种常见的语法形式：生成语法和转换语法。
生成语法是通过规则来生成合乎语法规则的句子，而转换语法则是通过一系列转换规则来得到句子的不同结构。
二、词汇词汇是语言学中另一个重要的研究领域，它研究的是语言中的词汇单位，包括词的形态、意义和用法。
词汇是语言中最基本的单位，而且词汇的选择和使用对于语言的表达具有重要意义。
1. 词的形态词的形态指的是词的结构形式和各种形态变化。
在不同语言中，词的形态可能会呈现出不同的特点。
例如，在英语中，词的形态变化主要体现在词的时态和语态上，而在汉语中，词的形态变化则更多涉及到音变、声调等方面。
2. 词的意义和用法词的意义和用法是指词在语言中的具体含义和用途。
不同的词拥有不同的意义和用法，在不同的语境中可能会产生不同的引申或隐含意义。
通过研究词的意义和用法，我们可以更好地理解语言中的词汇选择和表达方式。
三、语法与词汇在语言学研究中的重要性语法和词汇是语言学研究中的两个基石，它们相互交织，共同构成了语言的基本要素。
以下是它们在语言学研究中的重要性：1. 语言描述与解释语法和词汇的研究可以帮助我们对语言进行描述和解释。
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成人高考高中起点升本、专科《英语》冲刺班
考试题型专讲专练二：词汇与语法结构(1)
一、词汇与语法结构题型特点
这部分试题共15道小题，每题1.5分，词汇考点和语法考点比例大致相同。
根据对过去几年的试题分析对比，考点基本趋于稳定，各占1-2题的考点有：名词或动词词义（包括短语动词）辨析、介词、代词、连词用法辨析以及倒装句、祈使句、反意疑问句会有零星考到。
占分比例最高的部分是在动词各种时态、语态、非谓语形式、情态动词的辨析上。
名词或动词词义辨析、介词、代词、连词用法辨析的知识点非常琐碎，主要基于中学阶段的基础，辅导教材只是梳理了各部分知识点的理论部分，并没有给出太多语言实例。
所以在这部分试题主要从相对有规律可循的语法题上得分。
近年来随着高考英语题型的变化，成考也开始有些变化，语法题的比例在逐年缩小，日常口语和习惯用语的比例有所增加，使得考试更加倾向于实际应用，在学习过程中要注意日常口语的积累。
二、词汇与语法题型解题步骤和技巧：
1．大致浏览所给四个选项和句子，迅速判断该题是语法题还是词汇题。
如果是语法题要通过一些标志词来判断该题涉及哪些语法内容。
再进一步回想该语法内容的要点。
如果是词汇题就要先看一下所给四个选项的词是否都认识。
2．在第一遍的大致浏览过程中有些题很容易就可以选出肯定的答案，情况会因人而异，有的人会做的题多有的人会做的题少。
然后再从头开始仔细看没有选出答案的题。
遵循先语法后语义的原则解题。
3．运用排除法：可采取语言排除、逻辑排除、语法排除或选择排除等方法。
先排除掉较容易、较明显的错误选项，缩小范围，而后对剩余的选项进行比较分析，最后确定答案。
4．在选定答案时要根据每题的实际情况进行综合的分析判断，采用一种或多种逻辑推理方式解题。
5. 推理技巧：主要适用于词汇题，四个选项的单词如果有三个认识一个不认识，在确定三个认识的单词都不是答案的情况下选择不认识的那一个；如果三个不认识一个认识恰好认识的这个能确定是答案，那么三个选项的单词都不认识也没有影响到答题。
以此类推。
三、解题过程中的注意事项：
1.解题时有些是看句子里的关键信息词就可以解题，这个词可能在下划线的左边或右边，也有个别还需要看左右两边，这部分试题主要集中于语法题和词汇题的固定搭配部分。
所以看题不要马上先翻译句子意思，要根据情况在需要时再翻译以节省考试时间。
2.在选定答案时要根据每题的实际情况进行综合的分析判断，采用一种或多种逻辑推理方式解题。
四、词汇专项练习：
1．The football match was ______ because of heavy rain.
A. played
B. held
C. cancelled
D. continued
答案：C
解析：动词词义辨析，根据语意，需要翻译句子。
2．--- Hello, this is Linda speaking, May I speak to Jim?
---Yes, _________.
A. it is
B. speaking
C.I am Jim
D. that’s me
答案：B
解析：日常口语会话，习惯表达，不需要翻译句子。
3．The stone was so heavy that it was difficult for the old man to ____ it.
A. lift
B. reach
C. rise
D. touch
答案：A
解析：动词词义辨析，根据语意，需要翻译句子。
4．When we saw his face，we knew _______ was bad.
A. the news
B. some news
C. a news
D. news
答案：A
解析：冠词的用法，根据四个选项进行判断。
5．At the peak of his ____，he was appointed chairman of the board of the big company.
A. work
B. job
C. task
D. career
答案：D
解析：名词同义词辨析，根据语意，需要翻译句子。
6．What would you ________ to eat tonight？
A. like
B. wish
C. want
D. hope
答案：A
解析：日常口语会话，固定搭配的表达方式。
7．Most students didn't ____ what he had said in class.
A. answer
B. reply
C. listen
D. catch
答案：D
解析：动词词义辨析，根据语意，需要翻译句子。