语法复习专项：定语从句

＊定义 ＊关系代词、关系副词的用法 ＊限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句 ＊ as引导的定语从句 ＊常见考点 ＊解题步骤 ＊巩固练习
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句 叫定语从句;相当于名词和形容词的作用。 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系代词或 关系副词
eg: Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?
The reason (_w_h__ic_h_/_th_a_t_) he gave us was quite reasonable. d His father works in a factory _w_h_e_r_e radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory _w_h_i_c_h_/t_h_a_t makes radio parts.
This is the very book that I want to find.
(5) 当先行词既指人又指物时 She described in her compositions the people
and places that impressed her most. (6) 当主句是以which/who开头的特殊疑问句时
She is the only girl (that) I know who can play the guitar.
关系副词when, where, why的用法 关系副词一般都等于一个适当的介词＋which， 在从句中作状语。
when= in/at/on/during…+which where= in/at/on/…+which why=for +which 1 Do you still remember the day _w_h_e_n_ we went to visit
(1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行 词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可 用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不 完整。
This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
【2】“复合介词短语+关系代词” 这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号
分开，从句常用倒装语序 He lived in a big house, in front of which s_t_o_o_d__
_a_b_i_g_t_a_l_l _tr_e_e__(耸立一棵大树).
【3】介词+which / whom+不定式结构
(2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明， 没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因 而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完 整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常 用逗号与主句隔开。
This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.
考点2 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词 只能用which / whom / whose
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. Recently I bought an vase, the price of which was very reasonable. Mr Smith, in whose department she worked, came to see her.
the museum together?
2 This is the factory _w_h_e_r_e__/_i_n__w_h_i_c_h_ my father once
worked.
3 This is the reason _w_h_y__/_f_o_r__w_h_i_c_h_ he was late.
That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
关系代词和关系副词的作用 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
eg 1 Those who want to go please sign your names here.
2 This is the house where he was born. 3 Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot
(2) 当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词 时
He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. 注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that…
He that promises too much means nothing. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。 Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?
Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the girl that is talking there? (7) 在there be 句型结构中 There is still a point that I can’t understand. (8) 定语从句中缺少表语时 China is not the country that it used to be.
of questions.
关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose） 的指代关系
指人
who
√
whom √
which
that
√
whose √
指物
√ √ √
在定语从句中的 作用
主语 （宾语）
宾语
主语 宾语
主语 宾语 定语
在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系 词可用which或that，二者常可以互换； 但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：
(1) 当先行词是不定代词all, a lot, few, much, none, anything, nothing等或被不定代词all, any, no, much, little, few, every所修饰时。 1. All that can be done has been done. 2. We heard clearly every word that he said.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有： who, whom, whose, which, as, when 和 where 不可以用that和why
另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列 句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常 用并列句或简单句来表达。
I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.
考点1 关系代词和关系副词的选用
在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语 从句的成分， 若从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语 ，必须 用关系代词 若从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语，必须用 关系副词
a This is the place _w_h_e_r_e_/_i_n_w__h_ic_h_ he works. This is the place _(w__h_ic_h_/_th_a_t_) we visited last year.
(3)两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具 有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性， 这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。
His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个） His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个）
(4) 在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了 明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
I was the only person in my office who was invited. (5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词， 第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：
1 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 2 Let’s discuss only such questions as concern every one of us. 3 Would you please buy me the same novel as you bought for brother yesterday, Mum? 4 As we all know, John is an honest man. 5 This is so difficult a problem as nobody in my class can work out.
b That was the time _w_h_e_n_ he arrived. Do you still remember the days(_w_h_i_c_h_/t_h_a_t)we spent
together? c This is the reason _w_h_y__/ _fo_r__w_h_i_c_h he went.
This is so difficult a problem that nobody in my
class can work it out.
状语从句
比较：
Your dictionary is the same one Байду номын сангаасs I bought
the other day.
不是同一本
The dictionary is the same one that I lent you. 同一本书
在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时， 关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。 但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：
(1) 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody 等词时 He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.
比较：
This is such a difficult problem as nobody in
my class can work out. 定语从句
This is such a difficult problem that nobody in
my class can work it out. 状语从句
= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.
关系代词as可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从 句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；引导限 制性定语从句常用于下列句式： such+名词+as… so+形容词+名词+as… 像…一样的，像…之类的 the same+名词+as… 和…同样的
(2) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 The first thing that should be done is to get
the tickets. (3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高 级所修饰时
Is that the best that you can do? (4) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。