最新2019英语语言学期末试题练习+答案.docx

最新 2019 英语语言学期末试题练习+ 答案
Ⅰ. Matching
Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions
in Column B.
Column A
1.最新 2019英语8.mistakes17.
语言学期末试题9.interlanguage18.context
练习 +答案10.motivation19.blending
ngue11.arbitrariness20.culture
3.suprasegmental feature12.21.learning strategies
4.deep structure13.broad transcription22.selectional restrictions
5.predication analysis14.morphology23.phrase structure rules
6.idiolect15.category24.culture diffusion
7.pidgin16.errors
最新 2019 英语语言学期末试题练习+ 答案
A. Learners ’ indepentdesystem of the second language， which is of neither the native
language nor the second language， but a continuum or approximation from his native
language to the target language. 9
B.Learner ’ s attitudes and affective state or learning drive， having a strong impact on his
efforts n learning a second language. 21
C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23
D.24
E. 6
F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who
speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7
G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents-
---- arguments and predicates. 5
H. They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.22
I. The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’ s propertiessubcategorization.
4
J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3
K.The study of the internal structure of words ， and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14
L. 2
nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.
It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1
N.Learner ’conscious， goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10
O.20
P.18
Q. .19
R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language，
such as a sentence， a noun phrase or a verb. 15
S.17
T.The ideal user’ s knowledge of the rules of his language12.
U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11
V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13
W. They reflect gaps in a learner’ s knowledge of the target，languagenotself-corrigible.16
X. They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8
Ⅱ.Blank-filling.
Fill in the following blanks with a word ， whose initial letter has been given.
1. “ A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation is a good illustration of the
a____ nature of language. Arbitrary
2.The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; the
description of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic
3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user Competence’
4._. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction
5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are
called the a____ of the phoneme.Allophone
6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. They
are said to be in c____ distribution.
7.When pitch ， stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation，
they are collectively known as i____. Intonation
8. The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.Minimum
9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammatical
markers， signifying such concepts as tense， number， case and so on. Inflectional
10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head，
specifier ， and c____. Complement
11.Concerning the study of meaning ，conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link
between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather ， in the interpretation of meaning they
are linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept
12. The sense relation between“ animal” and“ dog” hyponymyiscalled____.
13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.
Polysemy
14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning
the c____ of use is taken into consideration. Context
15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.Sociolect
16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials o f “ World Health Organization Acronym”.
17.According to Halliday ， language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.
The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r____.
Register
18.Diffusion
19.Subconsciously
nguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. Acquisition
21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called”， which is a “v
feature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice
22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s____ features.
Suprasegmental
23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for word f____.
Formation
24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____. Morpheme
25.The sense relation between autumn”“ and fall“” is calleds____. Synonym
26. H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form，
i.e. ， different words are identical in sound or spelling ， or in both. Homonymy
27.Implicature
28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “ SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome ”. Acronym
29.I____ is a personal dialect of an indi Idiolect
30. RP， the short form of“ R____ Pronunciation” refers to the particular way of pronouncing
standard English. Received
Ⅲ .Multiple choice.
Choose the best answer to the following items.
1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.
A. N. Chomsky
B. F. de Saussure
C. Leonard Bloomfield
D. M. A. K. Halliday
2.In the scope of linguistics ， ____ form the part of language which links together the sound
pattern and meaning.
A. morphology and syntax
B. phonetics and semantics
C. semantics and syntax
D. morphology and semantics
3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer’，s point.e.，of howview the sounds are perceived
by the hearer.
A. auditory phonetics
B. acoustic phonetics
C. articulatory phonetics
4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop? ____
A. god
B. boss
C. cock
D. dog
5.Which of the following words ends with a dental， voiceless fricative? ____
A. rose
B. wave
C. cloth
D. massage
6.Which of the following words contains a back，open and unrounded vowel? ____
A. god
B. boot
C. walk
D. task
7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound? _____
A. [h]
B. [k]
C. [g]
D. [?]
8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair?____
A. bat ， bite
B. kill ， pill
C. peak， pig，
D. meat， seat
9.Which of the following is an open class words?____
A. email
B. but
C. the
D. they
10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphemes except
____.
A. paints
B. painter
C. painted
D. painting
11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes? ____
A. psychophysics
B. boyfriends
C. forefather
D. undesirability
12.The pair of words“ dead and alive” is called ____.
A. gradable antonyms
B. relational opposites
13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms?____
A. torch & flashlight
B. die & decease
C. amaze & astound
D. luggage & baggage
14.X: John has given up smoking.
Y:John used to smoke.
The sense relation between the above sentences is ____
A. X entails Y
B. X presupposes Y
C. X is synonymous with Y
D. X is inconsistent with Y
15.X: My father has been to London.
Y:My father has been to UK.
The sense relation between the above sentences is ____
A. X entails Y
B. X presupposes Y
C. X is synonymous with Y
D. X is inconsistent with Y
16.
A. impolite
B. incorrect
C. indirect
D. unclear
17.According to Searl ’ s classification of speech， actswhich of the following is an instance of
directives? ____
A.I fire you!
B.Your money or your life!
C.I ’ m sorry for the mess I have made.
D.I have never seen the man before.
18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?
A. tree
B. crash
C. typewriter
D. bang
19.The word “ Kodak ” is a(n) ____.
A. blend
B. coined word
C. clipped word
D. acronym
20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means of clipping?_____
A. memo
B. motel
C. quake
D. gym
21.
A. subject
B. role
C. situation
D. means
22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes that language learning is
simply a matter of imitation and habit formation? ____.
A. The behaviorist view
B. The innatist view
C. The interactionist view
D. The cognitive theory
23.Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization? ____.
A.Jane told me to give up smoking.
B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.
C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.
D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.
24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen? ____.
A.Critical Period Hypothesis
B. Input Hypothesis
nguage Acquisition Device Hypothesis
D. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative Principles?
A.Paul Grice
B. John Searle
C. Krashen
D. Leech
26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammar?
A. F. de Saussure
B. N. Chomsky
C. G. Leech
D. M. A. K. Halliday
27..
B. A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin... creole
C. C. regional dialect... sociolect
D. sociolect ... regional dialect
28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker’，s point.e.，ofhowviewa speaker uses his speech
organs to articulate speech sounds.
A. Auditory phonetics
B. Acoustic phonetics
C. Articulatory phonetics
29.We know the verb “put ”requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv，. theThusprocess of
putting words of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntactic
characteristic is called.
A. categorization B . subcategorization
C. syntactic categories
D. coordination
30. Which of the following words contains a front ， close and unrounded vowel? ____
A. bad
B. bed
C. beat
D. but
31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes except
____.
A . faster B. writer C. lovely D. conversion
32.Which of the following is an open class words?____
A. email
B. but
C. the
D. they
33.The pair of words borrow“ and lend ” is called ___.
A. gradable antonyms B . relational opposites
34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as collocational synonyms?____
A. torch & flashlight
B. pretty & handsome
C. amaze & astound
D. luggage & baggage
35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.
Y: My sister is a married woman.
The sense relation between the above sentences is ____
A. X entails Y
B. X presupposes Y
C. X is synonymous with Y
D. X is inconsistent with Y
36.X: John married a blond heiress.
Y:John married a blond.
The sentence relation between X and Y is ____
A. X entails Y
B. X presupposes Y
C. X is synonymous with Y
D. X is contradictory with Y
37. According to Searl’ s classification of speech，actswhich of the following is Not an instance
of directives? ____
A. Open the window!
B. Your money or your life!
C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?
D.I have never seen the man before.
38.The word “ brunch ” is a(n) ____.
A. blend
B. coined word
C. clipped word
D. acronym
39.
A. subject
B. role
C. situation
D. means
40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is
known as a( n)
A. derivational morpheme
B. free morpheme
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free form
41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically
programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking? ____.
A.The behaviorist view
B.The innatist view
C.The interactionist view
D.The cognitive theory
42. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as.
A. glottis
B. vocal cavity
C. pharynx
D. uvula
43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by Eric Lenneberg? ____.
A. Critical Period Hypothesis
B.Input Hypothesis
nguage Acquisition Device Hypothesis
D.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
44.Morphemes that represent tense， number， gender and case are called ____morpheme.
A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational
45. There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalization?
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
nguage is
A. instinctive
B. non-instinctive
C. static
D. genetically transmitted
47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.
A. intonation
B. tone
C. pronunciation
D. voice
48.Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?
A.[z]
B.[w]
C.[e]
D.[v]
49.21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?
A. [n]
B.[m]
C.[b]
D. [p]
50.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?
A. [i:]
B. [u]
C. [e]
D. [i]
51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?
A.Voiceless
B. Voiced
C. Glottal stop
D. Consonant
52. When a child uses “ mummy” to refer to any woman ，most probably his “ mummy”
means.
A. + Human
B. + Human + Adult
C. + Human + Adult–Male
D. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent
53.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day ， eight days a week." obviously violates
the maxim of ______.
A. quality
B. quantity
C. relation
D. manner
54.The pair of words“ north ” and“ south ” is ___.
A. gradable opposites
B. relational opposites
C. co-hyponyms
D. synonyms
55.Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of cross-association?
A. other / another
B. much / many
C. stalagmite / stalagtite
D. bow / bow
56.describes whether a proposition is true or false.
A. Truth
B. Truth value
C. Truth condition
D. Falsehood
57."John sent Mary a post card." is a case of
A. one-place predication
B. two-place predication
C. three-place predication
D. no-place predication
58."John killed Bill but Bill didn't die" is a( n)
A. entailment
B. presupposition
C. anomaly
D. contradiction
59.refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in the meaning and in the
part of speech.
A. Blending
B. Back-formation
C. Clipping
D. Conversion
60.Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of general linguistics?
A. sound
B. structure
C. meaning
D. application
Ⅳ.True of false judgment.
Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding
bracket for a true statement and F for a false one.
1.Linguistics studies languages in general ， but not any particular language ， e.g. English ，
Chinese， Arabic ， and Latin ， etc. T
2.Modern linguistics regards the written language as the natural or primary medium of
human language. F
3.In narrow transcription ， we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only while in
broad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with the
diacritics. T
4.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language. T
5.T
6.Of the three phonetics branches ， the longest established one ， and until recently the most
highly developed ， is acoustic phonetics. F
7.The meaning of the word “ seal in”the sentence “ theseal could not be found ”cannot be
determined unless the context in which the sentence occurs is restored. T
8.An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmed
for language. T
9.According to co-operative principle ， the conversational participants have to strictly observe
the four maxims ， so that the conversation can go on successfully. F
10.The same word may stir up different association in people under different cultural background.
T
11.T
12. F
13.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. T
14. Since there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds ， language is absolutely
arbitrary. F
15.Vowels may be distinguished as front，central and back according to the manner of articulation.
F
16.Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language
teaching and learning. F
17. F
18.All the affixes belong to bound morphemes. T
19.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the primary meaning of the word. T
20. According to the innatist view of language acquisition，only when the language is modified
and adjusted to the level of children F’
21.T
22.According to Austin ， the performative utterance is used to perform an action， it also has truth
value. F
23.Children can learn their native language well whenever they start and whatever kinds of
language samples they receive. F
24.Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that language
has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings. T
25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations
while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. F
Ⅴ.Give a short answer to each of the following questions.
1.Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of word meaning. What
are they and how are they related to each other? P66
2.According to Halliday ， what is register? What are the social variables that determine the
register? P117-118
3.P8-9
4. Give a brief illustration to the“ semantic triangle” suggestedcharsby.P63Ogden-64 and Ri Ⅵ. Essay question.
1.According to Austin ， what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an
utterance? Give an example to illustrate this? P80-82
2.What are the four maxims of the CP? Illustrate with examples how flouting these maxims gives
rise to conversational implicature? P85-88
3.Please observe the following sentences; all of them are not well formed. What rules does each
of the following sentences violate? And what are the two aspects in terms of sentence meaning?
Please illustrate briefly.
1)He ated the cake yesterday.
2)We will gone to Beijing tomorrow.
3)The table intended to marry the chair.
4)My favorite fruit is red pears.
Please take a look at the section 5.5.2 (page 73) to the first paragraph on page 74.
1.The meaning of sentence And it includes both grammatical meaning and semantic meaning.
2.The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its grammaticality ， which is governed by the
grammatical rules of the language. Any violation can result in mistakes ， making a sentence
unacceptable. Such as sentence 1) has a wrong word “ated”and 2) has “will gone ”;
3.But grammatically well-formed sentences can still be unacceptable because whether a
sentence is semantically meaningful is decided by rules called selectional restrictions ， in other words， constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. Some sentences may be grammatically well-formed ， yet they may not be semantically meaningful because they contain words which are not supposed to go together. For example， as we can find in sentence 3) and
4)， no table would intend to marry the chair unless in a children ’s story and there is no red
pears usually in the world. Therefore ， some selectional restrictions have been violated.。