(完整版)北京大学出版社《跨文化交际》unit7_Cross-gender_communication(跨性别交际)
北京大学出版社《跨文化交际》unit7_Cross-gender_communication(跨性别交际)
Football; Basketball;
Interactions with other people such as peers, teachers…
Learn from medias, books, history, culture…
• Mother-daughter interaction: same sex
• A survey has been conducted to ask the same questions to males and females: “If you had a car, what would be the first thing you like to do with it?” Most females’ answers were like this: “If I had a car, the first thing I prefer to do would be taking a ride. While most males answer more or less like this: “If I had a car, I would check the engine first.” or :” If I had a car, I would consider if I could clean it every Saturday.”
Men are from Mars， Women are from Venus.
---John Gray
The styles men and women use to communicate have been described as
debate vs. vs. relate rapport cooperative
跨文化交际(UNIT 7)[优质ppt]
![跨文化交际(UNIT 7)[优质ppt]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/45189eb60912a21615792900.png)
2) Time is cyclical. Life on earth evolved in response to the cycles of day and night and the ebb and flow of the tides.
Chronemics
➢ Monochronic and Polychronic Time (p256-257) 1. What is M-Time and P-Time? Which do you think is
Chronemics
2. What is the philosophy underlying each of the time system?
1) P-time stresses involvement of people and completion of transactions rather than adherence to present schedules. Appointments are not taken as seriously and, as a consequence, are frequently broken. P-time is treated as less tangible than M-time.
跨文化交际-Unit 7PPT教学课件
2020/12/09
7
Culture notes
Obligation in Western culture: Westerners tend to see a fairly clear line between “official” responsibilities and personal favors, and feel relatively little obligation to repay people who help them in the course of some type of official duty.
How do you think Hal nd his friends felt when the teacher refused?
Why do you think the teacher refused to help with the English club?
Personal explanations Situational explanations Cultural explanations
5. The teacher doesn’t feel she has any obligation to help out Hal and his friends. She thinks that in helping her they were only doing their duty, so she doesn’t owe them anything. (Cultural)
6. The teacher is willing to help some, but afraid that she will end up doing most of the work in running the club, so she is trying to minimize expectations. (Situational/personal)
跨文化交际教程Unit7
The Main Content
Culture Conflict Definition The factors that influence the culture conflict Classifications
Culture Shock
Feelings of Culture Shock
Symptoms of Cultural Shock
Cultural Variations in Conducting Business
Cultural Variations in Selecting Negotiators Cutural Variations in Decision-making
Questions for Discussion
Do you still remember the barriers in intercultural communication ?
The ongoing conflict between Israel and the Palestinians is both simple to understand, yet deeply complex. At the heart of this conflict is a basic idea that both sides believe: The Iraelis believe that they are entitled to the land now known as Israel, while the Palestinians believe that they are entitled to the land they call Palestine.
In fact, the report needed thirty days of regular work. So the Greek worked day and night, but at the end of the fifteenth day, he will needed one more day’s work. AB: Where is the report ? (I am making sure he fulfills his contract.) G: It will be ready to tomorrow. AB: But we had agreed it would be ready today. (I must teach him to fulfill a contract.) G: (The stupid boss! Not only did he give me wrong orders, but he does not appreciate that I did a thirty-day job in sixteen days.) The Greek hands in his resignation. The American is surprised. Questions: What are the causes of the conflict between the American and the Greek? Come up with your suggestions to resolve the conflict.
北京大学出版社《跨文化交际》unit7-Cross-gender-communication(跨性别交际)
define self in relation to others
Cooperative; sensitive
Confide; Share and express feelings
• Mother-son interaction: different sex • Son cannot imitate Mother; • Son has to develop a gender identity by
differentiating from the mother and establish selfhood.
Independent; reserved Define self independent of others
different ways men and women communicate in
昨天，今天，明天
• 白云: 我十分想见赵忠祥。 • 黑土: 来前的火车票谁给报了。
Think about it
• What jobs are supposed to be taken by males?
• What are the best jobs for females?
Think about it
Differences in communication styles
Men
Direct Interrupt more, swear more and argue more
Talk to express authority and confidence Value power and competency Offer solutions
3
To learn useful words and expressions about cross-gender communication and improve
跨文化交际实用教程 Unit7 PPT
Pro an Indian Negotiator
Looks for and says the truth Is not afraid of speaking up and has no fears Exercises self-control Seeks solutions that will please all the parties involved Respects the other party Neither uses violence nor insults Is ready to change his or her mind and differ with himself or herself at the risk of being seen as inconsistent and unpredictable
– Stressful tactics
Concessions and Agreements – at this point each side will make various concessions so that an agreement can be reached and signed
Understanding Negotiator
Protects all the parties’ honor, self-respect, and dignity Avoids direct confrontation between opponents Is respected and trusted by all Does not put the parties involved in a situation where they have to show weakness or admit defeat Has the necessary prestige to be listened to Is creative enough to come up with honorable solutions for all parties Is impartial and can understand the positions of the various parties without leaning toward one or the other
跨文化交际实用教程-Unit7PPT课件
Profile of an Indian Negotiator
Looks for and says the truth Is not afraid of speaking up and has no fears Exercises self-control Seeks solutions that will please all the parties involved Respects the other party Neither uses violence nor insults Is ready to change his or her mind and differ with himself or herself at the risk of being seen as inconsistent and unpredictable
Understanding Negotiation Styles
For North Americans, negotiations are businesslike; their factual appeals are based on what they believe is objective information, presented with the assumption that it is understood by the other side on a logical basis. Arabs use affective appeals based on emotions and subjective feelings. Russians employ axiomatic appeals – that is, their appeals are based on the ideals generally accepted in their society.
跨文化交际(第十一次课crossgendercommunication)
3、How to facilitate cross-gender communication effectively?
According to “Gender, communication, and culture” by Julia T. Wood, There are six principles are constructive in achieving effective cross-gender communication. 1、 Suspend judgement 2、Recognize the validity of different Communication styles 3、Provide translation cues 4、Seek translation cues 5、Enlarge your own communication style 6、Suspend judgement
3)Handling conflicts and disagreements Men tend to argue more and find it interesting to disagree Women more often seek agreement and see disagreement as more threatening to relationships
测试,你是男脑还是女脑!!!!
1.剪指甲的时候，你一般哪只手先给另一只手剪？ a、左手给 右手剪——转2题 b、右手给左手剪——转3题 2.喜欢用电动剃须刀胜过刀片？ a、是——转4题 b、否——转3题 3.仔细看看自己的衣柜是什么样子？ a、很多件色彩不同的T恤 或者衬衫——转5题 b、只有一两个颜色的几件而已——转4题 4.如果没别人在家，你解决晚饭的方式是： a、出去吃或者泡 面、叫外卖--转6题 b、自己买点儿菜，下厨房--转7题 5.你的头发是： a、最普通的样式——转6题 b、酷酷的发型，染 色了，或者十分希望染色——转8题 6.电视中主人公身遭险境，你认为他会如何脱险？ a、自己突 然奋起，绝境求生——D b、被人所救，挺了过来——C c、外援突 然出现，或者是自然力量干扰了局面——转8题 7.你有不止一条名牌领带，而且大都是自己买的。 a、是——B b、 否——D 8.你对待紧身衣服的态度是： a、不喜欢也不想穿——D b、经常 穿紧身T恤或者毛衣之类的——A 测试结果：A女性型 B偏女性型 C半女性型 D男性型
跨文化交际unit Crossgender Communication ppt课件
Gender= sex+ culture+ role in society
2021/3/30
14
Sex is a male or female signal based on biology;
Gender is a feminine or masculine signal based on social roles and status.
Gender role refers to the expected ways of behaving for a male or female according to a society.
2021/3/30
17
In Asia
Men are believed superior than women. They are responsible for passing family names.
2021/3/30
15
CGC
Cross-gender communication occurs when there is communication between people from different sexes.
2021/3/30
16
Gender Role and Gender Identity
2021/3/30
4
Contents
Misunderstandings in CGC Gender Differences in Communication Styles Roots of Gender Differences Principles for Effectivห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ CGC
2021/3/30
跨文化交际(UNIT 7)ppt课件
8
Reading I
Read the article “The Heartbeat of Culture” (p229232).
concepts of time and punctuality. Brazilians are
likely to attribute lateness for appointments to
unforeseen circumstances that the person couldn’t
control. They seem less inclined to feel personally
3
Warm Up
What is your sense of time? Go to answer the questions on Group Work (p235-236).
People who choose very different answers to these questions may find it difficult to communicate and get along with one another, for they are very likely to differ in sense of time and how time should be used. Sometimes we may make unfair judgments on other people and their characters simply because their understanding and use of time are different from ours.
(完整版)跨文化交际
第一章关于文化、交际及跨文化交际第一节文化一、文化的定义（一）《现代汉语词典》对于“文化”的解释:1。
人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物质和精神财富的总和，特指精神财富，如文学、艺术、教育、科学等。
2。
考古学用语,指同一个历史时期的不依分布地点为转移的遗迹、遗物的综合体。
同样的工具、用具,同样的制造技术等，是同一种文化的特征,如仰韶文化、龙山文化。
3.指运用文字的能力及一般知识。
文化是个非常复杂的系统,它是一个整体，我们所能观察到的只是形成文化系统的具体要素，就是一个个具体的文化现象。
简单归结，文化即是人们所思、所言（言语和非言语）、所为、所觉的总和。
二、文化的特征1。
文化是人类所独有的，是区别人类和动物的主要标志。
是由人类进化过程中衍生出来或创造出来的。
2。
文化不是先天所有,而是通过后天习得的。
3。
文化是一个体系。
4.文化在一个群体中具有共享性。
5。
文化是丰富多样的.6。
文化是发展变化的；7.文化具有民族性和特定的阶级性；8.文化常有本民族文化优越感的倾向;9.文化是建立在象征符号之上的，是可以传递的。
第二节交际一、交际的概念交际这一词汇communicate来源于拉丁语commonis一词,commonis是common的意思.很明显，交际这一概念与“共同”commonness密切相关，即“共同”或“共享”是交际的前提。
交际是符号活动，它是一个动态多变的编译码过程，当交际者把意义赋予言语或非言语符号时，就产生了交际。
交际受制于文化、心理等多种因素 ,交际不一定以主观意志为转移，可能是无意识和无意向的活动 .跨文化交际中“交际"可定义为：信息发送者与信息接受者共享信息的过程。
人们的交际行为主要是以语言为媒介进行信息交换的动态过程。
二、交际的特点1. 交际是传播者和接收者之间的相互活动；2. 交际的双方是动态的；3。
交际过程一旦完成,所发出的信息是不能收回的；4.交际具有社会性。
三、文化和交际的关系文化会影响到交际。
跨文化交际(精品课件)
A Monumental Figure
• Edward Twitchell Hall, (1914 –2009) , American anthropologist and cross-cultural researcher.
• Hall introduced a number of new concepts, including proxemics, polychronigh and low context cultures.
Cross-cultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities. (Samovar and Porter, 2004:47)
11
Cross-cultural Communication Vs
his Linguistic Across Cultures(《跨文化语言学》）. He discussed the cultural comparison in three aspects: form, meaning and distribution(顾嘉祖，4）. • In 1959,the Silent Language by Edward T. Hall initiated the cross-cultural studies. • R.Oliver , 1962， Culture and communication • A.G.Smith, 1966,Culture and communication • In 1970s, ICA (International Communication Association) accepted Cross-cultural Communication as a branch discipline. as a discipline) • Journals: International and Intercultural Journal of Intercultural Relations.
跨文化交际实用教程Unit7PPT课件
5-6
Understanding Negotiation Styles
© 2006 Prentice Hall
5-7
第7页/共30页
Understanding Negotiation Styles
• For North Americans, negotiations are businesslike; their factual appeals are based on what they believe is objective information, presented with the assumption that it is understood by the other side on a logical basis.
• Role reversal: showing an understanding of the other party’s viewpoint and needs
© 2006 Prentice Hall
5-5
第5页/共30页
The Negotiation Process
• Persuasion – during this stage both parties try to persuade the other to accept more of their position while giving up some of their own; there are recognizable tactics for this stage
negotiations
• Exchanging task related information – during this stage each side makes a presentation and states its position, normally followed by a question-and-answer session
跨文化交际上课内容unit7
Unit Seven Time and Space Across CulturesI.Warm Up1. Please read the story on page 156. What can we learn from the story?2. Go to answer the questions on Group Work (p235-236) and find out your sense of time?Supplement: Additional materialsII.ChronemicsChronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.(i) The sense of time:1) Time is linear线形. Western cultures think time is linear — aflow from the past to the present to the future.2) Time is cyclical周期的. Life on earth evolved in response to thecycles of day and night and the ebb and flow潮涨潮落of thetides.(ii) Monochronic出现一次and Polychronic Time (p256-257)1. What is M-Time and P-Time? Which do you think is thedominating time system in our culture?1) Monochronic time means paying attention to and doing only onething at a time – events scheduled as separate items.2) Polychronic time means being involved with many things at once.2. What is the philosophy哲学underlying each of the time system?1) P-time stresses involvement of people and completion完成oftransactions事务rather than adherence to遵守present schedules. Appointments are not taken as seriously and, as a consequence, are frequently broken. P-time is treated as less tangible有形地than M-time.Weakness: Matters in a polychromic多彩的culture seem in a constant state 恒定常态of flux. Appointments are frequently broken.2) In M-time system, social and business life is commonly schedule-dominated. By scheduling, we compartmentalize划分; this makes it possible to concentrate on 集中注意one thing at a time, but it also reduces the context. M-time is also tangible. M-time scheduling is used as a classification system that orders life.Weakness: Life in general is at times unpredictable. M-time reduces the context and alienate使疏远people from themselves and from others.(iii) The Heartbeat of Culture (p229-232)1.What does the author want to tell us from his experience in Braziland the questionnaire between students in Niteroi and those in Fresno?In Brazil, people seem to be very flexible in their concepts of time and punctuality. Brazilians are likely to attribute lateness for appointments to unforeseen circumstances 意外情况that the person couldn’t control. They seem less inclined to倾向于feel personallyresponsible for being late. So they express less regret for their own lateness and blame others less when others are late.The Brazilian students believed that a person who is consistently late is probably more successful than one who is consistently on time.They seemed to accept the idea that someone of status is expected to arrive late. Lack of punctuality is a badge标记of success.2.There aren’t unanimous全体一致perceptions of time时间知觉among culturally different people. Even within one country, ideas of time and punctuality vary considerably from place to place.Different regions and even cities have their own distinct rhythms and rules.3.Appreciating cultural differences in time sense becomes increasinglyimportant as modern communications put more and more people in daily contact. If we are to avoid misreading issues that involve time perceptions, we need to understand better our own cultural biases偏见and those of others.※American Concept of Time: (See Case 25)III.Proxemics人际距离学A fascinating area in the nonverbal world of body language is that of spatial relationships空间关系, or proxemics, the study of man's appreciation and use of space. As a species, man is highly territorial but we are rarely aware of it unless our space is somehow violated. Spatialrelationships and territorial boundaries directly influence our daily encounters. Maintaining control over such space is a key factor in personal satisfaction; observing spatial interactions in everyday life is a key to personal awareness.(i)The study of proxemics includes three aspects of space: (a) fixed features of space. (b) semifixed features of space, and (c) personal space(a) fixed features of spaceFixed feature space is characterized by unmovable boundaries, like divisions within an office building. Architecture and spacing of buildings also belong to this aspect of space.For example, a person in the United States can drive on a highway for miles and never see a sign of people or dwellings民居. Therefore, he may be amazed at the closeness of people in China.Intercultural communicators need to realize that cultures have alternative approaches变换方法to space and ways of using it.(b) semifixed 半固定features of spaceSemifixed features of space refer to spatial arrangements of movable objects within a room, such as furniture arrangement and seating.1. furniture arrangement :French space is a reflection of French culture. Everything is centralized集中的, and spatially the entire country is laid outaround centers.In Germany, where privacy is stressed, office furniture is spread throughout the office.In Japan, where group participation is encouraged, many desks are arranged hierarchically分等级的in the center of a large, common room absent of walls.Chinese geomancy,feng shui, is the art of arranging the physical environment to establish harmony with the natural environment to achieve happiness, prosperity, and health.2. seatingIn the United States, they tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or stand beside them.The Chinese often experience uneasiness when they face someone directly or sit on opposite side of a desk or table from someone.(c) personal space or private space (p239-241)1. Behavioral study indicates that individuals perceive a distance that is appropriate for different types of messages; they also establish a comfortable distance for personal interaction and nonverbally define this as their personal space. Research supports the hypothesis 假设that the violation违反侵害of this personal space can have serious adverse effects不利影响on communication. Thus, if an individual is to be mutually 互相satisfied in a communication encounter his/herpersonal space must be respected. Should an intruder侵入者invade 侵略干扰this personal space while also trespassing 擅自进入within territorial boundaries he placed himself in double jeopardy双重负担and must compensate 弥补for the other's increased anxiety.2. The differences among Americans, the India, the Japanese and the ArabIn the United States, Hall reports that psychologists have identified four zones from which U.S. people interact: the intimate zone亲密区, the personal zone, the social zone, and the public zone.The study of spatial territory for the purpose of communication uses four categories for informal space: the intimate distance for embracing or whispering (6-18 inches), the personal distance for conversations among good friends (1.5-4 feet), social distance for conversations among acquaintances (4-12 feet), and public distance used for public speaking (12 feet or more).intimate distance ranging from direct contact to about 45cm, which applies to the closest relationships such as husband and wifepersonal distance ranging from 45 to 80cm, which is usually maintained for conversations between friends & relativessocial distanceranging from 1.3to 2 meters, which covers peoplewho work together or are meeting at social gatheringspublic distance such as that kept between a lecturer and his audienceIn India, there are elaborate rules about how closely members of each caste印度的社会等级may approach other castes.In Japan, the private bubble and the personal space are more a creation of the mind than an actual existence真实存在. The Japanese connect privacy with mental space. In crowds each Japanese becomes an island and he is alone as long as he does not acknowledge any of the other people.In Arab, Arabs of the same sex do stand much closer than North Americans. An Arab entering an elevator may stand right next to another person and be touching even though no one else is in the elevator.(ii) TerritorialityTerritoriality refers to how space can be used to communicate messages. Territorial claims differ from personal space in that the personal zone accompanies the individual while territoriality is relatively stationary固定的. Semi-fixed feature space is often the criteria标准used to establish a territory within any environment; it becomes a man's safety zone where he rests from the rigors严格of defending personal space from invasion, thedramatic or sudden entry into another's personal zone. Humans, like animals, indicate their ownership of this established territory and will consequently defend it against all invasions. Territoriality is established so rapidly that even the second session 会话in a series of lectures讲座is sufficient to find most of the audience returning to their same seats. And if one has been sitting in a particular seat and someone else occupies it, one can notice a fleeting 短暂的irritation.Compare the differences among the cultures of the countries mentioned in “Home in Various Cultures” (p244-247).America: showing visitors around home; people are not allowed to lock doors except the bathroom door; kitchen is the place for negotiation between the mother and the children; the parents’ bedroom is mostly off-limits.Germany: requires a wide area of privacy, formal and regimented; doors are firmly shut between rooms; an entrance hall 门廊to lead visitors into the house without showing specific rooms and spoiling the family’s privacy.Northern European countries: rude if not call in advance; not to expect the tour of the host’s home.France: never drop in unannounced; no tour of the house; guests are usually received in the living room, with the doors to the other rooms closed.Italy: you can drop in anytime without calling first, except for the resting hours of 2:00 to 4:00 pm.Spain: call ahead; normal visiting hours are 4:00 to 6:00 pm.Latin American countries: guests, even dropping in without warning, are greeted warmly, often with hugs and kisses; to communicate in the dining room.The Middle Eastern countries: the layout of the salon;IV.Case Study: Students are required to read the cases given carefully and try to analyse them from the viewpoint of IC.。
跨文化交际英文版7 cross-gender communication
Conversation 3
• Lois says, “You never listen to me,” • Mike responses: “What do you think I’m doing right now? You just said, ‘You never listen to me.’ See I was listening.” • Lois says, “We never go out” • Mike responses: “What do you mean, ‘we never go out’? We went out to dinner and a movie during the last solar eclipse!”
• Mary comes home from an exhausting day. She wants and needs to share her feelings about the day. • She says, “There is so much to do; I don’t have any time for myself.” • Tom takes a deep breath, relaxes on the exhale, and says, “Humph, sound like you had a hard day.” • May says, “ They expect me to change everything at a moment’s notice. I don’t know what to do.” • Tom pauses and then says, “Hmmm.” • Mary says, “ I even forgot to call my aunt.” • Tom says with a slightly wrinkled brow, “Oh, no.” • Mary says, “She needs me so much right now.I feel so bad.” • Tom says, “You are such a loving person. Come here, let me give you a hug.” • Tom gives Mary a hug and she relaxes in his arms with a big sigh of relief. She then says, “ I love talking with you. You make me really happy. Thanks for listening. I feel much bette
unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件-PPT精选文档
Time systems (Hall, 1976):
1) Monochronic Time (M-Time) 2) Polychronic Time (P-Time) 美国人类学家霍尔（Edward Hall）在《 超越文化》（Beyond Culture）一书中 首次区分了两种不同的时间观念,即“单向计 时制”（monochronic time）和“多向 计时制”（polychronic time)
Men take up more space than women in their use of gestures, body posture and movements: Legs spread apart when standing Wide use of arms when speaking And legs crossed at the ankles when sitting
Time
1) perceptions of past, present, and future 2) Hall’s monochronic and polychronic classifications
Past-oriented cultures
People regard previous experiences and events as most important. They place a primary emphasis on tradition. They show great respect for parents and the elderly. Country: ________ (P255)
Unit 7
Time and Space Across Cultures
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
successfully. Why?
When women are depressed， they either eat or go shopping； men invade another country.
• A survey has been conducted to ask the same questions to males and females: “If you had a car, what would be the first thing you like to do with it?” Most females’ answers were like this: “If I had a car, the first thing I prefer to do would be taking a ride. While most males answer more or less like this: “If I had a car, I would check the engine first.” or :” If I had a car, I would consider if I could clean it every Saturday.”
CGC
Cross-gender communication is a form of intercultural
communication. It occurs when there is a communication
between people from different sex.
What are the differences between sex and gender?
女人郁闷了就大吃一顿或者大买特买；男人郁闷了 就侵略别的国家。
---Elayne Boosler When men and women agree, it is only in their conclusion; their reasons are always different.
---George Santayana
A Gender Survey
Who is
more aware of what is going on around them more compassionate
women men No differences
more willing to take risks more logical or rational
Who can do better?
Art Language Music Geography Chemistry History P.E. Math
• How would you spend your free time on weekends.
• Here are some of the items to choose:
more aggressive
Who is more intelligent more decisive
women men No differences
better at listening more emotional more self-centered
better able to do many things at one time
Unit 7
cross-gender communication
Unit Goals
1
To understand the differences between male and female in Hale Waihona Puke ommunication2
To learn effective cross-gender communication principle
昨天，今天，明天
• 白云: 我十分想见赵忠祥。 • 黑土: 来前的火车票谁给报了。
Think about it
• What jobs are supposed to be taken by males?
• What are the best jobs for females?
Think about it
• Sex refers to the biological differences between males and females.
• it’s static and can’t be changed. • Katoey/Shemale 泰国人妖
• Gender concerns the psychological, social and cultural differences between males and females.
• A. sleeping • B. playing football or basketball • C. playing PC games • D. playing cards with friends • E. reviewing the lessons • F. going shopping • G. reading romance novels • H. chatting on the internet • I. washing clothes
3
To learn useful words and expressions about cross-gender communication and improve
language skills
Cross-gender Communication
Think about it
• Brainstorming: What are the other differences between males and females, apart from the biological differences?