红河州苗语方言的发音与词汇比较

红河州苗语方言的发音与词汇比较
(英)康蔼德 (Andy Castro) (美)傅睿杰 (Royce Flaming)
世界少数民族语文研究院 罗有亮
红河哈尼族彝族自治州民族研究所
红河哈尼族彝族自治州民族研究所 世界少数民族语文研究院（美国）云南代表处
合作项目 2012 年
2
目录
摘要...................................................................................................................................3 Abstract .............................................................................................................................3 第一章 引言.....................................................................................................................................4 第二章 背景.....................................................................................................................................5 第一节 苗族.....................................................................................................................5 第二节 红河苗语的分类.................................................................................................6 第三节 西部苗语音系简述.............................................................................................8 第三章 其他学者对西部苗语的研究...........................................................................................10 第四章 研究方法...........................................................................................................................12 第五章 发音比较...........................................................................................................................14 第一节 规则性的发音差异...........................................................................................14
一、 声调 ..............................................................................................................14 二、 声母 ................................................................................................................1
关键词：社会语言学，方言学，音系学，苗语，川黔滇方言，红河州。
Abstract
This paper presents the findings of a Miao dialect survey conducted in Honghe prefecture from May to July 2009. This survey was carried out as a cooperative project by SIL East Asia Group and the Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture Ethnic Research Institute. Honghe prefecture is home to around 274,000 Miao speakers, belonging to at least eleven different sub-branches. Each sub-branch speaks its own distinctive dialect. Although the Miao dialects display high functional intelligibility among each other, there are significant differences both in pronunciation and lexicon which have not been previously rescribes and categorises these differences, concluding that the eleven dialects which are considered can be grouped into four broad dialect clusters, each sharing common phonological and lexical characteristics.
（1）鼻音 ....................................................................................................16 （2）软腭塞音与边塞擦音 ........................................................................17 （3）卷舌阻音与腭化阻音 ........................................................................19 三、 韵母 ..............................................................................................................23 四、 规则性发音差异的总结...............................................................................27 第二节 不规则性的发音差异.......................................................................................28 第六章 词汇比较...........................................................................................................................29 第一节 词汇的相似性...................................................................................................29 第二节 词汇的差异.......................................................................................................31 一、 北花苗词汇...................................................................................................32 二、 南花苗词汇...................................................................................................33 三、 白苗词汇.......................................................................................................34 四、 汉苗词汇.......................................................................................................35 五、 语义的变化...................................................................................................37 第三节 汉语借词...........................................................................................................39 一、 当代汉语借词...............................................................................................40 二、 近代汉语借词...............................................................................................42 三、 中古汉语借词及上古汉语借词 ...................................................................43 第七章 结论...................................................................................................................................45 参考文献.........................................................................................................................46 附录一 红河州苗族支系语的声调...............................................................................................48 附录二 红河州苗族支系语规则性发音差异...............................................................................49 附录三 汉语与苗语的声调演变...................................................................................................50