阅读理解之主旨大意题.ppt

Passage1
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?
文中
通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈 述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又 作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.
（2010四川 C）
Candidates(申请人）will have experience of both management and research support/technical services. Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable.
如何做主旨大意题
•
做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还
是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，
进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标
题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何
一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多
文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中
心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便
容易抓住文章的中心。
要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。
段落中心思想常常由主题句( Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在 段首(60%--90%)或段尾处, 有时也在段 落中间。同样, 一篇文章的中心思想也 常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此, 在 阅读中, 我们要对文章的开始段和结尾 段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。
1 主旨大意
2 猜测词义
阅读技巧 4
细节理解
3 推理判断
这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和 理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳 文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、 环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能 把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中 心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、 归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较 大，属于高层次题。
文首
开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主 题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式.
passage2
Often no one looks more guilty than the
innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance
文尾ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概 括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式
Passage 3
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
主题型(topic、subject、main idea、general idea)主旨大意题的题干表现形式:
The main idea of the passage is… The passage is mainly about… Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the passage mainly about? The main idea of the 2nd paragraph is … 目的(purpose)类主旨大意题 The passage is meant to …. The purpose of this article is to … 标题(topic 或 title)类主旨大意题 The best title for the passage might be…
阅读理解之 主旨大意题
山东省考试大纲的说明——英语
要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性
话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等。 考生应能：
（1）理解主旨和要义； （2）理解具体信息； （3）根据上下文推测生词词义； （4）做出判断和推理； （5）理解文段的基本逻辑结构； （6）理解作者的意图和态度；