the libido for the ugly重点句子
the libido for the ugly
1 On a Winter day some years ago, coming out of Pittsburgh on one of the expresses of the Pennsylvania Railroad, I rolled eastward for an hour through the coal and steel towns of Westmoreland county. It was familiar ground; boy and man, I had been through it often before. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth--and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous , so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke . Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination--and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.
高级英语第七课The+Libido+for+The+Ugly
Chen Huanhong
– He helped to found and edit two literary magazines which were highly influential among intellectuals.
1)The Smart Set 2) The American Mercury
Chen Huanhong
• In caustic, witty essays, he derided (mocked) the institution which supported the middle class. He enjoyed controversy and tried to arouse his antagonists with his direct and devastating attacks.
Chen Huanhong
• A few years later, he joined the staff of its rival newspaper, the Baltimore Sun or Evening Sun, first as a reporter, then as its drama critic and editor, a position which he held until 1941.
Chen Huanhong
• 1) He hated narrow-minded religion. He believed strongly in intellectual freedom and fought all attempts to censor literature and drama. He felt that the greatest threat of censorship came from the country's religion "fundamentalists", whose opinions were all based on their interpretation of the Bible.
(完整版)高级英语(1)第三版Lesson5TheLibidofortheUglyParaphraseTranslation答案
Paraphrase1. … it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke (para 1 )2. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. (para 3)3. They have taken as their model a brick set on end. (para 3)4. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. (para 3)5. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (para 4)6. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. ( para 4)7. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (para 5)8. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical. (para5)9. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (para 6)10. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly (para 7)11. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. (para 7)12. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (para 9)参考答案1. This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.2. The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.3. The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.4. These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.5. When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.6. Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.7. I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.8. They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.9. It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.10. People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.11. These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.12. The place where this psychological attitude is found is the United States.Translation1. 上海世博会的文化多样性是世界上有史以来最为丰富的。
the libido for the ugly 全文讲义
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Unit Seven
Libido for the
Ugly
-- Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
Henry Louis Mencken (1880–1956)
• an American journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, acerbic critic of American life and culture, and a student of American English. Known as the "Sage of Baltimore", he is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylists of the first half of the 20th century
大学英语_The Libido for the Ugly
2) You need to tell how it is used if it is useful
• What part it plays in a person's life if it is in some way related to him • But emphasis should be placed on only one aspect of the object, such as its most important characteristics.
build up a sombre mood and increase
the feeling of depression.
C. The description of an object – We have to depend on our senses.
1) You need to mention: size color shape taste texture smell ---- create a clear visual image
1. His life
2. His views
3. His works
4. His style
H.L.Mencken -- his life
• • • •
1880- 1956 American educator, author, critic born in the city of Baltimore, Maryland the son of German immigrant parents. graduated from Baltimore Polytechnic Institute at 16
• He employed a huge vocabulary and liked to insert unusual or unexpected words, for surprise or comic effect, into otherwise normal sentences. Although his style is occasionally difficult to read, Mencken is still considered as one of the best and liveliest essayists of this century.
张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（Lesson
张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（LessonLesson 5 The Libido for the Ugly⼀、词汇短语1. libido n. the psychic and emotional energy associated withinstinctual biological drives欲望2. desolation n. the state of being abandoned orforsaken; loneliness荒芜，荒废，荒凉：He found the old house in completedesolation.他发现那间旧房⼦⼗分荒凉。
3. lucrative adj. producing wealth; profitable获利的，赚钱的：a lucrative marketing strategy⼀套赢利的市场策略4. hideous adj. repulsive, especially to the sight; revoltingly ugly令⼈讨厌的，难看的，丑陋的：They're not like dogs; they're hideous brutes.它们不像狗，它们是丑陋的畜牲。
5. forlorn adj. wretched or pitiful in appearance or condition可怜的，悲惨的；凄凉的：forlorn roadside shacks凄凉的路边栅屋6. macabre adj. suggesting the horror of death and decay;gruesome恐怖的，令⼈⽑⾻悚然的：macabre tales of war and plague战争和瘟疫的恐怖景象7. computation n. the act or process of computing计算8. abominable adj. unequivocally detestable; loathsome讨厌的，令⼈憎恶的：Murder is the most abominable crime.凶杀是最可恶的犯罪。
Lesson-five-the-libido-for-the-ugly
Description
If it conveys the sensations and emotions of the author, it can be called subjective description; if not, it called objective description.
but the whole American race--a race that loves ugliness for its own sake, the lust to make the world intolerable; a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.
1. a person's appearance 2. what the person does, says,
how he behaves to others to reveal his character
The description of an object
1. Create a clear visual image: size, color, shape, taste, texture, smell.
Try to create a dominant impression.
Description
Two kinds of description: 1. objective/impersonal Realistic: The writer paints a verbal picture of the realistic world, like a camera; factual words 2. subjective/personal Impressionistic/emotional: The writer wants to share with the readers a kind of dominant impression. The dominant impression may be a sense impression or an emotion; emotional words
最新The Libido for The Ugly中英文版
THE LIBIDO FOR THE UGL Y1、2、On a Winter day some years ago, coming out of Pittsburgh on one of the expresses of the Pennsylvania Railroad, I rolled eastward for an hour through the coal and steel towns of Westmoreland county. 几年前的一个冬日，我乘坐宾夕法尼亚铁路公司的一班快车离开匹兹堡，向东行驶一小时，穿越了威斯特摩兰县的煤城和钢都。
It was familiar ground; boy and man, I had been through it often before. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation. 这是我熟悉的地方，无论是童年时期还是成年时期，我常常经过这一带。
但以前我从来没有感到这地方荒凉得这么可怕。
Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth-and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke. 这儿正是工业化美国的心脏，是其最赚钱、最典型活动的中心，世界上最富裕、最伟大的国家的自豪和骄傲——然而这儿的景象却又丑陋得这样可怕，凄凉悲惨得这么令人无法忍受，以致人的抱负和壮志在这儿成了令人毛骨悚然的、令人沮丧的笑料。
Unit 5 the Libido for the Ugly爱丑之欲
Mencken's Creed
I believe in the complete freedom of thought and speech... I believe in the capacity of man to conquer his world, and to find out what it is made of, and how it is run. I believe in the reality of Libido for the Ugly
By H. L. Menchen
Advanced English
cslyt@
Contents
Unit 1
I. The cultural background knowledge II. Language problems III. Discourse Analysis IV. Writing techniques V. Exercises and explanation
Mencken's Creed
I believe that all government is evil, in that all government must necessarily make war upon liberty... I believe that the evidence for immortality is no better than the evidence of witches, and deserves no more respect.
The Author
--- his prose is as clear as an azure sky
--- his rhetoric as deadly as a rifle shot No other entertainment gave him
the libido for the ugly重点句子
Unit 7 The Libido for the UglyDifficult Sentences1.Here was the very heart...activity(para 1): The region around Pi t t sburgh was o ne o f t h e m o s t i mportantindustrial centers of America. Here w as the c enterof the most profitable and characteristic American activity-industrial activity (manufacture and production of goods as distinguished from agriculture. (metaphor: heart=industrialized center of America) 这儿正是工业化美国的心脏。
2.the boast of pride…earth(para1): The United States, the richest a nd grandest nation e ver seen o n e arth, bothboasts about and feels proud o f thiscenter of industrial activity.(hyperbole: richest and grandest) 是其最赚钱、最典型活动的中心，世界上最富裕、最伟大的国家的自豪和骄傲。
3.and here w as… joke (para 1): But the scene m et the eye was terribly uglyand the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene (ina region which produces through its industry the wealth tomake America the richest andgrandest nation) makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke(antithesis: grandest VS most miserable a nd gloomy) 然而这儿的景象却又丑陋得这样可怕，凄凉悲惨得这么令人无法忍受，以致人的抱负和壮志在这儿成了令人毛骨悚然的、令人沮丧的笑料。
The Libido for the Ugly 爱丑之欲
The Libido for the UglyH. L. Mencken1 On a Winter day some years ago, coming out of Pittsburgh on one of the expresses ofthe Pennsylvania Railroad, I rolled eastward for an hour through the coal and steel towns of Westmoreland county. It was familiar ground; boy and man, I had been through it often before. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth--and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous , so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke . Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination--and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.2 I am not speaking of mere filth. One expects steel towns to be dirty. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. From East Liberty to Greensburg, a distance of twenty-five miles, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. Some were so bad, and they were among the most pretentious --churches, stores, warehouses, and the like--that they were down-right startling; one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away. A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette, set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare leprous hill; the headquarters of the Veterans of Foreign Wars atanother forlorn town, a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. But most of all I recall the general effect--of hideousness without a break. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh to the Greensburg yards. There was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby.3 The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. It is, in form, a narrow river valley, with deep gullies running up into the hills. It is thickly settled, but not: noticeably overcrowded. There is still plenty of room for building, even in the larger towns, and there are very few solid blocks. Nearly every house, big and little, has space on all four sides. Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides--a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy Winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall. But what have they done? They have taken as their model a brick set on end. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards with a narrow, low-pitched roof. And the whole they have set upon thin, preposterous brick piers . By the hundreds and thousands these abominable houses cover the bare hillsides, like gravestones in some gigantic and decaying cemetery. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. Not a fifth of them are perpendicular . They lean this way and that, hanging on to their bases precariously . And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.4 Now and then there is a house of brick. But what brick! When it is new it is the color of a fried egg. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. Was it necessary to adopt that shocking color? No more than it was necessary to set all of the houses on end. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. Let it become downright black, and it is still sightly , especially if its trimmings are of white stone, with soot inthe depths and the high spots washed by the rain. But in Westmoreland they preferthat uremic yellow, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye.5 I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. I have seen, I believe, all of the most unlovely towns of the world; they are all to be found in the United States. I have seen the mill towns of decomposing New England and the desert towns of Utah, Arizona and Texas. I am familiar with the back streets of Newark, Brooklyn and Chicago, and have made scientific explorations to Camden, N. J. and Newport News, Va. Safe in a Pullman , I have whirled through the g1oomy, Godforsaken villages of Iowa and Kansas, andthe malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia. I have been to Bridgeport, Conn., and to Los Angeles. But nowhere on this earth, at home or abroad, have I seen anything to compare to the villages that huddle aloha the line of the Pennsylvania from the Pittsburgh yards to Greensburg. They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius , uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the makingof them. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect ,become almost diabolical.One cannot imagine mere human beings concocting such dreadful things, and one can scarcely imagine human beings bearing life in them.6 Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners--dull, insensate brutes, with no love of beauty in them? Then why didn't these foreigners set up similar abominations in the countries that they came from? You will, in fact, find nothing of the sort in Europe--save perhaps in the more putrid parts of England. There is scarcely an ugly village on the whole Continent. The peasants, however poor, somehow manage to make themselves graceful and charming habitations, even in Spain. But in the American village and small town the pull is always toward ugliness, and in that Westmoreland valley it has been yielded to with an eagerness bordering upon passion. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.7 On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful. It is impossible to put down the wallpaper that defaces the average American home of the lower middle class tomere inadvertence , or to the obscene humor of the manufacturers. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for dogmatic theology and the poetry of Edgar A Guest.8 Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. For the same money they could get vastly better ones, but they prefer what they have got. Certainly there was no pressure upon the Veterans of Foreign Wars to choose the dreadful edifice that bears their banner, for there are plenty of vacant buildings along the trackside, and some of them are appreciably better. They might, in- deed, have built a better one of their own. But they chose that clapboarded horror with their eyes open, and having chosen it, they let it mellow into its present shocking depravity. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. In precisely the same way the authors of therat-trap stadium that I have mentioned made a deliberate choice: After painfully designing and erecting it, they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completelyimpossible penthouse painted a staring yellow, on top of it. The effect is that of a fat woman witha black eye. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning. But they like it.9 Here is something that the psychologists have so far neglected: the love of ugliness for its own sake, the lust to make the world intolerable. Its habitat is the United States. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. The etiology of this madness deserves a great deal more study than it has got. There must be causes behind it; it arises and flourishes in obedience to biological laws, and not as a mere act of God. What, precisely, are the terms of those laws? And why do they run stronger in America than elsewhere? Let some honest Privat Dozent in pathological sociology apply himself to the problem.(from Reading for Rhetoric by Caroline Shrodes,Clifford A, Josephson, James R. Wilson )NOTES1. the Veterans of Foreign Wars: generally abbreviated to VFW, an organization created by the merger in 1914 of three societies of United States overseas veterans that were founded after the Spanish-American War of 1899. With its membership vastly increased after World War Ⅰand World WarⅡ, the organization became a major national veterans' society.2. Guest: Edgar Albert Guest (1881--1959), English-born newspaper poet, whose daily poem in the Detroit Free Press was widely syndicated and extremely popular with the people he called'folks' for its homely, saccharine morality3. Parthenon: a beautiful doric temple built in honor of the virgin (Parthenos) goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens around 5th century B. C.4. Presbysterian: a form of church government by presbyters developed by John Calvin and other reformers during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation and used with variations by Reformed and Presbyterian churches throughout the world. According to Calvin's theory of church government, the church is a community or body in which Christ only is head and members are equal under him. All who hold office do so by election of the people whose representatives they are.Mencken assumes that Presbyterians are puritanical, sombrefaced people who never smile or laugh. Hence people are shocked by the unexpected and incongruous sight of a Presbyterian grinning.。
The libido for the ugly
Para 3
• By the hundreds and thousands these abominable houses over the bare hillsides, like gravestones in some gigantic and decaying cemetery. • gigantic extremely big 巨大的，庞大的 • cemetery graveyard；burial ground 墓地 • Simile • Hundreds and thousands of disgusting houses cover the bare hillsides, which looked like gravestones in the big and rotting cemetery. • 这种丑陋不堪的房屋成百上千地遍布于一个个光秃秃的山坡上，就 像是一些墓碑竖立在广阔荒凉的坟场上。
The Libido For The Ugly
Para3 and Para 8
Para 3
The country itself is not uncomely,despite the grime of the endless mills.(Para 3.1) The country itself is pleasant to look at,in spite of the sooty dirt spread by the countless mills in this region. 间接肯定
怖的建筑，选好之后，又任由它变成这么一副破烂
不堪的样子。
Para 8
They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt
高级英语第三版第一册Lesson 5 the libido for the ugly
About the author
• He was a prolific writer of his day.
•--- - his prose is as clear as an azure sky --- --his rhetoric as deadly as a rifle shot
Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956) was the first American to be widely read as a critic. Though, earlier, James Lowell and Edgar Allan Poe had been better endowed with critical intelligence, their proficiency in other literary forms had obscured to some degree their skills as critics. Mencken was born in Baltimore, Md., on Sept. 12, 1880, and privately educated there. After graduation from Baltimore Polytechnic institute at the age of 16, he became a reporter on the Baltimore Herald. He rose rapidly; soon he was the Herald‘s city editor.
About the author
In 1906 Mencken joined the organization known as the Sun papers, which he served in a variety of ways until his retirement. His outstanding piece of journalism, widely syndicated, concerned the Scopes trial of 1925 in Tennessee, in which a high school instructor was prosecuted for teaching evolution, contrary to the law. The Smart Set（时髦者） and The American Mercury（美国水星）, both of which Mencken shared in editing, were additional vehicles for his opinions.
(完整版)the_libido_for_the_ugly讲解解读
A piece of subjective, impressionistic or emotional description
Description
Description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object and scene.
Description
It conveys the sensations, emotions and impressions. The writer describes what he sees, hears, smells, feels or tastes, and it often includes his emotional reactions.
Lesson Seven
-- H.L. Mencken
Aims
1. To acquaint students with subjective
description writing.
2. To help students to understand the
author’s real intention behind the description.
Author --Henry Louis Mencken
(1880--1956) American educator, author, critic
Henry Louis Mencken
Lesson 7爱丑之欲
• He employed a huge vocabulary and liked to insert unusual or unexpected words, for surprise or comic effect
〔心〕里必多（奥地利心理学家Freud 用语，指 性本能背后的一种潜在的能量）
➢ Why does the author choose this unusual word instead of a more common word “desire”?
Mencken deliberately uses the word “libido” ---to cause immediate attention, to make it very
•At 16, he completed his high school
but did not attend university, only graduated from Baltimore Polytechnic
Institute.
• He became a reporter on the Baltimore Morning Herald.
• He did not support democracy because he considered the masses too ignorant and greedy to exercise it wisely.
• He enjoyed controversy and tried to arouse his antagonists with his direct and devastating attacks. 他希望能煽动他的反对者，且他经常获得成效。他 是美国人最令人憎恶却也是最令人敬佩的学者之 一。
爱丑之欲第6-7段解析
绝不能将破坏一Leabharlann 美国中下层阶级家庭装饰 美感的墙纸，归咎于选购者的疏忽大意，也 不能归咎于制造商的有伤风化的玩笑。
• The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for dogmatic theology and poetry of Edgar A. Guest
Figures of speech (Para. 7)
Antithesis--on certain levels of the America race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.
• It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.
Border upon • Be very much like • The proposal borders upon the absurd 该提议似乎荒唐可笑
paraphrase
Libido for the ugly – libido for the beautiful ---
People in certain strata (social classes or division) of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly thins, which in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for thins beautiful.
高级英语(第三版)第一册第五课 The Libido for the Ugly[精]
![高级英语(第三版)第一册第五课 The Libido for the Ugly[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7b2632e3680203d8cf2f242e.png)
• Images: leprous hill, uremic yellow, eczematous patches, malarious hamlets, one blinks before a man with his face shot away, bury themselves swinishly, like gravestones in some gigantic decaying cemetery, color of an egg long past all hope or caring, that of a fat woman with a black eye, that of a Presbyterian grinning
• To enable students appreciate the figures of speech
Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
• Born in Baltimore City, USA, September 12, 1880 to a family of cigar makers.
I believe that all government is evil, in that all government must necessarily make war upon liberty...
I believe that the evidence for immortality is no better than the evidence of witches, and deserves no more respect.
高级英语Lesson5修辞The Libido for the Ugly
(Para 8) “they made it perfect in their own sight by … on top of it. ”
The author unkindly laughs at the odd color of houses.
Irony in L5
The buildings in Westmoreland is the most terrible.
(Para 1) “Here was the very heart of industrial America … and here was a scene so dreadful…reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre（恐怖的） and depressing joke.”
Metaphor VS
Its eyes look like two light bulb.
Simile
This little cat is a poet with melancholy（忧郁的） eyes.
Simile:
1. The tenor and vehicle(本体和喻体)
are exposed. 2. Indicator of resemblances
Contrastive meanings
(Para 1) “Here was wealth beyond computation,….here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of ally cats.”
(Para6) “It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of
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Unit 7 The Libido for the UglyDifficult Sentences1.Here was the very heart...activity(para 1): The region around Pittsburgh was oneof the most important industrial centers of America. Here was the center of the most profitable and characteristic American activity-industrial activity (manufacture and production of goods as distinguished from agriculture. (metaphor: heart=industrialized center of America)这儿正是工业化美国的心脏。
2.the boast of pride…earth(para 1): The United States, the richest and grandestnation ever seen on earth, both boasts about and feels proud of this center of industrial activity.(hyperbole: richest and grandest)是其最赚钱、最典型活动的中心，世界上最富裕、最伟大的国家的自豪和骄傲。
3.and here was…joke(para 1): But the scene met the eye was terribly ugly and thewhole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene (in a region which produces through its industry the wealth to make America the richest and grandest nation) makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke(antithesis: grandest VS most miserable and gloomy)然而这儿的景象却又丑陋得这样可怕，凄凉悲惨得这么令人无法忍受，以致人的抱负和壮志在这儿成了令人毛骨悚然的、令人沮丧的笑料。
4.Here was wealth…alley cats(para 1): People could not imagine or calculate theamount of wealth that was to be found in this region. And in this same region there were such terrible and disgusting houses that even homeless, mongrel cats would feel ashamed to live in them.(hyperbole: uncountable wealth +unbearable ugliness; antithesis: wealth VS disgusting inhabitation)这儿的财富多得无法计算，简直都无法想象——也是在这儿，人们的居住条件又是如此之糟，连那些流浪街头的野猫也为之害羞。
5.What I allude…in sight(para 2): What I refer to is that every house a passengersaw was ugly and painful and that every house a passenger saw was absolute disgustingly hideous.(hyperbole: house-disgusting)我指的是所看到的房子没有一幢不是丑陋得令人难受，畸形古怪得让人作呕的。
6.Some were so bad…pretentious(para 2): Some houses were especially ugly, and theywere also important buildings, claiming some distinction.有的房子糟得吓人，而这些房子竞还是一些最重要的建筑。
7.one blinked…shot away(para 2):The ugliness of these houses was as gruesome asa face that has been shot and mangled.(simile: house=face shot away)人们惊愕地看着这些房子，就像是看见一个脸给子弹崩掉的人一样。
8. a crazy…leprous hill(para 2): a foolish little church just west of Jeannette(asmall city in Westmoreland county, 21 miles east southeast of Pittsburgh) was built like a dormer-window on a hillside that was bare and looked as repulsive as the skin of a leper.(simile: church=dormer-window)珍尼特西面的一所样子稀奇古怪的小教堂，就像一扇老虎窗贴在一面光秃秃的、似有麻风散鳞的山坡上。
9. a steel stadium…the line(para 2): The headquarters of the Veterans of ForeignWars was in another desolate town a bit further down the line than the church at Jeannette. It was a large and round oval structure made of steel and looked like a big rat-trap.(simile: headquarters=rat-trap)参加过国外战争的退伍军人总部，设在珍尼特过去不远的另一个凄凉的小镇上。
沿铁路线向东不远处的一座钢架，就像一个巨大的捕鼠器。
10.There was not…shabby(para2): Every house was misshapen and every house wasshabby.(double negation ;repetition: every house-misshapen and shabby)没有一幢不是歪歪扭扭的，没有一幢不是破破烂烂的。
11.Obviously…the hillsides(para3): There were no architects worthy of the honor orthe high standards demanded of by its profession. If there had been such architects they would naturally have built Swiss-type house which would lie low and clinging to the hillsides.(sarcasm: if…)如果这一地区有几个稍有职业责任感或荣誉感的建筑师的话，他们准会紧依山坡建造一些美观雅致的瑞士式山地小木屋。
12.They have taken…on end(para3): The model they followed in building their houseswas a brick standing upright. All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.他们把直立的砖块作为造房的模式。
13.By the hundreds…decaying cemetery (para3):Hundreds and thousands of disgustinghouses cover the bare hillsides, which looked like gravestones in the big and rotting cemetery(simile； house=cemetery).这种丑陋不堪的房屋成百上千地遍布于一个个光秃秃的山坡上，就像是一些墓碑竖立在广阔荒凉的坟场上。
14.on their low side…the mud(para 3): Since these house are built on the hillsidesand set on brick piers, one side is high and the other is low. The low sides make them look like pigs burying themselves in the mud.这些房屋高的一侧约有三四层，甚至五层楼高，而低的一侧看去却像一群埋在烂泥潭里的猪猡。
15. And one an dall…the streets(para 3):All the houses here are smeared with sootydirt, and some paint which is not covered up by the soot looks like the dried up scales formed on the skin by eczema.每幢房屋上都积有一道道的尘垢印痕，而那一道道垢痕的间隙中，还隐隐约约露出一些像湿疹痂一样的油漆斑痕。
16.When it has taken…or caring(par 4): When the brick is covered with the black sootof the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.(ridicule and irony: color of the house; metaphor brick=egg lacking caring).经工厂排放出来的烟尘熏染，蒙上一层绿锈时，它的颜色便像那早已无人问津的臭蛋一样了。