中考宾语从句讲解及练习,状语从句练习

中考宾语从句专项讲解
宾语从句
一. 宾语从句的定义及种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾
语。

根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。

That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中
可以省略。

例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语
从句。

这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
now why the train is late.
I don’t k
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。

If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。

例如：I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如：I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，
过去完成时）。

例如：He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。

例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
that
主句的谓语动词是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget 等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, sure, sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。

e.g. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster.
I’m sorry (that) he isn’t here right now.
宾语从句需要注意的一些点:
1. that 的省略：
that 引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语
中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。

e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it.
I’m afraid (that) you’ll have to wait.
以下情况下不能省略that
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。

eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
B．当it作形式宾语时
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．当宾语从句前置时
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
2. 宾语从句的否定转移：
主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。

如：我认为鸡不会游泳。

误：I think chickens can not swim.
正：I don’t think chickens can swim.
此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一
人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。

试比较：
I think he is wrong, isn’t he?
He thinks he is right, doesn’t he?
if/whether
if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。

if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。

如：
e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English.
I don’t know
if/whether it is going to rain.
Note: 只用whether的六种情况：
1. 在带to的动词不定式前
He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.
2. 在介词后
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
3. 直接与or not连用时
I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us.
4. 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中
We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next week.
5. 宾语从句提前时只能用whether
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
6. 引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether
Whether he is right or wrong is a question.
难点：
1. 避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词；
（应去掉that）
e.g. *I can’t see that what is over there.
2. 从句中的语序为陈述语序；
e.g. *Do you know how old is she? (应改为：…how old she is)
3. 从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。

e.g. *She didn’t tell me when she will come. (
应改为：…when she would come)
4.转换：。