土壤重金属污染状况及修复

土壤重金属污染状况及修复

中文摘要：重金属污染因具有毒性、易通过食物链在植物，动物和人体累积，对生态环境和人体健康构成

严重威胁。随着工业快速发展、农药及化肥的广泛使用，农田土壤重金属污染越来越严重，研究农田土壤

重金属污染现状及修复技术对农产品安全具有重要意义。综合国外农田土壤重金属污染状况，农田土壤重

金属污染主要来源于固体废弃物堆放及处置、工业废物大气沉降、污水农灌和农用物质的不合理施用。该

文综述了国外有关农田重金属污染土壤修复技术（物理修复、化学修复、生物修复、农业生态和联合修复）的研究进展，并针对各种修复方法，阐述了其原理、修复条件、应用实例及其优缺点，重点论述了植物修

复的机理和应用，提出了草本与木本联合修复可有效提高农田土壤重金属复合污染的修复效率，为农田土

壤土壤重金属复合污染修复提出了新的途径。最后在对已有研究分析的基础上，提出了联合修复技术（如

生物联合技术、物理化学联合技术和物理化学—生物联合技术）可以在一定程度上克服使用单一修复手段

存在的缺点，可提高复合污染的修复效率、降低修复成本，未来应深入探索联合修复技术间的相互作用机理，以期为农田土壤重金属综合治理与污染修复提供科学依据。

关键词：农田土壤；重金属；污染；修复技术

Abstract; Heavy metal pollution caused by toxic, easily in the food chain through plants, animals and humans in vivo accumulation of the ecological environment and pose a serious threat to human health. With the rapid development of industry, the widespread use of pesticides and fertilizers, agricultural soil heavy metal pollution is getting worse, research Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Remediation Technology is important for the safety of agricultural products. Comprehensive Farmland Soil Heavy Metal Contamination at home and abroad, mainly from heavy metals in soils contaminated solid waste deposits and disposal of industrial waste atmospheric deposition, sewage unreasonable application of agricultural irrigation and agricultural materials. This paper reviews the related farmland abroad Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Research Progress (physical restoration, chemical remediation, bioremediation, ecological agriculture and bioremediation) repair, and for a variety of repair methods, described its principle, to repair the condition, application examples its advantages and disadvantages, Focuses on the mechanism and application of phytoremediation, herbaceous and woody proposed bioremediation can effectively improve the efficiency of heavy metals in soils repair compound contaminated soil farmland soil heavy metals contamination fixes proposed a new way. Finally, the existing research and analysis based on the proposed joint repair techniques (such as bio-technology joint, joint technical and physical chemistry physical chemistry - Biotechnology United Technologies) can overcome the disadvantages of using a single repair means exist to some extent, can improve repair efficiency combined pollution, reduce repair costs, Future should further explore the mechanism of interaction between the United repair techniques, with a view to the comprehensive management of heavy metals in soils and pollution remediation provide a scientific basis.

Keywords: Soil; heavy metal; pollution; repair technology

1 土壤中重金属的污染现状

土壤作为开放的缓冲动力学体系，在与周围的环境进行物质和能量的交换过程中，不可避免地会有外源重金属进入这个体系! 重金属对土壤的主要污染途径是工业废渣、废气