2001年英语一真题(附答案)
2001年考研英语真题及解析(黄皮书)
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involvedin prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under wayin British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences suchas _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think3foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world througha set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing toits_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and gender5Passage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____7[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can bepredicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.9。
2001全国英语卷1(附答案)
第一卷(共115分)一、听力(共两节，总分值30分)第一节(共5小题；每题1.5分，总分值7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
10例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C.￡9.18. 答案为B.1. Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concert.B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lesson.C. He attended a meeting.3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A. He's anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He's expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A. 3:00.B. 3:15.C. 5:00.5. What is the man's problem?A. She can't decide how to go.B. He can't drive himself.C. He doesn't like travelling by train.第二节(共15小题；每题1.5分，总分值22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2001考研英语真题及解析 适合打印
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠCloze TestThe government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americansbuilt them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and theirreaders which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking atthis process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
2001考研英语(一)真题
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases1the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant2of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor,will introduce a 3bill that will propose making payments to witnesses4and will strictly control the amount of5 that can be given to a case6a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman,chairman of the House of Commons media select committee,Lord Irvine said he7with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not8sufficient control.9of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a10of media protest when he said the11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges12to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill,which13the European Convention on Human Rights legally14in Britain,laid down that everybody was15to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands16our British judges,”he said.Witness payments became an17after West was sentenced to10life sentences in1995.Up to19 witnesses were18to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers.Concerns were raised 19witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to20guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to［B］for instance［C］in particular［D］such as2.［A］tightening［B］intensifying［C］focusing［D］fastening3.［A］sketch［B］rough［C］preliminary［D］draft4.［A］illogical［B］illegal［C］improbable［D］improper5.［A］publicity［B］penalty［C］popularity［D］peculiarity6.［A］since［B］if［C］before［D］as7.［A］sided［B］shared［C］complied［D］agreed8.［A］present［B］offer［C］manifest［D］indicate9.［A］Release［B］Publication［C］Printing［D］Exposure10.［A］storm［B］rage［C］flare［D］flash11.［A］translation［B］interpretation［C］exhibition［D］demonstration12.［A］better than［B］other than［C］rather than［D］sooner than13.［A］changes［B］makes［C］sets［D］turns14.［A］binding［B］convincing［C］restraining［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized［B］credited［C］entitled［D］qualified16.［A］with［B］to［C］from［D］by17.［A］impact［B］incident［C］inference［D］issue18.［A］stated［B］remarked［C］said［D］told19.［A］what［B］when［C］which［D］that20.［A］assure［B］confide［C］ensure［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each questions there are four answers marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40points)Passage1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research.But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in scienceaffecting the process of communication.Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science:exceptions can be found to any rule.Nevertheless,the word“amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and,in particular,may not fully share its values.The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century,with its consequent requirement of a longer,more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.Thus,in the nineteenth century,local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right;but,in the twentieth century,local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate,and reflect on,the wider geological picture.Amateurs,on the other hand,have continued to pursue local studies in the old way.The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing,first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.As a logical consequence of this development,separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century,its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century.In science generally,however,the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21.The growth of specialisation in the19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as_______.[A]sociology and chemistry[B]physics and psychology[C]sociology and psychology[D]physics and chemistry22.We can infer from the passage that_______.[A]there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate______.[A]the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C]the change of policies in scientific publications[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24.The direct reason for specialisation is_______.[A]the development in communication[B]the growth of professionalisation[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge[D]the splitting up of academic societiesPassage2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.What was less visible then,however,were the new,positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized,it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all,the more people online,the more potential customers there are.More and more governments,afraid their countries will be left behind,want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together.As a result,I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course,the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty.And the Internet is not the only tool we have.But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool,some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in theUnited States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure,it didn’t have the capital to do so.And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads,harbors,highways,ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.The English,the Germans,the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them.Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now?The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure,which today is an electronic infrastructure,the better off you’re going to be.That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled,or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25.Digital divide is something_______.[A]getting worse because of the Internet[B]the rich countries are responsible for[C]the world must guard against[D]considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it_______.[A]offers economic potentials[B]can bring foreign funds[C]can soon wipe out world poverty[D]connects people all over the world27.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A]providing financial support overseas[B]preventing foreign capital’s control[C]building industrial infrastructure[D]accepting foreign investment28.It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on______.[A]how well-developed it is electronically[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants [C]whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D]how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question.The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling andgrammar mistakes,combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper.Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns)into which they plug each day’s events.In other words,there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers.In a recent survey,questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country,plus one large metropolitan area.Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans,journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids,own Mercedeses,and trade stocks,and they’re less likely to go to church,do volunteer work,or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite,so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry,particularly a declining one.Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about.If it did,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.29.What is the passage mainly about?[A]needs of the readers all over the world.[B]causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C]origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D]aims of a journalism credibility project.30.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be______.[A]quite trustworthy[B]somewhat contradictory[C]very illuminating[D]rather superficial31.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A]working attitude[B]conventional lifestyle[C]world outlook[D]educational background32.Despite its efforts,the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its_______.[A]failure to realize its real problem[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D]prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:"Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.Multinational corporations accounted for less than20%of international trade in1982.Today the figure is more than25%and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.In Argentina,for instance,after the reforms of the early1990s,multinationals went from43% to almost70%of the industrial production of the200largest firms.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'demands.All these are beneficial, not detrimental,to consumers.As productivity grows,the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S.,when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.The mergers of telecom companies,such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress.On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast.In cars,too,concentration is increasing-witness Daimler andChrysler,Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.A few weeks ago,Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry.Who is going to supervise,regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created?Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition?And should one country take upon itself the role of“defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations,as in the U S.vs.Microsoft case?33.What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A]to take in more foreign funds.[B]to invest more abroad.[C]to combine and become bigger.[D]to trade with more countries.34.According to the author,one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is______.[A]the greater customer demands.[B]a surplus supply for the market.[C]a growing productivity.[D]the increase of the world's wealth.35.From paragraph4we can infer that______.[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D]the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36.Toward the new business wave,the writer's attitude can he said to be_______.[A]optimistic[B]objective[C]pessimistic[D]biasedPassage5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“having it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of“juggling your life”,and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12-hour working days,pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on“quality time”.In America,the move away from juggling to a simpler,less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as“voluntary simplicity”has,ironically,even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism.There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives;there are newsletter's,such as The Tightwad Gazette,that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap;there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift,in Britain,at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance,we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s,downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life——growing your own organic vegetables,and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37.Which of the following is true according to paragraph1?[A]Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C]“A lateral move”means stepping out of full-time employment.[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38.The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting____.[A]enables her to realize her dream[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39.“Juggling one’s life”probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A]non-materialistic lifestyle[B]a bit of everything[C]extreme stress[D]anti-consumerism40.According to the passage,downshifting emerged in the U.S.as a result of_____.[A]the quick pace of modern life[B]man’s adventurous spirit[C]man’s search for mythical experiences[D]the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)In less than30years’time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell television,and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of1,000years）,when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.“By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully,simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop fullsensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”he says.44）But that, Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted.However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available,or when human cloning will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible.But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,cause problems in2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46.Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind,love is probably the noblest,but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example,and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.。
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（听力占20%）英语第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以真入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child_________he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
21. ---Good morning, Grand Hotel.---Hello, I’d like to book a room fro the nights of the 18th and 19th.---_________A. What can I do for you?B. Just a minute, please.C. What’s the matter? C. At your service.22. The film brought th ehours back to me_________ I was taken good care of in that far-awayvillage.A. untilB. thatC. whenD. where23. As we joined the big crowd I got_________from my friends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed24. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_________sorapidly.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change25. The Parkers bought a new house but_________will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. theyB. itC. oneD. which26. We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it _________very well.A. worked outB. tried outC. went onD. carried on27. The home improvements have taken what little there is_________my spare time.A. fromB. inC. ofD. （见备注）28. It is generally believed that reaching is_________it is a science.A. an art much asB. much an art asC. as an art much asD. as much an art as29. The warmth of_________sweater will of course be determined by the sort of_________woolused.A. the; theB. the;/C. /; theD. /; /30. I _________ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since th enew year.A. will playB. have playedC. playedD. play31. A computer can only do_________you have instructed it to do.A. howB. afterC. whatD. when32. V isitors_________not to touch the exhibits.A. will requestB. request .C. are requestiongD. are requested33. I was really anxious about you. Y ou_________home without a word.A. mustn’t leaveB. shouldn’t have leftC. couldn’t have leftD. needn’t leave34. _________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. itB. AsC. ThatD. What35. _________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后人36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。
2001年考研英语试题及参考答案(1)
2001年考研英语试题及参考答案(1)Part Ⅰ Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］ and ［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times _________ 1979. ［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］sinceThe sentence should read, "I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose ［D］. Sample Answer［A］［B］［C］［■］1.If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I _________ my head in my hands for a cry.［A］bury ［B］am burying ［C］buried ［D］would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.［A］to announce ［B］announced ［C］announcing ［D］was announced 3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one _________ wait instead of searching for it.［A］would rather ［B］had to ［C］cannot but ［D］had best 4.She felt suitably humble just as she _________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.［A］had ［B］had had ［C］would have and ［D］has had5.There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite _________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.［A］ being resigned ［B］having resigned［C］going to resign ［D］resign6.So involved with their computers _________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.［A］became the children ［B］become the children［C］had the children become ［D］do the children become 7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.［A］everything except ［B］anything but［C］no less than ［D］nothing more than8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. _________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.［A］By ［B］In ［C］For ［D］With9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.［A］as ［B］which ［C］that ［D］what10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, _________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.［A］be ［B］being ［C］were ［D］areSection BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］ and ［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found _________ in the woods off the highway.［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected The sentence should read. "The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway." There fore, you should choose ［C］.Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］11.He is too young to be able to _________ between right and wrong.［A］discard ［B］discern ［C］disperse ［D］disregard12.It was no _________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.［A］coincidence ［B］convention ［C］certainty ［D］complication 13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.［A］cautiously ［B］dutifully ［C］faithfully ［D］skillfully 14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be _________ the welfare of his animals.［A］critical about［B］indignant at ［C］indifferent to［D］subject to15.The chairman of the board _________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.［A］compelled ［B］posed ［C］pressed ［D］tempted16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _________,［A］for long ［B］in and out ［C］once for all ［D］by nature ing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _________ and lack of unity in style. ［A］conflict ［B］confrontation［C］disturbance ［D］disharmony 18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _________. ［A］thrived ［B］swelled ［C］prospered ［D］flourished 19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry. ［A］overturn ［B］overtake ［C］offset ［D］oppress20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _________.［A］firm ［B］coMPAny ［C］corporation ［D］enterprise21.When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _________.［A］novel ［B］remote ［C］distant ［D］foreign22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _________ at a garage sale.［A］trifled with ［B］scraped through［C］stumbled upon［D］thirsted for23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _________.［A］descend ［B］decline ［C］deteriorate ［D］depress 24.Equipment not _________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.［A］conforming to ［B］consistent with［C］predominant over ［D］providing for25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to _________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social iMPAct by 2020.［A］contend ［B］contest ［C］rival ［D］strive26.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving _________ for the states and liberty for individuals.［A］autonomy ［B］dignity ［C］monopoly ［D］stabilit27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost_________ as microorganisms.［A］precisely ［B］instantly ［C］initially ［D］exclusively 28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _________, particularly in Western Europe.［A］obscure ［B］obsolete ［C］optional ［D］overlapping 29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _________ and needs proving.［A］spontaneous ［B］hypothetical ［C］intuitive ［D］empirical 30.The future of this coMPAny is _________: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.［A］at odds ［B］in trouble ［C］in vain ［D］at stake Part Ⅱ Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］ and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32of legal controls over the press. LordIrvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he 37with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families."Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46our British judges," he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers.Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts. 31．［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular［D］such as 32．［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening 33．［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft 34．［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper 35．［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity 36．［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as37．［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed 38．［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate 39．［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure 40．［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash41．［A］translation ［B］interpretation［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration42．［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than43．［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns44．［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining 45．［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified 46．［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by47．［A］iMPAct ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue 48．［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told49．［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that50．［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guarantee Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets witha pencil.(40 points)Passage 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word 'amateur' does carry a connotation thatthe person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A coMPArison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporatel, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by nationaljournals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51．The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as _________.［A］sociology and chemistry［B］physics and psychology［C］sociology and psychology［D］physics and chemistry52．We can infer from the passage that _________.［A］ there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones 53．The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _________.［A］the process of specialization and professionalisation ［B］the hardship of amateurs in scientific study［C］the change of policies in scientific publications ［D］the discrimination of professionals against amateurs 54．The direct reason for specialization is _________. ［A］the development in communication［B］the growth of professionalisation［C］the expansion of scientific knowledge［D］the splitting up of academic societies。
2001年高考英语试题及答案
2001年高考英语试题·附答案所属：沪江英语来源：高考英语网第一卷(共115分)一、听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
10例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案为B。
1. Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concert.B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lesson.C. He attended a meeting.3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A. He's anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He's expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A. 3:00.B. 3:15.C. 5:00.5. What is the man's problem?A. She can't decide how to go.B. He can't drive himself.C. He doesn't like travelling by train.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2001年考研英语真题答案及解析
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。
第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。
最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。
在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。
结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。
因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。
首先排除as to和in particular。
for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。
如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。
选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。
首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。
2001考研英语真题及答案
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Sectio n I Structur e and VocabularyPart ADirect ions:Beneath each of the following senten ces, thereare four choice s marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best comple tes the senten ce. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackeningthe corres pondi ng letter in the bracke ts with a pencil. (5 points)Exampl e:I have been to the GreatWall threetimes________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe senten ce should read, “I have been to the Great W all threetimessi n ce1979.” Theref ore, you should choose [D].Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1. If I were in movie, then it wouldbe abouttime that I ________ my head in myhandsfor a cry.[A] bury[B] am buryin g[C] buried[D] wouldbury2. Good news was someti mes releas ed premat urely, with the Britis h recapt ure ofthe port ________ half a day before the defend ers actual ly surren dered.[A] to announ ce[B] announ ced[C] announ cing[D] was announ ced3. Accord ing to one belief, if truthis to be knownit will make itself appare nt, soone ________ wait instea d of search ing for it.[A] wouldrather[B] had to[C] cannot but[D] had best4. She felt suitab ly humble just as she ________ when he had firsttakena goodlook at her city self, hair wavedand golden, nailsred and pointe d.[A] had[B] had had[C] wouldhave and[D] has had5. Therewas no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keepsa firm contro l on the partydespit e ________ from leader shipof it, wouldinterv ene person ally.[A] beingresign ed[B] having resign ed[C] goingto resign[D] resign6. So involv ed with theircomput ers ________ that leader s at summer comput ercampsoftenhave to forcethem to breakfor sports and games.[A] became the childr en[B] become the childr en[C] had the children become[D] do the childr en become7. The indivi dualTV viewer invari ablysenses that he or she is ________ ananonym ous, statis tical ly insign ifica nt part of a huge and divers e audien ce.[A] everythingexcept[B] anythi ng but[C] no less than[D] nothin g more than8. One diffic ultyin transl ation lies in obtain ing a concep t match. ________ this ismeantthat a concep t in one langua ge is lost or change d in meanin g in transl ation.[A] By[B] In[C] For[D] With9. Conver satio n become s weaker in a societ y that spends so much time listen ingand beingtalked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skillto speakfor itself.[A] as[B] which[C] that[D] what10. Church as we use the word refers to all religi ous instit ution s, ________ theyChrist ian, Islami c, Buddhi st, Jewish, and so on.[A] be[B] being[C] were[D] arePart BDirect ions:Beneath each of the following senten ces, thereare four choice s marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best comple tes the senten ce. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackeningthe corres pondi ng letter in the racket s with a pencil. (10 points)Exampl e:The lost car of the Lees was found________ in the woodsoff the highwa y.[A] vanish ed[B] scatte red[C] abandon ed[D] reject edThe senten ce should read. “The lost car of the Lees was foundabandon ed in the woodsoff the highway.” Theref ore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]11. He is too youngto be able to ________ betwee n rightand wrong.[A] discar d[B] discern[C] disper se[D] disreg ard12. It was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of therobber y.[A] coinci dence[B] conven tion[C] certai nty[D] compli catio n13. One of the respon sibil ities of the CoastGuardis to make sure that all ships________ follow traffi c rulesin busy harbor s.[A] cautio u sly[B] dutifu lly[C] faithf ully[D] skillf ully14. The Eskimo is perhap s one of the most trusti ng and consid erate of all Indian sbut seemsto be ________ the welfar e of his animal s.[A] critic al about[B] indign ant at[C] indiff erent to[D] subject to15. The chairm an of the board________ on me the unplea santjob of dismis singgood worker s the firm can no longer afford to employ.[A] compelled[B] posed[C] presse d[D] tempte d16. It is naiveto expect that any societ y can resolv e all the social proble ms it isfacedwith ________.[A] for long[B] in and out[C] once for all[D] by nature17. Usingextrem ely differ ent decora tingscheme s in adjoin ing roomsmay result in________ and lack of unityin style.[A] confli ct[B] confro ntati on[C] distur bance[D] disharmony18. The Timber rattle snake is now on the endang eredspecie s list, and is extinc t intwo easter n states in whichit once ________.[A] thrive d[B] swelle d[C] prospe red[D] flouri shed19. Howeve r, growth in the fabric atedmetals indust ry was able to ________ someof the declin e in the iron and steelindust ry.[A] overtu rn[B] overta ke[C] offset[D] oppres s20. Becaus e of its intima cy, radiois usuall y more than just a medium; it is________.[A] firm[B] compan y[C] corpor ation[D] enterp rise21. When any non-humanorganis transp lante d into a person, the body immedi atelyrecogn izesit as ________.[A] novel[B] remote[C] distan t[D] foreig n22. My favori te radiosong is the one I firsth eardon a thick1923 Edison disc I________ at a garage sale.[A] trifle d with[B] scrape d throug h[C] stumbl ed upon[D] thirst ed for23. Some day softwa re will transl ate both writte n and spoken langua ge so well thatthe need for any common second langua ge could________.[A] descen d[B] declin e[C] deteri orate[D] depres s24. Equipm ent not ________ offici al safety standa rds has all been remove d fromthe worksh op.[A] conformingto[B] consis tent with[C] predom inant over[D] provid ing for25. As an indust ry, biotechnolo g y stands to ________ electr onics in dollar volumeand perhap s surpas s it in social impact by 2020.[A] conten d[B] contest[C] rival[D] strive26. The author s of the United States Consti tutio n attemp ted to establish an effectivenation al govern m ent whilepreser ving________ for the states and liberty for indivi duals.[A] autonomy[B] dignity[C] monopoly[D] stabil ity27. For threequarte rs of its span on Earth,life evolve d almost________ asmicroo rgani sms.[A] precis ely[B] instan tly[C] initia lly[D] exclusively28. The introdu ctio n of gunpow der gradually made the bow and arrow________,partic u larl y in Western Europe.[A] obscur e[B] obsole te[C] option al[D] overla pping29. Whoever formul atedthe theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________ and needsprovin g.[A] sponta n eous[B] hypoth etical[C] intuitive[D] empiri cal30. The future of this compan y is ________: many of its talent ed employ ees areflowin g into more profit ablen et-basedbusinesses.[A] at odds[B] in troubl e[C] in vain[D] at stakeSectio n II ClozeT estDirect ions:For each number ed blankin the following passag e, thereare four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackeningthe corres pondi ng letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The govern mentis to ban paymen ts to witnes ses by newspa persseekin g to buy up people involv ed in promin ent cases31 the trialof Rosema ry West.In a signif icant32of legal contro l s over the press,Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introdu ce a 33bill that will propose making paymen ts to witnes ses 34and will strictly control the amount of 35that can be givento a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairm an of the Houseof Common s Medi aSelect Committee, Lord Irvine said he 37with a commit tee report this year whichsaid that self regula tiondid not 38suffic i ent contro l.39of the letter came two days afterLord Irvine caused a 40of mediaprotes t when he said the 41of privacy contro l s contai ned in Europe an legisl ation wouldbe left to judges42to Parlia m ent.The Lord Chancellorsaid introdu ctio n of the HumanRights Bill, which43the Europe an Conven tionon HumanRights legall y 44in Britai n, laid down that everyb ody was 45to privacy and that public figure s coul dg o to courtto protec t themse lvesand their famili es.“Pressfreedo ms will be in safe hands46our Britis h judges,” he said.Witnes s paymen ts became an 47afterW est was senten ced to 10 life senten ces in 1995. Up to 19 witnes ses were 48to have receiv ed paymen ts for tellin g theirstorie s to newspa pers. Concern s were raised49witnes ses mightbe encour agedto exagge ratetheirstorie s in court to 50guilty verdic ts.31. [A] as to[B] for instan ce[C] in partic ular[D] such as32. [A] tighte n ing[B] intensifyin g[C] focusi ng[D] fasten ing33. [A] sketch[B] rough[C] prelim inary[D] draft34. [A] illogi cal[B] illegal[C] improb able[D] improp er35. [A] public i ty[B] penalty[C] popula rity[D] peculi arity36. [A] since[B] if[C] before[D] as37. [A] sided[B] shared[C] compli ed[D] agreed38. [A] presen t[B] offer[C] manife st[D] indicate39. [A] Releas e[B] Public ation[C] Printi ng[D] Exposu re40. [A] storm[B] rage[C] flare[D] flash41. [A] transl ation[B] interp retation[C] exhibi tion[D] demonstrati on42. [A] better than[B] otherthan[C] rather than[D] sooner than43. [A] change s[B] makes[C] sets[D] turns44. [A] bindin g[B] convin cing[C] restra ining[D] sustai ning45. [A] authorized[B] credit ed[C] entitl ed[D] qualif i ed46. [A] with[B] to[C] from[D] by47. [A] impact[B] inciden t[C] infere n ce[D] issue48. [A] stated[B] remark ed[C] said[D] told49. [A] what[B] when[C] which[D] that50. [A] assure[B] confid e[C] ensure[D] guaran teeSectio n III Readin g Compreh ensi onDirect ions:Each of the passag es belowi s follow ed by some questi ons. For each questi on th ereare four answers marked[A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passag es carefu lly and choose the best answer to each of the questi ons. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackeningthe corres pondi ng letter in the bracke ts with a pencil.(40 points)T ext 1Specia lizat ion can be seen as a respon se to the proble m of an increa singaccumu latio n of scient ificknowle dge. By splitt ing up the subjec t matter into smalle r units,one man couldcontin ue to handle the inform ation and use it as the basisfor furthe r resear ch. But specia lization was only one of a series of relate d develo pment s in scienc e affecting the proces s of commun icati on. Anothe r was the growin g professionalisati on of scientificactivi ty.No clear-cut distin ction can be drawnbetwee n profes siona ls and amateu rs in scienc e: except ionscan be foundto any rule. Nevert heles s, theword“amateu r”doescarrya connot ation that the person concer ned is not fullyintegr atedinto the scient ificcommun ity and, in partic ular, may not fullyshareits values. The growth of specia lizat ion in the ninete enthcentur y, with its conseq uentrequir ement of a longer, more comple x traini ng, implie d greate r proble ms for amateu r partic ipati on in scienc e. The trendwas naturally most obviou s in thoseareasof scienc e basedespeci allyon a mathem atical or labora torytraini ng, and can be illust rated in term sof the develo pment of geolog y in the United Kingdom.A compar isonof Britis h geolog icalpublic ation s over the last centur y and a half reveal s not simply an increa singemphas is on the primac y of resear ch, but also a changi ng defini tionof what consti tutes an accept ableresear ch paper.Thus, in the ninete enthcentur y, localgeolog icalstudie s repres ented worthw hileresear ch in theirown right;but, in the twenti eth centur y, localstudie s have increa singl y become accept ableto profes siona ls only if they incorp orate, and reflec t on, the widergeolog icalpictur e. Amateu rs, on the otherhand, have contin ued to pursue localstudie s in the old way. The overal l result has been to make entran ce to profes siona l geolog icaljourna ls harder for amateu rs, a result that has been reinfo rcedby thewidesp readintrod uctio n of refere eing,firstby nation al journa ls in the ninete enthcentur y and then by severa l localgeolog icaljourna ls in the twenti eth centur y. As a logica l conseq uence of this develo pment, separa te journa ls have now appear ed aimedmainly toward s either profes siona l or amateu r reader ship.A rather simila r proces s of differ entia tionhas led to profes siona l geolog istscoming togeth er nation allywithin one or two specif ic societ ies, wherea s the amateu rs have tended either to remain in localsociet ies or to come togeth er nation allyin a differ ent way.Althou gh the proces s of profes siona lisat ion and specia lizat ion was alread y well underway in Britis h geolog y during the ninete enthcentur y, its full conseq uence s were thus delaye d untilthe twenti eth centur y. In scienc e genera lly, howeve r, the ninete enthcentur y must be reckon ed as the crucia l period for this change in the struct ure of scienc e.51. The growth of specia lization in the 19th century might be more clearl y seen inscienc es such as ________.[A] sociol ogy and chemis try[B] physic s and psychol ogy[C] sociol ogy and psychology[D] physic s and chemis try52. We can inferf rom the passag e that ________.[A] thereis little distin ction betwee n specia l ization and profes siona lisat ion[B] amateu rs can compet e with profes sionals in some areasof scienc e[C] professional s tend to welcom e amateu rs into the scientificcommun ity[D] amateu rs have nation al academ i c societi es but no local ones53. The author writes of the develo pment of geolog y to demons trate ________.[A] the proces s of specia lizati on and profes sionalisation[B] the hardsh i p of amateu rs in scientificstudy[C] the change of polici es in scientificpublic ation s[D] the discriminati on of profes sional s against amateu rs54. The direct reason for specia lizati on is ________.[A] the develo pment in commun icati on[B] the growth of profes sionalisation[C] the expansion of scientificknowle dge[D] the splitting up of academ ic societi esT ext 2A greatdeal of attent ion is beingpaid todayto the so-called digita l divide -- thedivisi on of the worldinto the info (inform ation) rich and the info poor. And that divide does existtoday.My wife and I lectur ed aboutthis loomin g danger twenty yearsago. What was less visibl e then, however, were the new, positi ve forces that work agains t the digita l divide. Thereare reason s to be optimi stic.Thereare techno logic al reason s to hope the digita l divide will narrow. As the Intern et become s more and more commer ciali zed, it is in the intere st of busine ss to univer saliz e access -- afterall, the more people online, the more potent ial custom ers thereare. More and more govern ments, afraid theircountr ies will be left behind, want to spread Intern et access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billio n people on the planet will be netted togeth er. As a result, I now believ e the digita l divide will narrow rather than widenin the yearsahead. And that is very good news becaus e the Intern et may well be the most powerf ul tool for combat ing worldpovert ythatwe’veeverhad.Of course, the use of the Intern etisn’ttheonlywaytodefeat povert y. And the Intern et is not the only tool we have. But it has enormo us potent ial.To take advant age of this tool, some impove rishe d countr ies will have to get over theiroutdat ed anti-coloni al prejud iceswith respec t to foreig n invest ment. Countr ies that stillthinkforeig n invest mentis an invasi on of theirsovere ignty mightwell studythe histor y of infras truct ure (the basicstruct uralfounda tions of a societ y) in the United States. When the United States builtits indust rialinfras truct ure, it didn’thavethecapita l to do so. And that is why Americ a’sSecond Wave infras truct ure -- includ ing roads,harbor s, highwa ys, portsand so on -- were builtwith foreig n invest ment.The Englis h, the German s, the Dutchand the French were invest ing in Britai n’sformer colony. They financ ed them. Immigr ant Americ ans builtthem. Guesswho owns them now? The Americ ans. I believ e the same thingwouldbe true in places like Brazil or anywhe re else for that matter. The more foreig n capita l you have helpin g you buildyour ThirdWave infras truct ure, whichtodayis an electr onicinfras truct ure, the betteroffyou’regoingto be. That doesn’tmean lyingdown and becomi ng fooled, or lettin g foreig n corpor ation s run uncont rolle d. But it does mean recogn izing how import ant they can be in buildi ng the energy and teleco m infras truct uresneeded to take full advant age of the Intern et.55. Digita l divide is someth ing ________.[A] gettin g worsebecaus e of the Intern et[B] the rich countr i es are respon sible for[C] the worldmust guardagains t[D] consid eredpositi ve today56. Govern m ents attach importanceto the Intern et becaus e it ________.[A] offers econom ic potenti als[B] can bringforeig n funds[C] can soon wipe out worldpoverty[D] connec ts people all over the world57. The writer mentio n ed the case of the United States to justif y the policy of________.[A] provid ing financi al support overse as[B] preven tingf oreig n capita l’s contro l[C] buildi ng indust rialinfras tructure[D] accepting foreig n investment58. It seemsthat now a countr y’s econom y depend s much on ________.[A] how well-develo ped it is electr onically[B] whethe r it is prejudicedagainst immigr ants[C] whethe r it adopts Americ a’s indust rial patter n[D] how much control it has over foreig n corpor ation sT ext 3Why do so many Americ ans distru st what they read in theirn ewspa pers? The Americ an Society of Newspa per Editor s is trying to answer this painfu l questi on. The organi zatio n is deep into a long self-analysis knownas the journalismcredib i lity project.Sad to say, this projec t has turned out to be mostly low-levelfindin g s abou tfactual errors and spelli ng and gramma r mistak es, combin ed with lots of head-scratchingpuzzle m ent aboutwhat in the worldthosereader s really want.But the source s of distru st go way deeper. Most journa lists learnto see the worldthroug h a set of standa rd templa tes (patter ns) into whichtheyplugeachday’sevents. In otherwords, thereis a conven tiona l storyline in the newsro om cultur e that provid es a backbone and a ready-m ade narrative structu re for otherwi se confusing news.Thereexists a social and cultur al discon nectbetwee n journa lists and theirreader s, whichhelpsexplai nwhythe“standa rd templa tes”ofthenewsro om seem aliento many reader s. In a recent survey, questi onnai res were sent to report ers in five middle-size cities around the countr y, plus one largemetrop olita n area. Then reside nts in thesecommun ities were phoned at random and askedthe same questi ons.Replie s show that compar ed with otherAmeric ans, journa lists are more likely to live in upscal e neighb orhoo ds, have maids, own Merced eses, and tradestocks, and they’relesslikely to go to church, do volunt eer work, or put down rootsin a commun ity.Report ers tend to be part of a broadl y define d social and cultur al elite, so theirwork tendsto reflec t the conven tiona l values of this elite. The astoni shing distru st of the news mediaisn’trooted in inaccu racyor poor report orial skills but in the dailyclashof worldviewsbetwee n report ers and theirreader s.This is an explos ive situat ion for any indust ry, partic ularl y a declin ing one. Here is a troubl ed busine ss that keepshiring employ ees whoseattitu des vastly annoythe custom ers. Then it sponso rs lots of sympos iumsand a credib ility projec t dedica ted to wonder ing why custom ers are annoye d and fleein g in largenumber s. But it neverseemsto get around to notici ng the cultur al and classbiases that so many former buyers are compla ining about.If it did, it wouldopen up its divers ity progra m, now focuse d narrow ly on race and gender, and look for report ers who differ broadl y by outloo k, values, educat ion, and class.59. What is the passag e mainly about?[A] needsof the reader s all over the world[B] causes of the public disapp ointm ent aboutn ewspa pers[C] origin s of the declin ing newspa per indust ry[D] aims of a journalismcredib i lity projec t60. The result s of the journalismcredib i lity projec t turned out to be________.[A] quitetrustw orthy[B] somewh at contra dicto ry[C] very illumi natin g[D] rather superf i cial61. The basicproble m of journalists as pointe d out by the writer lies in their________.[A] workin g attitu de[B] conven tional lifestyle[C] worldoutloo k[D] educational backgr ound62. Despit e its effort s, the newspa per indust ry still cannot satisf y the reader s owingto its ________.[A] failur e to realiz e its real proble m[B] tenden cy to hire annoyi ng reporters[C] likeli nessto do inaccu ratereporting[D] prejudice in matter s of race and genderT ext 4The worldis goingthroug h the bigges t wave of merger s and acquis ition s ever witnes sed. The proces s sweeps from hypera ctive Americ a to Europe and reache s the emergi ng countr ies with unsurp assed might.Many in thesecountr ies are lookin g atthis proces s and worryi ng: “Won’tthewaveofbusine ss concen trati on turn into an uncont rolla ble anti-compet itive force?”There’snoques ti on that the big are gettin g bigger and more powerf ul. Multin ation al corpor ation s accoun ted for less than 20% of intern ation al tradein 1982. Todaythe figure is more than 25% and growin g rapidl y. Intern ation al affili atesaccoun t for a fast-growin g segmen t of produc tionin econom ies that open up and welcom e foreig n invest ment. In Argent ina, for instan ce, afterthe reform s of the early1990s,multin ation als went from 43% to almost70% of the indust rialproduc tionof the 200 larges t firms. This phenom enonh as create d seriou s concern s over the role of smalle r econom ic firms, of nation al busine ssmen and over the ultimate stability of the worldeconom y.I believ e that the most import ant forces behind the massiv e M&A wave are the same that underl ie the global izati on proces s: fallin g transp ortat ion and commun icati on costs,lowertradeand invest mentbarrie rs and enlarg ed market s that requir e enlarg ed operat ionscapabl e of meetin g custom er’sdemand s. All theseare benefi cial,not detrim ental, to consum ers. As produc tivit y grows, the world’swealth increa ses.Exampl es of benefi ts or costsof the curren t concen trati on wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagin e that the merger of a few oil firmstodaycouldre-create the same threat s to compet ition that were feared nearly a centur y ago in the U.S., when the Standa rd Oil Trustwas broken up. The merger s of teleco m compan ies, such as WorldC om, hardly seem to bringhigher prices for consum ers or a reduct ion in the pace of techni cal progre ss. On the contra ry, the priceof commun icati ons is coming down fast. In cars, too, concen trati on is increa sing-- witnes s Daimle r and Chrysl er, Renaul t and Nissan -- but it does not appear that consum ers are beinghurt.Yet the fact remain s that the merger moveme nt must be watche d. A few weeksago, Alan Greens pan warned agains t the megame rgers in the bankin g indust ry. Who is goingto superv ise, regula te and operat e as lender of last resort with the gigant ic banksthat are beingcreate d? Won’tmultin ation als shiftproduc tionfrom one placeto anothe r when a nation gets too strict aboutinfrin gemen ts to fair compet ition? And should one countr y take upon itselftheroleof“defend ing compet ition”onissues that affect many othernation s, as in the U.S. vs. Micros oft case?63. What is the typical trendof busine ssestoday?[A] to take in more foreig n funds[B] to invest more abroad[C] to combin e and become bigger[D] to tradewith more countr ies64. According to the author, one of the drivin g forces behind M&A wave is ________.[A] the greate r custom er demand s[B] a surplu s supply for the market[C] a growin g produc tivity[D] the increa se of the world’s wealth65. From Paragr aph 4 we can inferthat ________.[A] the increa singconcen trati on is certai n to hurt consum ers[B] WorldCom serves as a good exampl e of both benefi ts and costs[C] the costsof the global izati on proces s are enormou s[D] the Standa rd Oil Trustmighth ave threat enedcompetition66. Toward the new busine ss wave, the writer’s attitu de can be said to be ________.[A] optimi stic[B] objective[C] pessim istic[D] biasedT ext 5When I decide d to quit my full time employ mentit neveroccurr ed to me that I mightbecome a part of a new intern ation al trend.A latera l move that hurt my prideand blocke d my profes siona l progre ss prompt ed me to abando n my relati velyhigh profil e career althou gh, in the manner of a disgra ced govern mentminist er, I covere d my exit by claimi ng“Iwanted to spendmore time with my family”.Curiou sly, some two-and-a-half yearsand two novels later,my experi mentin what the Americ ansterm“downsh iftin g”hasturned my tiredexcuse into an absolu te realit y. I have been transf ormed from a passio nateadvoca te of the philos ophyof “having it all,”preach ed by LindaKelsey for the past sevenyearsin the page of She magazi ne, into a womanwho is happyto settle for a bit of everyt hing.I have discov ered, as perhap s Kelsey will afterher much-public izedresign ation from the editor shipof She aftera build-up of stress, that abando ningthe doctri ne of “juggli ng your life,”andmaking the altern ativemoveinto“downsh iftin g”brings with it far greate r reward s than financ ial succes s and social status. Nothin g couldpersua de me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advoca te and I once enjoye d:12-hour workin g days, pressu red deadli nes, the fearfu l strain of office politi cs and the limita tions of beinga parenton“qualit ytime”.In Americ a, the move away from juggli ng to a simple r, less materi alist ic lifest yle is a well-establ ished trend.Downsh iftin g -- also knownin Americ a as “volunt ary simpli city”-- has, ironic ally,even bred a new area of what mightbe termed anti-consum erism. Thereare a number of best-sellin g downsh iftin g self-help booksfor people who want to simpli fy theirlives; thereare newsle tters, such as The Tightw ad Gazett e, that give hundre ds of thousa nds of Americ ans useful tips on。
2001年全国高考英语试题及答案
2001年全国高考英语试题及答案第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分) 作题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
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案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例 :How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.15. C. ￡9.18. 答案是B 1. Where did this conversation most probably take place? A. At a concert. B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant. 2. What did Paul do this morning? A. A. He He He had had had a a a history history history lesson. lesson. B. B. He He He had had had a a a chemistry chemistry chemistry lesson. lesson. C. C. He He He attended attended attended a a meeting. 3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation? A. He's anxious to see his sister. B. He wrote to his sister last month. C. He's expecting a letter from his sister. 4. At what time does the train to Leeds leave? A.3:00. B.3:15. C.5:00. 5. What is the man's problem? A. He can't decide how to go. B. He can't drive himself. C. He doesn't like travelling by train. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 听下面5段对话或独白。
2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading ComprehensionSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【B1】the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【B2】of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【B3】bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【B4】and will strictly control the amount of【B5】that can be given to a case【B6】a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he【B7】with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【B8】sufficient control. 【B9】of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【B10】of media protest when he said the【B11】of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【B12】to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【B13】the European Convention on Human Rights legally【B14】in Britain, laid down that everybody was【B15】to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands【B16】our British judges”, he said. Witness payments became an【B17】after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【B18】to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【B19】witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【B20】guilty verdicts.1．【B1】A．as toB．for instanceC．in particularD．such as正确答案：D解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
2001全国英语卷1(附答案)
2001全国英语卷1(附答案)第一卷(共115分)一、听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
10例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案为B.1. Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concert.B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lesson.C. He attended a meeting.3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A. He's anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He's expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A. 3:00.B. 3:15.C. 5:00.5. What is the man's problem?A. She can't decide how to go.B. He can't drive himself.C. He doesn't like travelling by train.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2001年考研英语一真题答案解析
2001年考研英语一真题答案解析题目解析阅读理解题Passage 1题目：According to this letter, the writer _______.选项： A. is eager to get a reply B. is ready to give up smoking C. has never contacted Western Union before D. wants to do something for Sylvia答案：A. is eager to get a reply解析：根据信件内容，作者询问是否能收到信件，并希望尽快收到回复。
因此答案选A。
Passage 2题目：According to the passage, the British Museum is a good place to go for people who want to ______.选项： A. learn about the wars in the world B. visit an Egyptian tomb C. meet the king of the world D. visit the Museum of London答案：B. visit an Egyptian tomb解析：根据文章内容，英国博物馆有开放的埃及古墓供游客参观，因此答案选B。
翻译题题目：Our ordinary lives will not be much affected, as the digital divide simply mirrors existing divisions in society.答案：我们的普通生活不会受到太大的影响，因为数字鸿沟只是反映了社会中现有的分歧。
解析：本题要求翻译一句英文句子。
根据题目中的提示信息，我们了解到数字鸿沟只是对社会中现有分歧的一种反映。
因此答案如上。
完型填空题题目：(1) _______ color is more likely to cause me more trouble than any other. (2) _______选项： A. If B. While C. Although D. Unless答案：C. Although解析：在关键句中，介词“although”用于连接两个句子，表示转折的关系。
(完整版)2001高考英语试题全国卷及答案
绝密★启用前2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（听力占20%）英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷1至14页。
第二卷1至4页。
共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第一卷（三部门，共115分）注意事项：1.答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
听力试题第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）作题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答在关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt ?A．£19.15 B．£9.15 C．£9.18答案是B。
1．Where did this conversation most probably take place ?A．At a concert . B．At a flower shop . C．At a restaurant . 2．What did Paul do this moming ?A．He had a history lsson . B．He had a chemistry lesson .C．He attended a mecting .3．What can we lean about the man from the conversation ?A．He’s anxious to see his sister .B．He wrote to his sister last month.C．He’s expecting a letter from his sister .4．At what time does the train to Leeds leave ?A．3:00 B．3:15 C．5:005．W hat is the man’s problem?A．He can’t decide how to go .B．He can’t drive himself .C．H e doesn’t like traveling by train .第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2001年考研英语真题答案及解析 (1)
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。
第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。
最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。
在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。
结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。
因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。
首先排除as to和in particular。
for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。
如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。
选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。
首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。
2001年考研英语真题答案
12001年考研英语真题答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)Part A (5 points)Part B (10 points)Section II: Cloze Text (10 points) Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71. 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标 (违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。
72. 儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字体时代就来到了。
73. 皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
74. 但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。
”275. 家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病 -- 厨房狂躁。
Section V: Writing (20 points) 76. 参考范文This picture is a symbol that tells us how we should use our love: our love is like a lamp; the darker the place, the brighter the light. Indeed, love is most precious when it is offered to someone who is in difficulty.I can tell you a real story here. When I was a child, my family moved to the countryside. Among our new neighbors was a paralyzed woman. As an innocent child, I somehow showed some interest in her. When I had time, I would to see her. When I had something to eat, I would let her share with me. One day she suddenly said to me, tear in her eyes, “I will bless you when I am in heaven.” I knew my love for her had worked wonders, for I had never heard her speaking and I thought she had lost her ability to speak. Her blessing may have really worked for I have been a lucky person in work and in life.As far as I understand, love is sympathy and sincerity that needs not be expressed in terms of money or sweet words. As the proverb goes, “a hand may smell fragrant when it gives roses to others.” I believe love is the most precious thing in the world and we should give it to those who need it most.。
2001年考研英语真题及解析
Passage 1
Specialisa on can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumula on of scien fic knowledge. By spli ng up the subject ma er into smaller units ，one man could con nue to handle the informa on and use it atsh e basis for further esearch. But specialisa on was onloyne of a series orfe lated
9 of the le er came two dsa ya er Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legisla on would be le to judg1e2s to Parliament.
15.［A］authorized ［B］credited
16.［A］with
［B］to
17.［A］impact
［B］incident
18.［A］stated
［B］remarked
［C］en tled ［C］from
［C］inference ［C］said
［D］qualified ［D］by
［B］offer
［C］manifest
9.［A］Release
［B］Publica on ［C］Prin ng
2001年考研英语真题答案及解析（1）
2001年考研英语真题答案及解析（1）2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要禁止报界买断证人新闻的举动。
第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个问题上的态度。
最后一段介绍了露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的始末。
在该案件中由于很多证人通过讲述他们的经历而从媒体获得报酬，结果导致被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。
结论为付款给证人的做法成为一个颇有争议的问题。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]as to关于，至于[B]for instance举例[C]in particular特别地[D]such as例如[答案]D[解析]本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。
解答该题时，考生需要判断空格前后部分prominent cases和The trial of Rosemary West之间的关系，前者泛指“一些著名的案件”，后者是一个具体的案件，即“对露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件的审判”，可见两者是例证关系。
因此，所填入的选项应是一个表示“例如”或“像……一样”的连接词。
首先排除as to和in particular。
for instance（或for example）可表示“举例”，但放在句中多为插入语，且后面不可直接加宾语。
如：Here in Chicago,for instance,the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比如在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛发展）。
选项中只有介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的含义。
首段第一句话的结构比较复杂，中心句为The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要禁止报界付钱给证人），现在分词结构seeking to buy up...Rosemary West做后置定语，用来修饰newspapers，意为“试图收买涉及一些要案证人的报纸”。
2001年考研英语真题试卷及答案速查(word版)
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in thepace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I onceenjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the br ain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第四部分写作试题解析二、参考范文As can be seen from this vivid picture, like a light, love means much more to those who are in great difficulty than to those who live in comforts. Love, as illustrated in the picture，is just like the oil lamp，which certainly shines brighter in the dark. In other words，the darker the place is，the more precious the light will be. Love is somewhat the same: it is most needed by those who are in urgent need of help and considered most precious in most difficult situations. Therefore, as people living in the modern society, we all should contribute our love to those needy people.I can exemplify this conclusion with the Poverty Alleviation Project. It is known to all that the Chinese government has been calling for people participating in the project. Obviously, the expression of love can be best demonstrated by helping the poor in some backward regions. Therefore, many college students choose to work in these regions upon graduation. It is in these places that they are most needed and their knowledge can be made best use of.The best way to show our love，in my opinion，is to follow the above mentioned example, giving love to the people during the hours of darkness. So when we see someone in difficulty or in distress，don’t hesitate to offer our hands. I believe the relationship between people will be more harmonious and our society will be abetter place for us to live in. Let’s do as a famous saying goes：Ask not what others can do for you; ask what you can do for others.11。