状语从句与分词作状语的转换
分词作状语+状语从句+倒装句
非谓语动词分词作状语1 Adverb Clause of time时间状语从句1 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏As the day went on, the weather got worse.从句表示"随时间推移"连词用as，不用when 或while.2 恰恰在交通灯变红时，我停住了车。
Just as / When the traffic light turned red, I stopped my car.•不同时发生1 我陪你直到你妈妈回家。
I will stay with you until your mother comes home.I won’t leave you until your mother comes home.2 在拿到钱后，他迅速地离开了银行。
After he had got the money, he left the bank immediately. After having got the money, he left the bank immediately. Before he had got the money, he didn’t leave the bank. Before having got the money, he didn’t leave the bank.3 自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。
He has written to me frequently since I was ill.4 我到家后就给你打电话。
I’ll phone you when I get home.As soon as I get home, I’ll phone you.as soon as表示立即发生。
夏娃在剪草, 亚当种玫瑰。
Eve was cutting the grass while Adam was planting roses.Eve was cutting the grass. At the same time, Adam was planting roses.Eve was cutting the grass. Meanwhile Adam was planting roses.We had a great holiday. we spent a few days in shanghai.we drove down to Hangzhou and stayed there for a week. ,we went back to Nanjing and visited some old friends.• 2. Adverb Clause of Reason 原因状语从句连接主从句because,since, and as后接短语due to, owing to, because of• 2. Adverb Clause of Reason我没有赶上汽车所以我迟到了。
分词作状语练习
分词作状语1. 分词或分词短语作状语时;可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件;方式或伴随状况..通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句..例如：Put into use in April 2000 =When it was put into use in April 2000; the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 2005上海分词短语作时间状语Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network =Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network; Alice was in low spirits. 2006福建分词短语作原因状语Given time =If he is given time; he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. 03北京分词短语作条件状语We often provide our children with toys; footballs or basketballs; thinking that all children like these things. = and think that all children like these things. 2006全国3 分词短语作伴随状语2. 有时为了强调;分词前可带when; while; if; though; as if; unless等连词一起作状语;以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯..例如：When comparing different cultures; we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 2006浙江Though tired; he still continued reading.3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较..不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语;其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致..分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句;如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构;就用过去分词；如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构;就用现在分词..例如：When compared with the size of the whole earth ; the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. 04湖北分词部分相当于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth; 主语与分词是被动关系;所以用过去分词..When comparing it with the size of the whole earth; we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.When we compare it with the size of the whole earth... 主语与分词是主动关系; 所以用现在分词..Faced with a bill for＄10;000=Because he is faced with a bill for＄10;000; John has taken an extra job. 2006全国2Whenever he was asked why he was late for class; he would answer carelessly; always saying the same thing = and he would say the same thing. 2006江苏注意：1. 现在分词有两种时态：一般式doing和完成式having done..一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或无先后；完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作.. 如：While walking in the street; we met some friends of ours.同时发生Having waited in the queue for half an hour; Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. 04北京“等待”先于谓语动词“意识到”2. 分词的否定式的构成: not +分词.. Not having received a reply; he decided to write again.练习：Part A: Multiple choices.单选1.______;I went to the railway station to see my friend off.A. After eating quickly my dinnerB. After my quickly eating dinnerC. After eating my dinner quicklyD. After eating my quickly dinner2.Although he is considered a great writer;______.A. his works are not widely readB. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely readD. still his works are not widely read3.You will be late you leave immediately.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. Or4.---What was the party like---Wonderful. It’s years ______I enjoyed myself so much.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. since5.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill; especially ______Father was away in France.A. asB. thatC. duringD. if6.She thought I was talking about her daughter;______;in fact; I was talking about my daughter.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. while7.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water; it looks as if______.1995A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken8.If we work with a strong will; we can overcome any difficulty; ______great it is.A. whatB. howC. howeverD. whatever9.After living in Paris for fifty years; he returned to the small town ____he grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when10.After the war; a new school building was set up______ there had once beena theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when11.Why do you want a new job______ you’ve got such a good one alreadyA. thatB. whereC. whichD. when12.---I’m going to the post office.---______you’re there; can you get me some stampsA. AsB. WhileC. BecauseD. If 199913.______you’ve got a chance; you might as well make full use of it.A. Now thatB. AfterC. AlthoughD. As soon as14.You should make it a rule to leave things ______you can find them again.A. whenB. whereC. thenD. there15.We’ll have to finish the job;______. 1999A. long it takes howeverB. it takes however longC. long however it takesD. however long it takes16.The WTO cannot live up to its name ______it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. 2000A. as long asB. whileC. ifD. even though17.It is generally believed that teaching is ______it is a science.A. an art much asB. much an art asC. as an art muchD. as much an art as18.A computer can only do _____you have instructed it to do.A. howB. afterC. whatD. when19..John shut everybody out of the kitchen ________he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A. whichB. whenC. so thatD. if20. The mother didn’t know____to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. whoB. whenC. howD. what21. Don’t be afraid of asking for help ________ it is needed.A. unlessB. sinceC. althoughD. when22.A fast food restaurant is the place; ________; just as the name suggests; eating is performed quickly.A. whichB. whereC. thereD. whatPart B: 状语从句与分词短语作状语的转换① After he finished his homework; he went out to play._____________________; he went out to play.② Because they were blind; how could they know what the elephant looks like_____________________; how could they know what the elephant looks like③ If you are travelling north; you must change at Leeds._____________________; you must change at Leeds④ Though he admitted that he had received the stolen jewellery; he denied 否认having taken part in the robbery._____________________; he denied否认having taken part in the robbery.⑤ If weather permits; I’ll go there on foot. _____________________; I’ll go there on foot.Part C: Put the following into English.1. 既然你已经长大了_____________________; you must stop this childish behaviour. now that2. I’ll tell you about it___________________________你一来到 the moment3. 我们刚到家 _____________________it began to rain. hardly…when4. 有志者;事竟成 ______________________; there is a way.5. They went ______________________________________.任何能够找到工作的地方wherever6. 由于他很匆忙____________________; he left his bag at home. as7. 这是如此美好的一天以致于所有学生都外出了..It was so _______ ______ ______ that all of the students went out.It was such _______ ______ ______ that all of the students went out.8. He took my shoes________________________以便我不能离开那房子..9. ___________________只要你明白了;we shall say no more about it.as long as10. 无论谁打电话来_________________________; say I’m out.Keys: 状语从句练习：Part A:1-5 CAADA 6-10DCCBB 11-15 DBABD 16-20CDCCA 21-22 DBPart B: 状语从句与分词短语作状语的转换Finishing his homework; he went out to play.Being blind; how could they know what …Travelling north; you must change at Leeds.Admitting that he had…; he denied having taken…Weather permitting; I’ll go there on foot.Part C:1.Now that you’ve grown up2. the moment you come3. hardly had we got home when4. Where there is a will5. wherever they could find work6. As he was in a hurry7. lovely a day/a lovely day8. so that I couldn’t leave the house9. As long as you understand 10. No matter who telephones/ Whoever telephones二、状语从句与分词短语作状语的转换① After he finished his homework; he went out to play._____________________; he went out to play.② Because they were blindadj. 瞎的;盲的; how could they know what the elephant大象 looks like_____________________; how could they know what the elephant looks like③ If you are travelling旅行 north向北方; you must change改变 at Leeds._____________________; you must change at Leeds④ Though虽然he admitted承认 that he had received收到 the stolensteal 偷的过去分词jewellery; he denied否认having taken part in the robbery抢劫._____________________; he denied否认having taken part in the robbery.⑤If weather permits; I’ll go there on foot._____________________________; I’ll go there on foot步行.答案：一、单项选择 BBAAD CABBC ACD二、状语从句与分词短语作状语的转换Finishing his homework; he went out to play.Being blind; how could they know what …Travelling north; you must change at Leeds.Admitting that he had…; he denied having taken…Weather permitting; I’ll go there on foot.。
状语从句与分词作状语的转换
状语从句与分词作状语的转换时间、原因等状语从句可以转换成分词作状语，但这种转换是有条件的，也有一定的规律可循。
一、基本规则,也是最重要的规则是:从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致，变从句而主句不变.如：They did not go to the Summer Palace because they had a lot of work to do．由于从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，可以把从句中because和they去掉，把had变成having，即成现在分词短语作原因状语：Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the Summer Palace．二、从句如果表示主动、完成，进行的动作，则转换成现在分词;如果表示被动，则转换成过去分词。
1．When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out．从句中，he was与heard是主动关系，表示“他听见”。
则可变成现在分词作时间状语。
Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out．2．The boy Cater went up to his teacher and said“sorry"because he was great—ly touched by his words．从句中，he was touched是被动关系，是“孩子被深深地触动了”,则变成过去分词作原因状语。
Greatly touched by his teacher’s words,the boy laterwent up to him and said“sorry”．三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，该怎么办？请看下例：1．As the heroes’ deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder．句中，主句的主语是they，而从句主语是the heroes’deeds，主语不一致，这时可以把从句变换一下句型，变成被动语态.即成Asthey were deeplymoved by the heroes’deeds．从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，就可转换成: Deeply moved by the heroes'deeds，they decided to study even harder．下列的句子中主语也是不同的。
过去分词作状语用法
过去分词作状语用法“四注意”一、注意其具体功能过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词动作发生时的背景或状况，可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随、方式等。
过去分词前面可带when, while, if, unless, though等。
如：Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words, I have made up my mind to study English even harder. 老师的鼓励下，我决心更加努力地学习英语。
（原因）When heated, ice can be changed into water. 冰加热时变成水。
（时间）二、注意其适当位置过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
如：Given more time, he can do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，他就能把它做得更好。
（条件）The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. 训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。
（伴随）Although built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. 尽管这座房子是30年前建造的，它看起来依然很漂亮。
（让步）三、注意其逻辑主语过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。
如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，这时必须在过去分词前加上主格的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
如：Seen in the dark night, lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky. 夜里看时，高楼楼顶的灯像是天空中的星星。
考研长难句：非谓语动词之分词
考研长难句：非谓语动词之分词1．分词作定语（1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。
其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例如：Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?）预定的座位在哪里？This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。
（2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
例如：The funds raised（= which have been raised）are mainly used for helping the homeless.筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。
There are many students waiting（= who are waiting）to get examined.有许多学生在等待检查。
This book,written（= which is written）in simple English,is suitable for beginners.本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。
（3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。
例如：The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。
The newly-built building is our office building.这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
（4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。
这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。
过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语知识点包括过去分词(短语)作状语、过去分词(短语)作状语的用法、过去分词(短语)作状语应注意的问题、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别、过去分词作表语等部分，有关过去分词(短语)作状语的详情如下：过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明动作发生的背景或情况，在意义上相当于状语从句，可以跟状语从句转换，表示时间、让步、结果、方式等。
其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为动宾关系。
过去分词(短语)作状语的用法1．时间状语过去分词(短语)作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，可以在其前加上when，while，until等，使其时间意义更明确；该状语可置于句首、句尾或主语与谓语之间。
从时间意义上看，该动作常表示先于谓语动作发生，也可与谓语动作同时发生。
Told that his mother was seriously ill，Li Ping hurried home quickly.被告知妈妈病得很严重，李平急忙跑回了家。
(先于谓语动作发生)Seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.＝When(it is)seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，城市显得更美丽。
(与谓语动作同时发生)2．原因状语过去分词(短语)作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句，多位于句首，偶尔也出现在句尾或句中。
Moved by the heroic deeds，the children couldn't help crying.孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。
Lost in thought，he almost knocked into a tree.由于陷入了沉思，他差点撞到树上。
状语从句和分词作状语的转换
状语从句与分词作状语的转换时间、原因等状语从句可以转换成分词作状语，但这种转换是有条件的，也有一定的规律可循。
一、基本规则，也是最重要的规则是：从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致，变从句而主句不变。
如：They did not go to the Summer Palace because they had a lot of work to do．由于从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，可以把从句中because和they去掉，把had变成having，即成现在分词短语作原因状语：Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the Summer Palace．二、从句如果表示主动、完成，进行的动作，则转换成现在分词；如果表示被动，则转换成过去分词。
1．When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out．从句中，he was与heard是主动关系，表示“他听见”。
则可变成现在分词作时间状语。
Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out．2．The boy Cater went up to his teacher and said“sorry”because he was great-ly touched by his words．从句中，he was touched是被动关系，是“孩子被深深地触动了”，则变成过去分词作原因状语。
Greatly touched by his teacher's words，the boy laterwent up to him and said“sorry”．三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，该怎么办？请看下例：1．As the heroes' deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder．句中，主句的主语是they，而从句主语是the heroes'deeds，主语不一致，这时可以把从句变换一下句型，变成被动语态。
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做状语及与状语从句的相互转化与语法填空的应用
非谓语动词作状语高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1．不定式作状语；2．-ing分词作状语；3．-ed分词作状语。
一、不定式结构作状语不定式结构作状语通常有以下几种情况：1、目的状语（分词一般不能作目的状语）He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。
To get there in time, we got up very early.= In order to get there in time, we got up very early.= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.2、原因状语不定式结构作原因状语常用在作表语用的形容词后。
I’m sorry to hear that .We’re proud to b e young people of China .We are glad to hear the news．3、结果状语不定式结构作结果状语，有时表示未曾预料到的、或令人不快的结果。
（常和only连用）。
He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left .★而现在分词作结果状语常常是可以预料的结果，是伴随谓语动词而产生的自然结果The police opened fire ,killing the robber .He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有时，不定式还可修饰一个句子，表明说话人的态度。
现在分词作状语独立主格结构讲义-高三英语二轮复习
高考英语语法应用讲解一、现在分词作状语在写作中的应用（一）现在分词做时间状语现在分词表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生，就用一般式：Ving例句1:Hearing the good news, they all jumped with joy.听到这个好消息，他们都高兴得跳起来。
可以用时间状语从句替换：When they heard the good news, they all jumped with joy.例句2：Standing on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.站在舞台上，紧张感油然而生。
可以用时间状语从句替换：When I stood on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.仿写练习：看着这些照片，往日记忆涌上心头。
1.用现在分词作时间状语：_______________________________2.可以改为时间状语从句：_______________________________【答案】1.Seeing these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind2.When I saw these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind.在强调现在分词动作先于谓语动作时，用完成式：having doneeg:Having eaten her lunch, the girl rushed out.那女孩吃完了午饭就跑出去了.（先吃eat 后跑出rush out)Having thought about the present situation for a while, Roy decided to apologize to Jane .思考现状一会儿后，Roy 决定向Jane道歉。
条件状语从句的引导词及句型转换
条件状语从句的引导词及句型转换条件状语从句是英语中常用的一种从句结构，用来表示条件、原因、目的等。
在条件状语从句中，引导词起着引导句子结构的作用，而句型转换则可以使表达更加灵活多样。
本文将介绍条件状语从句的常见引导词及句型转换方法。
一、条件状语从句的引导词常见的条件状语从句引导词有：if, whether, unless, provided (that), as long as等。
1. IfIf是条件状语从句的最常见引导词，表示“如果”，可用来引导真实条件状语从句与虚拟条件状语从句。
例如：- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.- If I were you, I would take the job.2. WhetherWhether是用来引导陈述句的间接疑问句，表示“是否”。
例如：- I don't know whether he will come to the party or not.3. UnlessUnless表示“除非”，相当于if...not，引导否定条件状语从句。
例如：- You will fail the exam unless you study hard.4. Provided (that)Provided (that)表示“只要”，相当于as long as。
例如：- You can go out to play provided (that) you finish your homework.二、条件状语从句的句型转换条件状语从句可以通过句型转换来增加语言表达的多样性。
1. 将条件状语从句改为条件状语从句的省略句当主句与条件从句的主语和谓语相同时，可以将从句中的主语和be 动词省略。
例如：- If you come late, you will miss the train.变为：Come late, you will miss the train.2. 将条件状语从句改为条件状语从句的倒装句当主句与条件从句中的某些状语或状语修饰语倒装时，可以将条件从句改为倒装句。
必修四-Unit4 现在分词作状语
小试牛刀：
1.The child slipped and fell, _h__it_t_i_n_g___(hit) his head against the door.
2.The old man died, _l_e_a_v_i_n_g__(leave) nothing but debts.
3.He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
Task4 观察例句：
◆ 1.She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground and broke it into pieces. ◆ 2.An big earthquake hit Lushan, causing a great loss.
5. How can you keep her _w__a_i_ti_n_g(等待) in
the rain.
宾语补足语
6. The man _s_t_a_n_d_i_n_g__o_v_e_r__th__e_re_ (站在那里）
is my father. 定语
◆ 1)Yesterday, another student and I , _re_p_r_e_s_e_n_t_in_g__our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students.
现在分词作状语,过去分词作状语,表语,宾补,定语
V-ing （现在分词）作状语v-ed/done(过去分词)作状语，表语，定语，宾补一．现在分词的形式形式主动形式被动形式否定形式一般式doing beingdone not doing/beingdone完成式havingdone having been done not having(been)done二．现在分词作状语辨析：动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别。
辨析：（1）动词的-ing 形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果，常与only 连用，构成“only to do sth.”三．连词+动词的-ing 形式作状语，省略状语从句的主语和系动词be ，表示主动或者正在句子功能例句1.作时间状语，相当于when,while,as,after 等引导的时间状语从句Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.2.作原因状语，相当于as,because,since 等引导的原因状语从句Having eaten too much ,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because he had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.3.作条件状语，相当于if,once,unless 等引导的条件状语从句Using your head,you 'll find a good way.=If you use your head,you'll find a good way.4.作方式或伴随状语，相当于and 连接的并列谓语动词。
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.=Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.5.作结果状语，可扩展为有并列谓语的句子。
现在分词作定语和状语的用法现在分词做状语和定语
现在分词作定语和状语的用法现在分词做状语和定语【导语】学习英语贵在坚持，找到适合自己的方法，多运用多温故。
大了大量英语学习资源，一起来看看吧！一、现在分词在句中作原因状语 1.分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。
与时间状语一样，也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。
当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。
此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。
这样的原因状语可以换成because, as引导的原因状语，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。
= Because he didn"t know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…help.2.当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。
该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。
如：Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.= Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. 因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。
三、现在分词短语在句中可以作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard, you"ll sueed. = If you work hard, you"ll sueed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。
doing作状语
条件状语从句与doing的转换
要点一
如果条件状语从句中主语与主句 主语一致，且含有情态动词或…
“If you come early, you will see him.” 可转换为 “Coming early, you will see him.”
表示导致结果的原因
动词-ing形式还可以表示导致某种结果的原因，强调动作与 结果之间的因果关系。
表示条件
相当于if引导的条件状语从句
动词-ing形式可以表示条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句的简化形式。
表示假设条件
动词-ing形式也可以表示假设条件，即某个动作或状态如果发生或存在，将会 导致什么样的结果。
Although raining heavily, they still went out.（尽管雨下得很大，他们还是出去了。 ）
过去分词作状语
表示时间
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.（一旦看到，就永远不会忘 记。）
表示条件
Given more time, we could have done it better.（如果给我们更 多的时间，我们可以做得更好。）
02
动词-ing形式作状语
表示时间
与谓语动词同时发生
动词-ing形式可以表示与谓语动词同 时发生的动作或状态，相当于一个时 间状语从句。
发生在谓语动词之前
动词-ing形式也可以表示发生在谓语 动词之前的动作，相当于一个时间状 语从句的简化形式。
分词作状语的用法
分词作状语的用法可以肯定地说，分词的状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。
历年的高考英语考题也说明，分词作状语的用法是所有分词用法中最常考的。
因此，本文拟对分词作状语的用法作一小结和分析，同时归纳一些行之有效的做题方法和理解技巧，以帮助同学们掌握其用法。
一、用作时间状语1. 典型例句Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。
2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. After the work was finished, he went home. 3. 高考实例When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷) A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 【分析】此题答案选C，分词短语when comparing different cultures 相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。
二、用作原因状语1. 典型例句Being very weak, she couldn't move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。
Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。
分词作状语
逻辑主语
/非谓语动词
• 是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者；它 们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系， 但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语，因此叫 逻辑主语。 • 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词， 主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分 词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。 非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以 承担句子的其他成分。
Hale Waihona Puke D• 2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success. • A. introducing B. introduced • C. introduce D. being introduced
B
• 3. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.
二．确立句子主语可能是谁
• 确立句子主语可能是谁时，仍然遵循分词 作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一 致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句 子主语。
例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _________. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists • 分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中 “Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分 词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子 的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知“受攻击”的 应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句 意为“大楼因为受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 答
分词作状语
9.2 分词作状语As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. FollowedB. Followed byC. Being followedD. Having been followed2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.A. HeatingB. To be heatedC. HeatedD. Heat掌握其用法可从以下几个方面入手：一、掌握分词作状语时与句子主语的关系1、过去分词作状语时，与句子主语（即过去分词的逻辑主语）存在被动的关系，有时还表示动作已经完成。
例如：Seen from the top of the hill, the train looks like a snake.（表示被动，分词动作与句子谓语动作同时发生）Told many times, he hasn’t remembered it.（表示被动，分词动作先于句子谓语动作发生）而现在分词作状语，与句子主语存在主动关系。
分词作状语——精选推荐
分词作状语⾮谓语动词——分词作状语精讲与精练Traveling at a speed over 400 kilometers per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.英语中，分词作状语主要分以下三种情况：⼀．分词充当状语时，分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语⼀致，即为“分词作状语”⼆．分词充当状语时，分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不⼀致，即为“独⽴主格”三．独⽴主格⼀般需⾃带主语，若省去其主语，则为独⽴主格中的特殊情况，即为“悬垂分词”分词作状语分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句⼦，表⽰动作发⽣的原因、时间、⽅式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1. 形式选择形式意义doing与主句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发⽣，或基本上同时发⽣。
having done与主句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发⽣。
done与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时或⼏乎同时亦可表⽰状态。
having been done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，先于谓语动词发⽣。
being done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,与谓语动词同时发⽣，⼀般很少做状语，除⾮表⽰被动的动作正在进⾏或作原因状语置于句⾸。
分词的否定式是在⼀般式和完成式的前⾯加not (never)+分词The student sat there, not knowing what to do. (否定形式)辨析：done与being done Painted white, the room looks bright.Being painted now, the room can’t be lived i n.___________ (use) as a means of transport in China, the bike is very useful.___________ (use) by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you.2. 句法功能常可转换成相应的状语从句。
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状语从句与分词作状语的转换
时间、原因等状语从句可以转换成分词作状语，但这种转换是有条件的，也有一定的规律可循。
一、基本规则，也是最重要的规则是：从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致，变从句而主句不变。
如：
They did not go to the Summer Palace because they had a lot of work to do．
由于从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，可以把从句中because和they去掉，把had变成having，即成现在分词短语作原因状语：
Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the Summer Palace．
二、从句如果表示主动、完成，进行的动作，则转换成现在分词；如果表示被动，则转换成过去分词。
1．When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out．
从句中，he was与heard是主动关系，表示“他听见”。
则可变成现在分词作时间状语。
Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out．
2．The boy Cater went up to his teacher and said“sorry”because he was great-ly touched by his words．
从句中，he was touched是被动关系，是“孩子被深深地触动了”，则变成过去分词作原因状语。
Greatly touched by his teacher's words，the boy laterwent up to him and said“sorry”．
三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，该怎么办？请看下例：
1．As the heroes' deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder．
句中，主句的主语是they，而从句主语是the heroes'deeds，主语不一致，这时可以把从句变换一下句型，变成被动语态。
即成As
they were deeplymoved by the heroes'deeds．从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，就可转换成：Deeply moved by the heroes'deeds，they decided to study even harder．
下列的句子中主语也是不同的。
2．The professor came into the lab；a group of students followed him．
这是两个简单句，如果中间加个and也可看成并列句。
但主语不同，可以先把第二句变成：He was followed by a group of students．全句就转换成：
Followed by a group of students，the professor came into the lab．
四、如果看不出有从句，该怎么办？请看下例：
He recognized the man who had been his classmate ten years before，so he wentover to say hello to him．
这句中，看不出有从句。
so是并列连词，表示“因此，于是”等意思。
这样一来，前面那一句就有表示原因的意味。
这一句可以改写为：
Because he recognized the man who had been his classmate ten years before，he went over to say hello to him．变成一个原因状语从句，即可转换成现在分词作原因状语。
Recognizing the man…
许多有and或没有and的并列句，只要主语一致，往往可能换成分词作伴随状语。
如：
The students went home from school；they talked and laughed．可转换成：
Talking and laughing，the students went home from school．
五、如何判断要不要有一个Being？如：
As he was very old，he had to give up his teaching．
可转换成：Being very old，he had to give up his teaching．再看下例：
As he was moved by the story，he decided to learn from the heroes．
则转换成：Moved by the story，he decided to learn from the heroes．而不是Being moved…
为什么呢？原来前面的那一句的was是系动词（link verb），后面跟的是表语（形容词或名词）。
又如：As he was an engineer，he knew exactly what to do．
an engineer．是名词作表语，即可转换成：
Being an engineer，he knew exactly what to do．而后面那一句的被动语态was是助动词，只需过去分词就可以了。
但英语中有许多过去分词已经形容词化了，如be interested in（对……感兴趣），be excited（因……激动）等，往往表示一个状语，则仍需加Being。
如：
As he was filled with new ideas，the young man invented many kinds of mod-ern machines．
如果把be filled with理解为be full of是一种状态，则可转换成being filledwith…，如果把be filled理解为单纯的被动，则转换成Filled with new ideas…二者都可。
但下句：As the room was filled with many people，it became hotter andhotter．
这是纯粹表示被动的，则只能转换成：
Filled with many people，the room…
六、有时，还要考虑到时态的变化。
如：
The children went out to play after they had finished their homework．
由于有时间的先后，从句的动作发生在前，主句的动作发生在后，因此，要用现在分词的完成式作时间状语。
即：
Having finished their homework，the children went out to play．
如果是表示一个既完成又被动的动作，可以用现在分词的完成被动式。
如：
As she had been given such a good chance，how could she let it slip away？
可转换成：Having been given such a good
chance…但往往简化成过去分词作原因状语Given such a good chance，…
因为过去分词本身就表示完成、被动的，但似乎用现在分词的完成被动式更正式也更强调些。
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