运筹学课程课件
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
▪ Are the most common type of manufacturing process. ▪ The sequence of steps is not as tightly linked as a production line. ▪ Flexible Manufacturing Systems – Highly automated batch processes that can reduce
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-4
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Product-based layout
▪ A type of layout where resources are arranged sequentially, according to the steps required to make a product.
▪ Describe the critical role of customization in manufacturing, including the degree and point of customization.
▪ Discuss the three dimensions that differentiate services from one another - the service package, customization, and customer contact - and explain the different managerial challenges driven by these dimensions.
the cost of making groups of similar products.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-12
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Fixed-Position Layout – A type of manufacturing process in which the position of the product is fixed.
movement is problematic. ▪ Examples include shipbuilding, construction projects, and traditional home
▪ Functional layout
▪ A type of layout where resources are physically grouped by function.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-5
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Fits between job shops and lines in terms of production volumes and flexibility and strikes a balance between the flexibility of a job shop and the efficiency of a line.
▪ Develop a product-based layout using line balancing, and develop a functional layout based on total distance traveled.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-9
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Job Shops – A type of manufacturing process used to make a wide variety of highly customized products in quantities as small as one.
▪ Materials, equipment, and workers are transported to and from the product. ▪ Used in industries where the products are very bulky, massive, or heavy and
3-7
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Continuous Flow Processes - A type of manufacturing process that produces highly standardized products using a tightly linked, paced sequence of steps.
3-2
Introduction
▪ Manufacturing and Service processes are very important to firms because:
▪ They tend to be expensive and far reaching
▪ Process decisions deserve extra attention because different processes have different strengths and weaknesses.
equipment and labor. ▪ Are inflexible with regard to items that do not fit the design characteristics of
the production line.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
▪ Characterized by general-purpose equipment and broadly skilled workers. ▪ Main emphasis is meeting a customer’s unique requirements. ▪ Product design is not standardized. ▪ Typically follow a functional layout. ▪ Examples include custom furniture, specialized machine tools used by
to the next. ▪ Suitable for high-volume production of product(s) characterized by similar
design attributes. ▪ Need high volumes to justify the required investment in specialized
▪ Managers must make sure that the process they choose best supports their overall business strategy and the needs of their targeted customers.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
▪ Some processes are particularly good at supporting a wide variety of goods or services, while others are better at providing standardized products or services at the lowest possible cost.
as oil and gas
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-8
Manufacturing Processes
Production Line and Continuous Flow Processes
Figure 3ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-3
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Questions to ask when selecting a manufacturing process:
▪ What are the physical requirements of the company’s product? ▪ How similar to one another are the products the company makes? ▪ What are the company’s production volumes? ▪ Where in the value chain does customization take place (if at all)?
▪ Closely resembles the production line process ▪ Form of product usually cannot be broken into discrete units. ▪ Examples include yarns and fabric, food products, and chemical products such
▪ Production Line – A type of manufacturing process used to produce a narrow range of standard items with identical or highly similar designs.
▪ Follows a product-based layout ▪ Steps are usually linked by some system that moves the items from one step
Chapter 3
Process Choice and Layout Decisions in
Manufacturing and Services
Chapter Objectives
Be able to:
▪ Describe the characteristics of the five classic types of manufacturing processes, and explain how different manufacturing process choices support different market requirements.
3-11
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Batch Manufacturing – A type of manufacturing process where items are moved through the different manufacturing steps in groups or batches.
manufacturers, and restoration and refurbishing work.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-10
Manufacturing Processes
Job Shop Processes
Figure 3.2
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
▪ Continuous Flow Processes ▪ Production Line ▪ Batch Manufacturing ▪ Job Shop ▪ Fixed Position Layout
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-6
Manufacturing Processes
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-4
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Product-based layout
▪ A type of layout where resources are arranged sequentially, according to the steps required to make a product.
▪ Describe the critical role of customization in manufacturing, including the degree and point of customization.
▪ Discuss the three dimensions that differentiate services from one another - the service package, customization, and customer contact - and explain the different managerial challenges driven by these dimensions.
the cost of making groups of similar products.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-12
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Fixed-Position Layout – A type of manufacturing process in which the position of the product is fixed.
movement is problematic. ▪ Examples include shipbuilding, construction projects, and traditional home
▪ Functional layout
▪ A type of layout where resources are physically grouped by function.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-5
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Fits between job shops and lines in terms of production volumes and flexibility and strikes a balance between the flexibility of a job shop and the efficiency of a line.
▪ Develop a product-based layout using line balancing, and develop a functional layout based on total distance traveled.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-9
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Job Shops – A type of manufacturing process used to make a wide variety of highly customized products in quantities as small as one.
▪ Materials, equipment, and workers are transported to and from the product. ▪ Used in industries where the products are very bulky, massive, or heavy and
3-7
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Continuous Flow Processes - A type of manufacturing process that produces highly standardized products using a tightly linked, paced sequence of steps.
3-2
Introduction
▪ Manufacturing and Service processes are very important to firms because:
▪ They tend to be expensive and far reaching
▪ Process decisions deserve extra attention because different processes have different strengths and weaknesses.
equipment and labor. ▪ Are inflexible with regard to items that do not fit the design characteristics of
the production line.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
▪ Characterized by general-purpose equipment and broadly skilled workers. ▪ Main emphasis is meeting a customer’s unique requirements. ▪ Product design is not standardized. ▪ Typically follow a functional layout. ▪ Examples include custom furniture, specialized machine tools used by
to the next. ▪ Suitable for high-volume production of product(s) characterized by similar
design attributes. ▪ Need high volumes to justify the required investment in specialized
▪ Managers must make sure that the process they choose best supports their overall business strategy and the needs of their targeted customers.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
▪ Some processes are particularly good at supporting a wide variety of goods or services, while others are better at providing standardized products or services at the lowest possible cost.
as oil and gas
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-8
Manufacturing Processes
Production Line and Continuous Flow Processes
Figure 3ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-3
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Questions to ask when selecting a manufacturing process:
▪ What are the physical requirements of the company’s product? ▪ How similar to one another are the products the company makes? ▪ What are the company’s production volumes? ▪ Where in the value chain does customization take place (if at all)?
▪ Closely resembles the production line process ▪ Form of product usually cannot be broken into discrete units. ▪ Examples include yarns and fabric, food products, and chemical products such
▪ Production Line – A type of manufacturing process used to produce a narrow range of standard items with identical or highly similar designs.
▪ Follows a product-based layout ▪ Steps are usually linked by some system that moves the items from one step
Chapter 3
Process Choice and Layout Decisions in
Manufacturing and Services
Chapter Objectives
Be able to:
▪ Describe the characteristics of the five classic types of manufacturing processes, and explain how different manufacturing process choices support different market requirements.
3-11
Manufacturing Processes
▪ Batch Manufacturing – A type of manufacturing process where items are moved through the different manufacturing steps in groups or batches.
manufacturers, and restoration and refurbishing work.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-10
Manufacturing Processes
Job Shop Processes
Figure 3.2
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
▪ Continuous Flow Processes ▪ Production Line ▪ Batch Manufacturing ▪ Job Shop ▪ Fixed Position Layout
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-6
Manufacturing Processes