world bank 世界银行英文简介

World Bank

My topic is world bank.

Since inception in 1944, it used to be the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development as facilitator of post-war reconstruction and development. Nowadays, its mission is worldwide poverty alleviation.

自1944年成立以来，世界银行从过去的国际复兴开发银行促进战后重建和发展。现在的任务是推进世界各国的减贫事业。

The World Bank is a component of the World Bank Group.

世界银行是世界银行集团的一部分。

The World Bank's activities are focused on developing countries, in fields such as human development, agriculture, environmental protection , infrastructure etc. The World Bank provide loans at preferential rates to member countries, as well as grants to the poorest countries.

今天世界银行的主要帮助对象是发展中国家，在人类发展，农业，环保，基础设施建设等领域。它向成员国提供优惠贷款，同时向受贷国提出一定的要求。

Now its president is Jim Yong Kim,who was nominated by president of US and was elected on 27 April 2012.

现任行长为金墉，由美国总统提名，于2012年5月27日当选。

Constitution

The World Bank consists of two organizations.

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD): it lends to governments of middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries.

国际复兴开发银行向中等收入国家政府和信誉良好的低收入国家政府提供贷款。

The International Development Association(IDA): provides interest-free loans—called credits—and grants to governments of the poorest countries,

国际开发协会向最贫困国家的政府提供无息贷款（也称信贷）和赠款。

Goal

On the official website,World Bank presents its two ambitious goals at present:end extreme poverty within a generation and boost shared prosperity.

在官方网站上，世界银行展示了它的两个目标：在一代人的时间内，终结极度贫困，促进共享繁荣。

Structure

The ownership of the World Bank lies in its member governments, the members' voting rights is according to the different proportion of its stake. It has two parts: the first part is all the same among the members. The second part is according to the membership fees paid by each country.

世界银行的所有权在于其成员国,成员的投票权是根据不同的持股比例计算的。投票权有两个部分:第一部分所有成员是相同的。第二部分是根据每个国家支付的会员费.

In 2010,voting powers at the World Bank were revised to increase the voice of developing countries.The countries with most voting power are now the United States(15.85%), Japan(6.84%),China(4.42%). Due to any important decisions must be decided by more than 85% of the voting rights, the United States can veto any reform.

世界银行在2010年修改了投票权，增加了发展中国家的声音。投票权占多数的国家现在有美国(15.85%)、日本(6.84%)、中国(4.42%)。由于任何重要的决定必须由超过85%的投票权,所以美国可以否决任何改革。

History

The World Bank was created at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference,along with three other institutions,including the International Monetary Fund(IMF).Both of them are based in Washington,D.C.

世界银行在1944年的布雷顿森林会议创建,连同其他三个机构,包括国际货币基金组织(IMF).世界银行和国际货币基金组织总部都设在华盛顿特区.

Before 1968,the reconstruction and development loans provided by the World Bank were relatively small.The first country to receive a World Bank loan was France.

From 1968 to 1980,the bank concentrated on meeting the basic needs of people in the developing world.The size and number of loans to borrowers was greatly increased as loan targets expanded from infrastructure into social services and other sectors.

During the 1980s,the bank emphasized lending to service Third-World debt.

Beginning in 1989,in response to harsh criticism from many groups,the bank began including environmental groups and NGOs in its loans.

在1968年之前,世界银行提供的重建和发展贷款相对较小。第一个获得世界银行贷款的国家是法国。

从1968年到1980年,该银行集中在满足发展中世界人民的基本需求。借款人的贷款数量大大增加,目标从基础设施贷款扩大到社会服务和其他领域。

在19世纪80年代,世界银行着重向第三世界贷款.

从1989年开始,为了回应许多团体严厉批评,银行开始向环保组织和非政府组织贷款。Credit Restrictions

IBRD has 188 member countries.Each member state of IBRD should be also a member of the International Monetary Fund(IMF)and only members of IBRD are allowed to join other institutions within the Bank. The loan is long-term loan,generally for 15 to 20 years, with the grace period of five years or so, the interest rate is approximately 6.3%.

Only members can apply for loans.and private manufacturing enterprises need to guarantee by the government before the application.

To apply for a loan,Member states must have a project schedule. They earmark a fund for its specified purpose only. World Bank will have a big check towards those loan projects every two years.