翻译技巧7肯定与否定-表达转换译法共74页文档
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英语学习肯定与否定的翻译PPT课件
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（5）介词及介词短语
• 表示否定的介词和介词短语有：beside, against, from, above, below, under, beyond, beneath, without, except, within, instead of, out of, etc..
• Eg: She is above meanness and deceit.
• Eg: His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. • 他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。
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• Her child was in a terrible state
of neglect.
• 她的孩子简直没人管。
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（4）副词
• 常见的否定副词有：little, seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely, otherwise, rarely ,etc..
• Eg: The old lady said idly, “Well, what dose it matter?”
• 那老妇人漫不经心地说：“哼！这有什么关系？” • Time is what we want most, but what many use
• He is a nuisance, I want to see the back of him. • 他真讨厌，我也不愿意见到他。 • We are living up to what the people expect to us. • 我们不会辜负人民对我们的期望。 • He who has a mind， to beat his dog will easily find
（5）介词及介词短语
• 表示否定的介词和介词短语有：beside, against, from, above, below, under, beyond, beneath, without, except, within, instead of, out of, etc..
• Eg: She is above meanness and deceit.
• Eg: His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. • 他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。
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• Her child was in a terrible state
of neglect.
• 她的孩子简直没人管。
第5页/共36页
（4）副词
• 常见的否定副词有：little, seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely, otherwise, rarely ,etc..
• Eg: The old lady said idly, “Well, what dose it matter?”
• 那老妇人漫不经心地说：“哼！这有什么关系？” • Time is what we want most, but what many use
• He is a nuisance, I want to see the back of him. • 他真讨厌，我也不愿意见到他。 • We are living up to what the people expect to us. • 我们不会辜负人民对我们的期望。 • He who has a mind， to beat his dog will easily find
翻译技巧7肯定与否定-表达转换译法.
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英语中这类否定大多是用否定词来表示。否定词 覆盖面很广，包括名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、 介词、连词等。其否定形式复杂多样，除了使用否定 词外，还大量使用否定词缀，如“dis-, il-, in-, im-, ir-, non-, un-, anti-, -less, under-”等；形式肯定意 义否定的动词如 “avoid, ban, call off, cancel,
表达转换译法
Affirmative & Negative Expressions in Translation
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表达转换译法
Affirmative & Negative Expressions in Translation
表达转换译法亦称“正说反译法”、“正反译 法”、“反正、正反表达法”，即以“正”译“反” 或以“反”译“正”来表达原语的内容。由于民族、 文化、思维方式、语言表达等众多方面的差异，一 种语言用正面讲的话，另一种语言无法直白原语的 内容，为求语用、修辞相当、或出于语言习惯要用 相反的方式表达出来，用否定的说法来表达原语肯 定的形式，或以肯定的说法来表达原语否定的形式。
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又比如，有一位老大爷，骑自行车的技术 还算可以，常在人堆里骑行而不愿下车。有一 次，他却惹了麻烦，车前轮撞上了一位先生， 这位先生人高马大，这下可好看了，非闹一场 不可！可这位先生却冲他噗嗤一笑：“呦！看 你年纪不少，技术还不错咧！” 这话 “社会 效益”好，用肯定的方式表达了否定的意义， 把老大爷给臊了个大红脸，其效果比打还厉害。
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例1：An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.
[英语学习]肯定与否定的翻译
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We have bitten off more than we can
chew. 我们承担了力所不能及的事。/贪多嚼不烂。 Oh, God! If this is a lady’s manners. 噢，天哪！这决不是女人的举止。
Байду номын сангаас
（8）一些习惯表达
He is a nuisance, I want to see the back of him. 他真讨厌，我也不愿意见到他。 We are living up to what the people expect to us. 我们不会辜负人民对我们的期望。 He who has a mind， to beat his dog will easily find his stick. 欲加之罪，何患无词。 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。
Traveling alone, she was sitting in the
corner of the carriage. 她没有同伴，只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不 动。 Slips are scarcely avoidable when you are new to your work. 没有工作经验，出点差错是不可避免的。
关于这个问题两个政党之间存在严重分歧。
We were puzzled by the sudden disappearance of our team leader.
队长突然失踪使我们感到困惑不解。
There is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise.
翻译技巧7肯定与否定-表达转换译法.
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英语中这类否定大多是用否定词来表示。否定词 覆盖面很广，包括名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、 介词、连词等。其否定形式复杂多样，除了使用否定 词外，还大量使用否定词缀，如“dis-, il-, in-, im-, ir-, non-, un-, anti-, -less, under-”等；形式肯定意 义否定的动词如 “avoid, ban, call off, cancel,
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补充例句 例1：We never thought of nothing wrong.
(=We never thought of anything wrong.) 【译文】我们从来没想到有什么错误。（重复否定） 例2：Waste not, want not. (=If you don’t
【译文】这些事引起了我们的重视。 例2：He has no small chance of success. 【译文】他大有成功的可能。 例3：Nothing is useless to man. 【译文】样样东西都有用。（双重否定用来表示强烈肯定）
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补充例句
例4：The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him amid his tribulation.
【译文】在波兰这里，人们真不懂得怎么吃。老 是鸡汤面条、面条鸡汤。面条算什么饭—— 一碗水，只胀大了肚皮。
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例4：No man can have too much knowledge and practice.
【译文】知识和实践越多越好。 例5：That’s not a man that lives who does
语言对比与翻译(7)-否定与肯定_图文
3）译成肯定或双重否定均可
d. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. 鸡孵出来再数。/鸡没孵出先别数。
4.否定焦点转移
• 否定焦点指在否定范围内受否定意义影响 的那一部分。英语中否定焦点常发生转移 。英汉翻译时，要准确把握原文中的否定 焦点，然后把否定的焦点突出出来。
3.英语常用否定的译法
• 英语中否定结构形式多样，有全部否定， 部分否定，几乎否定（半否定），双重否 定等。翻译时要注意它们之间的区别。
（1）全部否定 常用否定词no, not, never, nobody, nothing,
none, nor, neither等，翻译时应注意两种 语言在形式和意义上的相互对应。如： No pains, no gains. 不劳无获
地幔羽的形成并不都是相同的。
b. She is not entirely mistaken.
她并没有完全弄错。
• c. Even where Congress has not completely foreclosed state regulation, a state statute is void to the extent that it actually conflicts with a valid federal statute.
• B. Scarcely anybody believes that. 几乎没人相信这件事。
• （4）双重否定
• 一个句子出现两个否定词，常用句型 “not/no…without.., no…but…, cannot but+V”等。汉语双重否定语气更强。
• 1）译成双重否定
• There can be no peace without justice. 没有正义，何来安宁。
d. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. 鸡孵出来再数。/鸡没孵出先别数。
4.否定焦点转移
• 否定焦点指在否定范围内受否定意义影响 的那一部分。英语中否定焦点常发生转移 。英汉翻译时，要准确把握原文中的否定 焦点，然后把否定的焦点突出出来。
3.英语常用否定的译法
• 英语中否定结构形式多样，有全部否定， 部分否定，几乎否定（半否定），双重否 定等。翻译时要注意它们之间的区别。
（1）全部否定 常用否定词no, not, never, nobody, nothing,
none, nor, neither等，翻译时应注意两种 语言在形式和意义上的相互对应。如： No pains, no gains. 不劳无获
地幔羽的形成并不都是相同的。
b. She is not entirely mistaken.
她并没有完全弄错。
• c. Even where Congress has not completely foreclosed state regulation, a state statute is void to the extent that it actually conflicts with a valid federal statute.
• B. Scarcely anybody believes that. 几乎没人相信这件事。
• （4）双重否定
• 一个句子出现两个否定词，常用句型 “not/no…without.., no…but…, cannot but+V”等。汉语双重否定语气更强。
• 1）译成双重否定
• There can be no peace without justice. 没有正义，何来安宁。
翻译实践PPT肯定否定朱李刘余
3)Are you telling me? I know all about it ． 肯定式：你是在跟我说吗?我全知道了。 否定义：不用你告诉我了(还要你说呢)，我全知道 了。 4)I know better． 肯定式：我更加懂得。 否定义：我认为并非如此。 5)Tell your old story to someone who believes it ． 肯定式：把你这套老话讲给相信它的人去听吧。 否定义：我才不信你这套老话呢。 6)Let me catch you at it again． 肯定式：(要是)让我再撞见你干这种事，(你可要 吃苦头了)。 否定义：别再干这种事了。
正话反说由于英汉两种语言和思维方式之间的种种差异英语中由肯定形式表达的句子在汉语中找不到与之对应的表达形式因此翻译时有时要转换成否定形式才符合汉语的表达习惯反之亦然
肯定与否定
英语2班 朱玉兰，李丽菲，刘雪梅，余常庆
间接肯定(1itotes)
• 用反对语的否定来表示肯定，这种弱式双重否定 往往能产生比直接肯定更加强烈的印象，如用no rare occurrence代替a frequent occurrence，用no small代替great。汉语也有这类反语，如“未尝不 可”、“难免错误”、“不虚此行”、“不无遗 憾”、“没有白干”等，但较多采用直接肯定， 如：
• 汉语也有类似的“多余否定”，用否定的形式来 表达强调的肯定语义，如“好不+形容词”结构： “好不热闹”、“好不伤心”、“好不快乐”等。 1) 街上人来人往，好不热闹! What a busy street，with so many people coming and going． 2) 他们见了面，好不欢喜。 How happy they were to see eac拐弯抹角地表达 强烈的肯定意义，汉语则往往没有相应的表达法， 如： 1) He didn't half like that girl． 他非常喜欢那姑娘。(=He liked her very much) 2) I couldn't feel better． 我觉得身体好极了。 (=I’m feeling first-rate) 3) If that isn't what I want. 我所要的就是这个呀!(=That is the very thing I want.) 4) He can't see you quickly enough． 他很想尽快和你见面。 (=He desires to see you as soon as possible)
6否定和肯定的翻译转换
21,No one doesn't complain about the noise. , 22,She is no less active than she was , 23,The movie is no less attractive because it was shot , many years ago. 24 The more money you earn, the more happy you will be. 25,The more you know about the history of the city, the , more you like it. 26, You can't be better off, could you? , 27,His words can't be more inspiring. , 28,He enjoys nothing better than to go fishing with those , boys. 29,Nothing is more important than art. , 30,Here comes the manager that you want to meet. ,
All his friends did not turn up. People will be long forgetting her. He was only too pleased to let them go. It can't be less interesting.
中翻英: 英语翻译常考的中翻英句子 中翻英: 1,被采访的孩子们的反应是不同的. ,被采访的孩子们的反应是不同的. 2,他们认为他们受到了关爱和信任,这种感觉激励了他们的自 ,他们认为他们受到了关爱和信任, 信心 3,我发现昨天英语考试中我作弊的事情,当天晚上就让我父母 ,我发现昨天英语考试中我作弊的事情, 知道了 4,当他了解到需要什么以后 就决定申请入会 ,当他了解到需要什么以后,就决定申请入会 5,分开对待,这些问题不难解决 ,分开对待 这些问题不难解决 6,有些问题还需要澄清 , 8,对这些评论予以充分的讨论. ,对这些评论予以充分的讨论. 9,该问题还没有得到注意. ,该问题还没有得到注意. 10,人们认为他现在住在纽约. ,人们认为他现在住在纽约.
肯定与否定的转换
a chance was denied (to) me. 16. It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 17. Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you? 18. Her husband hates to see her stony face.
4．She is the last person to trust with a secret. 她是最不能保守秘密的人。 5．It escapes your notice that she has changed so much. 你没注意到她变化那么大。 6. The computer is beyond repair. You might as well buy a new one. 这台电脑修不好了，你不如买台新的算了。 7. Women who do house work by the hour may make nearly as much as public school teachers, if they work the same number of hours. 做家务的钟点女工在同样的时间内，其收入同公立 学校的教师的工资差不多。 做家务的钟点女工在同样的时间内，挣钱不比公立 学校的教师少。
We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们要永远对生活抱乐观的态度。 Some people can eat what they like and get no fatter． 有些人爱吃什么就吃什么，照样瘦。 The post office is at the next corner，you can’t miss it． 邮局就在下个路口，你会找到的。
4．She is the last person to trust with a secret. 她是最不能保守秘密的人。 5．It escapes your notice that she has changed so much. 你没注意到她变化那么大。 6. The computer is beyond repair. You might as well buy a new one. 这台电脑修不好了，你不如买台新的算了。 7. Women who do house work by the hour may make nearly as much as public school teachers, if they work the same number of hours. 做家务的钟点女工在同样的时间内，其收入同公立 学校的教师的工资差不多。 做家务的钟点女工在同样的时间内，挣钱不比公立 学校的教师少。
We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们要永远对生活抱乐观的态度。 Some people can eat what they like and get no fatter． 有些人爱吃什么就吃什么，照样瘦。 The post office is at the next corner，you can’t miss it． 邮局就在下个路口，你会找到的。
[英语学习]肯定与否定的翻译
（4）副词
常见的否定副词有：little, seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely, otherwise, rarely ,etc.. Eg: The old lady said idly, “Well, what dose it matter?” 那老妇人漫不经心地说：“哼！这有什么关系？” Time is what we want most, but what many use worst. 时间是我们最缺少的，但偏偏许多人最不善于利用。
They would rather go on with the
experiment than give it up. 他们宁愿把实验继续下去，而不愿放弃。 Wear your raincoat or you will catch cold. 穿上雨衣，不然你会着凉的。
（7）一些特定结构
Let me catch you at it again. 再让我逮着你，可饶不了你。 I hear everything. 什么都瞒不过我。 A stitch in time saves nine. 小洞不补，大洞吃苦。 Tom was professor’s godson, and had been one of the family anytime these 20years. 汤姆是教授的干儿子，这20年来，一家人没 把他当外人看。
Her child was in a terrible state of
neglect. 她的孩子简直没人管。 He coughed with embarrassment. 他不自然地咳嗽。 A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs can create problems. 不注意文化差异和当地的习俗可能会出 问题。
句式翻译---肯定句否定句,分译,合译
肯定句与否定句
肯定句译成否定句
1.表达习惯不同 表达习惯不同 一直到写完作业，他才出现。 一直到写完作业，他才出现。 He didn’t turn up until he finished his homework. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 一分耕耘，一分收获。 No pains, no gains.
3.为了使原来隐含意义更加明确，更便于 为了使原来隐含意义更加明确， 为了使原来隐含意义更加明确 直接理解。 直接理解。 他们很快完成了任务。 他们很快完成了任务。 They finished the task in no time. 与其他人相比，他是位非凡的教授。 与其他人相比，他是位非凡的教授。 As compared with others, he is no ordinary professor.
Exercises
工作得越细心越好。 工作得越细心越好。 无风不起浪。 无风不起浪。 这件事他确实是一无所知。 这件事他确实是一无所知。 这是件正经事。 这是件正经事。 少管闲事。 少管闲事。
One can never be too careful in one’s work. No smoke without fire. He was really in the dark about the matter. It’s no joke. Don’t poke your nose into other’s business.
否定句的翻译
无事不登三宝殿 No one comes to the Hall of the Trinity without a reason. 不到黄河心不死 Until all is over ambition never dies. 他根本不是当画家的料。 他根本不是当画家的料。 He is anything but a painter. 要不是你帮忙，我们无法按时完成任务。 要不是你帮忙，我们无法按时完成任务。 But for your help, we would not have finished the task on time.
肯定句译成否定句
1.表达习惯不同 表达习惯不同 一直到写完作业，他才出现。 一直到写完作业，他才出现。 He didn’t turn up until he finished his homework. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 一分耕耘，一分收获。 No pains, no gains.
3.为了使原来隐含意义更加明确，更便于 为了使原来隐含意义更加明确， 为了使原来隐含意义更加明确 直接理解。 直接理解。 他们很快完成了任务。 他们很快完成了任务。 They finished the task in no time. 与其他人相比，他是位非凡的教授。 与其他人相比，他是位非凡的教授。 As compared with others, he is no ordinary professor.
Exercises
工作得越细心越好。 工作得越细心越好。 无风不起浪。 无风不起浪。 这件事他确实是一无所知。 这件事他确实是一无所知。 这是件正经事。 这是件正经事。 少管闲事。 少管闲事。
One can never be too careful in one’s work. No smoke without fire. He was really in the dark about the matter. It’s no joke. Don’t poke your nose into other’s business.
否定句的翻译
无事不登三宝殿 No one comes to the Hall of the Trinity without a reason. 不到黄河心不死 Until all is over ambition never dies. 他根本不是当画家的料。 他根本不是当画家的料。 He is anything but a painter. 要不是你帮忙，我们无法按时完成任务。 要不是你帮忙，我们无法按时完成任务。 But for your help, we would not have finished the task on time.
否定和肯定的翻译转换
withhold,prevent,defy, be absent, refrain from
❖ 1. The new invention seems to defy the law of science.
❖ 这项发明看来不符合科学规律。
❖ 2. If you fail to settle the payment in two weeks, we’ll have to pass the matter to our legal department.
each other.
2. Before the receipt has been signed, ❖ the money must not be paid. ❖ 肯定：付款之前,收据应签字。 ❖ 否定：收据尚未签字之前,不得付款。
3.他抱怨名单上没有他的名字。 ❖ 否定：He plained that his name is not
❖ 3 迂回表达法: 不直接说“不”字。 ❖ 通过一些含有极限或超过极限的词或短语, 如
：the last, the least, the limit, little, few, above, beneath, beyond,等; ❖ 还通过一些特定的表达结构, 如：… but, too…to , too…for, 等。
❖ 我们得克服淡水不足引起的麻烦。
❖ 3 含否定意义的形容词或形容词短语 如： missing, far from, free from, short of, blind of, deaf of, dead to, ignorant 等。
❖ 1: How can he be expected to be a statesman as he is ignorant of the basic facts of such a matter
❖ 1. The new invention seems to defy the law of science.
❖ 这项发明看来不符合科学规律。
❖ 2. If you fail to settle the payment in two weeks, we’ll have to pass the matter to our legal department.
each other.
2. Before the receipt has been signed, ❖ the money must not be paid. ❖ 肯定：付款之前,收据应签字。 ❖ 否定：收据尚未签字之前,不得付款。
3.他抱怨名单上没有他的名字。 ❖ 否定：He plained that his name is not
❖ 3 迂回表达法: 不直接说“不”字。 ❖ 通过一些含有极限或超过极限的词或短语, 如
：the last, the least, the limit, little, few, above, beneath, beyond,等; ❖ 还通过一些特定的表达结构, 如：… but, too…to , too…for, 等。
❖ 我们得克服淡水不足引起的麻烦。
❖ 3 含否定意义的形容词或形容词短语 如： missing, far from, free from, short of, blind of, deaf of, dead to, ignorant 等。
❖ 1: How can he be expected to be a statesman as he is ignorant of the basic facts of such a matter