中西方校园文化差异定稿版
中西方教育文化的差异英文版
2.Try every means to satisfy the children with money.
2.Encourage the child to work outside to gain income by themselves.
Differences of school education
American children in class
Chinese children in class
The relation between teachers and students
In America teachers are no longer authority, meanwhile students don’t have to carry out every instruction from their teachers, most of them have their thoughts, they may most questions and challenges to teachers.
Western Countries
Education is not the preparation for making their living, but for survival
Emphasize" The Learn Education. "
Education method
China
1.Emphasize mechanical memorizing.
2.If the book is read hundreds of times, its meaning is shown naturally
Western Countries
中西方教育文化差异
对于中国学生来说，成功之路必须 要通过一条独木桥，这就是高考。 对很多中国学生而言，可能会因为 一分只之差，而幸运的跨进一流学 府的大门，也可能会因为一分之差， 而被残酷地淘汰。对于中国的高等 学府而言，你是否是个有理想、有 抱负、有责任心的学生，都不重要， 只要你的高考成绩符合大学的招生 要求，这种单纯的量化标准把很多 优秀的学生挡在大学门外。
主动发现为辅。
美国
学生自主选择学习的内 容，以学生兴趣为中国：中国的教育带有浓重的 国家色彩，学生的一些思想收 到桎梏。
其二
美国：每股的学术提倡自由， 中国：1、中国教育注重的是学习的结果，所以 富有较强的创新探索能力。 导致中国馆会以考试的成绩评论学生的好坏。
2、中国的教育方式沿袭旧法，灌输知识，导致 学校考试和知识的透彻理解是中国学生的拿手好 戏。
四、课外生活
Extracurricular Activities
中国一般不太允许小孩参加真正的社会活动。但在美国小学生一旦走进校门就开始真正参与社会活动了。美 国的课外活动是学生自发参与，经费也是大家共同出资、共同寻求赞助。比如，8岁的孩子会帮人家清洗洗 衣机，一次8美元，为别人演奏等等，把赚到的钱拿来搞活动。当然并非所有的活动都是为了赚钱，也有很 多是打义工的。美国让小孩接触社会环境的方式非常多，他们认为教育即生活。中国的学生课外生活基本上 被作业占领了。而且很少有机会参加社会实践的机会。
中西方教育文化差异 ——以中美为例
16 港口物流管2班 朱一帆 54号
内容提要
01 教育理念 02 教育目标 03 家庭教育和学校教育 04 课外生活 05 考试制度 06 总结反思
一、教育理念
Education Philosophy
浅谈中美校园文化对比
05
中美校园行为文化对比
师生交往方式与互动频率
师生交往方式
中国校园中，教师通常具有较高的权 威，与学生保持一定的距离；而在美 国校园中，教师更注重与学生的互动 ，鼓励学生提问和参与课堂讨论。
互动频率
中国学生与教师的互动相对较少，主 要在课堂上；而美国学生与教师的互 动更为频繁，包括课外辅导、学术咨 询等。
美国校园建筑
风格多样，既有古典的哥特式建筑，也有现代的钢结构建筑。建筑布局灵活， 不拘泥于对称，更注重功能性和实用性。
校园环境设计与绿化
中国校园环境
注重绿化和景观设计，多采用传统的园林造景手法，如假山 、池塘、亭台楼阁等。同时，也注重校园环境的文化氛围营 造，如设置文化石、文化墙等。
美国校园环境
更注重开放性和自然性，多采用草坪、树木等自然元素进行 绿化。同时，也注重校园环境的舒适性和功能性，如设置休 息区、运动区等。
浅谈中美校园文化对比
汇报人： 2023-12-21
目录
• 中美校园文化概述 • 中美校园物质文化对比 • 中美校园制度文化对比 • 中美校园精神文化对比 • 中美校园行为文化对比 • 中美校园文化对比总结与展望
01
中美校园文化概述
中美校园文化定义与特点
• 中国校园文化定义：中国校园文化是以中国特色社会主义理论体系为指导，以 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人为目标，以丰富多彩的课外 文化活动为主要载体，以校园精神为主要特征的一种群体文化。
实践机会
美国校园更注重学生的实践机会，如实习、 志愿服务等。这些实践机会有助于学生将所 学知识应用于实际情境中，提高解决问题的
能力。
06
中美校园文化对比总结与展望
中美校园文化异同点分析
中西校园文化差异对比
西方
个人主义与 竞争
学习风格
个人主义和竞争是西方文化价值观 的主要内容。一方面，学生在学习上 独立性强，往往以学习任务为向导， 属于场独立型（field independence).
独立性的学习（independent learning)的学习风格；另一方面，竞 争是西方人的人生信条学生常常通过 不断尝试错误直到最后成功的过程进
22
Part 5 校园选址 Campus location
西方学校多分布在城市，街道，总体开放与学院封闭式相结合 牛津大学校园
23
Part 6 中外入学要求以及宿舍差异
24
宿舍差异
• 国外高校的校园文化建设中提供学生校内住宿的只在少数。大多为单间的宿舍。 • 在国外,很多高校申请过程复杂，价格较高，但相应设施齐全，环境较好。
中西校园文化差异对比
A Contrast of the Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Campuses
Part 1 校服 School uniform
中国 英国
南非 越南
不丹
日本 2
中国校服的变革 Reform of school uniform in China
上了大学才开始认真学习
b.旅游：中国学生对自己的父母说： “我要去旅游了，请给我一笔钱。“
b.旅游：西方学生对自己的父母说： “我已经攒够钱了，我要去旅游了！“
13
中方
合作 集体主义
学习风格
受儒家文化的渲染和集体主义思 想的规范，中学生通过合作
（cooperation）来学习。他们为 了共同的利益，和睦相处，互相 支持，为了把集体利益放在个人 利益之上，不凸显自己，这种中 合作学习主要体现班级竞赛和课 外小组学习上。学生尊师重教， 教师和教材有很高权威。生生交 流非常正式。学习上以老师为榜 样，以教材为权威模仿学习。
浅谈中西方大学校园建筑文化差异
浅谈中西方大学校园建筑文化差异摘要：本文通过对中西方大学的起源和演变进行比较，着重分析了中西方校园建筑的差异。
中国学校建筑传统上有大门和围墙，以行政领导和教师为中心，显示出一种封闭的人文意味；而西方校园则为开放式，面向社会，强调个性和交流。
在当今知识经济时代和全球化的背景下，应该重组校园的结构和空间，创造自然和人文融合的新校园空间。
关键词：建筑文化校园建筑空间大学一、绪论所谓大学校园建筑文化，是指通过大学建筑群体及其周围空间的设计所体现出来的建筑形态、建筑风格、建筑价值及大学生对这些建筑的评价欣赏、情感依附等文明因素的总和。
这种文化既是一种物质环境文化，同时也是一种依托物质环境所渗透、展示的特殊精神氛围文化。
它是和大学整体文化不可分离的有机体，是影响师生情感、品格涵养以及熏陶文化气质的一个微妙而现实的因素。
典型的大学校园建筑文化，能使人一踏进校园便可以明显的感觉到它的影响和品质，生活在其中能深刻体会到大学的气氛、大学的使命，甚至大学的价值和精神。
对中西方大学校园建筑文化作比较，选择性的借鉴西方大学校园建筑文化的优点，充分挖掘和发扬我国校园建筑的优良传统，将两者加以融合，从而拓展新校园空间，塑造新时期的大学校园环境正是本文的主题。
二、中西方大学校园起源和演变的比较大学，如同亚伯拉罕·弗莱克斯纳所说，是指有意识地致力于追求知识、解决问题、审慎评价成果和培养真正高层次人才的机构。
不同的国家有不同的大学，所以期望大学适应一种单一的模式这种想法是很荒谬的。
中西方文化背景和教育模式的差异，使中西方大学校园的起源和演变也有很大的不同。
（一）我国传统校园建筑的发展历程我国教育起源于住宅，后逐渐演变为私塾，最后成熟于书院。
自古书院往往“择胜地”、“依山林”而建。
如白鹿洞书院地处庐山五老峰下，楼阁庭院尽在参天古木的掩映之中。
岳麓书院地处岳麓山下。
书院倚山而瞰湘江，秀丽而壮观。
中国文人寄情山水，崇尚自然的旨趣，正是书院建筑择址和塑造环境的理想和追求。
中美校园文化差异英语作文
中美校园文化差异英语作文The cultural differences between campuses in China and the United States are quite significant and can be observed in various aspects of student life. From the academic environment to extracurricular activities, the contrasting norms and expectations shape the overall campus experience for students in these two countries.One of the most notable differences lies in the academic environment. Chinese universities are often characterized by a more structured and rigorous curriculum, with a strong emphasis on core subjects and a clear path towards graduation. Students in China typically have a heavier course load, with less flexibility in choosing electives or exploring different areas of study. The focus is primarily on mastering the foundational knowledge required for their chosen field, often with a strong emphasis on rote learning and examinations.In contrast, the academic environment in American universities tends to be more flexible and student-centered. Students have a wide range of electives and the freedom to explore different disciplinesbefore declaring a major. The curriculum is designed to encourage critical thinking, problem-solving, and the development of well-rounded individuals, rather than solely focusing on the acquisition of subject-specific knowledge. Additionally, the grading system in the US often places more weight on class participation, projects, and continuous assessment, rather than relying solely on high-stakes examinations.Another significant difference lies in the extracurricular activities and campus life. Chinese universities typically have a more structured and organized approach to extracurricular activities, with a strong emphasis on group-based activities and events. Students are often encouraged to participate in various clubs, societies, and volunteer organizations, which are often organized and supervised by the university administration. These activities are seen as an important complement to the academic curriculum, helping to develop students' social skills, leadership abilities, and a sense of community.In contrast, American universities tend to have a more diverse and student-driven approach to extracurricular activities. Students have the freedom to create and join a wide range of clubs and organizations, reflecting their personal interests and passions. These activities are often student-led and provide opportunities for independent exploration, self-expression, and the development of leadership skills. Additionally, American campuses are known fortheir vibrant social life, with a greater emphasis on student-organized events, social gatherings, and recreational activities.Another key difference lies in the student-faculty relationship. In Chinese universities, the relationship between students and faculty is often more formal and hierarchical. Professors are seen as authority figures, and students are expected to show respect and deference. The interaction between students and faculty is primarily focused on the delivery of course content, with less emphasis on mentorship or personal guidance.On the other hand, the student-faculty relationship in American universities tends to be more informal and collaborative. Professors are often seen as mentors and guides, and students are encouraged to actively engage with them both inside and outside the classroom. This allows for more personalized attention, academic advising, and the development of meaningful relationships between students and faculty members.Furthermore, the overall campus culture and student life experience can vary significantly between China and the United States. Chinese universities often have a more structured and disciplined approach to student life, with strict rules and regulations governing everything from class attendance to curfews. The focus is on maintaining a sense of order and conformity, with less emphasis on individualexpression and personal development.In contrast, American universities are known for their more vibrant and diverse campus culture, where students have greater freedom to explore their interests, express their individuality, and engage in a wide range of social and cultural activities. The campus environment is often characterized by a greater emphasis on personal growth, community engagement, and the pursuit of extracurricular passions.It is important to note that these differences are not absolute, and there can be variations within each country's higher education system. However, the general trends and contrasts highlighted here provide a broader understanding of the cultural differences that shape the campus experiences of students in China and the United States.These differences in academic environments, extracurricular activities, student-faculty relationships, and overall campus culture can have a significant impact on the personal and professional development of students. Understanding and appreciating these cultural differences can help students from both countries navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by their respective educational systems, ultimately contributing to their growth and success.。
中美校园文化差异论文(共2篇)
中美校园文化差异论文（共2篇）本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！第1篇：五“D”理论和中美大学校园文化差异一文化定义与文化特性关于什么是中美校园文化差异？到目前为止竟然有多达200多种的定义。
文化定义本身成为一个有趣的、争论不休的学术现象。
目前，学术界公认的意见认为，被称为人类学之父的英国人类学家E·B·泰勒(Tyler)是第一个在文化定义上具有重大影响的人。
泰勒对文化所下的定义是经典性的，他在《原始文化》(引自Avrueh1998：6)“关于文化的科学”一章中说：“文化或文明，就其广泛的民族学意义来讲，是一复合整体，包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗以及作为—个社会成员的人所习得的其他一切能力和习惯。
”_显然，这个定义将文化解释为社会发展过程中人类创造物的总称，包括物质技术、社会规范和观念精神。
从此，泰勒的文化定义成为文化定义现象的起源，后人对这个定义褒贬不一，同时亦不断地提出新的观点。
Kroeber＆Kluekhohn(引自Adler1997：14)认为文化的核心由源于历史又被历史所选择的传统尤其是赋予传统之上的价值组成；文化系统一方面可以看作是行为的产物，另一方面又是未来行为的条件因素。
Schwartz(引自Avruch1998：6)认为文化由一个民族的每个个体所学到和所创造的经验组成。
包括个体自身从前辈或同辈那里得到的那些映像或编码及其解释(意义)。
Hofstede(1994：5)认为文化是一个民族的组织成员区别于另一个民族的组织成员的心中集体程序。
Matsumoto(1996：16)认为文化是一个人类组织中一代代相传所共有的一系列态度、价值、信仰和行为，但这个组织中的每个个体成员间会有所不同。
SpencerOatey(2000：4)认为文化是一个民族的人民所共有的一系列模糊的态度、信仰、行为习惯、基本设想和价值，而这些模糊的态度、信仰、行为习惯、基本设想和价值会影响每个成员的行为和每个成员对其他成员行为的解释。
中西方学校教育差异案例(3篇)
第1篇一、引言随着全球化的不断深入，中西方文化交流日益频繁，教育领域也不例外。
中西方学校教育在课程设置、教学方法、评价体系等方面存在着诸多差异。
本文以中美两国为例，通过具体案例比较中西方学校教育的差异，以期为我国教育改革提供借鉴。
二、案例背景中美两国在教育领域有着悠久的历史和丰富的经验。
美国的教育体系以注重学生个性发展和创新能力的培养为特点，而我国的教育体系则更注重学生的知识传授和应试能力的培养。
以下将结合具体案例，对比分析中美两国学校教育的差异。
三、案例一：课程设置案例：我国某中学与美国某中学的课程设置对比我国某中学课程设置：1. 语文、数学、英语等基础学科；2. 物理、化学、生物等自然科学；3. 历史、地理、政治等社会科学；4. 体育、音乐、美术等艺术学科；5. 技术课（如计算机、信息技术等）。
美国某中学课程设置：1. 语文、数学、科学、社会研究等基础学科；2. 选修课（如艺术、音乐、体育、外语等）；3. 必修课（如宗教、道德教育等）；4. AP（Advanced Placement）课程（如微积分、物理、化学等）。
案例分析：我国中学课程设置较为固定，学生选择课程的范围较小。
而美国中学课程设置更加灵活，学生可以根据自己的兴趣和特长选择课程，有利于培养学生的个性化发展。
四、案例二：教学方法案例：我国某中学与美国某中学的教学方法对比我国某中学教学方法：1. 课堂讲授为主，学生被动接受知识；2. 教师强调知识传授，忽视学生能力培养；3. 评价方式以考试成绩为主，注重应试能力。
美国某中学教学方法：1. 互动式教学，鼓励学生积极参与；2. 教师注重启发式教学，培养学生的创新思维；3. 评价方式多样化，注重学生的综合素质。
案例分析：我国中学教学方法较为传统，以教师为中心，学生被动接受知识。
而美国中学教学方法注重学生主体地位，培养学生的创新能力和实践能力。
五、案例三：评价体系案例：我国某中学与美国某中学的评价体系对比我国某中学评价体系：1. 以考试成绩为主要评价标准；2. 注重学生的应试能力；3. 评价方式单一，忽视学生的全面发展。
PPT 英文版 中美校园文化差异比较
America:
Students’ organizations is very active encourage students o do activities
Independence and Dependence
China:
Most of students’ schooling are paid by parents Only a small percentage of students can earn their own living
Poor ability to cognize and poor academic ability
students
examination expects
teaching and learning
America
Modern teaching methods
Respect students’ individual development
Self-centered individualism and practical values are advocated
A lot of free time to learn
Equal relationship between students and teachers
students
comprehensive abilities
Reasons to choose this topic
promote the understanding and communication between china and us
provide experience worthy of learning to our campus construction and education
中美校园文化差异collegesofChinaandAmerica
2.The room style
the rooms in the US can be very special, which is also a good chance for the students to create.
While the China rooms is really classical. It is like a box that divide the students and teachers from the out.
Differences and similarities between colleges of America and China
Freda
Differences and similarities
❖ the environment and lifestyles. ❖ the teaching mode.
satisfied; • They can also design new disciplines under the
guidance of their teachers.
China: • The students are asked to choose major when they
register for University , so they can`t choose their major in the school unless they are good enough to do so.
❖site selection and the building styles.
❖ the lessons and credit system. ❖ something else.
FIRST: environment and lifestyle
关于中外大学校园文化差异的对比
关于中外大学校园文化差异的对比——英语（师范）11101班李万景摘要大学校园文化是高校教育的重要组成部分，欧美高等教育由于其独特的社会背景形成了多元化的高校文化体系。
通过分析、对比我国与欧美高校文化的核心差异，强调可供我国大学吸收与借鉴的因素和有价值的文化成果。
结合国情，为我国建设更加丰富和完善的大学校园文化谏言献策。
关键词: 校园文化; 高等教育; 欧美文化中共中央国务院《关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》指出: 要大力建设校园文化，建设体现社会主义特点、时代特征和学校特色的校园文化。
良好的校园文化环境是素质教育的重要途径，校园文化建设的成功与否直接影响着教育工作的效果。
要进步，要创新就要不断地学习，并及时引入鲜活的元素使大学教育工作时刻保持代表先进文化的发展方向。
不可否认的是欧美高校校园文化就为我国高等院校提供了可资借鉴的经验。
1、大学校园文化的含义从广义上说大学校园文化是指以学校管理者和全体师生为主体的校园生活与学习生活的总和。
狭义地讲大学校园文化是指以培养学生综合素质，陶冶学生情操，完善学生人格为目标，以德育活动、课内外活动、社会实践活动及校园生活的思想行为表现活动为载体的一种精神环境和文化氛围。
大学校园文化是社会文化现象之一，其产生与学校的产生是同步的，学校的发展过程中也包含着校园文化发展的过程，两者相辅相成。
大学校园文化建设不仅影响着高校自身的发展，同时对当代大学生的成长与发展起着陶冶情操，修身养性，磨炼意志的作用。
因而建设合理的、科学的大学校园文化既是新时期高校培养人才的需要，同时又是高校自身发展的需要，更是时代进步的需要。
由于社会制度、文化背景、教育制度、经济体制等诸多因素不同，中外校园文化建设各有特点。
欧美国家中美国教育发展十分迅速，充分发育的市场经济体系，兼容并包的各民族文化杂交系统以及高度的思想自由、学术自由氛围，使美国校园文化在物质、制度、精神三个层面与中国呈现一定的差异。
中西方教育文化差异
The content
West: parents pay more attention to freedom and equality, respect for the child at an early age, attaches great importance to give the child's personal autonomy. Parents pay attention to cultivate children's selfcare ability and the spirit of selfreliance. Parents let children know the value of labor as a child, so they had to do some paid services within our capabilities. Parents pay attention to the all-round development of children in every aspect, they want to learn is a way to survive, is a way of earning a living, is a useful skill for life. Parents throughout in the child's independent ability to survive and adapt to the environment as the main body. The United States children have a slogan: "want to spend money they earn.
Differences between Chinese and western education
中西方校园文化差异
中西方校园文化差异Chinese and western campus culture differences抚松一中一年一班研究性学习英语小组指导教师：王长青幻灯片制作：范馨元、颜子惠、张伟琦、江虹儒、宿桐、秦培妍、黄露萱资料收集：李文静、田芳雪、赵伟编辑：李长晟、孙雨禾、王倩茹、贾雯涵2015年6月内容摘要：校园文化是以学生为主体，以课外文化活动为主要内容，亦策善能的校园文化建设，以校园为主要空间，涵盖院校领导、教职工在内，以校园精神为主要特征的一种群体文化.其中最能体现校园文化本质内容的是校园风气或校园精神。
Campus culture in his student as the main body, in the cultural activities as the main content and also strategy is good to the construction of campus culture, campus as the main space, school leadership, teachers, in the spirit of campus culture as the main characteristics of a group. One of the most can reflect the essential content of campus culture is the campus culture and campus spirit.本小组将从以下（1）——（6）六个方面对中西方校园文化差异进行研究，通过这次研究学习，我们对西方文化有了更好的了解，对我国校园文化也有了更深入的认识。
差异性的研究促进我们从多角度来看待世界文化，取其精华去其糟粕，在学习中开阔自身的视野，促进自身发展。
一、精神文化差异（1）办学宗旨（a）高级中学西方中学：伊顿公学（Eton College）坐落在伦敦20英里的温莎小镇，是英国最著名的贵族中学，排名全球第一。
中美校园文化差异（Campusc...
中美校园文化差异（Campus cultural differences between Chinaand America）Abstract: due to the differences in political system, traditional culture and historical background, campus culture in China and the United States also has great differences. By analyzing the differences between Chinese and American campus culture and seeking its cultural roots, it is helpful for us to understand and communicate between Chinese and American students. In addition, we should base ourselves on the fine traditional culture of our country and actively absorb the essence of American campus culture so as to create a better atmosphere of campus culture for the development of modern university education in china.Key words: American campus culture, Chinese campus culture, cultural differences, cultural rootsA comparative study of campus culture between China and the United States, to explore the differences and cultural roots between the two, helps to promote mutual understanding and communication between students in China and the United states. At the same time, the United States is a developed and multicultural country of immigrants, the rich and colorful campus culture construction has its originality, can provide experience for China's education and campus construction in higher education institutions.campus cultureCampus culture is an important part of social culture. Itoriginates from social culture, and reflects and reflects the whole social culture in the University campus. Therefore, it is bound to be influenced and restricted by the mainstream culture of the society, and is consistent with the basic tendency of the mainstream culture of the society. Meanwhile, it plays a leading and promoting role in the mainstream culture of the society.Broad sense campus culture can be divided into four levels: first, the material culture form, that is, the cultural landscape expressed in the form of material civilization. Such as campus geographical environment, architectural layout, art and cultural facilities. Second, the system culture form, that is, the culture reflected by social relations. Such as school affiliation, management system, organization and so on. Third, the concept of culture, that is, in the form of rational form of spiritual and cultural forms. Such as school running guiding ideology, struggling goal, school spirit, style of study and so on. Fourth, the culture of mind, that is implicit in the invisible deep cultural forms of teachers and students, such as thinking mode, value orientation, emotional way, aesthetic taste, etc.. The narrow sense campus culture mainly refers to the explicit forms of campus culture in broad sense, such as campus ideological trend, campus education, campus life, campus cultural system, campus cultural facilities, school spirit, style of study, etc.. According to its function, it can also be divided into three series, or three series, which are ideological cultivation, academic intelligence and art aesthetic education.Campus cultural differences between China and AmericaDifferences in campus architecture. The campus of China is usually a relatively independent space, the high fence isolated the school from the outside world, and almost all the activities of the school were carried out within the enclosed enclosure. American universities generally have no walls, so-called "no marginal universities", "no walled universities", and open schools. There seems to be no boundary between the school and other territories, but in fact there is an invisible dividing line in the heart of the American people.This difference has a great relationship with Chinese and western traditional culture. Chinese wall culture since ancient times and is famous in the world, people used to use the wall to protect the territory and interest groups or families. The wall is China ethnic culture tends to closed, concentric, restrained and subtle cultural and psychological performance, and the psychological status quo, and Chinese aloof from the Worldly Philosophy and self-sufficient economy inseparable. The walls in addition, culture is actually of a collective privacy, Chinese generally follow the internal open closed principle, close to a defensive attitude to the outside world. American houses, including schools, government agencies and so on, are built around the house, surrounded by open, although some built fences, but also some low fence, giving people the feeling of opening to the outside world. Americans are outgoing, outspoken, advocate freedom and competition, love adventure. This open architecture layout and China wall culture reflects the cultural psychology of living instead, closure of the internal opening, the americans.The difference between "teaching" and "learning". The teaching mode of University in China is old and the teaching method is single.In class, the teacher only instills the content prepared in advance to the students, and the students can only accept it passively and comprehensively. The teaching method is mainly based on questioning, recitation and homework. Students become mechanical memory tools, and their practical ability and cognitive ability are very poor. In addition, the academic ability of college students is also poor. It can be said that China's university education has trained a group of experts in examinations rather than practical talents with comprehensive ability.American higher education is very respectful of the development of students' personality, and campus culture advocates individualism and pragmatism values. The school gives students a lot of free learning space, such as through the implementation of the credit system and flexible educational system, so that students can arrange their own learning life, free choice of learning methods and so on. The relationship between students and teachers is equal, the atmosphere of class is free and relaxed, students can raise their hands at any time, and any speech of students will be encouraged. Teaching methods are diverse, such as case discussion, small debate competition, paper interim report, etc., mainly to cultivate students' oral expression ability, reaction ability and creative ability.The difference of after school life. The extracurricular activities of Chinese college students are monotonous, usuallyunder the guidance of teachers or the organized and organized activities that students choose to participate in. Most students don't take part in these activities because they think learning is the primary task. So many students only immersed in study, to other social knowledge and social practice indifferent, one read only the books of sages "".Many American college students is active, the school encourages funded students set up a variety of extracurricular activities, extracurricular groups, contents and methods of these group activities entirely by the students to discuss the decision. Their activities are various, and they act completely according to their own preferences or design programs. They experience happiness, acquire skills and develop their personalities in their activities. The atmosphere of their activities is also full of freedom and democracy.The difference between independence and dependence. Most of the expenses of Chinese college students during the university are borne by their parents. Many people believe that the parents spend their money for granted, and only a few students can earn their own living. And parents also think that providing money to provide children with university is their bounden duty, which directly leads to college students too dependent on their parents.American college students are very independent, advocate personal struggle, basically rely on their own work to earn tuition and daily expenses. Some students have part-time several jobs, even hard, will not reach out to parents, because they think from their parents only in name, instead of property,what you want to achieve through their own hard work can.The origin of campus culture differences between China and AmericaThe campus culture is deeply influenced by the traditional culture of the nation. The difference of traditional culture between the two countries deeply influences all aspects of contemporary students' ideology, learning and life, and is the root cause of different campus culture differences.Good in nature and the theory of evil. "Men at their birth, are good in nature" Chinese basic viewpoints on human nature. That is to say, people are originally good, life just stick to the good nature of it. This creates Chinese "status quo", "people" remain in a proper sphere ", the principle of doing things zhijuzhechangle". American culture, on the contrary, the influence of Christianity, respected "original sin", that life is guilty, which originates from Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit, guilty of sin, were expelled from the garden of Eden, to the earth. So, in order to change the original sin, people have to work hard constantly.Collectivism orientation and individualism orientation. The Chinese advocates that the collective, social and national interests are paramount, and that individual interests must be subordinated to collective interests. In dealing with all kinds of relations, must be "self Shou Road", "too observant of conventional standards." and "self repression", "collective leadership and consistent with". This orientation also makes Chinese introverted and reserved, quiet, modest tolerance,And strive to adapt to the environment. American culture is highly individualistic. The United States is a multi-ethnic, multi religious and cultural tradition, advocating freedom, equality, individual struggle, heroism, pragmatism of the United States spirit". The pursuit of personal enjoyment, laissez faire personality and free development of the American people not only includes the pursuit and satisfaction of personal material interests, but also the realization of personal will and self.Stability and change. Under the influence of Confucianism, Chinese culture pursues a word "stability", whether it is personal development or social development". People are accustomed to "peace", "contentment", "live and work in peace" rule, so do anything is to "stable" as the premise. While American culture is the essence of "change" two words, the core idea is "nothing, and never change.". They believe that without innovation, without change, there is no progress and future. So the Americans love a new in order to be different, for better or worse, they always believe that rely on their own hands can change the fate of.Enlightenment to the construction of campus culture in ChinaIt is not difficult to understand that American campus culture has both advanced and positive aspects as well as backward and negative aspects. Therefore, we should actively absorb the essence of American campus culture on the basis of the traditional culture of our nation.First of all, Chinese campus culture construction should learn from the United States in the campus culture of"people-oriented" concept of education, so that all the work of the school with the students as the center, all around the growth of the students, meet the needs of students, for students to provide independent, relaxed learning environment. The status of teachers and students is equal, teachers pay attention to guide students to develop independent thinking, calm analysis, independent decision-making habits, cultivate students' innovative consciousness and creative ability.Secondly, efforts should be made to create a good academic atmosphere and improve students' scientific research ability. Paying attention to the academic and explaining the thought is the important idea of running a modern university. The university education in our country pays great attention to the accumulation and accumulation of knowledge, but neglects the cultivation of students' innovative ability and scientific research ability. When students first enter the campus, they should teach students how to do scientific research. In addition, all kinds of academic reports can be held, so that students can feel the charm of academic and thought, enrich their knowledge, and improve their interest in learning.Finally, the open curriculum system should be established and diversified teaching mode should be carried out. According to the characteristics and needs of the region, school tradition, curriculum foundation and teachers' expertise, colleges and universities can determine the curriculum system suitable for their own development, allowing different courses to be offered in the same major in different universities. Secondly, thecurriculum is diversified. In order to meet the different needs of students, "pay attention to the diversification of the same course, the same course for some students from different difficulty, the same difficulty course taught by teachers of different styles, different direction with the same field of courses for students to choose." 3In short, China and the United States due to the traditional culture, social system and education system is different, campus culture from construction, teaching, after-school life and other aspects of the existence of great differences. Therefore, the construction of campus culture in China should be based on excellent traditional culture, absorb reasonable, progress and the essence of American campus culture in part, promote the construction of campus culture China University, to create a better campus cultural atmosphere for the development of modern university education, cultivating new comprehensive talent. (author: Shangqiu Normal University Foreign Language College)。
中西方校园文化差异
中西方校园文化差异Chinese and western campus culture differences抚松一中一年一班研究性学习英语小组指导教师：王长青幻灯片制作：范馨元、颜子惠、张伟琦、江虹儒、宿桐、秦培妍、黄露萱资料收集：李文静、田芳雪、赵伟编辑：李长晟、孙雨禾、王倩茹、贾雯涵2015 年 6 月内容摘要：校园文化是以学生为主体，以课外文化活动为主要内容，亦策善能的校园文化建设，以校园为主要空间，涵盖院校领导、教职工在内，以校园精神为主要特征的一种群体文化.其中最能体现校园文化本质内容的是校园风气或校园精神。
Campus culture in his student as the main body, in the cultural activities as the main content and also strategy is good to the construction of campus culture, campus as the main space, school leadership, teachers, in the spirit of campus culture as the main characteristics of a group. One of the most can reflect the essential content of campus culture is the campus culture and campus spirit.本小组将从以下（1）——（6）六个方面对中西方校园文化差异进行研究，通过这次研究学习，我们对西方文化有了更好的了解，对我国校园文化也有了更深入的认识。
差异性的研究促进我们从多角度来看待世界文化，取其精华去其糟粕，在学习中开阔自身的视野，促进自身发展。
一、精神文化差异（1）办学宗旨（a）高级中学西方中学：伊顿公学（Eton College）坐落在伦敦 20 英里的温莎小镇，是英国最著名的贵族中学，排名全球第一。
中美校园文化对比
There are numerous differences between Chinese and American university education, many of us may think the campus life of American college students are free and easy to deal with. But according to the experiment of a lot of overseas student,the campus life there can be described briefly as “free but not easy”.The meaning of free is quite clear, and as we often see in American movies, college students there live a life almost independently. Many of them endeavor to make money to support their living expenses or even pay for their tuitions,so we can often hear about their busying doing part-time job, no matter what social status their families have. That’s totally different from the situation in China, where most students who try to find part-time job to earn money are those from poor families. The independence is not only shown in this way, the other evidence is that no one will supervise their study, which way they choose to learn and which life style to live in all depend on themselves. They have academic advisors, who will give suggestions on curriculum choosing, requirement of each professor and so on. They can also offer help about kinds of problems in life. Unlike us, they don’t have a “class” in which everyone has to take almost the same curriculum and always be together.In America, those who take the same course at the same time is called a “class”, as their classes are temporary, it’s impossible to assign a head teacher to a class, so it’s impossible to get someone to supervise students’ study. Furthermore, most student live in flat off campus from the second year of college, the freedom is further expanded. Those all make up the free system of American campus life, the students are those who should take responsible of taking good care of themselves and catching up with their study without deans or head teachers.Under this system, it ’s inevitable that some students lack the ability of self-control may result in poor academic performance, but that’s the result of competition, and to some extent, it helps the universities choose eligible students from the crowds.The discussions in American universities are also free. Everyone can cast a doubt on the speech of the professors, and debating is not limited in the students, students can refute the viewpoints of professors, and the professors can also challenge the authority of superior scholars.This pattern of learning independently reflects the respect of freedom and independence of American people, and now it’s attracting a large number of scholars come to America to study.Otherwise, on the other side of freedom, studying in an America university is anything but an easy one. The secret of keeping a benignacademic atmosphere in American universities is that the qualifications of graduation are strictly required, for those students whose academic performances are poor, it’s very h ard to get the diplomas.The teaching system of America universities and colleges is divided into two stages of fundamental courses and specialized courses, each course has its credits, and each specialized course requires the finishing of certain fundamental courses, only after finishing assigned basic classes, can students step into the study of specialized courses, this is resemble the system of Chinese universities. Students can discuss about the plan of study with the advisors, and then the advisors will give a schedule that fit the students’ condition and demand.Once admitted, students engage in undergraduate study, which consists of satisfying university and class requirements to achieve a bachelor's degree in a field of concentration known as a major. Students have to pass all the required courses to get enough credits if they want to get the bachelor’s degree.Almost every professor will give a long bibliography on the very first day of the class, students need to try to get those books on the list and read some parts of them before taking class. Because it ’s nearly impossible to get a satisfactory grade if you don ’t read those books recommended by the professors, even this is an elective task and is really hard to finish so much reading, students in America still try their best to read the booksand get the information the professors want them to obtain. While in China, most students will not do any additional reading because it will not affect the final exam grade. Take my friends Anne as an example, she is a sophomore in an American university .Each semester, they have to read a lot of books and write kinds of essays, but she seldom read the books recommended by the professors because she think it ’s useless, all she need to do is working harder when the final test period comes. After one year ’s study, she failed in three subjects. She has to go back sc hool during the vacation to take the make-up examinations, and the examinations are very difficult. Now she starts to aware of the importance of additional reading, those preview materials can not only help students comprehend the lectures, but also broaden the scope of knowledge.It’s easier to get a high grade in China as many teachers may emphasize the points which will be tested and the knowledge involved in tests is usually within the textbooks. I think the way American professors used to encourage students to learn more by themselves ensures the benign study atmosphere and cultivates the students’ self-learning ability. Many Chinese students find that the universities of America are really not suitable places to “hang around” after they study aboard. A huge number of projects, reading reports, researches are indispensible part of the campus life, and the tests always need not only careful review butalso reading books on the bibliography diligently.When we talk about campus life, extracurricular activity is a part we can’t ignore. American people clearly know how to enjoy life and how to enrich their life, and so do their university students.There are kinds of student clubs in every university, some of them are established for academic purpose, and others are merely for fun. They have academic clubs that students who are interested in a specific subject can join others to discussion and share their opinions,such as astronomy club, physical club, botanical club and so on. Other clubs are for entertainment purpose, like music club or movie clubs. Every student will take part in one or more clubs according to their interests, that gives them opportunities to make friends share the same interest and relax themselves.Most American people are care about their physical health, and most university students except those bookworms enjoy some kinds of sports. Every day after class, if the weather condition permits, the sports grounds are always full of people. There are usually tennis fields, swimming pool, and many other sport facilities in campus, and it ’s often accessible to every student. Sports are important to university students, and in American universities, of all the sports, rugby, baseball and basketball attract the most popularity, every year in America, there willbe national competitions of those sports and every school will hold kinds of matches.When university students are trying to figure out how to spend their vacations, American students mainly choose three kinds of things to kill their time.The first one is very universal, to earn some money by taking a part-time job. As many American students try to become independent after they become adults, the necessity of economic independence is highly respected. They won’t waste this vacant and will attempt to get enough money to support their next semester’s living expense and tuition. The second one is travelling, which is similar to Chinese. They often travel alone and the expense in the journey comes from the money they earn by taking part-time jobs. They value travelling a lot as they think travelling can broaden their horizon and enrich the life expiries. Learning foreign languages during vacations is also popular among students. Nowadays, more and more students try to acquire one or two foreign languages, French, German and Latin are the most popular ones. Some students are able to speak more than three foreign languages, and the ability to speak foreign languages is becoming a symbol of decent status.In conclusion, the campus life of America is quite different from ours, many significant characters of American culture are reflected in itscampus life. Independence is highly respected here, academic atmosphere is free, open and benign, all of these along with the diversity of extracurricular activities make American university education one of the most successful in the world. That’swhy numerous students are always dreaming about studying in America,and a lot of scholars are attracted to the U.S every year.王冉08 统计学2 班20222448。
中西方教育文化差异论文【精编版】
中西方教育文化差异论文《论中西传统文化中的教育思想》摘要:孔子与苏格拉底是中西传统教育史上两位举足轻重的人物，他们的教育思想，一直以来都被认为是中西方教育思想发展的源头。
通过对二者的教育思想的比较研究有助于真正认识到当今中西教育思想差异的源头所在，有助于我们认识当今中西方各自教育思想中的优势与不足，做到取其精华，去其糟粕。
关键词:孔子;苏格拉底;教育思想;差异;影响孔子与苏格拉底是中西思想文化史上里程碑式的人物，他们的思想对后世产生了巨大的影响，尤其是在教育思想上，两者可以看作是中西教育思想的源头，但是在不同的地域与文化差异的影响下，两者的教育思想有着本质上的差异。
这种差异反映在两者的教育目的，教育过程中确立的教师地位与师生关系，以及教育方法上。
而这种差异有对中西传统教育思想以及日后中西教育的发展走向也造成了深远的影响。
一、孔子与苏格拉底教育思想的差异孔子与苏格拉底教育思想的差异主要有三个方面:教育目的差异，教师地位与师生关系的差异，以及采用的教育方法的差异。
(一)教育目的的差异孔子与苏格拉底生于不同的国家，但却处于一个相似的时代。
两者都生在了一个社会转型和过渡的时期，孔子生活在我国春秋末期，正值奴隶制社会向封建制社会的过渡时期，而苏格拉底生活在希腊城邦奴隶制的衰落时期。
战乱之时，礼崩乐坏、道德沦丧，两者都极力想挽救这场社会危机，重塑道德在人心中的地位。
所以两者不约而同的选择了教育作为重塑人的灵魂，提升人的道德观念的一种途径。
两者都赋予了教育神圣而伟大的意义，都希望通过教育解决道德问题，从而达到最终的社会安定繁荣的目的。
从这点来看，两者实施教育的最初出发点是基本一致的，且两者的肯定了应该通过教育来实现人民道德的升华，但两者的具体目的却是不同的，而正是因为这种不同，才造成了后来中西传统教育思想的不同走向，也对中西文化发展产生了不同影响。
1、孔子的教育目的孔子的教育目的是让人拥有“仁”的具体道德修养，这也是孔子教育精髓与最高理想。
中美校园文化的差异
中美校园文化的差异摘要：改革开放以来，中国的市场经济发展蓬勃，呈上升趋势，特别是中美越来越多的经济和文化交流，使得两国在潜移默化中产生影响。
其中校园文化占重要部分，通过对两国校园文化的分析，找出其政治、文化、历史的差异并寻求其源远流长的根源，有助于两国学生更深层次地交流与发展，吸取文化精华，打造更加轻松开放的校园世界。
关键词：中美校园文化文化差异启示一、校园文化校园文化是一个学校的生命之泉，校园教育向来是一个国家所重视的教育工作，其工作的意义深远。
对于校园文化不同层次的研究，是很多学者文人的神圣使命。
查尔斯·赫梅尔在《今日的教育为了明日的世界》一书中指出：“教育的基本方向来源于文化。
”可见校园文化主干源于社会文化，受到社会文化主流文化的影响与制约，与整个时代大背景步调一致，又有带领时代前进的动力和新鲜血液。
所以看一个国家的校园文化可以了解这个国家的文化、政治及历史背景。
每一个学者研究校园文化都有其不同的视野和方向，角度与认知的不同造就对校园文化的不同理解。
目前比较公认的说法为《文化教育学》一书中给出的概念，即：“广义的，校园文化泛指办学过程中创造的物质成果和精神财富的总和。
狭义上，校园文化指校园特有的精神环境和文化氛围，是包含理念、目标、制度、传统、校风的综合体现。
”二、中美校园文化的差异1.校园建筑的差异。
谈到差异，大家都会想到学校建筑的差异。
在中国大多学校都是由一堵堵围墙所建造的，诚如学校的教育方式“保守、墨守成规”，老师、学生的活动被局限在这四四方方的墙内，思想也被一堵无形的墙牢牢限制。
在美国大多学校是没有围墙的，诚如学校的教育方式“开放、崇尚自由”，老师、学生的思想就像他们开放性的学校一样，是没有边际的。
当然，这些都与各自的民族传统文化息息相关。
中国从古至今都是含蓄内敛的国家，自给自足的小农经济，使得人们安于现状，与世无争。
在这种状态下，我们的祖先习惯用高高的城墙、围墙保护各自的私有利益和隐私。
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中西方校园文化差异精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】中西方校园文化差异Chineseandwesterncampusculturedifferences抚松一中一年一班研究性学习英语小组指导教师：王长青幻灯片制作：范馨元、颜子惠、张伟琦、江虹儒、宿桐、秦培妍、黄露萱资料收集：李文静、田芳雪、赵伟编辑：李长晟、孙雨禾、王倩茹、贾雯涵2015年6月内容摘要：校园文化是以学生为主体，以课外文化活动为主要内容，亦策善能的校园文化建设，以校园为主要空间，涵盖院校领导、教职工在内，以校园精神为主要特征的一种群体文化.其中最能体现校园文化本质内容的是校园风气或校园精神。
Campus culture in his student as the main body, in the cultural activities as the main content and also strategy is good to the construction of campus culture, campus as the main space, school leadership, teachers, in the spirit of campus culture as the main characteristics of a group. One of the most can reflect the essential content of campus culture is the campus culture and campus spirit.本小组将从以下（1）——（6）六个方面对中西方校园文化差异进行研究，通过这次研究学习，我们对西方文化有了更好的了解，对我国校园文化也有了更深入的认识。
差异性的研究促进我们从多角度来看待世界文化，取其精华去其糟粕，在学习中开阔自身的视野，促进自身发展。
一、精神文化差异（1）办学宗旨（a）高级中学西方中学：伊顿公学（Eton College）坐落在伦敦20英里的温莎小镇，是英国最着名的贵族中学，排名全球第一。
地处白金汉郡的泰晤士河河畔，与女王钟爱的温莎宫隔岸相望，伊顿公学是一座古老的学府，由亨利六世于1440年创办。
伊顿以“精英摇篮”、“绅士文化”闻名世界，也素以军事化的严格管理着称，学生成绩大都十分优异，被公认是英国最好的中学，是英国王室、政界经济界精英的培训之地。
这里曾造就过20位英国首相，培养出了诗人雪莱、经济学家凯恩斯，演员汤姆·希德勒斯顿、埃迪·雷德梅恩，还有“站在食物链顶端的男人”贝尔·格里尔斯。
也是英国王位第二号继承人，剑桥公爵威廉王子和哈里王子的母校。
伊顿每年250名左右的毕业生中，70余名进入牛津、剑桥，70%进入世界名校。
值得一提的是，在一战中英国男子在沙场上战死率约为11%，而从伊顿公学毕业的男子的战死率则约为20.6%。
其中骑士精神可见一斑。
今天的伊顿公学的办学目标主要有以下几点：（1）引导孩子明确独立意识和敢于承担责任。
伊顿校长托尼·利特曾明确提出：培养学生的）“独立”意识在伊顿的教学中居于首位。
为了达到此目的，伊顿对校规和作息时间做了严格的安排，进了伊顿的第一学年，孩子们的主课便是学会如何生活。
在伊顿，无论是王子还是富翁的儿子，每个学员都需要独立地安排自己的学习和生活，积极组织并参与各种社会活动，承担起属于自己的那份责任。
伊顿公学正是要通过对学生独立意识和责任感的培养，让伊顿学子们明白，他们的人生是自己的，只有学会自己做主，才能真正掌握自己的人生，才能更好地经营自己的人生。
（2）帮助孩子建立一套志向和信仰，教育年轻人要胸怀天下而不能器宇狭小、汲汲于名利。
学校在这方面就表现为有意识地培养学生的使命感。
伊顿学生好像天生就有一种使命感。
伊顿的使命感来源于文化传统的优越感：与智力相等的人交往而产生的智慧上的优越感；更重要的是自我证实所带来的自信引发的使命感。
正是在这种使命感的引导下，伊顿人个个身怀理想、自信大方，在各行各业，创立了自己的功业，践行着自己的信仰。
（3）要求孩子忠实坦荡、彬彬有礼、正直规矩、富于同情。
在伊顿公学，从传统中留下来的三个词被视为座右铭，“忠诚”就是其中之一，可见伊顿人把忠诚看得多么重要。
伊顿人将忠诚视为友爱的最高阶段。
一个伊顿人，在对待朋友上绝对要做到诚实和友爱，在对待更高的原则，比如对别人的承诺、选择的事业，以及事关国家、民族的荣誉等等上必须保持忠诚。
同时，作为“绅士的摇篮”，伊顿非常重视培养学生的礼貌和仪表。
真正的绅士，必须在任何情况下保持理智和彬彬有礼，这不只是外表的表现，内心也必须冷静、清晰、有条不紊。
这是一种绝对的修养，而伊顿公学从孩子入学的第一天起，就把造就这种绅士在自己的教学目标之中。
（4）伊顿具有等级性，且欣赏任何层面的出类拔萃，但是在学生生活和工作的小集体中，还需要保持友好、亲密的氛围。
荷麦说：友谊是一种温静与沉着的爱，为理智所引导，为习惯所结成，从长久的认识与共同的契合而产生，没有嫉妒，也没有恐惧。
在伊顿公学共同生活的五年，孩子们有分享共同成长的喜悦，有分担烦恼的感激，有彼此宽容对方的弱点和毛病，也有不打不成交情的谅解。
伊顿人之间的友爱，就是由一代代同学间的诚挚感情积淀而成的，并且逐渐形成的一种校风。
它不是来自校方有意识地督促或强迫，而是建立于生活中的感动与回忆。
中国中学：（1）衡水中学明确地提出“尊重的教育”这样一个全新的教育理念。
“尊重的教育”理念内涵及其意义“尊重的教育”这一理念的内涵，可以简单地概括为三个方面：第一要尊重教育规律。
主要指教师在教育活动中要按教育规律而不是按个人主观愿望去实施每一项教育活动。
第二要尊重教育对象的身心发展规律。
第三是指要尊重学生的人格、人性，尊重学生的个性发展，创造和谐的教育环境。
实际上“尊重的教育”就是素质教育，或者说“尊重的教育”是素质教育的重要内容。
把"尊重人、关心人、教育人、发展人"贯穿于学校德育工作的始终。
（2）抚松一中办学理念：面向全体，发展个性，办出特色，创建名校。
（b）大学西方大学：哈佛大学（Harvard University），简称哈佛，坐落于美国马萨诸塞州剑桥市，是一所享誉世界的私立研究型大学，是着名的常春藤盟校成员。
这里走出了8位美利坚合众国总统，上百位诺贝尔获得者曾在此工作、学习，其在文学、医学、法学、商学等多个领域拥有崇高的学术地位及广泛的影响力，被公认为是当今世界最顶尖的高等教育机构之一。
哈佛同时也是美国本土历史最悠久的高等学府，其诞生于1636年，最早由马萨诸塞州殖民地立法机关创建，初名新市民学院，是为了纪念在成立初期给予学院慷慨支持的约翰·哈佛牧师。
学校于1639年3月更名为哈佛学院。
1780年，哈佛学院正式改称哈佛大学。
截止2014年，学校有本科生6700余人，硕士及博士研究生14500余人。
1.根据时代发展的要求，不断调整大学的培养目标正是由于哈佛大学根据时代的要求不断地调整人才培养的目标，并不断改革其课程体系，才不断培养出许多举世公认的英才。
不仅哈佛如此，许多世界一流大学亦如此。
大学的产品是学生，学生质量的高低是大学水平高低的直接反映。
只有培养出世界一流人才的大学，才能称得上是世界一流大学。
对于我国大学而言，要培一流的英才，就必须根据根据国家政治经济文化发展的要求，结合世界的潮流，不断调整人才培养的目标，着眼于英才的培养，不断改革课程计划。
惟有如此，我们才能接近世界一流大学的目标。
2.坚持学术性，不断提升教育和科研水准以哈佛大学为代表的世界一流大学更多地强调了创造新知识的学术水平，亦即发现的学术水平。
这固然存在着弊端，而且这种倾向也招致了多方面的批评，但是无论如何，发现的学术水平在大学中始终处于重要的位置。
3.形成办学特色，通过特色创建一流对真理的追求，是贯穿在哈佛大学发展历史中的一种精神。
正是这种精神造就了哈佛的一流。
不论哈佛大学抑或其他一流大学，办学特色的创建始终是贯穿在其发展史中的。
4.坚持学术自由，创设良好的学术氛围学术自由是高等教育实践中的一种基本自由。
哈佛大学是美国大学中最早接受德国大学影响并在办学实践中践行学术自由思想的大学之一。
但是，哈佛大学在接受德国大学学术自由理念的同时，还发展了国大学学术自由的理念。
中国大学：总结：（2）教育方法：（a）教育方式与教育内容西方教育是一种尝试教育，先让学生尝试进行体验，在体验中发现难点，然后在解决难点中积累经验，最后，得出结论，那是真正属于自己研究的成果。
中国教育是一种灌输式教育，先将成人的经验告知学生，让学生按已有成功经验去操作（并非所谓的真学习）按部就班，在经验的指导下学习实践，同样，也是可以得到自己的结论，但是往往很难跳出已有的固定模式。
两者的最大差异就在于西方教育以人为本，从人的学习的本能出发，符合学习论，而中国教育是一种消除错误的“生产”教育，将学生当作产品，希望在生产线上生产出的是合格品，而不是次品。
正是不能正视“学习是可以犯错的”这一规律，使得学生缺乏应有的创新思维。
（b）美国教育美国大学本科教育理念：受过高等教育的人应当是有教养的人,应该有知识,具备学术技能,且善于思考。
知识:除专业的知识外,应有广泛的知识面。
学术技能:包括操作技能和价值判断技能。
操作技能：语言表达与交流,定量分析,逻辑推理,分析问题和解决问题,团队合作,社交等。
价值判断技能:审美,公民意识,全球意识,价值取向,道德与理论等。
（b）培养目标哈佛大学:具有出众的学术才能,非凡的个人魅力,卓越的领导才能,创造能力和体育特长。
坦斯福大学:要勇于开拓进取,不要成为没有出息的其他大学的膜拜者。
麻省理工学院:培养学生具有掌握和应用基本原理的能力及解决多方面问题的才智,才能适应科技的迅猛发展。
加州大学伯克利分校：特别重视对原理的探讨,尤其对思考过程的探讨,这远远重于对标准答案的追求。
（c）中西方教育方法差异1.班级学生定额不一样:西方国家从小学到高中每个班一般都是额定20人，一个班十五六个人则很常见。
国内除了偏远山区学校学生少之外，每个班都在30人以上，一个班四五十人的比比皆是。
2.西方学校没有班主任:在国外最好不要问孩子班主任是谁，因为这会让孩子很难回答。
从小学到高中，学生往往都不知道班主任是谁，每天只有校方管理人员来点点名，还时常更换。
3.课堂纪律要求不一样:中国的班级学生多，一个人有点小动作全班受影响，于是只好严格要求：小学干脆就让所有的学生手背到后面，老老实实、规规矩矩地听课；初中和高中老师也必须一遍遍地要求学生齐刷刷坐好，上课的学生就紧张得像士兵了。