商务合同英语的特点及翻译-最新范文
商务合同英语的文体特征
商务合同英语的文体特征商务合同在国际贸易中起到了至关重要的作用，为确保双方的权益，并使交易达到双赢的目标，商务合同的书写需要遵守一定的文体特征。
本文将探讨商务合同英语的文体特征，以帮助读者更好地理解和撰写商务合同。
一、简洁明了商务合同的英语书写应力求简洁明了。
文中应避免冗长的句子和繁琐的词汇，以便双方能够迅速理解条款。
例如：1. The Buyer shall purchase the Goods from the Seller at the agreed price.买方应按约定价格从卖方购买商品。
2. The Seller agrees to deliver the Goods to the Buyer within 30 days after receiving the payment.卖方同意在收到付款后的30天内将商品交付给买方。
二、清晰详细商务合同的英语应该准确明确地描述各方的权益和义务。
条款应该详细描述涉及的事项，避免产生歧义。
例如：1. The Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to purchase the following Goods:卖方同意出售并买方同意购买以下商品：- Product A: Quantity: 100 units产品A：数量：100个单位- Product B: Quantity: 200 units产品B：数量：200个单位2. The Buyer shall pay the agreed price of $10,000 within 30 days after receiving the invoice.买方应在收到发票后的30天内支付约定的价格10,000美元。
三、正式语言商务合同的英语应使用正式的语言表达，避免使用口语化的表达方式。
合同应给人以正式、专业的印象，增加合同的可靠性和权威性。
例如：1. The parties hereby agree to enter into this Contract for the purpose of establishing a business relationship.各方特此同意签订本合同，以建立业务关系。
英语商务合同的文体特征与翻译
英语商务合同的文体特征与翻译Business Contract Writing and Translation in English: Style and FeaturesAs a lawyer, it is important to draft a business contract in English that outlines the terms and conditions of a deal between two parties. The contract should contain details about the basic information of both parties, their identities, rights, obligations, performance methods, tenure, breach responsibility, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations of China. It should also clearly articulate the rights and obligations of each party, as well as the legal effectiveness and enforceability of the contract. Below are the key features that should be included in an English business contract:1. Basic Information: The contract should contain the full names, addresses, and contact details of both parties. It should also specify the nature of their business relationship, such as the goods or services being sold, and the payment terms.2. Identification of the Parties: It is important to clearly identify the parties in the contract and provide details about their legal status and authority to enter into the contract.3. Rights and Obligations: The contract should spell out the rights and obligations of each party, including their expectationsabout the performance and delivery of goods or services, as well as any warranties, guarantees, or representations.4. Performance Methods: The contract should outline the procedures that the parties must follow to fulfill their obligations, including timelines for delivery and payment requirements. It should also address issues such as product quality, inspection, and acceptance.5. Term and Renewal: The contract should specify the duration of the agreement, including provisions for renewal or extension. It should also outline the conditions for termination, breach, and default.6. Compliance with relevant laws: The contract should encompass all applicable laws and regulations, including those of China, that govern the parties' business relationship. This includes any licensing requirements, permits, or certifications.7. Dispute Resolution: The contract should specify the procedures for resolving any disputes that may arise between the parties, including mediation, arbitration, or litigation.8. Governing Law: The contract should identify the law that will govern the agreement, which may vary depending on the jurisdiction where the contract is negotiated.9. Legal Effectiveness: The contract should clearly state that it is legally binding and enforceable, and that it represents the entire agreement between the parties.In conclusion, it is essential to ensure that the English business contract is in accordance with the legal requirements of China, and that the provisions are clear, precise, and aligned with the expectations of both parties. This will help to minimize the risks of misunderstandings, disputes, and legal challenges that could cause delays or financial losses for the parties involved.。
商务合同英语用词特点总结范文
商务合同英语用词特点总结范文Commercial Contract English Language Characteristics SummaryThis commercial contract sets out the basic information of both parties, including their identities, rights, obligations, performance methods, deadlines, and breach of contract responsibilities. The contract also clearly states that both parties must comply with relevant Chinese laws and regulations.Rights and obligations of both parties are clearly defined in the commercial contract, which includes the obligations of each party during the performance of the contract. The contract also outlines the consequences of breaching the agreement, which will be determined based on the degree and severity of the breach.The terms of the contract are in accordance with the legal requirements of China and aim to protect the lawful rights and interests of both parties. It is agreed that the contract has legal effect and will be enforceable in accordance with applicable laws.In addition to the above, the contract contains other provisions that are important to the transaction. These provisions are also in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and are designed to ensure the success of the transaction.。
商务合同中英文范本(最新)5篇
商务合同中英文范本（最新）5篇全文共5篇示例，供读者参考篇1Business ContractThis Business Contract is made on [date], between [party A], with its principal place of business at [address] (hereinafter referred to as "Party A") and [party B], with its principal place of business at [address] (hereinafter referred to as "Party B").1. Purpose of the ContractThe purpose of this Contract is to outline the terms and conditions under which Party A and Party B will engage in a business relationship for [specific purpose of the contract].2. Scope of WorkParty A agrees to provide [description of goods or services] to Party B in accordance with the terms and conditions outlined in this Contract. Party B agrees to pay Party A the agreed upon payment for the goods or services provided.3. Payment TermsParty B agrees to pay Party A the total amount of [amount] for the goods or services provided, as outlined in this Contract. Payment shall be made in [currency] and is due within [number] days of receipt of invoice.4. Term of ContractThis Contract shall be effective as of the date of signing and shall continue until [specific end date or event], unless terminated earlier by mutual agreement of both parties.5. ConfidentialityBoth parties agree to keep any confidential information shared during the course of this Contract confidential and not disclose it to any third party without the express written consent of the disclosing party.6. TerminationEither party may terminate this Contract with [number] days written notice to the other party. In the event of termination, both parties agree to settle any outstanding payments or obligations in a timely manner.7. Dispute ResolutionAny disputes arising out of or relating to this Contract shall be resolved through arbitration in [city], [country] in accordance with the rules of the [Arbitration Association]. The decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on both parties.8. Governing LawThis Contract shall be governed by the laws of [state/country] without regard to its conflict of law provisions.In witness whereof, the parties have executed this Contract as of the date first above written.[Signature of Party A][Name of Party A][Signature of Party B][Name of Party B]This Contract is executed in duplicate, with each party retaining one original copy.篇2Commercial Contract TemplateThis Commercial Contract ("Contract") is entered into on [Date] by and between [Seller], having its principal place ofbusiness at [Address] ("Seller"), and [Buyer], having its principal place of business at [Address] ("Buyer").1. ProductsSeller agrees to sell and Buyer agrees to purchase the following products:- Description of Products: [Description]- Quantity: [Quantity]- Price: [Price]2. PaymentBuyer agrees to pay Seller the total amount of [Total Amount] for the Products. Payment shall be made in [Currency] within [Number] days of delivery of the Products.3. DeliverySeller shall deliver the Products to Buyer at the following address: [Delivery Address] on or before [Delivery Date]. Buyer shall be responsible for any additional costs associated with delivery.4. Inspection and AcceptanceBuyer shall have a period of [Number] days from the date of delivery to inspect the Products. If the Products do not conform to the specifications stated in this Contract, Buyer may reject the Products by providing written notice to Seller.5. WarrantySeller warrants that the Products shall conform to the specifications stated in this Contract and shall be free from defects in materials and workmanship. Seller's liability under this warranty shall be limited to the repair or replacement of the defective Products.6. Limitation of LiabilityIn no event shall either party be liable to the other party for any indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages arising out of or in connection with this Contract.7. Governing LawThis Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Jurisdiction], without regard to its conflicts of law principles.8. Entire AgreementThis Contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Contract as of the date first above written.[Seller] [Buyer]______________________ ______________________Signature Signature______________________ ______________________Name Name______________________ ______________________Title Title篇3Commercial Contract SampleThis Commercial Contract (the “Contract”) is made and entered into on this 1st day of January, 2022, by and between Company X, with its principal place of business located at 123 Main Street, New York, NY 10001 (hereinafter referred to as“Party A”), a nd Company Y, with its principal place of business located at 456 Oak Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90001 (hereinafter referred to as “Party B”).Whereas, Party A and Party B desire to enter into a business relationship for the purpose of [insert purpose of the contract].Now, therefore, in consideration of the mutual covenants and promises contained herein, the parties agree as follows:1. Term: The term of this Contract shall commence on the effective date set forth above and shall continue until [insert termination date, if applicable].2. Services: Party A shall provide [insert description of services] to Party B in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Contract.3. Payment: Party B shall pay Party A the sum of [insert payment amount] for the services rendered under this Contract. Payment shall be made [insert payment schedule, e.g. monthly, quarterly, etc.].4. Confidentiality: Both parties agree to keep all information exchanged during the term of this Contract confidential and shall not disclose any such information to third parties without the written consent of the other party.5. Termination: Either party may terminate this Contract upon [insert notice period] days written notice to the other party in the event of a material breach of this Contract by the other party.6. Governing Law: This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.7. Entire Agreement: This Contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral, relating to such subject matter.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Contract as of the date first above written.Party A: ____________________ Party B: ____________________Company X Company YDate: ______________________ Date: ______________________Signed and delivered in the presence of:Witness: ____________________ Witness: ____________________Name: Name:Address: Address:This Contract is effective as of the date first above written. [Signature page to follow]Signature PageCompany X:By: _______________________________Name: _____________________________Title: ______________________________Date: ______________________________Company Y:By: _______________________________Name: _____________________________Title: ______________________________Date: ______________________________Witness:By: _______________________________Name: _____________________________Title: ______________________________Date: ______________________________Witness:By: _______________________________Name: _____________________________Title: ______________________________Date: ______________________________This Contract is hereby executed as of the date first above written.篇4Commercial Contract SampleThis Commercial Contract (“Contract”) is made and entered into as of [Date], by and between [Company Name], a corporation organized and existing under the laws of[State/Country], having its principal place of business at [Address] (“Company”), and [Counterparty Name], a corporation organized and existing under the laws of [State/Country], having its principal place of business at [Address] (“Counterparty”).WHEREAS, Company and Counterparty desire to enter into a business transaction for the purpose of [Purpose of Contract];NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and covenants contained herein, the parties agree as follows:1. Term. The term of this Contract shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until [End Date], unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms herein.2. Services. Company shall provide Counterparty with the following services: [Description of Services].3. Compensation. In consideration for the services provided by Company, Counterparty shall pay Company the sum of [Amount] as compensation. Payment shall be made in [Currency] within [Number] days of the date of the invoice.4. Confidentiality. Both parties agree to maintain the confidentiality of all information disclosed during the course of business dealings. This obligation shall survive the termination of this Contract.5. Governing Law. This Contract shall be governed by the laws of [State/Country].IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Contract as of the Effective Date.[Company Name]By: ___________________________Name: __________________________Title: ___________________________[Counterparty Name]By: ___________________________Name: __________________________Title: ___________________________Accepted and agreed to:Date: __________________________[End of Contract]This is a sample commercial contract and should not be used as a template without consulting with legal counsel.篇5Commercial Contract SampleThis Commercial Contract ("Contract") is entered into by and between [Seller], a corporation organized and existing under the laws of [country], with its principal place of business located at[address], and [Buyer], a corporation organized and existing under the laws of [country], with its principal place of business located at [address], hereinafter referred to collectively as the "Parties".1. Sale of GoodsSeller agrees to sell and Buyer agrees to purchase the following goods: [description of goods], in the quantities and at the prices set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto.2. DeliverySeller shall deliver the goods to the location specified by Buyer in Exhibit A. Delivery shall be completed within [number] days from the date of this Contract, unless otherwise specified.3. PaymentBuyer shall pay Seller the total purchase price in the amount of [amount] upon execution of this Contract. Payment shall be made in [currency] and in accordance with the terms set forth in Exhibit B. Late payments shall accrue interest at a rate of [percentage] per month.4. Inspection and AcceptanceBuyer shall have [number] days from the date of delivery to inspect the goods and notify Seller of any non-conformities. Failure to notify Seller within the designated time frame shall constitute acceptance of the goods.5. WarrantiesSeller warrants that the goods shall conform to the specifications set forth in Exhibit A and shall be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of [number] days from the date of delivery. Seller's sole obligation under this warranty shall be to repair or replace any defective goods at no additional cost to Buyer.6. Limitation of LiabilityIn no event shall either Party be liable for any consequential, incidental, or punitive damages arising out of or related to this Contract. The total liability of either Party shall be limited to the total purchase price under this Contract.7. Force MajeureNeither Party shall be liable for any delay or failure to perform its obligations under this Contract due to causes beyond its reasonable control, including but not limited to acts of God, wars, riots, strikes, or natural disasters.8. Governing Law and JurisdictionThis Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [country]. Any disputes arising out of or related to this Contract shall be resolved exclusively by the courts of [jurisdiction].IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Contract as of the date first written above.[Signature of Seller] [Signature of Buyer][Name of Signatory] [Name of Signatory][Title of Signatory] [Title of Signatory]Exhibit A: Description of Goods and PricesExhibit B: Payment TermsThis Commercial Contract is hereby accepted by the Parties as of [date].---Please note that this is a sample commercial contract and should be reviewed by legal counsel before use.。
商务合同英语的特点及翻译范文
商务合同英语的特点及翻译范文Commercial Contract Characteristics and Sample Translation of Business ContractsIntroduction:In the global business landscape, the importance of commercial contracts cannot be overstated. As businesses expand their operations internationally, the need for effective communication and understanding of contractual terms becomes vital to ensure smooth transactions. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of commercial contracts in English and provide a sample translation to showcase their complexity and significance in the business world.1. Clarity and Precision:Commercial contracts in English are characterized by their clarity and precision in language. Every term, condition, and obligation is stated explicitly to eliminate any ambiguity or room for misinterpretation. The use of plain language is preferred to avoid any confusion or legal disputes that may arise due to vague or overly complex wording.For example, consider the following excerpt from a commercial contract:"Party A shall deliver the products, as specified in Exhibit 1, in accordance with the quantity, quality, and specifications agreed upon by Party A and Party B. Failure to deliver the products as per the agreed terms shall result in penalties as outlined in Clause 5.2."2. Binding Nature:Commercial contracts in English are legally binding documents that govern the relationship between parties involved in a business transaction. These contracts create obligations, duties, and rights for each party and are enforceable by law. The language used in commercial contracts reflects the gravity of these obligations and the consequences of a breach.For instance, consider the following excerpt from a commercial contract:"This agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and assigns. Any assignment of rights or obligations under this agreement shall require the prior written consent of the other party."3. Specificity in Terms and Conditions:Commercial contracts in English are characterized by their specific and detailed terms and conditions. These contracts address various aspects such as payment terms, delivery schedules, warranties, intellectual property rights, and dispute resolution mechanisms. The inclusion of specific provisions reduces the potential for misunderstandings and ensures that each party's rights and responsibilities are clearly outlined.For example, consider the following excerpt from a commercial contract:"The payment shall be made by Party B to Party A within thirty (30) days from the receipt of a valid invoice. In case of any disputes or disagreements regarding the invoice, Party B shall notify Party A in writing within ten (10) days from the receipt of the invoice. Failure to notify Party A within the specified timeframe shall be deemed as an acceptance of the invoice."4. Language of International Business:Commercial contracts in English serve as the lingua franca of international business. English is widely used in global commerce due to the historical influence of English-speaking countries in trade and economics. The language used in commercial contracts reflects the established conventions, practices, and standards of the international business community.Translation Sample:Original English Excerpt:"The Seller shall deliver the Goods in accordance with the terms specified hereunder. The Buyer shall make the payment as per the agreed schedule. In case of any disputes, the Parties agree to resolve the matter through arbitration in accordance with the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce."Translated Excerpt (Chinese):"卖方应按照下文规定的条款交付商品。
浅析英语商务合同的特点及翻译原则【范本模板】
浅析英语商务合同的特点及翻译原则摘要：自我国改革开放以来，各行各业对外经济交往和合作越来越频繁,英语商务合同作为具有法律效力的商务文件，在商务活动中具有一定重要性.而英语商务合同翻译的好坏直接关系到当事方的经济利益。
本文介绍了英语商务合同的特点,论述了英语商务合同的翻译原则，并提出了在翻译英语商务合同时应注意的一些问题。
关键词：英语商务合同，特点，翻译原则Abstract: Since China΄s reform and opening up，foreign economic exchanges and cooperation in all walks of life become more and more frequent. English commercial contracts, as legallybinding business documents, play an important role in business communication. Therefore,the quality of the translation of English business contracts will affect the economicinterests of the parties. This article first discusses the characteristics of Englishcommercialcontracts, then explores the principles for the translatiion of the English commercialcontracts and finally puts forward some points which should be noted in the translatingpractice。
Key Words: English commercial contract，features, translation principles引言随着中国经济的迅速发展和全球贸易的日趋融合，中国和世界其他国家的合作和贸易往来日渐频繁。
商务合同英译特点
商务合同英译特点一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。
但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。
实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。
常用的这类副词是由here、there、where 等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。
例如：从此以后、今后：hereafter;此后、以后：thereafter;在其上：thereonthereupon;在其下：thereunder;对于这个：hereto;对于那个：whereto;在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore;在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow;在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore;在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter.现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。
例1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.例2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。
The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.二、慎重处理合同的关键细目实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。
而恰恰是一些关键的细目.比如：金钱、时间、数量等。
商务合同中英文范本6篇
商务合同中英文范本6篇篇1Commercial Contract SampleThis Commercial Contract ("Contract") is entered into on [date], by and between [Company A], located at [address], ("Party A"), and [Company B], located at [address], ("Party B").1. Scope of WorkParty A agrees to provide [description of goods or services to be provided by Party A] to Party B, and Party B agrees to pay Party A the sum of [amount] for the goods or services provided.2. Payment TermsParty B agrees to pay Party A the total sum of [amount] within [number] days of the completion of the work. Payment shall be made in [currency] and shall be made to the bank account specified by Party A.3. DeliveryParty A shall deliver the goods or services to Party B at the address specified by Party B. The goods shall be delivered by[date]. Party B shall be responsible for any additional delivery charges.4. Term of ContractThis Contract shall commence on [date] and shall continue until the completion of the work or until terminated by either party upon [number] days written notice.5. Representations and WarrantiesParty A represents and warrants that it has the necessary skills and experience to perform the work under this Contract. Party A further warrants that the goods or services provided under this Contract shall be of good quality and free from defects.6. ConfidentialityBoth parties agree to keep confidential all information and documents exchanged during the term of this Contract. This includes, but is not limited to, customer lists, pricing information, and trade secrets.7. Governing LawThis Contract shall be governed by the laws of[state/country]. Any disputes arising out of or in connection withthis Contract shall be resolved through arbitration in [city], in accordance with the rules of [arbitration body].8. Entire AgreementThis Contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes any previous agreements or understandings between them. This Contract may only be amended in writing and signed by both parties.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Contract as of the date first written above.[Party A] [Party B][Signature] [Signature][Print Name] [Print Name][Title] [Title]This sample Commercial Contract is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. It is recommended that parties seeking to enter into a commercial agreement seek the advice of a qualified attorney.篇2Commercial ContractThis Commercial Contract (hereinafter referred to as the "Contract") is made and entered into as of [Date], by and between:Party A: [Name] (hereinafter referred to as the "Seller"), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of [Country], with its principal place of business located at [Address].Party B: [Name] (hereinafter referred to as the "Buyer"), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of [Country], with its principal place of business located at [Address].WHEREAS, the Seller is engaged in the business of selling [Products/Services], and the Buyer is interested in purchasing such [Products/Services].Now, therefore, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties agree as follows:1. Scope of Agreement1.1 The Seller agrees to sell, and the Buyer agrees to purchase, the [Products/Services] in the quantities and at the prices set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto.1.2 The Buyer shall issue purchase orders specifying the [Products/Services] to be purchased, the quantities, and deliverydates. The Seller shall confirm receipt of each purchase order within [number] days.2. Payment Terms2.1 The Buyer shall pay the Seller for the [Products/Services] in accordance with the payment terms set forth in Exhibit A.2.2 In the event of late payment, the Buyer shall pay interest on the overdue amount at the rate of [number]% per month.3. Delivery3.1 The Seller shall deliver the [Products/Services] to the Buyer's designated location in accordance with the delivery schedule set forth in Exhibit A.3.2 The Buyer shall be responsible for all shipping costs and expenses related to the delivery of the [Products/Services].4. Warranties4.1 The Seller warrants that the [Products/Services] shall conform to the specifications set forth in Exhibit A and shall be free from defects in material and workmanship.4.2 The Seller's liability under this warranty is limited to the repair or replacement of any defective [Products/Services] or refund of the purchase price.5. Confidentiality5.1 Both parties agree to keep confidential all information disclosed during the course of this Contract, including but not limited to pricing, product specifications, and customer lists.5.2 This confidentiality agreement shall survive the termination of this Contract.6. Termination6.1 Either party may terminate this Contract by providing written notice to the other party at least [number] days in advance.6.2 In the event of termination, the Buyer shall pay any outstanding amounts due to the Seller for the [Products/Services] delivered prior to the termination date.7. Governing Law7.1 This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Country].IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Contract as of the date first above written.Seller: ________________________Buyer: ________________________Exhibit A: [Specifications, Prices, and Delivery Schedule]篇3Business ContractThis Business Contract (the “Contract”) is made and entered into on this ____ day of ________________, 20__, by and between:[Company Name], a company organized and existing under the laws of [Jurisdiction], with its principal place of businessloc ated at [Address] (the “Company”)and[Counterparty Name], a company organized and existing under the laws of [Jurisdiction], with its principal place of business located at [Address] (the “Counterparty”).WHEREAS, the Company and the Counterparty desire to enter into this Contract to define the terms and conditions under which they will conduct business with each other;NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows:1. Services: The Company agrees to provide [description of services] (the “Services”) to the Counterparty in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Contract.2. Payment: The Counterparty agrees to pay the Company a total sum of [amount] as compensation for the Services. Payment shall be made in [currency] and is due [number] days after the completion of the Services.3. Term: This Contract shall commence on the date first written above and shall continue in full force and effect until the completion of the Services, unless terminated earlier by mutual agreement of the parties.4. Confidentiality: The parties agree to keep all information exchanged during the performance of this Contract confidential and not to disclose it to any third party without the other party’s consent.5. Governing Law: This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Jurisdiction].IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Contract as of the date first written above.[Company Name]By: __________________________Name: ________________________Title: ________________________[Counterparty Name]By: __________________________Name: ________________________Title: ________________________篇4Commercial ContractThis Commercial Contract is entered into by and between Party A, [Company Name], a corporation organized and existing under the laws of [Country], having its principal place of business at [Address] (hereinafter referred to as "Party A"), and Party B, [Company Name], a corporation organized and existing under the laws of [Country], having its principal place of business at [Address] (hereinafter referred to as "Party B").Whereas, Party A desires to [describe the purpose of the contract]; andWhereas, Party B has the capacity and ability to provide [describe the services or goods to be provided] in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein.Now, therefore, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows:1. Scope of Services: Party B shall provide [describe the services or goods to be provided] in accordance with the specifications set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto.2. Term: The term of this contract shall commence on [start date] and shall continue until [end date], unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms herein.3. Payment: Party A shall pay Party B the sum of [amount] for the services rendered under this contract. Payment shall be made in [currency] within [number] days of receipt of invoice.4. Warranties: Party B represents and warrants that it has the capacity and ability to provide the services in accordance with this contract.5. Confidentiality: Both parties agree that all information exchanged in the performance of this contract shall be treated as confidential and shall not be disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent of the disclosing party.6. Governing Law: This contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [Country].In witness whereof, the undersigned parties hereto have executed this Commercial Contract as of the Effective Date.Party A: [Signature] [Printed Name] [Title] Date: [Date]Party B: [Signature] [Printed Name] [Title] Date: [Date]Exhibit ASpecifications:[Describe the specifications for the services or goods to be provided]This contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes any prior agreements or understandings, whether written or oral, relating to the subject matter herein. This contract may not be amended except in writing signed by both parties.篇5Commercial ContractThis Commercial Contract, hereinafter referred to as the "Agreement," is made and entered into as of [Date], by and between [Party A], with its principal place of business located at [Address] (hereinafter referred to as "Company A"), and [Party B], with its principal place of business located at [Address] (hereinafter referred to as "Company B").1. PurposeThe purpose of this Agreement is for Company A to provide goods and/or services to Company B, in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein.2. TermThis Agreement shall commence on [Date] and shall continue for a period of [Duration] unless earlier terminated by either party in accordance with the termination provisions herein.3. ServicesCompany A agrees to provide the following goods and/or services to Company B:- [Description of goods/services]- [Description of goods/services]4. PaymentIn consideration for the goods and/or services provided by Company A, Company B agrees to pay Company A the sum of [Amount] within [Number] days of receipt of an invoice.5. WarrantyCompany A warrants that the goods and/or services provided under this Agreement will be of good quality and free from defects.6. TerminationThis Agreement may be terminated by either party upon [Number] days' written notice to the other party. In the event of termination, Company B shall pay any outstanding fees for goods and/or services provided prior to the termination date.7. ConfidentialityBoth parties agree to keep confidential the terms of this Agreement and any information shared between them, unless otherwise required by law.8. Governing LawThis Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [State/Country].9. Entire AgreementThis Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes any prior agreements or understandings, whether written or oral.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the date first above written.[Signature of Company A] [Signature of Company B][Name of Signatory] [Name of Signatory][Title of Signatory] [Title of Signatory]篇6Commercial Contract SampleThis Commercial Contract ("Contract") is made and entered into on this _____ day of ______________, 20__ by and between [Company Name], with its principal place of business at [Company Address] ("Seller") and [Company Name], with its principal place of business at [Company Address] ("Buyer").1. Product Description:Seller agrees to sell to Buyer and Buyer agrees to purchase from Seller the following product(s): [description of the product(s)].2. Price:The total purchase price for the product(s) shall be [amount in currency] to be paid by Buyer to Seller in the following manner: [payment terms, e.g. 50% upon signing this Contract, 50% upon delivery of the product(s)].3. Delivery:Seller shall deliver the product(s) to Buyer on or before [delivery date]. Buyer shall be responsible for any shipping costs associated with the delivery of the product(s).4. Inspection and Acceptance:Buyer shall have _____ days from the date of delivery to inspect the product(s) and notify Seller in writing of any defects or nonconformities. Buyer's failure to notify Seller within this time period shall constitute acceptance of the product(s).5. Warranty:Seller warrants that the product(s) shall be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of [warranty period] from the date of delivery. Seller's sole obligation under this warranty shall be to repair or replace the defective product(s) at Seller's expense.6. Limitation of Liability:In no event shall Seller be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages arising out of or in connection with the sale of the product(s) under this Contract.7. Governing Law:This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of [State], without regard to its conflict of law principles.8. Entire Agreement:This Contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous agreements, whether written or oral.In witness whereof, the parties have executed this Contract as of the date first above written.Seller: __________________________Buyer: __________________________[Signatures of authorized representatives]This Contract is hereby accepted and agreed to by: [Company Name]By: _________________________Title: _______________________[Date]。
商务英语合同的语言特征及其翻译
商务英语合同的语言特征及其翻译在当今全球化的商业环境中，商务英语合同扮演着至关重要的角色。
它不仅是双方权利和义务的明确约定，也是保障商业交易顺利进行的法律依据。
商务英语合同具有独特的语言特征，准确理解和翻译这些特征对于保障合同的法律效力和商业目的的实现具有重要意义。
商务英语合同的语言特征首先体现在其准确性上。
合同中的每一个条款、每一个词汇都必须精准无误，避免产生歧义。
例如，在涉及金额、数量、时间等关键信息时，必须使用明确的数字和具体的表述，而不能使用模糊不清的词汇或约数。
如“大约”“左右”等词汇在合同中应尽量避免使用，取而代之的是“精确到具体数字”的表达方式。
专业性也是商务英语合同语言的显著特征之一。
合同中会频繁使用专业术语和行业特定的词汇。
这些术语往往具有特定的法律和商业含义，需要译者具备相关的专业知识才能准确理解和翻译。
例如，“force majeure”（不可抗力）、“liquidated damages”（违约金）等。
如果译者对这些专业术语不熟悉，就可能导致翻译错误，从而影响合同的法律效力。
商务英语合同的语言通常较为正式和严谨。
句子结构复杂，多使用长句和复合句，以确保能够全面、准确地表达合同双方的意图。
同时，为了强调某些重要条款，还会使用被动语态、倒装句等特殊的语法结构。
例如，“In the event that the Buyer fails to make the payment withinthe stipulated period, the Sel ler shall have the right to terminate the contract”（如果买方未能在规定期限内付款，卖方有权终止合同。
）此外，商务英语合同的语言还具有规范性和格式化的特点。
合同往往遵循一定的格式和模板，在条款的编排和表述上具有相似性。
例如，在合同的开头通常会有“Party A”（甲方）和“Party B”（乙方）的定义，以及合同的背景和目的的说明；在合同的结尾通常会有签字、日期等部分。
商务英语合同的语言特征及其翻译
商务英语合同的语言特征及其翻译在全球化的商业环境中，商务英语合同扮演着至关重要的角色。
它不仅是双方权利和义务的明确约定，更是保障交易顺利进行、解决潜在纠纷的重要依据。
理解商务英语合同的语言特征，并掌握其准确的翻译方法，对于从事国际贸易、商务合作的人士来说具有关键意义。
商务英语合同的语言具有显著的特征。
首先，准确性是其核心要求。
合同中的每一个条款、每一个表述都必须精确无误，避免产生歧义或误解。
例如，在涉及金额、数量、时间等关键信息时，必须使用明确的数字和具体的表述。
“The payment shall be made within 30 days afterthe delivery of the goods”（付款应在货物交付后 30 天内进行。
）这里对付款时间的规定清晰明确，没有模糊的空间。
其次，商务英语合同语言具有严谨性。
在语法和词汇的使用上，力求严谨规范，遵循严格的语言规则。
句子结构通常较为复杂，多使用长句和复合句，以涵盖各种可能的情况和条件。
“In the event that the Seller fails to deliver the goods as stipulated in the contract, and such failure is not attributable to force majeure or any other circumstances beyond the Seller's control, the Seller shall be liable for breach of contract and compensate the Buyer for all losses incurred”（如果卖方未能按照合同规定交付货物，且这种违约并非由于不可抗力或卖方无法控制的任何其他情况所致，卖方应承担违约责任，并赔偿买方所遭受的一切损失。
）这样的句子通过多个从句和短语，详尽地规定了责任和义务。
[英语作文]商务合同的语言特征
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[英语作文]Linguistic Features of Business Contracts商务合同的语言特征Business contracts are a vital component of commercial transactions, ensuring that the agreements between parties are formally documented and enforceable by law. The language used in business contracts is characterized by specific linguistic features that aim to provide clarity, precision, and avoid any potential ambiguity. Understanding these features is essential for drafting effective contracts and ensuring that the intentions of all parties involved are accurately reflected in the legal document.One of the most prominent linguistic features of business contracts is the use of formal and archaic vocabulary. Terms such as "herein," "thereof," and "thenceforth" are commonplace in contractual language, as they have traditionally been used to eliminate any possibility of confusion or misinterpretation. Formal words like "commence," "terminate," and "provide" are preferred over their everyday synonyms to maintain the professional tone expected in legal documents.Another feature is the use of complex sentence structures, often involving conditional clauses and subordinate clauses. These sentences can be lengthy and contain multiple layers of information, which require careful reading and interpretation. The complexity serves the purpose of outlining all possible scenarios and contingencies related to the agreement.The passive voice is frequently employed in business contracts to emphasize the action or event rather than the actor. This can make the text appear more objective and impartial, which is desirable in legal contexts where the focus is on the terms and conditions themselves, rather than on the individuals involved.Precision is paramount in contractual language, so definitions for key terms are often provided within the text. This ensures that any specialized or technical terminology is clearly understood by all parties with the same meaning. Glossaries or definition sections are also common for maintaining consistency and avoiding misunderstandings.Additionally, the use of parallelism—the repetition of similar grammatical structures—is often seen in contract clauses. This stylistic device aids in organizing and presenting information in a coherent manner, making it easier to compare different provisions side by side.Hedging language, such as "may," "shall," "must," and "will," is used to indicate degrees of obligation and certainty. These modal verbs are carefully chosen to outline the responsibilities, rights, and duties of the contracting parties, creating a framework for performance and accountability.Finally, the avoidance of ambiguity through the use of complete clauses and detailed descriptions is another linguistic feature of business contracts. Every aspect of the agreement, from the parties involved to the services being exchanged, must be explicitly outlined to prevent any gaps that could lead to disputes.In conclusion, the language of business contracts is characterized by formality, complexity, precision, and a focus on eliminating vagueness. The linguistic features discussed above—formal vocabulary, complex sentence structures, passive voice, definitions of key terms, parallelism, hedging language, and detailed descriptions—are employed to ensure clarity and reduce the likelihood of misinterpretation. A comprehensive understanding of these features is crucial for anyone involved in drafting, reviewing, or relying on the enforcement of business contracts.。
商务合同英语的特点及翻译
商务合同英语的特点及翻译商务合同和协议是双方当事人或单位就某一商业活动协商而签署的合同或达成的协议，是对当事双方都具有约束力的法律性公文。
虽然这类公文的种类繁多，但格式较为统一，语言精练，内容缜密。
在英译商务合同和协议时，须对其上述三项，特别是后两项特征需特别留意，否则就会失之毫厘，谬以千里，给当事的一方或双方造成不可挽回的损失。
1.词汇特点1.1 使用公文惯用副词商务合同和协议属于法律公文，所以进行英文翻译时，需使用英语惯用的公文语副词，以便译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅。
公文语副词是由副词here、there、where等分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词，构成的复合公文语副词。
如：hereafter，thereafter，thereon，thereupon，hereinafter等。
例1.本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.例2.兹特由双方授权的代表，与上述首开日期和签署本合同为依据。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the panties hereto have executed this Contract by their authorized representatives as of the date first above written. 1.2 准确用词商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。
英译商务合同时，常常由于选词不当而导致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，甚至误译。
例1.双方都应遵守合同规定。
／双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。
Both parties shall abide by the contractual stipulations.／All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.英语中abide by与comply with均意味“遵守”。
英语商务合同特点及长句翻译
英语商务合同特点及长句翻译Analysis of the Characteristics of English InternationalBusiness Contractsand the Skills of Translating Long ClausesI IntroductionTranslating international business contracts and other legal documents have become an ever important task recently. High quality contracts are vital to the success of a business. According to a survey in 2001 by the Association of Chinese Enterprises, 90% of all enterprises in China experienced legal disputes. Poor quality contracts were one of the contributors of conflicts which could have been avoided if contracts had been drafted to reflect the intention of the parties involved. Sales contracts are tangible records of important agreements you (or your business) enter into with others. The success of a business depends, to a great extent, on how well your contracts are drafted.A well–drafted contract spells out each side’s rights and obligations and protects you as much as possible. A bad one can be disastrous. So your efforts and time spent on contract writing is very reward ing. Contract drafting isn’t easy, but a well–drafted contract means the difference between making money and losing money. Once the international business contract is drafted according to the international law, it can form a legal document which is binding for both parties and it also becomes the basis of solving disputes in the international business activities.The language of international business contracts carries with them special characteristics. The thesis analyzes the characteristics of English international business contracts. On that basis, it pinpoints the most difficult part of translating the documents from English to Chinese, the translation of long sentences containing subordinate clauses. It goes on to explore the skills of translating English business contracts. The analysis is supported by examples in English as well as in Chinese.II Language Characteristics of English International Business Contracts2.1Characteristics of WordsThe writing of international business contracts involves the knowledge of business English, international trade theories and practice, as well as international business laws. Therefore it is fairly specific. The words chosen must be professionally formal and accurate. It has a kind of special linguistic characteristic which are accepted through common practice. The main characteristics are as follows:2.1.1Use of Formal TermsThe drafters strive to adopt the written form and formal terms in the contract in order to give a sense of importance, clarity, standard, and respectability. The words used are of serious style, grammatically accurate, logically organized. Contractions, colloquial expressions, or slang are avoided.Example 1)Party A shall repatriate the patient to china and bear the cost of his passage to Beijing.甲⽅应将病⼈遣返中国，负担他返回北京的旅费。
商务合同英语的词汇特点与翻译策略
商务合同英语的词汇特点与翻译策略商务合同是进行商业活动中至关重要的法律文件，常常需要涉及多国间的交易。
因此，对商务合同英语的词汇特点和翻译策略的了解对于确保其准确性和合法性至关重要。
本文将探讨商务合同英语的词汇特点，并提供一些翻译策略，以帮助翻译人员更好地应对商务合同的翻译工作。
一、商务合同英语的词汇特点1. 术语性词汇：商务合同涉及许多专业领域，例如法律、金融、贸易等，其中包含大量术语性词汇，这些词汇在合同中具有特殊含义，翻译时需要准确传达其专业含义。
2. 法律性词汇：商务合同是一份法律文件，因此其中会涉及大量法律性词汇，例如“合同条款”（contractual terms）、“违约”（breach of contract）、“解除合同”（termination of contract）等。
对于这些法律性词汇，准确的翻译至关重要，以确保合同的合法性和权威性。
3. 具体明细词汇：商务合同通常需要详细描述交易双方的权利和义务，因此包含许多具体明细的词汇，如日期、数量、金额、地点等。
在翻译这些具体明细时，需要特别注意准确传达源语言中的具体信息。
二、商务合同英语的翻译策略1. 专业词汇的翻译：对于术语性和法律性词汇，翻译人员需要具备相应领域的专业知识。
在翻译过程中，可以参考相关法律文书或专业词典，以确保所选用的词汇准确传达合同的专业含义。
2. 语境理解与转换：商务合同的翻译需要准确理解合同中的语境，并将其转化为目标语言中恰当的表达方式。
对于一些只存在于源语言中的法律条款或习惯表达方式，可以适当调整翻译，保留法律或贸易习惯，以便源语言和目标语言的双方都能理解。
3. 逐句审查与校对：商务合同的翻译容不得任何错误或模糊之处，因此在完成翻译后，翻译人员需要逐句审查和校对翻译的准确性和一致性。
特别关注术语和法律性词汇的准确性，并修复可能存在的漏译或翻译错误。
4. 正式语言的运用：商务合同是一份正式的法律文件，因此在翻译中需要使用正式、规范的语言表达方式。
商务英文合同的词汇特征及其翻译论文
商务英文合同的词汇特征及其翻译论文商务英文合同的词汇特征及其翻译论文【摘要】商务合同是商业法人之间为实现一定的经济目的、明确相互权利义务的一种文体。
商务合同英语属半法律性语言，用词准确、正式、严谨，具有鲜明文体意义。
本文基于典型实例分析，探讨了商务英文合同的词汇特征及翻译方法。
【关键词】商务英文合同词汇特征翻译商务合同是商品经济的产物，它随着商品经济的产生而产生，也随着商品经济的发展而发展，是商品交换关系在法律上的体现，受到国家法律的承认和保护。
在世界经济全球化和一体化的今天，国际商务活动日益频繁，贸易国法人之间为实现一定的经济利益而签订的明确规定了贸易双方的权利和义务，具有法律效力的文件——国际商务合同的重要性也越来越突出。
商务合同英语既具有商务英语的特点，同时也具有法律英语的特点。
本文拟从庄重正式、准确严谨和简洁明了三个角度阐述分析商务英文合同的词汇特征及其翻译方法。
一、庄重正式Martin Joos按照语言使用的正式程度提出了英语的五种变体，即庄重文体(frozen style)，正式文体(formal style)，商议文体（consultative style），随便文体(casual style)和亲密文体(intimate style)。
一般认为商务合同英语属庄重文体，即五种变体英语中正式程度最高的一种。
商务英文合同的庄重正式的词汇特征体现在专业术语和外来词古体词的使用上。
1.商务专业术语专业术语(technical terms)具有鲜明的文体特色。
其意义精确、单一、无歧义，且不带有个人感情色彩。
为了准确描述商务活动中的各个交易环节以及与此相关的各类单据，商务合同英语文体中使用了大量表意清楚的商务专业术语。
例如，policy（保险单），negotiable（可转让的），liability（责任、义务），right of recourse（追索权），factoring（保理）等。
这些专业术语可避免冗长的解释，简化交易过程，提高工作效率。
英文商务合同论文英语商务合同的语言特点与翻译方法
英文商务合同论文英语商务合同的语言特点与翻译方法English Business Contract: Language Features and Translation MethodsIntroductionEnglish is the dominant language in the field of international business, and thus, English business contracts play a significant role in facilitating global trade. However, understanding and accurately translating these contracts can be complex due to their specific language features. This article explores the unique characteristics of English business contracts and provides insights into effective translation methods.1. Conciseness and PrecisionEnglish business contracts are known for their concise and precise language. The use of clear and specific terminology is crucial to avoid ambiguity and ensure mutual understanding between parties. Sentences are often structured in a straightforward manner, with minimal use of flowery or redundant language. This conciseness enables the contract to convey information efficiently and reduces the chances of misinterpretation.Translation Approach: When translating English business contracts, it is crucial to maintain the same level of conciseness and precision. Translators should prioritize accuracy and ensure that the translated version captures the original intent without introducing any ambiguity. Moreover, maintaining a clear and straightforward style will help ensure that the translated contract is easy to comprehend for all parties involved.2. Legal Terminology and JargonEnglish business contracts involve extensive use of legal terminology and jargon. These terms have specific meanings within the legal context and carry legal consequences. They often require precise translation to preserve their intended legal implications. Examples of such terms include "liability," "indemnification," and "force majeure."Translation Approach: When translating legal terminology and jargon, it is essential to have a deep understanding of both legal systems involved. Translators should conduct thorough research to identify the equivalent terms in the target language that carry the same legal weight. If no direct translation exists, explanatory footnotes or annotations can be added to ensure clarity.3. Conditionality and Precision in ObligationsEnglish business contracts frequently employ conditional language to specify obligations. This enables parties to outline the conditions under which certain obligations must be fulfilled. The use of precise language is crucial to avoid misunderstandings regarding the timing, extent, or triggering events of obligations.Translation Approach: Translating conditional language requires meticulous attention to detail. The translator must ensure that the conditions and obligations are accurately conveyed in the target language, including any specific requirements or triggering events. It is essential to maintain clarity and precision to prevent any misinterpretation by the parties involved.4. Cultural Considerations and International ApplicabilityEnglish business contracts are typically drafted with an international audience in mind. They aim to be culturally neutral and applicable across different jurisdictions. However, certain country-specific laws or cultural practices may need to be considered during the translation process.Translation Approach: Translators should possess a thorough understanding of both the source and target cultures to ensure accurate translation. They must research and consider any legal or cultural nuances that may impact the interpretation of the contract in the target language. Consulting legal experts from the target jurisdiction can also be beneficial to ensure compliance and address any potential conflicts.ConclusionEnglish business contracts have distinct language features that require careful attention during the translation process. Maintaining conciseness, accuracy, and cultural adaptability are essential for ensuring mutual understanding and effective communication between parties. By employing appropriate translation methods and considering legal and cultural nuances, translators can accurately convey the intent and obligations of English business contracts in the target language, thereby facilitating smooth international business transactions.。
商务合同英文的特点
商务合同英文的特点Features of a Business Contract in EnglishAs a lawyer, you need to draft a business contract in English with the following features:1. Basic Information of the PartiesThe contract should clearly state the full name, legal status, address, and other relevant information of both parties.2. Identity, Rights, and Obligations of the PartiesThe contract should specify the identity, status, rights, and obligations of each party in clear and concise terms.3. Performance Terms and ConditionsThe contract should clearly describe the performance requirements, procedures, and deadlines for each party to fulfill their obligations.4. Breach of Contract and RemediesThe contract should stipulate the consequences of breach of contract, including the remedies available to the non-breaching party.5. Compliance with Relevant Laws and RegulationsThe contract should state clearly that both parties agree to comply with the relevant laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China.6. Clarity of Rights and ObligationsThe contract should clearly define the rights and obligations of each party to the agreement, leaving no room for ambiguity or misunderstanding.7. Legal Validity and EnforceabilityThe contract should be carefully drafted to ensure its legal validity and enforceability under relevant Chinese laws and standards.8. Other Terms and ConditionsThe contract should include any other relevant terms and conditions necessary to fully implement the agreement between the parties.Overall, a well-written business contract in English is essential for safeguarding the interests and rights of both parties involved in the agreement.。
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商务合同英语的特点及翻译商务合同和协议是双方当事人或单位就某一商业活动协商而签署的合同或达成的协议,是对当事双方都具有约束力的法律性公文。
虽然这类公文的种类繁多,但格式较为统一,语言精练,内容缜密。
在英译商务合同和协议时,须对其上述三项,特别是后两项特征需特别留意,否则就会失之毫厘,谬以千里,给当事的一方或双方造成不可挽回的损失。
1.词汇特点1.1 使用公文惯用副词商务合同和协议属于法律公文,所以进行英文翻译时,需使用英语惯用的公文语副词,以便译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅。
公文语副词是由副词here、there、where等分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词,构成的复合公文语副词。
如：hereafter,thereafter,thereon,thereupon,hereinafter等。
例1.本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.例2.兹特由双方授权的代表,与上述首开日期和签署本合同为依据。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the panties hereto have executed this Contract by their authorized representatives as of the date first above written. 1.2 准确用词商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体,用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。
英译商务合同时,常常由于选词不当而导致词不达意或者意思模棱两可,甚至误译。
例1.双方都应遵守合同规定。
／双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。
Both parties shall abide by the contractual stipulations.／All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.英语中abide by与comply with均意味“遵守”。
当主语是人时,须用abide by,当主语是物时,则用comply with.例2.双方同意将交货期改为8月,并将美元折合成港币。
Both parties agree to change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar intoHong Kong dollar.翻译时需注意change A to B与change A into B的差异。
前者意指“把A改为B”,后者意为“把A折合成／兑换成B”。
例3.由“胜利”轮运走／运来／承运的货物将于10月12日抵达巴黎。
The goods per／ex／by S.S.“Victory” will arrive at Paris on October 12.介词ex,per,和by含义不同：ex指“运来”,per指“运走”,by为“承运”。
1.3 注意合同细目的翻译为了避免英译合同中的细目,如：金钱、时间、数量等出现差错,常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。
例1.如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其他货物造成任何损害,托运人应负全责。
The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and / or cargo on board.英语中and/ or 意为“甲和乙+甲或乙”,这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。
例2.买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并答订本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller,whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodity subject to the terms andconditions stipulated below.英语中的by and between强调合同是由“双方”签订的。
例3.自9月1日起,甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。
Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 1.英文—文中用双介词on and after意为含当天日期在内的起止时间。
例4. On or prior to the Closing Date there shall have been delivered to the Subscriber, an opinion, in a form satisfactory to the Subscriber,or Skinner,Lind,Willie,Wong and Chin.,Malaysian counsel to the Trustee and the Manager.中止日或中止日期前,应以认购人满意之形式,向认购人提供受托人及管理人之马来西亚顾问Skinner,Lind,Willie,Wong及Chin之意见。
英文中用双介词on or prior to 意为当日或当日之前。
2.句法特点为了保证商务合同与协议翻译的准确,不引起误解,商务合同与协议的英文翻译语句一般较长,插入成分较多,句法结构也较为复杂,多使用条件状语从句、有it作形式主语的主语从句及定语从句等。
例1.The Customer and NEXPRESS each agree and undertake that during the Term and Thereafter it will keep confidential and will not use for its own purposes or without the prior written consent of the other party disclose to any third party any part or all information concerning the terms of this Agreement unless such information is in the public domain other than as a result of a breach of this clause.用户及NEXPRESS均同意并承诺,在服务期间及之后,在没有对方书面露面同意之情况下,将对本协议条款之所有内容保密,不将其用于自己之用途,亦不向第三方透漏任何或全部与本协议有关之内容。
除非此等咨询为公开情况,否则即被视为违反本条款。
这是一保密条款中的一部分,从中我们可以看到原文较长,插入成分较多,滴水不漏地表达了句中各个部分之间的关系。
例2.If no written objection is raised by either party one month before its expiry, this Agreement will be automatically extended for another year.在期满前一个月,如果双方未用书面提出异议,本协议将自动延长一年。
商务合同及协议中常用的连接词有：if, in case that,in the eventthat, unless等。
例3.Should one of the parties fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this Agreement,the other party is entitled to terminate this Agreement.如果一方未按本协议条款执行,另一方有权中止协议。
should可放在句首引出倒装条件句。
例4.It is agreed that a margin of 2 percent shall be allowed for over or short count.双方同意,允许的误差为正负2％。
it作形式主语。
例5.Any term of condition of this Agreement which is prohibited or unenforceable in anyJurisdiction is ineffective as to that jurisdiction to the extent of the prohibition orenforceability.在任何司法管辖权内被禁止或成为不可执行之条款,仅在禁止或不可施行之司法管辖权范围内无效。
which引出一定语从句,修饰先行词。
下面是翻译实践,请大家在完成本篇的翻译后再参考译文。
Terms in Technical Contract The Buyer agrees that the Seller will carry out the design, selection of material manufacturing, inspection and test of the Equipment and Materials supplied by the Seller according to the existing standards and codes of the Seller‘ s country. Within one and a half months after signing the Contract the Seller shall airmail at his own expense to the Buyer the said standards and codes in six copies.These documents shall be delivered in English as far as possible and the rest in German. The standards and codes shall be with indication of item numbers of the Equipment and Materials. The Buyer shall put forward his comments with reference to the submitted standards and codes during the preliminary design meeting and the final agreement reached between both parties through discussion shall be regarded as the basis for the inspection and test of the Equipment and Materials. All the Equipment and Materials supplied by the Seller shall be inspected by the Seller and quality certificates and inspection and test records shall be issued by the manufacturers or the Seller.These documents shall be delivered to the Buyer as certificates of quality guarantee in accordance with the Contract. All expenses involved in the inspection and test of the Equipment and Materials shall be for the Seller‘s account.ates and inspection and test records shall be issued by the manufacturers or the Seller. These documents shall be delivered to the Buyer as certificates of quality guarantee in accordance with the Contract.All expenses involved in the inspection and test of the Equipment and Materials shall be for the Seller‘s account.。