最新[基础医学]社会医学研究方法幻灯片课件

Data processing
Transforming the data collected into a form appropriate to manipulation and analysis
Population and sampling
Whom do we want to be able to draw conclusions about? Who will be observed for that purpose?
Interest ?--Y
来自百度文库
Idea X-?-Y
Theory A-B-C-X-D-Y
Conceptualization
Specify the meaning of the concepts and variables to be studied
Operationalization
How will we actually measure the variables under study
Snowball sampling
Quota sampling
第二节 现场调查方法 methods of field survey
一、现场定性研究 qualitative field research
（一）、定性研究的特点
关注事物的过程，而不 是事物的结果
对少数特殊人群的研究， 其结果不能外推
Choice of research method
Experiment; survey research;field research; existing data research; comparative research; evaluation research
Observations
Collecting data for analysis and interpretation
1．概率抽样
单纯随机抽样 系统抽样概率抽样 分层抽样 整群抽样 多阶段抽样
probability sampling Simple random
sampling Systematic sampling Stratified sampling Cluster sampling Multistage sampling
利用已有的文献资料，通 过整理、综合、分析等手 段，最终达到研究目的的 一种研究方法
文献的种类：第一手和第 二手资料
注意事项：文献研究的主 观性和文献的质量
A way Based on the existed literature, by processing, integrating, analyzing to achieve the purpose of research.
需要与研究对象保持较 长时间的密切接触
很少用概率统计分析
Focus on the process rather than the results
Study on some special population, conclusion
cannot be extrapolated
Keep close contact with the objects for a long time
1．课题评价
(1)需要性原则： (2)创造性原则 (3)科学性原则
2．可行性论证 从技术和经济两个角度 论证
Evaluation of project --necessary --creativity -- scientificity
Feasibility argumentation --technique and economic conditions
2．非概率抽样 Non-probability sampling
（1）方便抽样 （2）立意抽样 （3）雪球抽样 （4）定额抽样
Reliance on available subjects (Convenience sampling)
Purposive or judgmental sampling
（一）选择课题 陈述假设 Choice of topic, stating hypotheses
（五） 解释结果
Explanting results
（二）制定研究方案 Making research design
（四） 整理和分析
processing and analyzing
（三）收集资料 Collecting data
Analysis Analyzing data and drawing conclusion
Application: reporting results and assessing their implications
The research process
(一)选择课题 choice of project
seldom use probability statistics analysis
(二)制定研究方案
Research design
技术路线 实施计划 资料的整理 分析计划
Outline Implementation Plan Data processing Data analysis
调查研究的对象，一般采用抽样方法确定。 抽样方法可以分为两类：概率抽样、非概率抽样 probability sampling， non-probability sampling
[基础医学]社会医学研究方 法
内容
contents
概 述 现场调查方法 问卷设计 随机应答技术
Introduction Field survey method Design of
questionnaire Randomized
Response Technique
文献研究 literature research
Types of literature: Original data & secondhand data.
Caution: subjectivity of literatures research and quality of literature.
二 、社会医学研究的步骤
The research Process