副词和介词(二)

（二）这类词主要有wide，widely；close，closely ；high，highly等

等，这两种副词形式不同，含义也有差别，但是没有第一类的区别明显，而且翻译成汉语时用词也很接近。所以使用时很容易混淆。这类词含义及用法上的主要特点是：不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作，说明的动作或状况有可测量性和可见性；而以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。这时，这些词大都具有"greatly"和"extremel y"的含义。试作如下比较：

1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看

见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞着？

The distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。

2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的。

We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很

大。

3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.买那个望远镜你得付

很高的价钱。

You will pay dearly for the insult. 对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价。

4.She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。

The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他。

5.The bird is now flying quite low.鸟儿现在飞得非常低。

He bowed lowly before the queen.他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬。

6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。

You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻。

7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗。

The passengers were packed tightly in the train.火车车箱里挤满了乘

客。

8.Mr. Cole tends to speak rather loud.科尔先生说话声音总是很大。

Mr. Cole boasted loudly of his power. 科尔先生大肆夸耀自己的权力。

（三）这类词主要有slow，slowly；quick，quickly等等异形同义词。当

然，现代英语的语言规范性要求用以-ly 结尾的副词来修饰动词，但由于句子结构以及搭配的不同，使用时也具有不同的倾向性。在此，主要探讨一下在什么情况下常使用不带-ly的副词形式。同时，把第二类中一些适应于下列规则的词也包括进去。总的说来，倾向于使用不带-ly副词形式的情况大致有下列四种：

Ⅰ用作比较级或最高级时：

1.Allen was walking quickly, but George was walking evenquicker.

艾伦走得很快，但乔治走得更快。

2.The men were quarreling loudly, but the policemenshouted louder.

那些人在大声争吵着，但是警察喊叫得更响。

3.The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still.

汽车走得越来越慢，最后停了下来。

4.Let's see who can run quickest.我们来看看谁跑得最快。

5.We must look closer at the problem. 我们必须更加仔细地查看这一问

Ⅱ有"so"或"too"修饰时：

1.It all happened so quick that I could do nothing. 这一切发生得如

此之快以致于我手足无措无法对付了。

2.It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes tooslow.不可能赶

上他了，你的车太慢了。

3.Don't talk so loud; the child is in bed now.别这样大声说话，孩子

已经睡了。

介词：on in at d等等可表时间、地点、方向等

副词：then there here down what(疑问副词)等等

1) 时间和频度副词:

now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately,

next,lastday,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.

2) 地点副词:

here, there, everywhere, anywhere, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.

3) 方式副词:

carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly

4) 程度副词:

much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.

5) 疑问副词:

how, when, where, why.

6) 关系副词:

when, where, why.

7) 连接副词:

therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then.