江西财经大学1001英语2020年考博真题
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(76)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(76)(总分150, 做题时间150分钟)Reading ComprehensionA century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protect **pany. But perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. Nearly half of all negligence cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. And the railroads usually won.Most of the cases were decided in state courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. Government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiring them often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.Court decisions always went against railroad workers. Mr. Farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchman's negligence ran his engine off the track. The court reasoned that since Farwell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, was a "pure accident". In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of another.In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found **pany responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned the jury's decision because it argued that the railroad's negligence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.As the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads—against their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness(无情)toward individuals.SSS_SINGLE_SELAignoranceBarroganceCcarelessnessDdepression该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C根据文中第三段的“Mr．Farwell，an engineer，lost his right hand when a switchman’s negligence ran his engine off the track．”可知：法威尔先生是铁路部门的名工程师。
南开大学2020年考博英语试题1001英语(试卷B)
C.rich and powerful entrepreneurs
D.people operating an online business
4.In paragraph 4, the author seemsto _______.
Today pumped hydropower is the most common way to store energy. When it is sunny or windy any excess electricity from solar and wind farms can be used to pump water uphill into reservoirs, to be released later to generate hydropower. But lots of places lack mountains, rain and room. Batteries are an alternative. They can smooth jumps and drops in supply and store renewable energy when it is abundant, as in California on a sunny afternoon, and then release it in the evening, when demand rises. If batteries are to realise their potential, they need to become cheaper and better. Progress is being made. Lithium-ion batteries have become 85% less expensive since 2010, as firms have poured capital into factories to mass-produce batteries for electric vehicles. But technical problems persist. For example, lithium-ion batteries are bad at storing energy for long periods, which is important in countries with rainy seasons. Happily, firms are experimenting.Tycoons, including Jack Ma of Alibaba and Jeff Bezos of Amazon, have invested in startups that are pursuing energy storage usingeverything from novel battery designs to molten salt to pressurised water pumped underground.
江西财经大学学位英语考试真题
江西财经大学学位英语考试真题The Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics (JUFE) Degree English Exam is a crucial milestone for students seeking to graduate with honors. This exam not only tests the students' proficiency in English but also their ability to apply their knowledge in academic settings. In this article, we delve into the real exam questions from JUFE's Degree English Exam, discussing the key themes, common pitfalls, and effective study strategies.**Exam Overview and Key Themes**JUFE's Degree English Exam typically covers a wide range of topics, including reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, writing skills, and listening comprehension. Reading comprehension questions often focus on passages from various academic disciplines, requiring students to analyze and interpret complex information. Vocabulary and grammar questions test the students' fundamental knowledge of the English language, whilewriting questions assess their ability to express ideas clearly and coherently. Listening comprehension questionschallenge the students' ability to understand spoken English in academic settings.**Common Pitfalls and Strategies**One common pitfall students fall into is ignoring the importance of vocabulary and grammar. A solid foundation in these areas is crucial for success in the exam. Students should make regular efforts to expand their vocabulary and brush up on their grammar rules. Another pitfall is failing to practice writing regularly. Writing skills are honed through practice, so students should allocate time for writing practice in their study plans.**Effective Study Strategies**To prepare effectively for the exam, students should follow a structured study plan. This plan should include regular reviews of vocabulary and grammar, practice in reading comprehension and writing skills, and exposure to listening materials. Additionally, students should take mock tests to familiarize themselves with the exam format and timing.**Conclusion**Preparing for the Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Degree English Exam requires a comprehensive understanding of the exam's structure and content, as well as effective study strategies. By focusing on key themes, avoiding common pitfalls, and implementing structured study plans, students can increase their chances of success in this challenging exam.**江西财经大学学位英语考试真题深度解析与学习策略** 江西财经大学（江财）学位英语考试对于学生而言，是毕业荣誉的重要里程碑。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-江西财经大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷14
2022年考研考博-考博英语-江西财经大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank from the four choices marked A, B, C or D and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Public officials and candidates for public offices routinely use public opinion polls to keep（31）of what the people are thinking. An important question is the degree to which these polls should guide leaders（32）their actions. There are arguments for and against the use of polls as the basis for policy（33）.Polls can contribute to effective government by keeping political leaders from getting too far（34）line with the public’s thinking. In a democratic society, the effectives of a public policy depends on the extent of its public（35）. When a policy is contrary to the public’s desires, people may choose to（36）or undermined it, thus making it counterproductive or inefficient. Furthermore, when government（37）a course of action with which a large proportion of the public disagrees, it（38）a loss of public confidence, which can have a negative effect on its ability to lead. The Reagan administration, flying high from 1981 to 1985, was brought low in 1986 by public reaction to news of its secret sales of weapons to Iran. The administration had not paid（39）attention to polls that had revealed the deep antagonism Americans still felt toward Iran because the Ayatollah Khomeini’s regime had held three American hostages.However, leaders can also do a disservice to the public they represent by using poll results as a（40）for policy judgment. Effective government, as Walter Lippmann wrote, cannot be conducted by legislators and officials who, when a question is presented, ask themselves first and last not what is the truth and which is the right and necessary course.问题1选项A.traceB.tradeC.trackD.trap问题2选项A.withB.toC.forD.in问题3选项A.determinationB.conclusionC.decisionD.choice问题4选项A.fromB.byC.atD.about问题5选项A.admissionB.supportC.disagreementD.reaction问题6选项A.disputeB.disregardC.disrespectD.disrupt问题7选项A.continuesB.carries onC.embarksD.pursues问题8选项A.risksB.costsC.makesD.endangers问题9选项A.efficiencyB.effectiveC.sufficientD.scarce问题10选项A.replacementB.substituteC.changeD.diversity【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B【解析】31、【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查名词与词组辨析。
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(96)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(96)(总分150, 做题时间150分钟)Structure and Vocabulary** music aroused an______feeling of homesickness in him.SSS_SINGLE_SELAintentionalBintermittentCintenseDintrinsic该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.2答案:C四个选项的意思分别是：intentional故意的，策划的；intermittent间歇的，断断续续的；intense强烈的，紧张的；intrinsic固有的，内在的，本质的。
句意是，那音乐激起他强烈的思乡之情。
根据句意可推出正确答案是C选项。
** medicine______his pain but did not cure his illness.SSS_SINGLE_SELAactivatedBalleviatedCmediatedDdeteriorated该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.2答案:B四个选项的意思分别是：activated使运作，使起作用，激活；alleviated减轻，缓解(痛苦等)；mediated调停，调解；deteriorated使恶化。
句意是，这种药缓解了他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病。
根据句意可推出正确答案是B选项。
** no______should you do this without help and advice from your doctor—restricting the diet of small children can be very dangerous.SSS_SINGLE_SELAperspectivesBrestrictionsCcircumstancesDconsequences该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.2答案:C本题空格处是说在任何情况下都不该这么做。
江西财经大学考博英语模拟试题解析
江西财经大学考博英语模拟试题解析Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D],Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by black-Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times____1979.[A]from[B]after[C]for[D]sinceThe sentence should read,"I have been to the Great Wall three times since1979."Therefore,you should choose[D]Sample Answer[A][B][C][D]1.As I'll be away for at least a year,I'd appreciate____from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A]hearing[B]to hear[C]to be hearing[D]having heard Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.2.Greatly agitated,I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ___to find it locked.[A]just[B]only[C]hence[D]thus3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent___and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.[A]to sunbathe[B]to have sunbathed[C]having sunbathed[D]sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods,you are not entitled____a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on5.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont____I noticeda young man holding up a sign reading"Boston".[A]which[B]where[C]when[D]that6.Christie stared angrily at her boos and turned away,as though____out of the office.[A]went[B]gone[C]to go[D]would go7.The roles expected___old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.[A]of[B]on[C]to[D]with8.Talk to anyone in the drug industry,____you'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.[A]or[B]and[C]for[D]so9.It wasn't so much that I disliked her___that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.[A]rather[B]so[C]than[D]as10.Countless divouced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divouce,let alone___one.[A]getting[B]to get[C]gotten[D]getSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（5points）Example:A number of[A]foreign visitors were taken[B]to the industrial exhibition,which[C]they saw[D]many new products.Answer[C]is wrong.The sentence should read,"A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition,where they saw many new products."So you should choose[C].Sample Answer[A][B][C][D]11.Having isolated[A]on a remote island,with[B]little work to occupy[C]them,the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spirits[D].12.If the letter to be mailed[A]was placed[B]on the writing table an hour ago,it is[C]certain being[D]there now.13.The ruling[A]party could even lose its[B]majority in the lower house of parliament,started[C]a period of prolonged struggling[D].14.The mechanisms at[A]work are manifest[B]in the tendencyfor such physical activity to[C]utilize the potential[D]harmful constituents of the stress response.15.In[A]the long run,however,this hurry to shed[B]full time staff may be more[C]harmful to industry as it is to[D]the workforce.16.See to it[A]that you include in[B]the examination paper whatever[C]questions they didn't know the answer[D]last time.17.Most newspapers,while devoting[A]the major part of its[B] space to recent events,usually manage to find room[C]on the inside pages for articles on[D]some interesting topics.18.One sign by which[A]you are making progress in an art[B] such as painting or photography is that[C]you begin to realize how much there is[D]to learn.19.The ideal listener stays both inside and outside[A]the music at the moment it is played and enjoying[B]it almost as much as[C] the composer at the moment he composes[D].20.Continued[A]exposure to stress has been linked to worsened[B]functioning of the immune system,leaving[C]a person more liable for[D]infection.Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choose the one that best completes the sentenec.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（10points）Example:The lost car of the Lees was found____in the woods off the highway.[A]vanished[B]scattered[C]abandoned[D]rejectedThe sentence should read,"The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway."Therefore,you should choose[C].Sample Answer[A][B][C][D]21.He spoke so___that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A]bluntly[B]convincingly[C]emphatically[D]determinedly22.France's____of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.[A]assumption[B]consumption[C]presumption[D]resumption23.The215-page manuscript,circulated to publishers last October,____an outburst of interest.[A]flared[B]glittered[C]sparked[D]flashed24.His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties_____.[A]came off[B]came on[C]came round[D]came down25.The system was redesigned to embrace the network andeventually____it in a profitable direction.[A]adapt[B]control[C]install[D]steer26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and____efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.[A]secure[B]extend[C]defend[D]possess27.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be____ at the manager's office.[A]declared[B]obtained[C]reclaimed[D]recognized28.When I___my senses,I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room,with Grandma bending over me.[A]woke up[B]took to[C]picked up[D]came to29.The American society is___an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources,which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A]established on[B]affiliated to[C]originated from[D]incorporated with30.I am not_____with my roommate but I have to share the room with her,because I have nowhere else to live.[A]concerned[B]compatible[C]considerate[D]complied31.At first,the____of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible,but,with painstaking efforts and at great expense,it became a reality.[A]transaction[B]transmission[C]transformation[D]transition32.When the committee_____to details,the proposed plan seemed impractical.[A]got down[B]set about[C]went off[D]came up33.____to some parts of South America is still difficult,because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.[A]Orientation[B]Access[C]Procession[D]Voyage34.Mr Smith had an unusual_____:he was first an office clerk, the a sailor,and ended up as a school teacher.[A]profession[B]occupation[C]position[D]career35.The mayor is a woman with great____and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A]intention[B]instinct[C]intgrity[D]intensity36.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest____to everyone.[A]speculation[B]attribution[C]utilization[D]proposition37.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs___it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A]renders[B]reckons[C]regards[D]relates38.To impress a future employer,one should dress neatly be____, and display in the job.[A]swift[B]instant[C]timely[D]punctual39.You don't have to install this radio in your new car,it'san_____extra.[A]excessive[B]optional[C]additional[D]arbitrary40.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't______to the traffic jam of the busy city.[A]aid[B]amount[C]add[D]attributePartⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage,there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（10points）If a farmer wishes to succeed,he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.He must store a large quantity of grain41consuming all his grain immediately.He can continue to support himself and his family42he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways:as seed for sowing,as an insurance43the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to44old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to45the soil.He may also need money to construct irrigation46and improve his farm in other ways.If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be47.He must either sell some of hi loans.Naturallyhe will try to borrow money at a low 49of interest,but loans of this kind are not50obtainable.41.[A]other than[B]as well as[C]instead of[D]more than42.[Aonly if[B]much as[C]long before[D]ever since43.[A]for[B]against[C]supplement[D]dispose44.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose45.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise46.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths[D]channels47.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained48.[A]search[B]save[C]offer[D]seek49.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate[D]ratio50.[A]genuinely[B]obviously[C]presumably[D]frequentlyPartⅢReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked[A],[B][C]and[D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（40points）Passage1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap,but,if properly handled,it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight ties larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.Its scientists were the world's best,its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.Just as inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries,such as consumer electronics,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By1987there was only one American television maker left,Zenith.（Now there is none:Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors,which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age,was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing,and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline.Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed!In1995the United States can look backon five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride."American industry has changed its structure,has gone on a diet,has learnt to be more quick-witted,"according to Richard Cavanagh,executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute,a think-tank in Washington,DC.And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as"a golden age of business management in the United States."51.The U.S.achieved its predominance after WorldWarⅡbecause_____.[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52.The loss of U.S.predominance in the world economy in the1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____.[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53.What can be inferred from the passage?[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D]A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S.economy in the1990s can be attributed to the____.[A]turning of the business cycle[B]restructuring of industry[C]improved business management[D]success in educationPassage2Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about105males born for every100females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,by babies survive almost as well as girls do.This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when the are searching for a mate.More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed.Fifty yearsago,the chance of a baby（particularly a boy baby）surviving depended on its weight.A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive, but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women has15children. Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost80%of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the pass100, 000years even the pass100year our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:they"look at an organic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we willremember a20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A]A lack of mates.[B]A fierce competition.[C]A lower survival rate.[D]A defective gene.56.What does the example of India illustrate?[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C]The middle class population is80%smaller than that of the tribes.[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____.[A]life has been improved by technological advance[B]the number of female babies has been declining[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D]Human Evolution Going NowherePassage3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion,it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at,for,however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.With regard to Futurist poetry,however,the case is rather difficult,for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right,it can hardly be classed as Literature.This,in brief,is what the Futurist says;for a noise and violence and speed.Consequently,our feelings,thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.This speeding up of life,says the Futurist,requires a new form of expression.We must speed up our literature too,if we want to interpret modern stress.We must pour out a large stream of essential words,unhampered by stops,or qualifying adjectives,of finite verbs.Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them;we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page,and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find thatthe line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:Pluff!Pluff!A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.This,though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry,can hardly be classed as Literature.All the same,no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition:that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.The whole question is really this:have we essentially changed?59.This passage is mainly____.[A]a survey of new approaches to art[B]a review of Futurist poetry[C]about merits of the Futurist movement[D]about laws and requirements of literature60.When a novel literary idea appers,people should try to_____.[A]determine its purposes[B]ignore its flaws[C]follow the new fashions[D]accept the principles61.Futurists claim that we must____.[A]increase the production of literature[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress[C]develop new modes of expression[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs62.The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____.[A]based on reasonable principles[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people[C]indicative of basic change in human nature[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage4Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values.Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs,and young people don't know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.In a recent survey,it was found that only24.5percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life,compared with67.2percent of students in the United States.In addition,far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the10other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression."Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality,ability,courage orhumanity are completely ignored,"says Toshiki Kaifu,chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee." Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild."Last year Japan experienced2,125incidents of school violence, including929assaults on teachers.Amid the outcry,many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral st year Mitsuo Setoyama,who was then education minister,raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after WorldWarⅡhad weakened the"Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese life-stvles."In Japan, "says educator Yoko Muro,"it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life,but only how much you can endure."With economic growth has come centralization;fully76percent of Japan's 119million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,two generation households.Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes （travels to and from work）and crowded living conditions,but as the old group and family values weaken,the discomfort is beginning to tell.In the past decade,the Japanese divorce rate,while still well below that of the United States,has increased by more than50percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.63.In the Westerner's eyes,the postwar Japan was_____.[A]under aimless development[B]a positive example[C]a rival to the West[D]on the decline64.According to the author,what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A]Women's participation in social activities is limited.[B]More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C]Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.[D]The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65.Which of the following is true according to the author?[A]Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder[B]Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C]More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D]Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66.The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that____.[A]the young are less tolerant of discomforts in the factthat_____.[B]the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C]the Japanese endure more than ever before[D]the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage5If ambition is to be well regarded,the rewards of ambition health, distinction,control over one's destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality,it must be widely shared;and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired,the educated not least among them.In an odd way,However,it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own the that of their parents and grandparents.There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this,a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.Summer homes,European travel,BMWs.The locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams,as easily and openly as once they could,lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more than ever seem in ample supply:the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home;the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.For such peopleand many more perhaps not so exceptional,the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive,where the are not extremely unattractive.As a result,the support for ambition as a healthy impulse,a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young,is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly underground,or made sly.Such,then,is the way things stand:on the left angry critics,on the right stupid supporters,and in the middle,as usual,the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if_____.[A]its returns well compensate for the sacrifices[B]it is rewarded with money,fame and power[C]its goals are spiritual rather than material[D]it is shared by the rich and the famous68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is____.[A]customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B]too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C]dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D]impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____.[A]they think of it as immoral[B]their pursuits are not fame or wealth[C]ambition is not closely related to material benefits[D]they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible70.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained_____.[A]secretly and vigorously[B]openly and enthusiastically[C]easily and momentarily[D]verbally and spirituallyPartⅣEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese.Your translation must be written neatly no ASWER SHEET2.（15points）Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71）Under modem conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.72）Furthermore,it。
江西财经大学《学术英语（人文）》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or____________ it is convenient to you.A．wherever B．howeverC．whichever D．whenever2、The education system in China is very different from ________ in the USA．A．one B．itC．those D．that3、As a surgeon,I cannot any mistakes;it would be dangerous for the patient.A．appreciate B．removeC．offer D．afford4、—Do you know what EU stands for, Tommy?—Sure．It stands for the European Union,______ European political and economicorganization that encourages trade and friendship between ______ countries that aremembers．A．an; the B．a; the C．the; / D．an; /5、Some people are able to multitask well—they can two or more businesses at thesame time very well.A．turn to B．relate toC．lead to D．attend to6、—Tony, do remember to send the report to the sales manager!—________.A．Made it B．Got it7、A storm buried Illinois under several inches of snow on Tuesday,______at least 100 people dead in traffic accidents.A．to leave B．leaveC．left D．leaving8、The part in the film the man broke down the door made some of the audience givea cry.A．which B．who C．where D．whom9、---I saw no more than one motorcar in the shop. Will you go and buy ?---No, I’d rather find in other shops.A．it; oneB．one; itC．it; the oneD．the one; it10、Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ as well as her.A．dance B．will danceC．had danced D．danced第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
江西财经大学现代经济管理学院《高级综合学术英语》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.A．One B．No one C．Everyone D．Someone ^ *2、They are determined to go into the dark cave, ________ my warning of danger.A．regardless of B．because ofC．apart from D．instead of3、Your red coat looks so good. It stood out clearly ______ the snow.A．across B．againstC．through D．over4、Tom looked at Jenny, with tears _______ his eyes, and shouted out the words _______ inhis heart for years.A．filling; having been hidden B．filled; hiddenC．filling; hidden D．filled; hiding5、“It might have saved me a lot of money”, Mr. Chen sighed, “________ timely from thestock market this July”.A．did I withdraw B．should I withdrawC．have I withdrawn D．had I withdrawn6、He was still full of optimism for the future despite many problems, and never once ______him get worried or upset.A．I saw B．I would seeC．did I see D．would I see7、There’s another way to survive this competition -- a way no one ever seems to tell youabout, _____ you have to learn for yourself.A．one B．it C．that D．another8、Pandas are _____ to the mountains of central China and only about 1,000 remain in the wild.A. native B．sensitive C．relate D．familiar9、The news was a terrible blow to her, but she ______the shock soon．A．got out B．got over C．got off D．got through10、Despite the obvious privacy concerns, the use of facial-recognition technology is________ at some public places.A．out of danger B．on the run C．out of sight D．on the rise第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
江西财经大学考博英语阅读题及其解析
江西财经大学考博英语阅读题及其解析The majority of successful senior managers do not closely followthe classical rational model of first clarifying goals,assessing theproblem,formulating options,estimating likelihoods of success,making a decision,and only then taking action to implement thedecision.Rather,in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers,these Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi senior executivesrely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network ofinterrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,and surprise；and to integrate action intothe process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that somepracticing managers rely heavily on intuition.In general,however,such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is.Some see itas the opposite of rationality;others view it as an excuse forcapriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of seniormanagers reveals that managers'intuition is neither of these.Rather,senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways.First,they intuitively sense when a problem exists.Second,managers relyon intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly.Thisintuition is not arbitrary or irrational,but is based on years ofpainstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills.Athird function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture,often in an Aha！experience. Fourth,some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools,and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.Finally,managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible ed in this way,intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting.Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it,they frequently act first and explain later.Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles,in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting,but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face,senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue.One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of definingthe problem,not just of implementing the solution.1.According to the text,senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to[A]speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.[B]identify a problem.[C]bring together disparate facts.[D]stipulate clear goals.2.The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line1,paragraph2？[A]They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.[B]They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.[C]They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.[D]They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3.It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X,who uses intuition to reach decisions,and Manager Y,who uses only formal decision analysis？[A]Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not.[B]Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；Manager Y does not.[C]Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem；Manager Y does not.[D]Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creatinga solution to a problem；Manager X does not.4.The text provides support for which of the following statements？[A]Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.[B]Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.[C]Managers''intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.[D]Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text？[A]An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.[B]A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.[C]The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.[D]Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.[答案与考点解析]1.「答案」D「考点解析」这是一道归纳推导题。
江西财经大学试题：英语
江西财经大学 06－07 学年第二学期part I Reading Comprehension (2’X 20 = 40’َ ) Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1 Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage: Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems-both legal and educational-for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers. Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis. But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly. One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the "throwaway" youths who have been cast off their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stewart McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education. 1. In 1987, the American homeless population was made up of _____. A) older males B) school children C) adults D) both A and B2. The author implies in the first paragraph that _____. A) the homeless population is growing rapidly B) there is serious shortage of school administrators and teachers【第 1 页 共 23 页】C) homeless children often move from place to place D) homeless children usually stay outside schools 3. The National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are _____ homeless children. A) 7000,000 B) 350,000 C) 440,000 D) 70,0004. One part of the homeless population is difficult to count. The reason might be that _____. A) homeless children live on the streets B) homeless children have no parents C) the homeless are too young to be counted as children D) the homeless children are not taken as members of their families 5. The aim of the McKinney Act is to _____. A) offer education for homeless children B) provide family shelters for homeless children C) reduce the number of homeless children D) estimate the number of homeless populationPassage 2 Questions 6-10 are based on the following passage: If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe(衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are lowered or raised, and so on. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability(耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes. When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion【第 2 页 共 23 页】designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide. 6. Designers and big stores always make money _________. A) by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry B) because they are capable of predicting new fashions C) by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing D) because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing 7. To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as _____________. A) a waste of money C) an expression of taste B) a waste of time D) an expression of creativity8. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the of clothing _________. A) cost B) appearance C) comfort D) suitability 9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women. B) The constant changes in women's clothing reflect their strength of character. C) The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society. D) Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women. 10. By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious" (Lines 1-2, Para. 4) the writer means that ______________. A) women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at B) women are better able to put up with discomfort C) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers D) men are more stable and reliable in character Passage 3 Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage: International airlines have rediscovered the business travelers, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Indeed, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would rightly argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many lines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of regular travelers. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality. Operating a major airline in the 1980s is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers.【第 3 页 共 23 页】The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets. It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies in 1982 were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares has been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink. Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists. High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive's time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive's attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure. 11. One criticism against many international airlines is that they have, in the recent past _______ . A) catered for the more wealthy people B) given preferential treatment to executive clients C) only met the needs of the regular traveler D) marketed their service with the masses in mind 12. With the intention of attracting a somewhat different type of passenger, the airlines have now begun to concentrate on ______________. A) ensuring that the facilities offered to the executive are indeed superior B) providing facilities enabling business travelers to work on board C) organizing activities in which first-class passengers can participate D) installing sleeping compartments where more privacy is ensured 13. From the passage we can infer that ____________________. A) a successful airline in the 1980s meets the needs not only of the masses but also of the wealthy passengers __________ B) it is more comfortable to sit in the back of jet planes C) business travelers dislike tourists D)only by specializing in cheap flights can airlines avoid bankruptcy. 14. In Paragraph 5. “in-flight service” means ____________. A) Service on the plane B) A new safety device C) Flights within one country D) Charge-free air service【第 4 页 共 23 页】15. The following are all used to attract passengers except _____________. A) punctuality B) sound system C) free drinks D) charge-free foodPassage 4 Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage: In only two decades Asian-American have become the fastest-growing US minority. As their children began moving up through the nation's schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was emerging. Their achievements are reflected in the nation's best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. (This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English.) They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree. Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that breeds success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education. Both explanations for academic success worry Asian-Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social isolation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship. 16. While making tremendous achievements at college, Asian-American students ___________. A) feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of English. B) are afraid that their academic successes bear a strong Asian character C) still worry about unfair treatment in society D) generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parents 17. What are the major factors that determine the success of Asian-Americans? A) A solid foundation in basic mathematics and Asian culture. B) Hard work and intelligence.【第 5 页 共 23 页】C) Hard help and a limited knowledge of English. D) Asian culture and the American educational system. 18. Few Asian-American students major in human sciences mainly because ______________. A) their English is not good enough. B) they are afraid they might meet with unfair judgment in these areas C) there is a wide difference between Asian and Western cultures D) they know little about American culture and society 19. Why do the two “explanations” (Para. 3, Line 1) worry Asian-Americans? A) They are afraid that they would again be isolated from American society in general. B) People would think that Asian students rely on their parents for success. C) Asian-Americans would be a threat to other minorities. D) American academic achievements have taken on too strong at Asian character. 20. The author's tone in this passage is _______________. A) sympathetic B) doubtful C) criticalD) objectivePart II Vocabulary and Structure (1’X 15 = 15’َ) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 21. It suddenly dawned _____ me that there was another thing that contributed ____ economic success. A) to; to B) on; to C) on ; for D) to; for their22. Many people rebelled _____ their government’s war policy in Vietnam. It was equal _____ a civil war. A) to; to B) against; as C) at; to D) against; to 23. We must see ____ it that we have enough money left to see us ____ the rest of the month. A) about; for B) to; for C) to; through D) on; through 24. The students strongly objected to _____as teenagers. A) be treated B) treating C) being treated D) treat 25. It was impolite of you to leave without saying goodbye; you really _____ have done so. A) shouldn’t B) wouldn’t C) couldn’t D) mustn’t 26. ______ the road, and you’ll come to the post office. A) If you were to turn off B) Turn off C) Turning off D) Having turned off 27. ______ two hours daily made considerable difference to my physical condition. A) Walking B) To walk C) I walked 28. You’d rather I didn’t tell her about it, ______ ?【第 6 页 共 23 页】D) Having walkedA) wouldn’t you B) didn’t you C) should you 29. _____ sufficient time, they would surely have done better. A) Being given B) To give C) GivenD) had you D) Giving30. A suggestion was made _____ the senior citizens be taken to a place of safety at once. A) and B) what C) so D) that 31. he teaches singing at a high school and is acknowledged to be ____ singer as he is a teacher. A) so good a B) as good a C) a so good D) a good 32. At night these busy streets during the day become ____ of traffic. A) vacant B) empty C) hollow 33. Not until yesterday ____ his mind. A) he changed B) he didn’t change C) he did change D) blank D) did he change34. The troops _____ the area before the civilians were allowed to return. A) secured B) ensured C) stored D) provided 35. He underwent four ____ operations in two weeks. A) excessive B) extensive C) intensive D) successive 36. The engine ____ smoke and steam. A) gives up B)gives in 37. The clock was ____ eleven when I went to bed. C) gives away D) gives off D) sounding D) retractionsA) striking B) beating C) ringing 38. There are too many ______ here to work properly. A) attractions B) contractions C) distractions39. Heat is nothing more than the energy of atoms in motion; so if you can slow down atoms, you are ______ cooling them. A) in effect B) next to C) at random D) in hand 40. That is the rate of monetary growth which is _______ avoiding inflation. A) symbolic of B) compatible with C) unintentional for D) subsequent to 41. Finding a willing sponsor for the speech contest would ______ the secretary-general. A) fall to B) call on C) resort on D) bring up 42. The government has repeatedly cut interest rates in order to ______ demand. A) sanction B) spur C) minimize D) purge. 43. Jack made the decision on the spur of the moment; he didn’t take time to ______ with his colleagues. A) collaborate B) negotiate C) consult D) confess 44. My next door neighbor saw the ____ break into my house and reported to the police immediately. A）thief B) robber C) burglar D) mugger 45. Though she is getting on in years, she still has a ____ fear of the dark. A）childlike B) childish C) naive 46. A flying stone ____ him on the head and knocked him out. A）beat B) hit C) strike【第 7 页 共 23 页】D) juvenile D) flog47.The small inland town enjoys a cool summer and a _______ winter. A) smooth B) soft C) bland 48._____, I have never seen the man you have mentioned. A) In the best of my memory B) For the best of my memory C) To the best of my memory D) At the best of memoryD) mild49. Hotel rooms must be __ by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter. A) departed B) abandoned C) vacated D) displaced 50. I can ___ you of the reliability of the news. A) assure B) prove C) ascertain D) certifyPart III Cloze (0.5’x 20 = 10’) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Bees are very small animals which fly through the air to look for flowers (51)____. When a bee (52)____ some food, it returns to the hive and dances. The dance is the way a bee (53)____ to other bees that is has found food. Bees do two kinds of (54)____ to tell other bees of their (55)____ of food. First, there is a round dance. (56)____ this dance, the bee moves in a (57)____ inside the hive. The round dance is used (58)____ the food is close by. The food must not be more than ten meters (59)____ If a bee comes back and dance a round dance, other bees know they must go out and look nearby for food. The bees also (60)____ the bee that has found the food. The smell tells them what kind of flower to (61)____. After watching the round dance and smelling the bee (62)____ has found the food, the other bees can find the other source. A second kind of dance (63)____by the bee is a tail-wagging dance. In this dance, the bee wiggles the (64)____ of its body as it moves in a (65)____ line. The tail-wagging dance is used when the food is far away. The food must be (66)____ ten meters away. The bees know from the speed of the tail-wagging dance just how far away the food source is. The line the bee dances on shows the direction that the bees (67)____ fly into find the food. In the tail-wagging dance, the bees also smell the bee (68)____ has found the food. The smell tells them what kind of flowers to look for. After watching the tail-wagging dance and smelling the bee that has found the food, the other bees know (69)____ things. They know how far (70)____ fly, what direction to fly in, and what kind of flowers to look for. 51. A) for food B) for eating C) to eat D) for eating food 52. A) looks for B) finds C) in search of D) found 53. A) communicates B) makes 54. A) dances B) ways 55. A) information B) news C) helps C) methods C) discovery【第 8 页D) supports D) means D) happiness 共 23 页】56. A) on 57. A) direction 58. A) when 59. A) away 60. A) taste 61. A) wait for 62. A) what 63. A) done 64. A) head 65. A) circle 66. A) more than 67. A) should 68. A) which 69. A) these 70. A) toB) for B) line B) as B) long B) touch B) look for B) that C) in C) round C) at C) high C) smell C) engage in C) who C) danced C) end C) around C) much C) must C) it C) three C) forD) at D) circle D) that D) from D) do D) subject to D) it D) got D) middle D) straight D) less than D) may D) what D) below D) on (5’X4=20’)B) made B) eyes B) round B) much than B) would B) that B) those B) in Part IV Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.71．警察发现他拥有的很多贵重物品都无法说明来源。
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(96)_真题-无答案
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(96)(总分150,考试时间150分钟)Structure and V ocabulary1. 1.The music aroused an______feeling of homesickness in him.A. intentionalB. intermittentC. intenseD. intrinsic2. 2.The medicine______his pain but did not cure his illness.A. activatedB. alleviatedC. mediatedD. deteriorated3. 3.In no______should you do this without help and advice from your doctor—restricting the diet of small children can be very dangerous.A. perspectivesB. restrictionsC. circumstancesD. consequences4. 4.The idea was just beginning to______in America and we knew that it was going to become the way that **panies were run.A. show upB. catch onC. open outD. get by5. 5.Without Bob's testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and______in the case will be impossible.A. verdictB. sentenceC. convictionD. acquittal6. 6.Pupils often want to sit next to their particular friend and many classroom activities involve moving about, but even relatively small alterations can make______to the **fort of pupils with sight defects.A. a differenceB. an interferenceC. a modificationD. an impact7. 7.Most of them had visited the invalid often during the past few months, marveling at his______spirit and his unfailing good temper.A. variantB. gallantC. pertinentD. solitary8. 8.Individuals may at various points in their lives experience discrimination in the allocation of resources either______of being too old or too young.A. at the riskB. to the pointC. in the caseD. on the ground9. 9.When a system is unjust to the______, abolition, not reform, is what respect for justice demands.A. endB. excessC. coreD. bottom10. 10.The custom is______in the belief that a new pregnancy—through its detrimental effect on breastfeeding—would endanger the mother's health.A. celebratedB. observedC. viewedD. presented11. 11.But, in our enthusiasm to discover our heritage, we are mining the very scenery we go to enjoy, damaging natural habitats, ______ down footpaths, disturbing wildlife, polluting the air and dropping litter.A. wearingB. treadingC. fallingD. cutting12. 12.Any person who is in______while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A. jeopardyB. custodyC. suspicionD. probation13. 13.Now, don't tell anyone else what I've just told you. Remember, it's______.A. controversialB. secretiveC. confidentialD. sacred14. 14.The Freedom of Information Act gives private citizen______government files.A. release fromB. excess ofC. redress ofD. access to15. 15.The oil price rise reactivated the boom in commodity prices and______inflation, which reached an annual rate of 15 percent in the spring of 1974.A. boostedB. harnessedC. staggeredD. embarked16. 16.Did he really expect her to smile now and______with his plans, treat all this deception as no more than an unusual diversion?A. fall inB. put offC. agree toD. stand up17. 17.The Commission found instances where police officers had lied under oath, ______evidence, neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned Aborigines.A. entailedB. fabricatedC. cleansedD. precluded18. 18.She______the words, not knowing what to say, how to put into plain speech her decision to finish their love.A. passed ontoB. stumbled overC. burst outD. dropped down19. 19.The ink has faded with time and so parts of the letter were______.A. illegibleB. indelibleC. illegitimateD. inscrutable20. 20.The bishop preached a farewell sermon to a______that filled the church to overflowing.A. processionB. reunionC. rallyD. congregationClozeAssuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect? In high-income regions, 【C1】______North America, our picture suggests that the share of traffic【C2】______supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speedtransport rises sharply. In developing countries, we【C3】______the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these【C4】______in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of low-speed mil transport will probably continue its strongly【C5】______decline.We expect that throughout the period 1990—2050, the【C6】______North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1. 1-hour travel-time【C7】______to automobile travel. The very large demand【C8】______air travel(or high-speed mil travel)that will be manifest in 2050【C9】______to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel【C10】______in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist【C11】______the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades.【C12】______important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and【C13】______low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions.【C14】______of the super-rich **mute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the【C15】______.21. 21.【C1】A. franklyB. exceptionallyC. unfortunatelyD. notably22. 22.【C2】A. volumeB. bodyC. measureD. funds23. 23.【C3】A. admireB. assureC. assertD. anticipate24. 24.【C4】A. outcomesB. trendsC. declinesD. impacts25. 25.【C5】A. inherentB. evidentC. large-scaleD. hidden26. 26.【C6】A. generalB. commonC. localD. average27. 27.【C7】A. profitB. costC. budgetD. facility28. 28.【C8】A. inB. ofC. atD. for29. 29.【C9】A. works outB. leaves outC. runs outD. puts out30. 30.【C10】A. timeB. desireC. agencyD. means31. 31.【C11】A. toB. asC. withD. over32. 32.【C12】A. Despite the factB. Whatever it isC. No matter howD. Whether or not33. 33.【C13】A. plusB. includingC. evenD. as well as34. 34.【C14】A. FewB. AllC. NoneD. Some35. 35.【C15】A. mountainB. groundC. skyD. landReading ComprehensionCan animals have a sense of humor? Sally Blanchard, publisher of a newsletter called the Pet Bird Report, thinks a pet parrot may have pulled her leg. That's one explanation for the time herAfrican gray parrot, named Bongo Marie, seemed to feign distress at the possible death of an Amazon parrot named Paco.It happened one day when Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner. As Blanchard lifted her knife, the African gray threw back its head and said, "Oh, no! Paco!" Trying not to laugh, Blanchard said, "That's not Paco," and showed Bongo Marie that the Amazon was alive and well. Mimicking a disappointed tone, Bongo Marie said, "Oh, no," and launched into a hoarse laugh.Was the parrot joking when it seemed to believe the other bird was a goner? Did Bongo **prehend Blanchard's response? Studies of African grays have shown that they can understand the meaning of words—for example, that red refers to a color, not just a particular red object. Parrots also enjoy getting a reaction out of humans, and so, whether or not Bongo Marie's crocodile tears were intentional, the episode was thoroughly satisfying from the parrot's point of view.36. 36.When Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner, Bongo Marie acted as if Paco was______.A. gone and couldn't eat the mealB. dead and being cut for the mealC. deadly ill and discarded by the hostessD. away and should be back to join them37. 37.Why did Sally Blanchard believe Bongo Marie made a joke that day?A. It showed sadness and deceived her.B. It shed crocodile tears intentionally.C. It pretended to understand her words.D. It burst into laughter after a distressed tone.38. 38.In the last sentence, the clause "the episode was...point of view" suggests that Bongo Marie was______.A. quite content with its own performanceB. believed to have a sense of humorC. trying to win its host's favorD. successful in getting a human responseDon't call him just a college professor. Internet entrepreneur, TV personality, advisor to presidents, and friend to the rich and powerful would be more accurate.Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. is better known for his activities outside the academy. This week he sold Africana. com, a website he created with a fellow Harvard University professor, to Time Warner. Terms of the deal weren't revealed, though the Wall Street Journal pegged the price at more than $ 10 million, with Gates reaping up to $ 1 million. Time Warner will incorporate the site, a portal with news and information about people of African descent, into America Online when the two merge as expected. The sense is that Gates got a very good deal. The site is a rich source of scholarship but hardly a rich source of revenue.As recently as the late 1980s Gates, who turns 50 this week, was an obscure professor, penning books on literary theory only a graduate student could love. Now he can't be avoided: He hosted a series about Africa on public television, writes occasional articles for the New Yorker, and even advises the Gore presidential campaign. He counts director Steven Spielberg, Microsoft's Bill Gates and President Clinton as friends. "They're not intimate friends," he insists.Indeed, Gates has evolved into a kind of expert on everything African-American. "Heremains the go-to person on the state of African-American affairs," said Perry Steinberg, head of American Program Bureau, a lecture agency. The 30 or so speeches Gates delivers each year are another source of income for the professor.With **es controversy. Several other black intellectuals have taken him to task for not being confrontational enough. Gates has heard it before. "Me? Critics? Oh, what a shock. " But he considers himself more a descendent of historian and educator W. E. B. Du Bois than of Malcolm X. His ultimate goal is to build the field of Afro-American studies. "Fifty years from now I want there to be at least 10 great centers of Afro-American studies," he says.If working as a consultant on Spielberg's historical film Amistad or giving Al Gore advice helps, so be it.39. 39.What can we learn about Africana. com?A. It may be financially mediocre to Time Warner.B. It is maintained by Gates for Time Warner.C. It becomes a sister website of America Online.D. It is meant for the U. S. general public.40. 40.What is true about Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. ?A. He is barely qualified to teach in Harvard.B. He is an American of African descent.C. History and education are his minors.D. President Gore is among his friends.41. 41.In Paragraph 5, the phrase "have taken him to task for..." most probably means______.A. have blamed him for a certain faultB. have made him pay for his mistakeC. have had him do an assignmentD. have trusted him with a certain job42. 42.From Gates's mention of W. E.B.Du Bois and Malcolm X we can infer that______.A. Gates is reluctant to take the latter as his ancestorB. Gates regards the former as more successful than the latterC. Gates remains a follower of the former instead of the latterD. Gates claims to have a similar career to that of the former43. 43.According to Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. himself, giving advice to Al Gore is______.A. out of some academic concernB. for some financial purposesC. in the interest of Afro-AmericansD. of some political consequence44. 44.In this passage the author expresses a tone of______.A. admirationB. sarcasmC. objectivityD. disapprovalForget football. At many high schools, the **petition is between Coke and Pepsi over exclusive "pouring rights" to sell on campus. But last week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, called a timeout: Coke's machines will now also stock water, juice, and other healthful options—even rival brands and their facades will feature school scenes and other "noncommercialgraphics" instead of Coke's vivid red logo. "The pendulum needs to swing back" on school-based marketing, said Dunn.Coke's about-face—particularly the call to end the exclusive deals that bottlers make with school **es amid rising concern over kids' health. American children are growing ever more obese and developing weight-related diseases usually found in adults. While inactivity and huge helpings factor heavily, a recent study in the Lancet fingered soda pop as a likely culprit. Communities—and legislators—are already on the case. Last year, for instance, parents in Philadelphia detailed a proposed contract with Coca-Cola that would have netted the school system $ 43 million over 10 years. And in a searing report to congress last month, the U. S. Department of Agriculture recommended that all snacks sold in schools meet federal nutrition standards(the requirements are loose enough that Snickers bars qualify).Spare change? Activists hope Coke's capitulation will help **mercialism in schools altogether. From ads on Channel One, which broadcasts current-affairs programs on classroom TV, to middle-school math texts that cite Nike and other brand-name products in their word problems, to company-sponsored scoreboards on football fields, American pupils are bombarded. But Andrew Hagelshaw, executive director of the Oakland, Calif. -based Center for Commercial-Free Public Education, views Coca-Cola's policy shift as a "partial victory". Schools sign contracts with local bottlers; the **pany can only urge them to back off. Moreover, Coke's machines will remain in place, although with healthier options.And don't expect teenagers to suddenly swear off the stuff—or school districts to give up the revenue. At Wheeler High School in Marietta, Ga., where students arrive before 7 a. m. and stay as late as 11 o'clock at night, they rely on the machines. And the $ 50,000 in annual vending revenues have enabled Principal Joe Boland to refinish the gym floor, install a new high-jump pit, and pay $ 7,000 for two buses. "If someone made an offer to me to take the machines out, I'd consider it," says Boland. "But nobody's offering me any money. "45. 45."Forget football" in Paragraph 1 suggests that football has been______.A. the **petition at high schoolsB. thought to have ill impact on studentsC. competing **mercials on campusD. brought into disrepute by Coke and Pepsi46. st week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, made an important decision to______.A. defend its red logo on a still larger scaleB. agree to negotiate with Pepsi over new termsC. modify its sales engineering at high schoolsD. give up its exclusive "pouring rights" on campus47. 47.Coca-Cola is to take new action most probably because______.A. it will sacrifice itself for children's healthB. it will not get involved in some law suitsC. it is unable to beat so many opponentsD. it is reluctant to fall behind **pany48. 48.Supporters of Coca-Cola would say that its new practice will______.A. set a moral example for **mercialism on campusB. stop **mercialism in school in the near futureC. help the business prevail over others in schoolD. gain a wide acclaim from all the students49. 49.The phrase "back off" in boldface in this context probably means______.A. to keep promise of fulfilling the contractsB. to avoid making as many deals as beforeC. to refrain from doing business with schoolsD. to yield in claims while making a contract50. 50.It is hard to move the Coke machine out of school because______.A. it always brings in money more than students' tuitionB. it is likely to cause students to become Coke addictsC. it can never be ignored as it brings funds to schoolD. it serves as the largest portion in school's businessWithin hours of appearing on television to announce the end of conscription, President Jacques Chirac moved quickly to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment. Addressing more than 500 military staff officers at the military academy in Paris yesterday, Mr. Chirac said clearly that he "expected" their loyalty in the work of rebuilding France's national defense.He understood their "legitimate concerns, questions and emotions" at the reforms, but added: "You must understand that there is not and never has been any rigid model for French defense. Military service has **pulsory for less than a century. Realism required that our armed forces should now be professional. "The president's decision to abolish conscription over a period of six years removes a rite of passage for young Frenchmen that has existed since the Revolution, even though obligatory national service only became law in 1905. As recently as 1993, an opinion poll showed that more than 60% of French people said they feared the abolition of conscription could endanger national security. A poll conducted this month, however, showed that 70% of those asked favored ending of practice, and on the streets and in offices yesterday, the response to Mr. Chirac's announcement was generally positive.Among people **pleted their 10-month period of national service in the last few years or were contemplating the prospect, there was almost universal approval, tempered by a sense that something hard to define—mixing with people from other backgrounds, a formative experience, a process that encouraged national or social cohesion—might be lost.Patrick, who spent his year in the French city of Valance assigning and collecting uniforms, and is now a computer manager, said he was in tears for his first week, and hated most of his time. He thought it was "useless" as a form of military training— "I only fired a rifle twice"—but, in retrospect, useful for learning how to get on with people and instilling patriotism.As many as 25% of those liable for military service in France somehow avoid it—the percentage is probably much greater in the more educated and higher social classes.According to Geoffroy, a 26-year-old reporter, who spent his time in the navy with the information office in central Paris, the injustice is a good reason for abolishing it. People with money or connections, he said, can get well-paid assignments abroad. "It's not fair: some do it, some don't. "Several expressed support for the idea of a new socially-oriented voluntary service that would be open to both men and women. But the idea seemed less popular among women. Atpresent, women have the option of voluntary service and a small number choose to take it.51. 51.President Chirac's decision, announced on TV, on ending conscription seemed to______.A. have got no consensus from military officersB. have curbed disagreement among the officersC. be an apology made to the military academyD. be an understanding of all military officers52. 52.In place of military service, president Chirac proposed the establishment of______.A. a new military academyB. a rite of passage for young FrenchmenC. conscription over a period of six yearsD. professional armed forces53. 53.Conscription in France has existed______.A. since 1993B. since the French RevolutionC. nearly fifty yearsD. almost a century54. 54.What worries people who have **pleted their military service about the reform?A. A lack of experience that helps build national morale.B. The injustice arising from voluntary military service.C. A shortage of recruit.D. The weakening of national defense.55. 55.When Patrick considered his time in the army "in retrospect," he______.A. regretted his waste of time serving in the armyB. corrected his previous view on military serviceC. still felt sorrow for those under a forced serviceD. revealed his failure to get on with people56. 56.We learn from the passage that French women______.A. are greeting the reform with enthusiasmB. are not eligible to serve in the armyC. do not **pulsory military serviceD. hate to be exempted from military service57. 57.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. Fairness in Conscription Is DesirableB. Chirac's Administration Meets ObjectionsC. Soul of France Is to Be Kept with ArmsD. Few French Regret the Farewell to ArmsMost people who develop Lyme disease, a tick-born infection that's endemic in parts of the Northeast and Midwest, are easily cured by taking an antibiotic like doxycycline for a couple of weeks. But for years a debate has raged over what to do about patients whose symptoms(fatigue, mental confusion, joint pain)never seem to clear up. One small but vocal group of doctors and patient advocates believes that Lyme's corkscrew-shaped spirochetes have tunneled deep into their victims' bodies and can be eradicated only with intensive antibiotic treatment over many months. Another group believes, just as adamantly, that the bacteria are long gone, making further treatment with powerful antibiotics—which can lead to potentially fatal infections or bloodclots—positively dangerous.**es word of two studies in the New England Journal of Medicine that show that long-term antibiotic treatment is no better than a placebo for folks with chronic Lyme disease. Originally scheduled for publication in July, the research is part of a group of findings made public last week—just in time for the peak Lyme months of June and July. If confirmed by another major study that's looking at chronic Lyme and antibiotics from a slightly different perspective, the results would seem to settle the question once and for all.Researchers from Boston, New Haven, Conn., and V alhalla, N. Y., followed 129 patients who had previously been treated for well-documented cases of Lyme disease. Sixty-four were given antibiotics directly into their veins for a month, followed by two months of oral antibiotics. The others received dummy medications. A third of the chronic Lyme patients got better while taking the antibiotics. But so did a third of those on the placebo. Indeed, the results were so similar that a monitoring board decided to cut the trials short rather than add more subjects to the test groups.Unfortunately, the debate over chronic Lyme has become so heated that no one expects the controversy to go away. But both sides may **fort in the other findings that were released by the New England Journal last week. After studying 482 subjects bitten by deer ticks in a part of New York with a lot of Lyme disease, researchers concluded that a singly 200-mg dose of doxycycline dramatically cut the risk of contracting the disease. That good news is tempered somewhat by the fact that 80% of patients who develop the infection don't remember ever being bitten by a tick.(The bugs inject an anesthetic into the skin to mask the pain and in their nymph stage are so small—about the size of a poppy seed—that they are easily overlooked.)There's still plenty you can do to protect yourself in a Lyme-infested neighborhood: tuck your pants in your socks, spray DEET on your clothing, check yourself and your kids for ticks. And if you develop a spreading red rash—particularly if it's accompanied by joint pain, chills or confusion—make sure you see a doctor right away. The trick, as always, is to be vigilant without overreacting.58. 58.According to the passage, Lyme disease______.A. is one of the contagious diseasesB. is spread by a kind of tiny bugsC. causes infection all over the bodyD. develops against any painkillers59. 59.With respect to treating chronic Lyme, ______.A. even the patients doubt the antibiotic treatmentB. doxycycline has been regarded as the most effectiveC. doctors disagree as to the effect of strong antibioticsD. moderate antibiotics are better than intensive ones60. 60.The word "adamantly"(in boldface)is closest in meaning to______.A. unprejudicedlyB. undoubtedlyC. understandablyD. unyieldingly61. 61.As the contest shows, a placebo is______.A. a dummy medicationB. a chronic Lyme patientC. one peak Lyme monthD. better than an antibiotic62. 62.How is the experiment with 129 patients related to the argument stated in Paragraph 2?A. It aims to look at the problem from a different perspective.B. The experiment result shows the contrary to the argument.C. The experiment result gives a support to the argument.D. It aims to provide an alternative solution to the problem.63. 63.The good news to both sides of the debate is that______.A. an infected majority didn't sense any tick bitingB. one dose of antibiotics may prevent the infectionC. doxycycline is strong enough to end the infectionD. antibiotics live up to their reputation to cure Lyme64. 64.What useful information can be drawn from the passage by a chronic Lyme patient?A. We are still not out of the woods in curing the disease.B. They should take cautions against being further infection.C. We have both traditional and new ways to treat the disease.D. They should keep alert while traveling in a Lyme-infected area.65. 65.In what kind of style is the passage written?A. Narrative.B. Argumentative.C. Informative.D. Descriptive.English-Chinese TranslationAs Apple prepares to report what(analysts project)may be **pany's first year-over-year quarterly earnings decline in a decade on Tuesday, it is also grappling with jittery investors and a recent share-price plunge that has wiped about $ 280 billion off its market capitalization since its stock reached a high of $ 702. 10 last September.【T1】Much of the investor nervousness is rooted in how Wall Street is treating and valuing the Cupertino, Calif. , company as a traditional hardware maker. One camp of analysts and some investors said there is strong evidence that Apple should be viewed in a different light: as a software-hardware hybrid.The distinction matters. If it continues to be seen as a hardware business, Apple's streak—driven by products like the iPhone and iPad—could run out quickly as smartphones and tablets **moditized and consumer tastes change. 【T2】It is a lesson learned by companies like BlackBerry-maker Research In Motion Ltd. , whose tech hardware was quickly eclipsed by products from Apple itself.If Apple is classified as a software-hardware hybrid, **pany could be valued more like Internet and software makers that have recurring revenue streams and that often trade at higher price-to-earnings ratios than hardware firms."The market views Apple as a consumer **pany tied to product cycles that drive volatile revenue and earnings streams," says Morgan Stanley analyst Katy Huber-ty. 【T3】But that view isn't complete, she says, since "Apple customers buy into a brand that offers ease of use similar to。
2020年考博英语阅读理解150篇详解
目 录Unit 1 家庭情感类Passage 1 工作与家庭Passage 2 给孩子以关心Passage 3 男女情感差异Passage 4 婚姻形式Passage 5 表达情感Passage 6 小孩撒谎Passage 7 家庭问题Passage 8 墨西哥族美国人家庭的生活方式Unit 2 教育文化类Passage 1 实验室的“老虎”Passage 2 文化遗产Passage 3 音乐艺术Passage 4 有关科学家的社会问题Passage 5 有关美国的教育问题Passage 6 会遗忘Passage 7 悲剧文化Passage 8 《大学物理》教材介绍Passage 9 美国友谊观Passage 10 智力情感Passage 11 基础科学和应用科学的关系Passage 12 20世纪学者歪曲分析文学作品Passage 13 数 学Passage 14 谈姓名Passage 15 远程学习Passage 16 远程教育Passage 17 语 言Passage 18 科学与艺术Passage 19 科技术语Passage 20 教 师Unit 3 科技创新类Passage 1 电脑技术Passage 2 在家中上班Passage 3 精确制导导弹的弊端Passage 4 人们应该摆正技术的位置Passage 5 人类对宇宙的认识Passage 6 新型汽车安全系统Passage 7 物理实验Passage 8 网络技术Passage 9 医学伦理道德Passage 10 彗 星Passage 11 遥感技术在地址上的功能Passage 12 网上广告Unit 4 历史地理类Passage 1 泰坦尼克号与珍珠港Passage 2 万圣节的起源及传说Passage 3 地图绘制Passage 4 考古学Passage 5 美国黑人现代意识源流Passage 6 智利的旅游业Passage 7 真正的蝎子王Passage 8 东罗马帝国的复兴Unit 5 社会经济类Passage 1 从玩扑克看生意的本质Passage 2 电子工业的发展Passage 3 学术研究的商业价值Passage 4 DVD市场Passage 5 保证金率Passage 6 商业计划Passage 7 民族企业Passage 8 申请“进口救济”会影响企业Passage 9 经济学的作用Passage 10 美国总统经济计划Passage 11 耐克不再“酷”Passage 12 商品销售Passage 13 为人写简历Passage 14 经济学Passage 15 大企业是如何集资Passage 16 慈善机构Passage 17 银行改革Unit 6 社会问题类Passage 1 美国的革命Passage 2 交通法则与交通事故Passage 3 恐怖主义Passage 4 医生与病人的关系Passage 5 加强合作Passage 6 科学家的任务Passage 7 大学生自杀现象Passage 8 社会趣闻Passage 9 电脑中的伦理问题Passage 10 当过CEO的政府官员政绩不佳Passage 11 礼貌行为Passage 12 人工受精Passage 13 偶像崇拜Passage 14 社会的变化与信息的传播Passage 15 诸多媒体大战Passage 16 人体器官移植Passage 17 迁居的影响Unit 7 社会政治类Passage 1 钢琴外交Passage 2 巴勒斯坦的改革Passage 3 布什捐赠圣诞树Passage 4 刑 法Passage 5 印第安人移民Passage 6 社会阶层Passage 7 言论自由Unit 8 生态环境类Passage 1 绿色和平组织Passage 2 温室效应Passage 3 干 旱Passage 4 环境问题Passage 5 野生动物保护Passage 6 想象中的生命Unit 9 医学保健类Passage 1 血液库存问题Passage 2 医疗技术与人的寿命Passage 3 医疗器械Passage 4 药物管理Passage 5 脂肪对身体的影响Passage 6 惊慌症及其影响Passage 7 空气传播污染Passage 8 美容整形Passage 9 流行性感冒的类别Passage 10 肺 癌Passage 11 心理与健康Passage 12 小孩患脑瘤Passage 13 糖尿病Passage 14 在假期保持健康Passage 15 核磁共振仪Passage 16 焦虑症Passage 17 恐惧症Passage 18 多功能超级药丸Passage 19 动物调节体温不同方式Passage 20 滥用动物做实验Passage 21 食品包装的欺骗问题Passage 22 医助自杀Unit 10 艺术新闻类Passage 1 解读新闻Passage 2 英国的戏剧Passage 3 美国民歌Passage 4 演说时音量的正确使用Passage 5 欧洲摇滚乐Passage 6 过激的歌曲Passage 7 哈里波特的流行Passage 8 电影《辛德勒的名单》Passage 9 电视节目Unit 11 宗教信仰类Passage 1 天主教会Passage 2 日 记Passage 3 引人注目的重要性Passage 4 战胜挫折Passage 5 自我和宇宙之间的有机联系Unit 12 其他类Passage 1 风雪夜Passage 2 工作和快乐Passage 3 面 试Passage 4 社会观点Passage 5 财产保险Passage 6 人类学Passage 7 人物传记Passage 8 人物传记的视角Passage 9 社会与语言问题Passage 10 爬 山Passage 11 笑的功能Passage 12 学习规律Passage 13 领导才能Passage 14 媒体对时事对的影响Passage 15 旅行见闻Passage 16 作品介绍Passage 17 有效使用幽默Passage 18 工作机械化Passage 19 谋杀的记叙文Unit 1 家庭情感类Passage 1 工作与家庭The list of “should” is very long. Y ou should give more than 100 per cent at work. Y ou should never stop learning and developing. Y ou should read and keep up with events. Y ou should spend time with your family and take care of your myriad of daily chores.At work, it’s not enough to be qualified for your job. Y ou have to have excellent people skills and problem-solving abilities. Y our IQ had better be high, and you should welcome anything and everything new. Commitment and enthusiasm are the bottom line.At home, it’s not enough to have money in the bank. There are children to raise, hobbies to encourage and daily routines to organize. Contacts between home and the day care center or school are another priority. Y ou have to keep up your friendships and your family relationships. Y ou have to have empathy for everyone around you. Y ou have to have time.How do we catch a guilty conscience? Finns in Business asked family counselor Hannu Kuukka from the Helsinki parish services. “A bad conscience comes from conflicting pressures, from the feeling that you just can’t manage everything that you consider important. Frustration and stress are the result.”“Our internalized roles—the role models that we subconsciously follow—also contribute to the problem. Throughout our lives, we carry with us the part we played in our own family. This can be a source of encouragement and support, or the seeds of a bad conscience.”What can we do for a bad conscience? “Our failures tend to become exaggerated in our minds, especially if someone close to us verbalizes them. Y ou have to set priority. Couples should decide together if one of them is going to concentrate on work and the other on family. The couple is the foundation of the home, so they have to find common ground,” comments Hannu Kuukka.At work, you spend your time with adults, and you can excel in your own field. Are you more comfortable at work than at home? This is a common feeling—and another source of guilt. “It is not unusual for relationships at work to be easier and more straightforward than those at home. The everyday life of a family with children can be exhausting. And today, with growing competition and more friction at work, even these relationships have become more difficult,” says Kuukka.1．The purpose of the first paragraph is to ______.A. itemize what people have to accomplish in their livesB. brief a real but tough situation for couples to cope withC. explain why some people long for a break of routineD. show how a full-time job goes against a family life2．According to the author, the decisive factor for one to perform well at work is ______.A. responsibility and devotionB. right qualificationsC. originality and open-mindednessD. an IQ at least above 1303．What seems always problematic for one’s family life is that ______.A. money never seems to be enoughB. friendships and family relationships are hard to keep upC. one simply can’t afford the timeD. it’s impossible to share feelings with everyone around4．According to the passage, the constant cause of a bad conscience lies in the fact that ______.A. one attempts to achieve a good balance between work and family-lifeB. people have unknowingly played stereotyped sex roles in familyC. our minds are beset with exaggerated information about family problemsD. no couple is capable of handling more than one thing at a time5．What does the underlined pronoun ‘them’ (line 19) refer to in the context?A. MindsB. ParentsC. FailuresD. Priorities6．As suggested by Kuukka, the right way to approach the problem is to ______.A. exchange role models between the couple in the same boatB. look at the same problem from a different perspectiveC. turn a deaf ear to whatever other people would sayD. get the couple’s priorities right to ensure a rewarding life7．From the last paragraph, it can be safely inferred that ______.A. work relationships are as difficult to keep up as family relationshipsB. working parents usually feel more comfortable at work than at homeC. growing competition has affected the otherwise good terms with co-workersD. the best moment of the day is when you might have escaped from family chores【答案与解析】1．B 第一段首句“the list of ‘should’ is very long.”意思为：生活中“应该做的事”很多。
2020年全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案
年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题AERONEartI ListeningComprehension(30%)SectionAConversationOne1.A.Therightmedicationforthewoman. B.Theadvantageofregularmedication.C.ThepopularmedicationontheInternet.D.Thebestmedicationforhighbloodpressure.2.A.Toteachherhowioproperlyusedrugs. B.Toprescribehernewly-developeddrugs.C.Toaddadrugtothemedicationsheison.D.Toincreasethedosageofhermedication.3.A.Toprescribetwomedicationforher.B.ToallowhertobuymedicineontheInternet.C.Toadviseonthemedicineherfriendisusing.D.Toprovidesomemedicaladvicetoherfriend.ConversationTwo4.A.Japan. B.France. C.TheUK. D.SouthKorea.5.A.Lowobesityrates. B.Inadequatehealthresources.C.Advancedmedicaltechnology.D.Highlevelsofalcoholconsumption.6.A.Obesityratesindifferentcountries. B.Dietarypatternsindifferentcountries.C.Lifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.D.Alcoholconsumptionindifferentcountries.ConversationThree7.A.Hehadhadasuccessfulcareer. B.Hehadhadahappyfamily.C.Hehadshownmorelove.D.Hehadbeenwealthier.8.A.Intheirlate20s. B.Intheirmid-30s. C.Intheirmid-40s. D.Intheirlate50s.9.A.Theywerecarefree. B.Theywerepeaceful.C.Theywererelaxing.D.Theywerefulfilling.ConversationFour10.A.Theirpositiveeffects. B.Theirconstantmutation.C.Difficultyinidentifyingthem.D.Possibilityofinheritingthem.11.A.Youmaysufferfrommentalillnesses.B.Youmaybealonewithoutfeelingbad.C.Youmayhavehighlevelsofbloodpressure.D.Youmaydevelopgreatabilitytotoleratefailure.12.A.Becauseheisalwayscheerful. B.Becausehelikesoutdooractivities.C.Becausehefeltbadattheweekend.D.Becausehewasnotathomelastweek.ConversationFive13.A.Globaltrends. testadvances.C.Existingproblems.D.Technicalsolutions14.A.Itiscostly. B.Itisinefficient.C.Itsimplifiestasks.D.Itfacilitatestheirwork.15.A.Theyareunsafe. B.Theyareuser-friendly.C.Theyarebriefandconcise.D.Theyarelengthyandincomprehensible.PassageOne16.A.Howshechangedhercareer. B.Whatittakestobeavolleyballcoach.C.Howshewalkedoutofhercomfortzone.D.Whatisthebestroutetobeingadoctor.17.A.Becauseofahighsalary. B.Becauseofhermedicaleducation.C.Becauseofherfamilybackground.D.Becauseofherinterestinphysicaltherapy.18.A.AnMDdegree. B.Moremedicalknowledge.C.Eightyearsofmedicaleducation.D.Experiencewithavolleyballteam.PassageTwo19.A.MedicalinsuranceintheU.S. B.HealthcaresystemintheU.S.C.TelemedicineservicesintheU.S.D.HealthservicesfortheelderlyintheU.S.20.A.Becausetheythinkthatthedoctoronlineisunfriendly.B.Becausetheydonothavetrustinonlinemedicalservices.C.Becausetheyarenotaccessibletoonlinemedicalservices.D.Becausetheydonotknowmuchaboutcomputeroperation.21.A.Becauseitcanprovidequalityservices.B.Becauseitcanproviderichinformation.C.Becauseitcanofferpersonalizedservices.D.Becauseitcancutdownonhealthcarecost.PassageThree22.A.Theyaretoocostly.B.Theyarenotembracedbyworkers.C.Theymaynotproducethedesiredbenefits.D.Theymaydemandextraeffortsfromcompanies.23.A.Thewellnessprogrammightnotbeasbeneficialasexpected.B.Thewellnessprogramhelpedtoreducethehealthcarecosts.C.Thewellnessprogramsignificantlyimprovedtheworkers’health.D.Thewellnessprogramdidnotsignificantlychangetheworkers’behaviors.24.A.Todevelopmoreeffectivewellnessprograms.B.Tofindoutthelong-termeffectsofwellnessprograms.C.Toencouragemoreworkerstoenrollinwellnessprograms.D.Toconfirmtheemployers’expectationsforwellnessprograms.Four25.A.Hefelloffstairs. B.Healmostlosthislife.C.Hehadhisspineandarminjured.D.Hereceivedtwooperations.26.A.Itreducessurgeryhours. B.Itstabilizesbonefractures.C.Itreplacesrodsandscrews.D.Ithelpsbonegrowinashorttime.27.A.ItwaseffectiveinEllis’scase. B.Itcannotbewidelyappliedyet.C.Itonlyworksonseriousinjuries.D.Itwasusedforthefirsttime.Fiv28.A.Itdecreasestheriskofdiabetes. B.Itdisruptstheirdigestivesystem.C.Itimpactstheirmetabolism.D.Itdecreasestheriskofobesity.29.A.Itmaybeharmful. B.Itmaybeaddictive.C.Itmayimprovehealth.D.Itmaycauseinsomnia.30.A.Sleeplossandhealth. B.Recoverysleepandhealth.C.Weekdaysleepschedules.D.Weekendsleepschedules.rtⅡVocbulry(10%)SctionADirction:Inthissectionallthesentencesareincomplete.FourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C, andDaregivenbeneatheachsentence.Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence, andthenmarktheletterofyourchoiceonthe ANSWERSHEET.31.If there is a good drug available,it is everyone’s responsibility to make sure patients can ________it.A.affordB.demandC.tolerateD.supply32.Cancercellshideamonghealthycellstoconcealtheir_______proteins.A.abundantB.malignantC.equivalentD.prevalent33.Ifthethoughtofleavinghomewithoutyourmobilephonecausesyouto_______coldsweat, youcouldbesufferingfromnomophobia:thefearofhavingnomobilephone.A.breakintoB.breakoutC.breakthroughD.breakup34.Measles virus can remain in the air for at least a couple of hours,infecting anyone who is susceptible,and_______causingdeadlyoutbreaks.A.particularlyB.positivelyC.potentiallyD.proficiently35.Thereareilleffectsonthehealthofolderpeoplewhentheiractivitiesarerestricted;_______, interventionthatincreasestherangeoftheiractivitiespromotestheirhealth.A.inadditionB.incontrastC.inturnD.inshort36.Heavymetalscanimpaircognitivedevelopmentinchildren,whoareespeciallyatriskbecause oftheirsizeand_______toabsorbmoreofthesesubstancesthanadultsdo.A.characterB.resistanceC.temperD.tendency37.Thedoctorsaidhisnewstrategyhadstartedto_______,predictingthatthepatient’scondition wouldimproveinthecomingmonths.A.payoffB.pickupC.showupD.sortout38.Blocked vessels have several_______symptoms:chest pain,shortness of breath,and an abnormalcardiacstresstest.A.classicB.conciseC.originalD.obscure39.Stemcellsare_______cellswiththeabilitytodivideanddevelopintomanyotherkindsofcells.A.infertileB.juvenileC.mobileD.versatile40.Beforeadrugisapprovedandlaunchedintothemarket,asignificantamountoftimeandmoney isspentinanefforttoselectthemosteffectiveonefromseveraldrug_______.A.adversariesB.candidatesD.volunteersC.manufacturersBDrs:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasawordorphraseunderlined.Therearefourwords orphrasesbeneatheachsentence.Choosetheonethatwouldbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginal sentenceifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart,andthenmarktheletterofyourchoiceonthe ANWERHEET.41.Hesaysthatconstantthirstisanundesirableeffectofchemotherapyforwhichnoremedyexists inWesternmedicalpractice,butcertainherbsdoprovidereliefforsuchpatients.A.protectionB.provisionC.theoryD.therapy42.Asanurse,Dorothyisanaturalhealerwhoisendowedwithcompassionandhasavarietyof modalitiestobenefitherpatientsofallages.A.braveryB.expertiseC.proficiencyD.sympathy43.Many problems that we face,such as depression,compulsive and addictive behaviors,and anxiety,resultfromhumaninherentdesiretoseekpleasure.A.consecutiveB.excessiveC.obsessiveD.possessive44.Virtually,everycellinthebodycontainsitsowncircadianclockmachinery.A.PracticallyB.NaturallyC.SuperficiallyD.Thoroughly45.The eradication of smallpox inspired the world to eradicate other infectious diseases.This optimismwasinvain,asinfectiousdiseasesarestillabigprobleminsomepartsoftheworld.A.callousB.deliberateC.futileD.negligent46.Thecommentsbythefamilymemberinvitedaseriesofresponsesfollowingtheunsuccessful rescueattemptsfortheinjuredintheemergencyroom.A.enquiredB.objectedC.promptedD.suppressed47.Fluoridedeterstoothdecaybyreducingthegrowthofbacteriathatdestroytoothenamel.A.inhibitsB.loosensC.hastensD.triggers48.This newly established fund has a range of medical programs undertaken by universities, industriallabs,oruniversity-industrycollaborativeprojects.A.cooperativeB.innovativeC.lucrativeD.representative49.Toreducethechanceofsuffocation,pillowsshouldnotbeplacedinthecradleofthekid.A.breathingB.chokingC.sweatingD.swallowing50.The community health nurse often notes the devastating effects on family members as the patient’schronicillnesstakesitscourse.A.developsgraduallyB.deterioratessuddenlyC.recoversultimatelyD.recursfrequentlyDirections:Inthispartthereisapassagewithtennumberedblanks,foreachofwhichfourchoices markedA,B,C,andDarelistedcorrespondingly.Choosethebestanswer,andthenmarktheletter ofyourchoiceonthe ANSWERSHEET.Scientists have long known a fairly51.A.as B.by C.for D.to reliable way to extend the life span in lab52.A.WhatB.Whetheranimals:reducetheamountofcaloriestheyeatC.Whateverby10to40percent.D.WhicheverThis strategy,known51caloric53.A.injectionB.invasionrestriction,hasbeenshowntoincreasethelifeC.intake spanofvariousorganismsandreducetheirrateofcancerandotherage-relatedailments.52 D.input itcandothesameinpeoplehasbeenanopen54.A.rankedB.rangedquestion.ButanintriguingnewstudysuggestsC.fluctuatedthat in young and middle-aged adults,D.measuredchronically restricting calorie53can55.A.enhanceaffecttheirhealth.B.entertainC.preserveIn this study,researchers looked at143D.practice healthymenandwomenwho54inage56.A.aswellasfrom21to50.Theywereinstructedto55B.assoonas caloricrestrictionfortwoyears.TheycouldeatC.solongas thefoodstheywanted56theycutbackD.sofarason the total amount of food that they ate toreduce the calories they consumed by2557.A.attestB.affirmpercent.Manydidnot57thatgoal.ButC.assert thegroupsawmanyoftheirmetabolichealthD.achievemarkersimprove58theywerealreadyin58.A.asifthenormalrange.B.sothatC.incaseSome of the benefits in the calorie-D.eventhoughrestricted group59from impressiveweightloss,onaverageabout16poundsduring59.A.tracedB.evolvedthestudyperiod.ButtheextenttowhichtheirC.stemmedmetabolic health got better was greater thanD.stimulated expectedfromweightlossalone,60thatcaloric restriction might have some unique60.A.suggestB.suggests biologicaleffectsondiseasepathways.C.suggestedD.suggestingIVRedingCompehensionDiecions:Inthisparttherearesixpassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreach questiontherearefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestanswer,andthen marktheletterofyourchoiceonthe ANSWERSHEET.ssgeOneGianlucaVialli,managerofChelseaFootballClub,expresseditexplicitlyenough:“Thefoot isthetoolofthetradeofthefootballer.”Youmightthereforeexpectfootballerstotakeparticularly goodcareoftheirfeet.ButresultspresentedatarecentconferenceofdermatologistsinAmsterdam suggestotherwise.Professionalfootballersseemaslikelytosufferfromfungalinfectionsofthe footasotherpeople.Onestudy,called,lookedat76,475pairsoffeetbelongingtopeoplefrom18 Europeancountries.Itfoundthat26%ofthesamplehad,betterknownasathlete’sfoot, while30%had,aninfectionthatcausestoenailstobecomethickened,discolored anddistorted.TheresultsshowedthatEastEuropeancountrieshaveconsistentlyhigherratesof infection.Onaverage,30%ofBritons,GermansandBelgianshadsomeformoffungalinfection, comparedwith85%ofRussians,andlessthan10%ofSpaniards.Furthermore,adultsundertheageof40whotookregularexercisehada40%greaterriskof fungalinfectionthanthosewhodidnot.Leisurecentersandswimmingpoolswereidentifiedaspotential health hazards to the very people who visit them to stay munal showers and changingroomsareperfectbreeding—groundsforthehighlyinfectiousfungithatspreadfootand nailinfection:upto1,500fungally-infectedskinfragmentspersquaremetershavebeenfoundinsome leisure facilities.Sweaty socks and warm,damp sports shoes provide equally hospitable environments.All of which goes some way to explaining the footballers.No doubt all that time spent in showers and changing-rooms is partly responsible.But Dr.Caputo,a dermatologist,also found anotherfactor:footballersareoftenreluctant,forsuperstitiousreasons,todiscardtheiroldboots. Hefoundthatplayersgetattachedtoparticularboots;iftheyscoreagoalwithone,theywillwear itagainandagain.Theriskofathlete’sfootmaybeasmallpricetopayforagoal.61.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Footballersdonotcarefortheirfeetasexpected.B.Footballers’feetaremoresensitivetofungalinfections.C.Footballersusuallycarefortheirfeetmorethanotherpeople.D.Footballers’feetaremorevulnerablethanthoseofotherpeople.62.Accordingtothepassage,“AchillesProject”wasdesignedto______.A.serveasaglobalscreeningforfootinfectionsB.collectasampleofinfectedathletesforresearchC.lookintotheconditionsoffeetinEuropeancountriesD.findmeasuresforreducinghighratesoffootinfections63.Fromthedescriptionof,wearesurethat__________.A.TineapedisaffectsathletesmorethanOnychomycosisB.TineapedisandOnychomycosisarebothfungalinfectionsC.TineapedisisamoreseriousinfectionthanOnychomycosisD.Tineapedisismoresensitivetoanti-fungaldrugsthanOnychomycosis64.Whichofthefollowingcanbesafelyinferredconcerningtheleisurecentersandswimmingpools?A.Theycouldhelppeopleinonewayandharmtheminanother.B.Theydonotspreadinfectionsasmuchasotherpublicplaces.C.Theydonotperformadequatecheck-upsfortheirvisitors.D.Theyareunlikelytospreadfungalinfection.65.WhatdidDr.Caputofindaboutfootballers?A.Theyplaytoomuchtokeeptheirfeetclean.B.Theyusuallydonotthrowawaycomfortableboots.C.Theybelievesomeshoesmaybringthemgoodluck.D.Theyoftensticktohigh-pricedshoesforscoringgoals.Passage TwoAdecadeago,mostpatientswereinformedoverthephoneorinpersonbythedoctors.Butin thepastfewyears,hospitalsandmedicalpracticeshaveurgedpatientstosignupforportals,which allowthemrapid,btestsarenowreleaseddirectlyto patients.Thepushforportalshasbeenfueledbyseveralfactors:thewidespreadembraceoftechnology, incentivepaymentstomedicalpracticesandhospitalsthatwerepartof2009federallegislationto encourage“meaningfuluse”ofelectronicrecords,anda2014federalrulegivingpatientsdirect accesstotheirresults.Policymakershavelongregardedelectronicmedicalrecordsasawaytofoster patientengagementandimprovepatientsafety.Areportalsdeliveringontheirpromisetoengagepatients?Oraretheseresultstoooftenasource of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because informationisprovidedwithoutadequate-orsometimesany-guidance?Althoughwhatpatientsseeonlineandhowquicklytheyseeitdiffers—sometimesevenwithin thesamehospitalsystem-mostportalscontainlabtests,imagingstudies,pathologyreportsandless frequently,doctors’notes.Itisnotuncommonforatestresulttobepostedbeforethedoctorhasseenit.Katharine Treadway,an internist,knows what it’s like to obtain shocking news from an electronicmedicalrecord.Theexperience,shesaid,hasinfluencedthewayshepractices.Morethanadecadeago-longbeforemostpatientshadportals-Treadway,withherhusband’s permission,pulleduptheresultsofhisMRIscanonahospitalcomputerwhilewaitingtoseethe specialisttreatinghissudden,unbearablearmpain.“Itshowedamassivetumorandwidespreadmetastaticdisease,”Treadwayrecalled.Shenever suspectedthather59-year-oldhusbandhadcancer,letaloneahighlyaggressiveandusuallyfatal formofadvancedlymphoma.Treadway,whosehusbandhasbeencancer-freeformorethanadecade,saidsheremembered intentlycheckingthenameanddateofbirth,certainshehadthewrongpatient,thenrebootingthecomputerseveraltimes“likeIwasgoingtogetadifferentanswer.”66.Whatisthetrendmentionedatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Morelabtestsareorderedthroughportals.B.Morehospitalsproviderapid,round-the-clockservices.C.Moremedicalconsultationsareconductedoverthephone.D.Morepatientsareencouragedtouseportalsfortheirmedicalinformation.67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacontributingfactorfortheincreasinguseof portals?A.Popularacceptanceoftechnology.B.Lowerpaymentsforthepatientstoobtaintheirresults.C.Financialbenefitsforhospitaluseofelectronicrecords.D.Legalrequirementtoprovidepatientswithdirectaccesstotheirresults.68.Whatconcernstheauthorinrespecttotheincreasinguseofportals?A.Unsafeaccesstopatients’personalinformation.B.Inadequateguidanceforthepatientstouseportals.C.Improperdeliveryofthemedicalresultstothepatients.D.Differentcontentsprovidedtothepatientsbydifferentsystems.69.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutDr.Treadway’shusband?A.Hewasdepressedbythediagnosisofhisdisease.B.Hewasscreenedforahighlyaggressiveandfatalcancer.C.HewasmismatchedwiththeelectronicrecordsofhisMRIscan.D.HewasinformedoftheresultsofhisMRIscanviahospitalportals.70.TheauthorcitesKatharineTreadway’sexperienceto_______.A.explainthehiddenriskofportalsbeingillegallyaccessedB.exemplifythepotentialriskofmisinformingpatientsthroughportalsC.illustratetheprogressinthewayinformationisdeliveredtothepatientsD.showtheadvantagesofportalsoverphoneinreleasingpatients’informationPassage ThreeInplanningforthehealthneedsoftheseimmigrantfamilies,FrancescaWeissman,ahealthcare practitioner,askedtwoquestions:(1)“Whatarethemosturgentneedsofthispopulation?”and(2)“Howcanthispopulationbeinducedtousethehealthservicesthatareavailable?”Insomerespects, thesecondquestionismoreimportantbecausepersuadingimmigrantfamiliestoutilizeservicesis abasicproblem.Buildingtrustisaprimarygoal.Employingcaregiverswhocanspeaktheclients’language willdomuchtolowerethnicbarriersandreducesuspiciononthepartofthepotentialclients.Many traditionalfamiliesareslowtodeveloppersonalrelationships,andthisholdstrueintheinteractions withcaregivers.Unlessthefamiliescancommunicatewithcaregivers,theycannotbegintotrust them.Withouttrust,theyarenotlikelytoseekorevenacceptassistance.Communicationisatwo-waychannel.Caregivers,Francescarealized,haveanobligationto become acquainted with the culture of the growing ethnic populations,and of their diverse subgroups.Bybecominginformedandbyconveyingrespect,caregiverscanmakeinteractionswith immigrantfamilieslessfrighteningandmoreproductive.Awarenessoftheeconomicclimateandother conditions in the place of origin helps caregivers recognize that the suspiciousness of immigrantfamiliestowardsofficials.Afamilyapproachtohealthcareisrecommendedforimmigrantgroups.Ifthewholefamily canbeinvolvedinthehealthcareprogram,theindividualmembersarelikelytobelessfearful.Family-orientedprogramsmaybeginwithpracticaladviceabouttheneighborhood:locationsof grocerystores,wheretoapplyforfoodstamps,andhowtolookforwork.Anyprogramsdeveloped forimmigrantfamiliesmustbeofferedatconvenienttimesandplacesbecausetheymaynothave theknowledgeorresourcestotravelfreelyintheirnewcommunity.71.Thepassagebeginsbyimplyingthatimmigrantfamiliesmaynot_________.A.beawareoftheirownhealthneedsB.bewillingtousetheavailableservicesC.beentitledtothebasichealthcareservicesD.beabletoaffordservicesotherthanthemostbasic72.Itisdifficulttobuildtrustbetweenimmigrantclientsandcaregiversbecause_________.A.caregivershavelittleoverseasworkingexperienceB.caregiversmaynotspeaktheclients’nativelanguageC.caregivershaveastrongsenseofculturalsuperiorityD.caregiversareaversetotheclients’ethnicbackground73.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Understandingdifferentculturesisnecessaryinofferinggoodservices.ckofinformationandrespectisacommonproblemamongcaregivers.C.Ethnicpopulationsaregainingsignificantinfluenceinthehealthcaresystem.D.Itisunreasonabletoemphasizespecificconditionsinimmigrants’nativehomes.74.Whichofthefollowingisimportantwhenthefamilyapproachisadopted?A.Sufficientresourcesshouldbeguaranteedtoensurethesuccess.B.Thedailylifeofthefamilyshouldbecaredforfirstandforemost.C.Fearamongfamilymembersshouldberelievedatthebeginningstage.D.Whatisincludedintheprogramsshouldbebothpracticalandpracticable.75.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocusonintermsofservicestoimmigrantfamilies?A.Howtoestablishanimmigrant-friendlyneighborhood.B.Howtohelpimmigrantsenjoyavailablehealthcareservices.C.Howtomakeanassessmentoftheexistinghealthcareservices.D.Howtoassistcaregiversinunderstandingimmigrants’familyinfluence.Passage FourThis year mark the100th anniversary of the deadliest event in U.S.history:the Spanish influenzaepidemicof1918.Althoughscienceandtechnologyhaveadvancedtremendouslyover thepastcentury,thePandemicperilremains;arecentexerciseattheJohnsHopkinsCenterfor HealthSecurityshowedthatanepidemicofaninfluenza-likeviruscouldkill15millionAmericans inasingleyear.Themedicalcommunity’sresponsetothisdangeris,understandably,focusedonresearchang response—discoveringnewvaccines,therapeutics,anddiagnosticsandfightingongoingepidemics, suchasthecurrentEbolaoutbreakinCongo.Buttheseurgentundertakingsarenotsufficient.Ifthe Worldistotacklemanyfactorsthatraiseourriskofadevastatingpandemic,themedicalcommunity mayhavetoentertheatresofoperationbeyondthelaboratorybenchandthetreatmentunitand publiclyengagewithcontroversialissuesthatsomeobserverswouldconsidernonmedical.Indeed, Ibelievethatonlysucheffortscansaveusfromthesocialtrends,politicalmovements,andpolicy failuresthatarcelevatingourriskofapandemic.Therearethreeaspectsinparticularwherethe medicalcommunity’sinterventionisurgentlyneeded.Firstistherisingtideofisolationismandxenophobia(排外)inmanyhigh-incomenations, particularlytheUnitedStatesandEuropeancountries.Thebeliefthatisolatingourselvesfromthe worldcanpreventthespreadofdiseasesisirrational:wecanbuildnowallhighenoughtokeepout infectiousdiseasesanddiscase-bearingvectors.Thesecondtrendisthegrowingtideofantiscientificthinkingandresistancetoevidence-based medicine.Inlow-incomecountries,skepticismaboutvaccinesisaneverlastingchallenge,butwhat weareseeingintheUnitedStatesandEuropeissomethingverydifferent,andverydangerous.The growing refusal of parents in high-income countries to vaccinate their children is the tip of an icebergthatcouldsinkusallintheeventofanepidemicdemandingrapidvaccinedeploymentand acceptance.Finally,andperhapsmostfundamentally,medicalprofessionalscanstepintothepublicarena totakeonunpleasantandcontentiouspoliticalissuessuchasclimatechangeandisolationism.Many membersofthemedicalcommunityprefertoavoidbecominginvolvedincontroversialissuesthat seemtobeoutsidethescopeofmedicalconcerns,buttheirvoicesareneededtoconfrontsuchissues.76.Whatdoestheauthormainlydointhefirstparagraph?A.Warntheworldagainsttheupcominginfluenzapandemic.B.Givecredittotremendousadvancesinscienceandtechnology.C.Remindthereadersofthepotentialdevastatingpandemicperils.D.ReflectontheseverityoftheSpanishinfluenzaepidemicof1918.77.Toaddresstheincreasingriskofpandemics,theauthorsuggeststhatthemedicalcommunity______.A.focusmoreontheurgentundertakingsB.paymoreattentiontoresearchandresponseC.makequickerresponseinfightingongoingepidemicsD.getmoreactivelyengagedwithissuesotherthanmedical78.AccordingtoParagraph3,whatdotheUnitedStatesandEuropeancountriesneedtodotoeventinfectiousdiseasesanddisease-beaingvectos?A.Tobuildhighwails.B.Tomaintainanoenmentality.C.Toisolatethemselvesfomeachothe.D.Toleanfomothehigh-incomenations.79.WhatcanbesaidofthesecondtendmentionedinPaagah4?A.Sketicismaboutvaccinescanbetackledeasily.B.Antiscientificthinkingisnotseiousinlow-incomecounties.C.High-incomecountiesshouldleanfomlow-incomecounties.D.Paentalesistancetovaccinatingtheichildencanbedisastous.80.Whatcanbeinfeedfomthelastaagah?A.Medicalconcensaeascontovesialasnonmedicalissues.B.Medicalofessionalsshouldbemoeconcenedwithmedicalissues.C.Moeandmoemedicalofessionalsaeinvolvedincontovesialissues.D.Themedicalcommunityshouldlayamoeactiveoleincontovesialissues.Passage FiveInmedicalteminology,thewodshistoyandhysicalalmostalwaysaeatogetheinthatode.Asahysician,youdonotengageaatientintheneuologicalexaminationuntilyou’ve gatheedthedetailsofhisohedebilitatingheadaches.Butatonetimeinoumedicalcaees,weaeinstuctedtoefomthemostthooughhysical examinationossiblewithoutleaningsomuchastheatient’sname.Allweaegivenisananatomy tablenumbe,anage,andacauseofdeath.Wewokouwaythoughtheanatomylab—insecting, seaching,andfeelingeveymuscle,bone,andogan-andwewiteouatients’histoiesouselves.Tobetteundestandthelifeofthewomanwhohaddonatedhebodyfomyeducation,I ceatedtheObituay(讣告）WitingPogamatGeogetownUnivesityduingmyfistyeaof medicalschool.Iwokedwithanobituaywite,EmilyLange,todeveloawokshotohel inteestedmedicalstudentseflectonthelivesthattheicosesmayhavelived.Sheinstuctedus ontheatofweavingdisconnectedmemoiesintoasinglestoy.Aseiesofceativewitingomts esultedinonestudent’sstoyofadamaticfootballinjuyoccuinginthemiddleofacometitivematch.Thismomentinhiscose’slifewasimaginedfomainkosthetic(假体的）hibeneath massivelayesofmuscle.Thefistconvesationwithmydono’ssonlastedoveanhoudesitemyinitialfeathatI wouldaskthewongquestionsooffethewongwodsofsymathy.Hismothewasasmall-town famgilfomWisconsin.D.CaolKennedy,GeogetownUnivesitySchoolofMedicine,Classof1972.ShewasadevoutCatholicwhoconsideedbeingahysicianaivilegeandanootunityto seve othes.She wanted to continue to seve even afte he death by donating he body to GeogetownUnivesityinodetoeducatefutuemedicalstudentslikeme.Wehavefinallyutthehistoyinitsightfullacebefoethehysical—studentsnowinteview thefamiliesoftheidonosbefoemakingthefistcutintheanatomylab.Oucosesaeoufistcounteats in the ivileged atient-hysician elationshi,and now we ae able to begin that atneshijustaswehoetodothoughouttheestofoumedicalcaees.81.Thestatementthat“thewodshistoyandhysicalalmostalwaysaeatogetheinthatode”canbebestinterpretedas__________.A.historytakingisusuallyprecededbyphysicalexaminationB.historytakingisusuallytaughtbeforephysicalexaminationC.historytakingisusuallyovershadowedbyphysicalexaminationD.historytakingisusuallyperformedbeforephysicalexamination82.WhatistheteachingapproachintheanatomylabdescribedinParagraph2?A.Identifyingtherealcauseofthepatient’sdeath.B.Learninganatomybytakingpatients’historiesintoaccount.C.Trainingstudentshowtodophysicalexaminationclinically.D.Writingpatients’historiesbasedonthephysicalexamination.83.What can be said of the Obituary Writing Program created by the author at Georgetown University?A.Ithelpedstudentsimprovetheirwritingskills.B.Itwasaimedtoarousestudents’interestinanatomy.C.Itwasahumanewayofpayingrespecttobodydonors.D.Itwasaimedtotrainthestudents’skillsinphysicalexamination.84.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheinformationtheauthorobtainedaboutDr.CarolKennedyfrom histalkwithherson?A.Shewasbornonafarminthe1970s.B.ShegrewupinGeorgetownasadevoutCatholic.C.Shewasagraduateoftheauthor’smedicalschool.D.Shedonatedherbodyasrequiredbyherreligiousbelief.85.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HistoryTakingintheAnatomyLabB.WritingskillsformedicalStudentsC.Dr.CarolKennedy:aDevotedGeorgetownGraduateD.Patient-physicianRelationship:aHistoricalReviewPassage SixTheremaybenobetterexampleofwhatismeantbypreventivemedicinethanthestrategyof Vaccination.Ahealthypersonisgivenatinytasteofavirus—fluorpolio,say—that’stooweakto causeillnessbutjustenoughtointroducethebodytothepathogen.Iftheviruslatershowsupforreal,theimmunesystemisprimedandwaitingforit.That’sclosetohowacancervaccineworks,butnotprecisely.Mostexpertsseecancervaccines asahybridoftreatmentandprevention.Whileit’struethattheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration hasapprovedvaccinesagainstcervicalandlivercancer,botharedesignedtofightthevirusesmost responsibleforcausingthedisease,asopposedtotargetingcanceritself—humanpapillomavirus (HPV;人乳头瘤病毒)inthecaseofcervicalcancerandhepatitisBinthecaseoflivertumors.Usingvaccinestopreventnonviralcancersinsomeonewhoisdisease-freeisawholedifferent mater.For one thing,it’s much more difficult to determine a person’s chance of developing a。
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(79)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(79)(总分150, 做题时间150分钟)Structure and Vocabulary** mayor was asked to______his speech in order to allow his audience to raise questions.SSS_SINGLE_SELAconstrainBconductCcondenseDconverge该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.7答案:CC选项Condense意为“精简，浓缩”。
根据句意“市长被要求缩短讲话，以便让他的听众提问”，故选C。
其他三项中，A选项Constrain“限制”；B选项Conduct“控制，实施”；D选项Converge“聚集”，都不符合句意。
** new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased ______, a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.SSS_SINGLE_SELAcirculationBreproductionCmanipulationDpenetration该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.7答案:AA选项Circulation意为“发行量”。
根据句意“美国报纸的新技术革命带来了发行量激增、覆盖面拓宽和对新闻工作者需求的增加”，故选A。
其他三项中，B选项reprodu ction“复制；生殖”；C选项manipulation“操纵，控制”；D选项penetration“渗透”，都不符合句意。
** I had a car of my own, I______it to your sister yesterday.SSS_SINGLE_SELAwill lendBwould lendCshould lendDwould have lent该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.7答案:D考查虚拟语气。
江西财经大学英语考试试题(卷)
Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis. But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.