linux下apache+tomcat集群详细配置

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Liunx下Tomcat调优指南

Liunx下Tomcat调优指南1概述由于Tomcat的运行依赖于JVM，从虚拟机的角度我们把Tomcat的调整分为外部环境调优和自身调优两类来描述。

2调优方案1.1外部环境调优1)操作系统性能优化对于操作系统优化来说，是尽可能的增大可使用的内存容量、提高CPU的频率，保证文件系统的读写速率等。

经过压力测试验证，在并发连接很多的情况下，CPU的处理能力越强，系统运行速度越快。

对于并发数很大的情况来说，带宽也是影响系统性能的一个重要指标，因此要实现系统的快速响应，必须拥有较高的带宽。

建议使用64位操作系统，如果是32位操作系统，建议使用企业版。

2)JAVA虚拟机性能优化Tomcat需要依赖Java虚拟机运行。

根据客户选用的主机的操作系统选择对应的JDK 的版本。

无论哪个厂商的JDK，都建议使用最新的版本。

虚拟机可通过命令行的方式改变虚拟机使用内存的大小。

如下表所示有两个参数用来设置虚拟机使用内存的大小。

Tomcat默认可以使用的内存为128MB，在较大型的应用项目中，这点内存是不够的，需要调大。

Windows下，在文件% TOMCAT_HOME %/bin/catalina.bat，Unix下，在文件$TOMCAT_HOME/bin/catalina.sh的前面，增加如下设置：JAVA_OPTS=’-Xms【初始化内存大小】-Xmx【可以使用的最大内存】’需要把这个两个参数值调大。

例如：JAVA_OPTS='-Xms256m -Xmx512m',表示初始化内存为256MB，可以使用的最大内存为512MB。

另外需要考虑的是Java提供的垃圾回收机制。

虚拟机的堆大小决定了虚拟机花费在收集垃圾上的时间和频度。

收集垃圾可以接受的速度与应用有关，应该通过分析实际的垃圾收集的时间和频率来调整。

如果堆的空间很大，那么完全垃圾收集（FULL GC）就会很慢，但是频度会降低。

如果在客户系统中把堆的大小和内存的需要一致，完全收集就很快，但是会更加频繁。

Linux下Apache服务的部署和配置

Linux下Apache服务的部署和配置⽬录1 Apache的作⽤2 Apache的安装3 apache的启⽤4 apache的基本信息5 apache的访问控制5.1 基于客户端ip的访问控制5.2 基于⽤户认证的访问控制6 apache的虚拟主机7 apache的加密访问8 ⽹页重写9 正向代理10 反向代理11 apache ⽀持的语⾔1 Apache的作⽤解析⽹页语⾔，如html，php，jsp等接收web⽤户的请求，并给予⼀定的响应2 Apache的安装安装apche软件：dnf install httpd.x86_64 -y3 apache的启⽤开启apache服务并设置开机启动：systemctl enable --now httpd查看apache服务的状态：systemctl enable --now httpd查看⽕墙信息：firewall-cmd --list-all 在⽕墙中永久开启http服务：firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http在⽕墙中永久开启https服务： f irewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https在不改变当前⽕墙状态的情况下刷新防⽕墙：firewall-cmd --reload4 apache的基本信息apche的基本信息服务名称：httpd主配置⽂件：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf⼦配置⽂件：/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf默认发布⽬录：/var/www/html默认端⼝：80 （http），443（https）⽇志⽂件：/etc/httpd/logs开启apche服务后，输⼊ip查看默认发布页⾯：（1）更改apche服务的端⼝号查看httpd服务的默认端⼝号：netstat -antlupe |grep httpd编辑配置⽂件：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf，修改端⼝号重启httpd服务：systemctl restart httpd查看httpd服务的端⼝号：netsat -antlupe | grep httpd更改端⼝号后，输⼊ip后⽆法正常连接，原因是8080端⼝未添加在⽕墙中在防⽕墙⾥添加888端⼝号：firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=888/tcp在不改变当前⽕墙状态的情况下刷新防⽕墙：firewall-cmd --reload输⼊IP地址：端⼝号，可以正常访问（2）修改apche的默认发布⽂件默认⽬录：cd /var/www/html在⽂件默认发布⽬录下新建⼀个⽂件index.html输⼊：http：//172.25.254.144查看默认发布⽂件就是访问apache时没有指定⽂件名，即默认访问的⽂件，此⽂件可以指定多个，但有访问顺序。

tomcat配置手册

以下部署方式都是针对tomcat5.0以上版本。

Tomcat4中的Manager和Admin管理工具其实就是利用它来部署的。

在Tomcat5中提出了Context descriptor这个概念，且为其配置了一个专有目录，而不像Tomcat4那样大杂烩一般地放置在$appBase目录下。

Context descriptor是一个只包含Context元素的xml格式的部署文件，其中Context元素与server.xml中的Context元素配置相同。

对于一个给定的主机，Context descriptor放置在$CATALINA_HOME/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/目录下面。

Tomcat5默认安装时，在$CATALINA_HOME/conf/Catalina/localhost目录中有admin.xml和manager.xml，是两个管理工具的部署描述符文件。

而这两个文件在Tomcat4中是放置在$CATALINA_HOME/webapps目录下面的。

使用方法：（1）在$CATALINA_HOME/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/目录下新建xxx.xml文档（2）在xxx.xml文档中配置如下<Context docBase="${catalina.home}/server/webapps/host-manager"privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false" antiJARLocking="false"> </Context>注：docBase也可以设置为[eclipse的workplace]/[project]/webroot静态部署是指在Tomcat运行之前就把相关的Web应用程序放置到合适的目录，在Tomcat启动的时候自动来部署这些应用程序。

apache 和tomcat 整合的基本步骤

apache 和tomcat 整合的基本步骤Apache和Tomcat是Java Web开发中常用的两个服务器软件，通过整合Apache和Tomcat可以提高Web应用的性能和安全性。

下面将介绍Apache和Tomcat整合的基本步骤。

1. 安装Apache首先需要安装Apache服务器。

可以从官方网站或其他信任的下载源下载最新稳定版的Apache服务器软件。

安装过程中需要指定安装路径，并确保Apache服务器可以正常运行。

2. 安装Tomcat接下来需要安装Tomcat服务器。

同样可以从官方网站或其他信任的下载源下载最新稳定版的Tomcat服务器软件。

安装过程中需要指定安装路径，并确保Tomcat服务器也可以正常运行。

3. 配置Apache和Tomcat完成安装后，需要进行一些配置工作。

首先找到Apache的配置文件httpd.conf，通常位于Apache安装目录的conf文件夹中。

在该文件中添加以下配置信息：LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.soJkWorkersFile conf/workers.propertiesJkLogFile logs/mod_jk.logJkLogLevel infoJkLogStampFormat这些配置信息用于加载与Tomcat整合相关的模块，并设置相关日志文件和级别。

4. 配置workers.properties接着需要创建workers.properties文件，该文件用于配置与Tomcat 连接的工作进程。

在配置文件中添加以下配置信息：worker.list=worker1worker.worker1.type=ajp13worker.worker1.host=localhostworker.worker1.port=8009在这里我们配置了一个名为worker1的工作进程，指定了连接的类型为AJP13，主机为localhost，端口为Tomcat服务器配置的AJP连接端口，默认为8009。

Linux下Apache的安装与配置

Linux下Apache的安装与配置⼀、编译安装1、解决依赖关系⼆、后续操作1、启动httpd两种⽅法：第⼀种、/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start第⼆种⽅法：先修改http.pid⽂件位置打开配置⽂件增加⼀⾏vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf 增加PidFile “/var/run/httpd.pid”为了启动httpd更加⽅便，#!/bin/bash## httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server## chkconfig: - 85 15# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \# HTML files and CGI.# processname: httpd# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid# Source function library.. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functionsif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then. /etc/sysconfig/httpdfi# Start httpd in the C locale by default.HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.INITLOG_ARGS=""# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectlhttpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}prog=httpdpidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}RETVAL=0start() {echo -n $"Starting $prog: "LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONSRETVAL=$?echo[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}return $RETVAL}stop() {echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpdRETVAL=$?echo[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}}reload() {echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; thenRETVAL=$?echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"elsekillproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUPRETVAL=$?fiecho}# See how we were called.case "$1" instart)start;;stop)stop;;status)status -p ${pidfile} $httpdRETVAL=$?;;restart)stopstart;;condrestart)if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; thenstopstartfi;;reload)reload;;graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)$apachectl $@RETVAL=$?;;*)echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}" exit 1esacexit $RETVAL将以上代码加⼊到vim /etc/init.d/httpd中⽽后为此脚本赋予执⾏权限：chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd加⼊服务列表：chkconfig --add httpd给3，5启动chkconfig --level 3，5 httpd on最后加路径将 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/binvim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh完成后重新登录就可以了。

Apache与tomcat的整合、负载均衡和加入启动和系统服务

Apache与tomcat的整合及负载均衡系统环境：Windows Server 2021 R2 SP1虚拟机环境：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga) X64安装软件版本：JDK:1.6.0_19 Tomcat: Apache: JK:实施步调：一、安装软件。

1tar -xz2345./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most--with-mpm=worker6make7make install89/jk/native/1011./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs12make13make install二、配置整合及负载均衡1 cp / /usr/local/apache2/modules2配置环境变量vi /etc/profile在文本末尾参加以下内容JAVA_HOME=JDK安装路径CATALINA_HOME=tomcat安装路径CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATHexport JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH3应用初始的环境变量source /etc/profile4点窜以下几处而且在末尾加上：Include /usr/local/apache2/conf/ 5添加及设置vi /usr/local/apache2/增加以下内容#加载mod_jk ModuleJkLogLevel info载分配控制制器JkMount /* lb6添加及设置vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/添加以下内容worker.list = lb,tomcat1,tomcat2#server 列表#========tomcat1========worker.tomcat1.port=8009#ajp13 端标语，在tomcat下server.xml配置,默认8009#tomcat的主机地址，如不为本机，请填写ip地址worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13worker.tomcat1.lbfactor = 1#server的加权比重，值越高，分得的请求越多#========tomcat2========worker.tomcat2.port=8009#ajp13 端标语，在tomcat下server.xml配置,默认8009#tomcat的主机地址，如不为本机，请填写ip地址worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13worker.tomcat2.lbfactor = 1#server的加权比重，值越高，分得的请求越多#========controller,负载均衡控制器========worker.lb.type=lbworker.lb.balanced_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2#指定分担请求的tomcatworker.lb.sticky_session=17、将JSP文件放入/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT8 启动apache和tomcat8 翻开浏览器输入就是这么简单。

Linux下配置tomcat+https

keystoreFile="/usr/local/tomcat/.keystore"
keystorePass="hellohello"
clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
[root@localhost ~]# mv jdk1.5.0_19 /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -s jdk1.5.0_19 jdk
下面是配置路径：
[root@localhost local]# vi /etc/profile
在文件的最后加入：
[Unknown]: suzhou
What is the two-letter country code for this unit?
[Unknown]: cn
Is CN=liu, OU=bea, O=bea, L=suzhou, ST=suzhou, C=cn correct?
catalina-tasks.xml digest.sh setclasspath.bat startup.sh tool-wrapper.bat
commons-daemon.jar jkstatus-tasks.xml setclasspath.sh tomcat5.exe tool-wrapper.sh
[root@localhost tomcat5.5]# ls
bin common conf LICENSE logs NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt server shared temp webapps work

Linux平台Apache高可用双机集群Tomcat负载均衡集群配置手册

Linux平台Apache双机高可用集群+ Tomcat负载均衡集群配置手册在这个配置手册中，使用的操作系统和软件清单如下：操作系统：RedHat Enterprise Linux AS4 U4 64bit（安装时最好选择完全安装）软件：jdk-1_5_0_15-linux-amd64.binTomcat5.5.26httpd-2.0.63.tar.gzjakarta-tomcat-connectors-jk2-src-current.tar.gzipvsadm-1.24.tar.gzlibnet.tar.gzheartbeat-2.1.3-3.el4.centos.x86_64.rpmheartbeat-pils-2.1.3-3.el4.centos.x86_64.rpmheartbeat-stonith-2.1.3-3.el4.centos.x86_64.rpm因为是linux操作系统，所以在安装软件时请使用对应自己操作系统内核的软件，这是整个集群成功的第一步。

本配置手册中的软件都是对应RedHat Enterprise Linux AS4 U4 64bit 这个版本的软件。

jdk-1_5_0_15-linux-amd64.binJAVA环境包使用的是64位1.5版Tomcat版本为公司指定的5.5版本Apache为2.0.63版jakarta-tomcat-connectors-jk2-src-current.tar.gz是连接Apache和Tomcat的连接插件，具体可以去Tomcat网站上查找下载ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gzlibnet.tar.gz这两个是用于2台Apache服务器虚拟一个IP地址使用heartbeat-2.1.3-3.el4.centos.x86_64.rpmheartbeat-pils-2.1.3-3.el4.centos.x86_64.rpmheartbeat-stonith-2.1.3-3.el4.centos.x86_64.rpm这3个软件是用于2台Apache服务器之间的心跳检测结构图Apache1以以以以以Tomcat1Tomcat2Apache22台Tomcat服务器使用Tomcat软件可以自己做集群，2台Apache服务器需要其他的软件实现虚拟服务器功能，工作站访问虚拟IP地址访问2台Apache服务器，再通过Apache服务器访问Tomcat服务器第3 页总13 页1．安装JAVA环境包1）输入命令：./ jdk-1_5_0_15-linux-amd64.bin执行完毕后，会在当前目录下生成一个JDK-1.5.0_15的文件夹2）在 /usr/local/下新建一个名字为JAVA文件夹，将个JDK-1.5.0_15的文件夹拷入到该文件夹下3）设置环境变量。

linux-Apache 配置

Apache 配置一、安装Apache下载地址：/1. 安装Apache# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.11.tar.gz# cd httpd-2.2.11# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so//编译时加上加载模块参数--enable-so# make# make install2. 配置系统启动时自动启动Apache服务。

# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local//在rc.local上加入一行/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl –k start。

二、配置Apache1. 修改httpd.conf文件# vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf1）设置根目录的路径根目录是指Apache存放配置文件和日志文件的目录，配置参数为ServerRoot，默认位于“/u sr/local/apache”。

命令如下：2）设置监听IP地址及端口号默认侦听本机所有IP地址的TCP80端口，命令如下：Listen 80用户也可以按自己的需求，使用多个Listen语句在多个地址和端口上侦听客户端请求。

比如：Listen 192.168.99.9:80Linsten 172.16.0.20:80803）设置系统管理员E-m ail使用ServerAdmin参数设置管理员E-m ail，比如管理员的Email地址为root@guoxuemin. cn：4）设置服务器主机的名称参数ServerName用来设置服务器的主机名称，如果没有域名则填入服务器的IP地址，比如服务器的IP地址为192.168.99.9：5）设置主目录的路径用户可以使用参数Document Root配置服务器主目录默认路径，比如，主目录路径为：6）设置默认文件Apache的默认文件名为index.ht ml，可以使用Directory Index参数来配置，比如，将ind ex.php设置为默认文件名：7）测试：打开浏览器，输入地址：http://192.168.99.9，可以打开站点了：2. 配置目录权限使用<Directory 目录路径>和</Directory>设置目录的权限。

Apache2.2+tomcat-6.0.18集群部署手册

一、软件准备Apache 2.2Tomcat-6.0.18:mod_jk-1.2.31-httpd-2.2.3.sojdk-1_5_0_06-windows-i586-p.exe注意：由于Apache和Tomcat项目与集群相关的模块均处于持续发展和优化过程中，因此笔者不保证本文配置方法对所有Apache和Tomcat版本均适用。

二、Apache安装1、先准备好软件：2、安装Apache，配置成功一个普通网站服务器3、运行下载好的“httpd-2.2.19-win32-x86-openssl-0.9.8r.msi”，出现如下界面：4、出现Apache HTTP Server 2.0.55的安装向导界面，点“Next”继续5、确认同意软件安装使用许可条例，选择“I accept the terms in the license agreement”，点“Next”继续6、将Apache安装到Windows上的使用须知，请阅读完毕后，按“Next”继续7、设置系统信息，在Network Domain下填入您的域名（比如：），在Server Name下填入您的服务器名称（比如：，也就是主机名加上域名），在Administrator's Email Address下填入系统管理员的联系电子邮件地址（比如：yinpeng@），上述三条信息仅供参考，其中联系电子邮件地址会在当系统故障时提供给访问者，三条信息均可任意填写，无效的也行。

下面有两个选择，图片上选择的是为系统所有用户安装，使用默认的80端口，并作为系统服务自动启动；另外一个是仅为当前用户安装，使用端口8080，手动启动。

一般选择如图所示。

按“Next”继续。

]8、选择安装类型，Typical为默认安装，Custom为用户自定义安装，我们这里选择Custom，有更多可选项。

按“Next”继续9、出现选择安装选项界面，如图所示，左键点选“Apache HTTP Server 2.0.55”，选择“This feature, and all subfeatures, will be installed on local hard drive.”，即“此部分，及下属子部分内容，全部安装在本地硬盘上”。

linux tomcat jvm参数

在Linux系统下，可以通过修改Tomcat的启动脚本设置JVM参数。

具体步骤如下：
1. 打开Tomcat的启动脚本（通常是catalina.sh或catalina.bat），通常位于Tomcat安装目录下的bin文件夹中。

2. 在脚本中找到JAVA_OPTS或CATALINA_OPTS这一行，如果这一行不存在，可以在脚本开头添加一行。

3. 在该行中设置JVM参数，例如：
* -Xms512m：设置Java堆的初始大小为512MB。

* -Xmx1024m：设置Java堆的最大大小为1024MB。

* -Xss2m：设置每个线程的堆栈大小为2MB。

* -XX:MaxPermSize=256m：设置永久代的最大大小为256MB（仅适用于Java 7及更早版本）。

4. 保存并关闭启动脚本。

5. 重新启动Tomcat服务器，使设置生效。

请注意，JVM参数的具体设置取决于应用程序的需求和可用资源。

以上参数只是一个示例，您可以根据实际情况进行调整。

另外，请确保您具有足够的系统资源来支持所设置的JVM参数，以避免系统资源不足的问题。

Linux下apache2.2.15+tomcat6.0.26+jdk-6u20安装配置文档

apache2.2.15+tomcat6.0.26+jdk-6u20+tomcat-connectors-1.2.30+ apr-1.4.2.tar.gz+ apr-util-1.3.9.tar.gz[root@hostserver Tools]# lltotal 125304-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6123410 Apr 19 06:16 apache-tomcat-6.0.26.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6593633 Apr 19 06:16 httpd-2.2.15.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9280000 Apr 19 06:16 apr-1.4.2.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7730000 Apr 19 06:16 apr-util-1.3.9.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 84796967 Apr 19 06:18 jdk-6u20-linux-i586.bin-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29050568 Jan 23 12:13 mysql-5.1.30.tar.tar-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1566749 Apr 19 06:16 tomcat-connectors-1.2.30-src.tar.gz[root@hostserver Tools]# cp jdk-6u20-linux-i586.bin /usr/local/[root@hostserver Tools]# cp httpd-2.2.15.tar.gz /usr/local/[root@hostserver Tools]# cp apache-tomcat-6.0.26.tar.gz /usr/local/[root@hostserver Tools]# cp tomcat-connectors-1.2.30-src.tar.gz /usr/local/[root@hostserver Tools]# cp mysql-5.1.30.tar.tar /usr/local/[root@hostserver Tools]# cd /usr/local/[root@hostserver Tools]# cd /usr/local/所有包都在此目录下[root@hostserver local]# ll-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 84796967 Apr 19 07:33 jdk-6u20-linux-i586.bin-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6593633 Apr 19 07:33 httpd-2.2.15.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6123410 Apr 19 07:33 apache-tomcat-6.0.26.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1566749 Apr 19 07:33 tomcat-connectors-1.2.30-src.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29050568 Apr 19 07:33 mysql-5.1.30.tar.tar第一步：安装JDK[root@hostserver local]# chmod 755 jdk-6u20-linux-i586.bin[root@hostserver local]# ./jdk-6u20-linux-i586.bin……Please enter "yes" or "no".Do you agree to the above license terms? [yes or no]输入Yes,并按[enter]键.Press Enter to continue.....再次按[enter]键，则JDK安装完成。

Tomcat8.5安装和配置

expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
xsi:schemaLocation="/xml/ns/javaee
/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1"
metadata-complete="true">
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/>
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
scp 10.32.35.100:/data/share/jdk-8u111-linux-x64.tar.gz /opt/tomcat

Linux搭建Apache+Tomcat环境(详细文档)

Linux搭建Apache+Tomcat环境使用手册（仅供内部使用）V1.0目录目录 (1)1 引言 (3)1.1 编写目的 (3)1.2 项目背景 (3)1.3 定义 (3)1.3.1 集群(Cluster) (3)1.3.2 负载均衡(Load Balance) (3)1.4 参考资料 (3)1.5 变更历史 (3)2 技术介绍 (3)2.1 技术目标 (3)2.2 网络架构 (3)2.3 软件架构 (4)3 客户端软件准备 (4)3.1 Tomcat： (4)3.2 Apache： (4)3.3 Jk： (4)4 测试环境规划 (4)4.1 Apache集群程序 (4)4.2 Tomcat1程序（内容+后台统一部署） (4)4.3 Tomcat2程序（内容+后台统一部署） (5)5 详细步骤 (5)5.1 安装JDK (5)5.1.1 jdk1.5.0_19 (5)5.1.2 配置环境变量 (6)5.1.3 测试Java是否安装成功 (6)5.2 安装Tomcat (6)5.2.1 Tomcat环境准备 (6)5.2.2 配置环境变量 (7)5.2.3 测试Tomcat是否安装成功 (7)5.2.4 部署工程项目 (7)5.3 安装Apache (7)5.3.1 apache环境准备 (8)5.3.2 httpd-2.2.12.tar.gz (8)5.3.3 测试Apache是否安装成功 (8)5.4 集群和负载均衡的配置 (9)5.5 修改httpd.conf (9)5.6 安装mod_jk.so (9)5.7 建立mod_jk.conf文件 (10)5.8 建立workers.properties文件 (10)5.9 建立uriworkermap.properties (11)5.10 综合测试Apache + Tomcat (11)6 总结 (12)6.1 绑定的域名 (12)6.2 编译出so文件 (12)6.3 设置Apache和Tomcat随系统启动而自动启动： (12)6.3.1 Red Hat的配置 (12)6.3.2 Ubuntu 的配置 (12)6.4 不足之处，见谅！ (12)7 附录 (13)7.1 Tomcat集群与负载均衡区别以及特性 (13)7.2 ubuntu 配置开机启动vnc (15)1 引言1.1 编写目的本说明手册为了阐述Linux搭建Apache+Tomcat环境，并详细介绍Tomcat的集群和负载均衡配置而编写。

如何在Linux上安装和配置Tomcat服务器

如何在Linux上安装和配置Tomcat服务器Tomcat是一个开源的Java Servlet容器，它提供了一个实现Java服务并运行Java Web应用程序的环境。

在Linux操作系统上，安装和配置Tomcat服务器是常见的任务之一。

本文将介绍如何在Linux上安装和配置Tomcat服务器的步骤。

一、安装JDK在安装Tomcat之前，需要先安装Java Development Kit（JDK）。

可以从Oracle官方网站下载最新版本的JDK，并根据Linux的系统架构选择正确的安装包。

下载完成后，执行安装过程并设置JAVA_HOME环境变量。

二、下载Tomcat访问Tomcat官方网站，选择最新版本的Tomcat并下载。

下载完成后，将Tomcat压缩包解压到合适的目录中。

例如，可以将Tomcat解压到`/opt`目录下。

三、配置环境变量打开终端，使用编辑器（如vi或nano）打开`~/.bashrc`文件，并添加以下内容：```export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-x.x.xexport PATH=$PATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin```保存并退出文件。

然后使用以下命令使环境变量生效：```source ~/.bashrc```四、配置Tomcat用户为了增加安全性，可以创建一个专门用于运行Tomcat的用户。

在终端中执行以下命令来创建一个新用户：```sudo adduser tomcat```根据提示设置新用户的密码。

五、修改Tomcat目录权限为了保护Tomcat目录的安全性，需要将所有者设置为刚刚创建的`tomcat`用户。

使用以下命令修改目录权限：```sudo chown -R tomcat:tomcat /opt/apache-tomcat-x.x.x```六、启动Tomcat现在，可以启动Tomcat服务器了。

在终端中执行以下命令：```cd /opt/apache-tomcat-x.x.x/bin./startup.sh```七、配置防火墙如果启用了防火墙，需要打开Tomcat所使用的端口。

ApacheTomcat下载、安装、配置图文教程

ApacheTomcat下载、安装、配置图⽂教程Tomcat安装配置欢迎我的博客。

Tomcat是Apache 软件基⾦会（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项⽬中的⼀个核⼼项⽬，由Apache、Sun 和其他⼀些公司及个⼈共同开发⽽成。

由于有了Sun 的参与和⽀持，最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现，Tomcat 5⽀持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。

因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定，⽽且免费，因⽽深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可，成为⽬前⽐较流⾏的Web 应⽤服务器。

Tomcat官⽹Apache Tomcat - Welcome!Tomcat下载安装Tomcat下载9.0.0.M4下载地址：注意:下载可以下载zip格式或exe格式的，其中zip格式的只要解压缩再配置下环境变量就可以使⽤了，就像绿⾊版的。

我这⾥使⽤的是后者exe格式的，这个对于新⼿⽐较⽅便。

点击32-bit/64-bit Windows Service Installer下载Tomcat安装安装很简单下⼀步下⼀步注意安装之前要有Java环境点击Finish可以看到Tomcat服务启动了打开浏览器，敲⼊,如果出现页⾯，那么配置成功。

Tomcat配置Tomcat环境配置并⾮必须下⾯默认已经配置好Java环境。

新建变量在桌⾯此电脑右键、左上⾓⾼级系统设置、⾼级选项卡、环境变量、系统变量下新建以下变量：⽐如Tomcat安装在C:\Tomcat，其他⽬录替换C:\Tomcat即可。

变量名：CATALINA_BASE变量值：C:\Tomcat;变量名：CATALINA_HOME变量值：C:\Tomcat;添加变量在PATH中加⼊%CATALINA_HOME%\bin;在CLASSPATH中加⼊（如果没此变量，按照上步新建即可）%CATALINA_HOME%\common\lib\servlet-api.jar;(注意加的时候在原变量值后加英⽂状态下的“;”)其他问题安装tomcat出现failed to install tomcat8 service错误及解决⽅法在安装tomcat时，报failed to install tomcat6 service ,check your setting and permissio错误。

linux下安装apache的及反向代理配置完整过程

下面是linux下安装apache的完整代码，系统是redhat5.51、检查系统防火墙有没开，需要把防火墙关掉，可以执行SETUP查看，关闭。

在开启了防火墙时，做如下设置，开启相关端口，修改/etc/sysconfig/iptables 文件，添加以下内容：-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8088 -j ACCEPT 2、安装Apache下载地址：</>1. 安装Apache# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.22.tar.gz //解压文件# cd httpd-2.2.22//进入安装文件夹#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so--enable-mods-shared=most --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-connect--enable-proxy-ftp --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-scgi--enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer // 配置apache路径加载动态模块# make //编译apache# make install//安装apache其它相关命令：下载httpd-2.2.22.tar.bz2 把httpd-2.2.22.tar.bz2放到/soft 下[root@localhost ~]#cd /soft[root@localhost soft]#tar jxvf httpd-2.2.6.tar.bz2 //解压apache的压缩包[root@localhost soft]#cd httpd-2.2.6 //定位到httpd-2.2.6 文件夹下[root@localhost httpd-2.2.6]#ls //查看显示httpd-2.2.6 文件夹下内容 [root@localhost httpd-2.2.6]# ./configure --help | more //查看安装apache配置参数[root@localhost httpd-2.2.6]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so // 配置apache路径[root@localhost httpd-2.2.6]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache--enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most --enable-proxy--enable-proxy-connect --enable-proxy-ftp --enable-proxy-http--enable-proxy-scgi --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer// 配置apache路径加载动态模块[root@localhost httpd-2.2.6]#make //编译apache[root@localhost httpd-2.2.6]#make install //安装apache[root@localhost httpd-2.2.6]#cd /usr/local/apache //进入apache的目录[root@localhost apache]# cd conf/[root@localhost conf]#cp httpd.conf httpd.conf_bak //备份apache配置文件[root@localhost conf]#chkconfig --list httpd //查看httpd服务是否已存在[root@localhost conf]#chkconfig httpd off //关闭系统自带了httpd的服务，如果存在httpd服务[root@localhost conf]#service httpd status //查看自带httpd服务状态[root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k start//linux启动apache命令[root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k stop //linux 停止apache命令[root@localhost conf]#netstat -an | grep :80 //查看linux80端口是否开启[root@localhost conf]#ps -aux | grep httpd //linux下查看apache进程[root@localhost conf]#cd ../..[root@localhost local]#cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl/etc/rc.d/init.d/apache //拷贝apache启动脚本[root@localhost local]#vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/apache // 这里是编辑apache 启动脚本在开头的#！/bin/sh 下面加上#chkconfig: 2345 85 15[root@localhost local]#chkconfig --add apache //添加apache服务[root@localhost local]#chkconfig --list apache //列出apache服务[root@localhost local]#service apache stop //停止apache服务[root@localhost local]#netstat -an | grep :80 //查看linux的80端口是否开启[root@localhost local]#ps -aux | grep httpd //查看是否存在httpd服务，若果之前自带httpd服务启动的话会导致新添加的apache服务启动失败[root@localhost local]#service apache start //启动apache服务打开你的服务器ip地址，看看是否出现了tomcat的默认首页，如果出现的话，那么恭喜你linux下安装apache已经成功了3、修改httpd.conf文件vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf以下为httpd.conf内容：# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions.# See <URL:/docs/2.2> for detailed information.# In particular, see# <URL:/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html># for a discussion of each configuration directive.## Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding# what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned.## Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo_log"# with ServerRoot set to "/usr/local/apache" will be interpreted by the # server as "/usr/local/apache/logs/foo_log".## ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's# configuration, error, and log files are kept.## Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to point the LockFile directive # at a local disk. If you wish to share the same ServerRoot for multiple # httpd daemons, you will need to change at least LockFile and PidFile. #ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache"## Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost># directive.## Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.##Listen 12.34.56.78:80Listen 80Listen 8088 －－增加监听端口## Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support## To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need# to be loaded here.## Example:# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so#LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so －－加载的模块，正确安装完会自动加载以下模块LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.soLoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.soLoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.soLoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.soLoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.soLoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.soLoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.soLoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.soLoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.soLoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.soLoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.soLoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.soLoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.soLoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.soLoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.soLoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.soLoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.soLoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.soLoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.soLoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.soLoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.soLoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.soLoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.soLoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.soLoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.soLoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.soLoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.soLoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.soLoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.soLoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.soLoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.soLoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.soLoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.soLoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.soLoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.soLoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.soLoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.soLoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.soLoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.soLoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.soLoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.soLoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.soLoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.soLoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.soLoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.soLoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.soLoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.soLoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.soLoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.soLoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.soTimeout 300 －－新增的配置参数KeepAlive OnMaxKeepAliveRequests 1000KeepAliveTimeout 15UseCanonicalName OffAccessFileName .htaccessServerTokens FullServerSignature OnHostnameLookups Off<IfModule !mpm_netware_module><IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>## If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run # httpd as root initially and it will switch.## User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for # running httpd, as with most system services.#User daemonGroup daemon</IfModule></IfModule>－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－以下内容是新增的关键参数<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>StartServers 40MinSpareServers 40MaxSpareServers 80MaxClients 256MaxRequestsPerChild 10000</IfModule><IfModule mpm_worker_module>StartServers 40MaxClients 2000MinSpareThreads 100MaxSpareThreads 300ThreadsPerChild 200MaxRequestsPerChild 0</IfModule>ProxyRequests OffRewriteEngine onRewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK)RewriteRule .* - [F]RewriteEngine onRewriteCond %{HTTP:range} !(^bytes=[^,]+(,[^,]+){0,4}$|^$)RewriteRule .* - [F]TraceEnable off#NameVirtualHost 10.46.85.137:9080#<VirtualHost 10.46.85.137:9080>#ServerName 10.46.85.137:9080#ProxyPass /ponApp/ http://10.209.122.40:7001/xponApp/#ProxyPassReverse /ponApp/ http://10.209.122.40:7001/xponApp/#</VirtualHost>NameVirtualHost 10.46.85.137:8088<VirtualHost 10.46.85.137:8088>ServerName kuangdai －－kuangdai LINUX系统的主机名ProxyPass /xponApp/ http://10.209.122.40:7001/xponApp/ ProxyPassReverse /xponApp/ http://10.209.122.40:7001/xponApp/启动服务报错－－/etc/hosts 增加127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomainlocalhost ”kuangdai“主机名</VirtualHost><Proxy *>－－配置反向代理的访问权限Order deny,allowAllow from all</Proxy>－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－以上内容是新增的关键参数# 'Main' server configuration## The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a# <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.## All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the# virtual host being defined.### ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. e.g. admin@#ServerAdmin you@## ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.## If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. #ServerName 127.0.0.1:80 --这个ServerName可随意配置一定去掉前面### DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.#DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"## Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that# directory (and its subdirectories).## First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of# features.#<Directory />Options FollowSymLinksAllowOverride NoneOrder deny,allowDeny from all</Directory>## Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it# below.### This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.#<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs">## Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",# or any combination of:# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews## Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you.## The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # /docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options# for more information.#Options Indexes FollowSymLinks## AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit#AllowOverride None## Controls who can get stuff from this server.#Order allow,denyAllow from all</Directory>## DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory# is requested.#<IfModule dir_module>DirectoryIndex index.html</IfModule>## The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients.#<FilesMatch "^\.ht">Order allow,denyDeny from allSatisfy All</FilesMatch>## ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost># container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.#ErrorLog "logs/error_log"## LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,# alert, emerg.#LogLevel warn<IfModule log_config_module>## The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below).#LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combinedLogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<IfModule logio_module># You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %OLogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\"\"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio</IfModule>## The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format). # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost># container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*# define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be# logged therein and *not* in this file.#CustomLog "logs/access_log" common## If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.##CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined</IfModule><IfModule alias_module>## Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client # will make a new request for the document at its new location.# Example:# Redirect permanent /foo /bar## Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to# access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.# Example:# Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path## If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will# require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely# need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to# the filesystem path.## ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that# documents in the target directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias# directives as to Alias.#ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"</IfModule><IfModule cgid_module>## ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX# socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.##Scriptsock logs/cgisock</IfModule>## "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.#<Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin">AllowOverride NoneOptions NoneOrder allow,denyAllow from all</Directory>## DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text.#DefaultType text/plain<IfModule mime_module>## TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from # filename extension to MIME-type.#TypesConfig conf/mime.types## AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.##AddType application/x-gzip .tgz## AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.##AddEncoding x-compress .Z#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz## If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: #AddType application/x-compress .ZAddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz## AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server # or added with the Action directive (see below)## To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.) ##AddHandler cgi-script .cgi# For type maps (negotiated resources):#AddHandler type-map var## Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client. ## To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.) ##AddType text/html .shtml#AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml</IfModule>## The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.##MIMEMagicFile conf/magic## Customizable error responses come in three flavors:# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects## Some examples:#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"#ErrorDocument 402 /subscription_info.html### MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before# returning the entire resource, or one of the special# values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'.# Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges.#MaxRanges unlimited## EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver# files. This usually improves server performance, but must# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise# broken on your system.##EnableMMAP off#EnableSendfile off# Supplemental configuration## The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of # the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as# necessary.# Server-pool management (MPM specific)#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf# Multi-language error messages#Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf# Fancy directory listings#Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf# Language settings#Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf# User home directories#Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf# Real-time info on requests and configuration#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf# Virtual hosts#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual#Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)#Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf# Various default settings#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf## Note: The following must must be present to support# starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent # but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.#<IfModule ssl_module>SSLRandomSeed startup builtinSSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule>。

Apache2.4+Tomcat7.0整合配置详解

Apache2.4+Tomcat7.0整合配置详解⼀、简单介绍 Apache、TomcatApache HTTP Server（简称 Apache），是 Apache 软件基⾦协会的⼀个开放源码的⽹页服务器，可以在 Windows、Unix、Linux 等操作系统中运⾏是最流⾏的Web服务器软件之⼀。

Apache 反应速度快，运⾏效率⾼，但只⽀持HTML等静态页⾯（加载插件后也可⽀持 PHP 页⾯）。

Apache Tomcat 是由 Apache 软件基⾦协会与 Sun 公司联合开发的⼀款Web服务器，它除了⽀持HTML等静态页⾯外，还⽀持JSP、Servlet 。

在相同的运⾏环境下，Tomcat 对静态页⾯的反应速度没有 Apache 灵敏，整合 Apache 与 Tomcat 能使系统运⾏于⼀个良好环境下，提⾼系统效率。

⼆、软件包下载运⾏环境：Windows 7Apache 2.4 下载：Tomcat 7.0 下载：JDK 6 下载：mod_jk.mo 连接包下载：下载mod_jk时⼀定要看清版本，下载对应的版本如果已有tomcat和jdk，则不⽤另外下载三、Apache 2.4 安装下载的apache2.4如下图所⽰，直接解压到D:\apache-httpd修改⽂件D:\apache-httpd\conf\httpd.conf，端⼝改为8000，程序⽬录指定为E:\apache-tomcat-7.0.50\webapps\ROOT（即tomcat程序所在⽬录，此⽬录可以修改）ServerRoot "D:/apache-httpd"## Mutex: Allows you to set the mutex mechanism and mutex file directory# for individual mutexes, or change the global defaults## Uncomment and change the directory if mutexes are file-based and the default # mutex file directory is not on a local disk or is not appropriate for some# other reason.## Mutex default:logs## Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost># directive.## Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.##Listen 12.34.56.78:80Listen 8000## Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support## To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need# to be loaded here.## Example:# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so#LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.soLoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.soLoadModule allowmethods_module modules/mod_allowmethods.so LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.soLoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so#LoadModule auth_form_module modules/mod_auth_form.so#LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so#LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so#LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so#LoadModule authn_socache_module modules/mod_authn_socache.so#LoadModule authnz_fcgi_module modules/mod_authnz_fcgi.so#LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so#LoadModule authz_dbd_module modules/mod_authz_dbd.so#LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so#LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so#LoadModule buffer_module modules/mod_buffer.so#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so#LoadModule cache_disk_module modules/mod_cache_disk.so#LoadModule cache_socache_module modules/mod_cache_socache.so#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so#LoadModule charset_lite_module modules/mod_charset_lite.so#LoadModule data_module modules/mod_data.so#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so#LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so#LoadModule dav_lock_module modules/mod_dav_lock.so#LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so#LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.soLoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so#LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.soLoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so#LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so#LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so#LoadModule http2_module modules/mod_http2.so#LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so#LoadModule heartbeat_module modules/mod_heartbeat.so#LoadModule heartmonitor_module modules/mod_heartmonitor.so#LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so#LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.soLoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so#LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.soLoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so#LoadModule lbmethod_bybusyness_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.so #LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so #LoadModule lbmethod_bytraffic_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.so#LoadModule lbmethod_heartbeat_module modules/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so#LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so#LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.soLoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so#LoadModule log_debug_module modules/mod_log_debug.so#LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so#LoadModule lua_module modules/mod_lua.so#LoadModule macro_module modules/mod_macro.soLoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.soLoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.soLoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.soLoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.soLoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so#LoadModule proxy_express_module modules/mod_proxy_express.so#LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.soLoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so#LoadModule proxy_html_module modules/mod_proxy_html.soLoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so#LoadModule proxy_http2_module modules/mod_proxy_http2.so#LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so#LoadModule proxy_wstunnel_module modules/mod_proxy_wstunnel.so#LoadModule ratelimit_module modules/mod_ratelimit.so#LoadModule reflector_module modules/mod_reflector.so#LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so#LoadModule request_module modules/mod_request.so#LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.soLoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so#LoadModule sed_module modules/mod_sed.so#LoadModule session_module modules/mod_session.so#LoadModule session_cookie_module modules/mod_session_cookie.so#LoadModule session_crypto_module modules/mod_session_crypto.so#LoadModule session_dbd_module modules/mod_session_dbd.soLoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so#LoadModule slotmem_plain_module modules/mod_slotmem_plain.so LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so#LoadModule socache_dbm_module modules/mod_socache_dbm.so#LoadModule socache_memcache_module modules/mod_socache_memcache.so#LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.soLoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so#LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so#LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so#LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so#LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so#LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so#LoadModule watchdog_module modules/mod_watchdog.so#LoadModule xml2enc_module modules/mod_xml2enc.so<IfModule unixd_module>## If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run# httpd as root initially and it will switch.## User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for# running httpd, as with most system services.#User daemonGroup daemon</IfModule># 'Main' server configuration## The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a# <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.## All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the# virtual host being defined.### ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such# as error documents. e.g. admin@#ServerAdmin aaa123@## ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.## If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. #ServerName localhost## Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other# <Directory> blocks below.#<Directory />AllowOverride noneRequire all denied</Directory>## Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it# below.### DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.#DocumentRoot "E:\apache-tomcat-7.0.50\webapps\ROOT"<Directory "E:\apache-tomcat-7.0.50\webapps\ROOT">## Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",# or any combination of:# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews## Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"# doesn't give it to you.## The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see# /docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options# for more information.#Options Indexes FollowSymLinks## AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:# AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit#AllowOverride None## Controls who can get stuff from this server.#Require all granted</Directory>## DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory# is requested.#<IfModule dir_module>DirectoryIndex index.html index.php index.htm index.jsp</IfModule>## The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being# viewed by Web clients.#<Files ".ht*">Require all denied</Files>## ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost># container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost># container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.#ErrorLog "logs/error.log"## LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,# alert, emerg.#LogLevel warn<IfModule log_config_module>## The following directives define some format nicknames for use with# a CustomLog directive (see below).#LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combinedLogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<IfModule logio_module># You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %OLogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule>## The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).# If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost># container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*# define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be# logged therein and *not* in this file.#CustomLog "logs/access.log" common## If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information# (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.##CustomLog "logs/access.log" combined</IfModule><IfModule alias_module>## Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to# exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client# will make a new request for the document at its new location.# Example:# Redirect permanent /foo /bar## Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to# access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.# Example:# Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path## If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will# require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely# need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to# the filesystem path.## ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that# documents in the target directory are treated as applications and# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the# client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias# directives as to Alias.#ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "D:/apache-httpd/cgi-bin/"</IfModule><IfModule cgid_module>## ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX# socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.##Scriptsock cgisock</IfModule>## "D:/apache-httpd/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.#<Directory "D:/apache-httpd/cgi-bin">AllowOverride NoneOptions NoneRequire all granted</Directory><IfModule mime_module>## TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from# filename extension to MIME-type.#TypesConfig conf/mime.types## AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.##AddType application/x-gzip .tgz## AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.##AddEncoding x-compress .Z#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz## If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:#AddType application/x-compress .ZAddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz## AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server# or added with the Action directive (see below)## To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)##AddHandler cgi-script .cgi# For type maps (negotiated resources):#AddHandler type-map var## Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.## To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)##AddType text/html .shtml#AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml</IfModule>## The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.##MIMEMagicFile conf/magic## Customizable error responses come in three flavors:# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects## Some examples:#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"#ErrorDocument 402 /subscription_info.html### MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before# returning the entire resource, or one of the special# values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'.# Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges.#MaxRanges unlimited## EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver# files. This usually improves server performance, but must# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise# broken on your system.# Defaults: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off##EnableMMAP off#EnableSendfile on# Supplemental configuration## The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of # the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as # necessary.# Server-pool management (MPM specific)#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf# Multi-language error messages#Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf# Fancy directory listings#Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf# Language settings#Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf# User home directories#Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf# Real-time info on requests and configuration#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf# Virtual hosts#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual#Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)#Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf# Various default settings#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf# Configure mod_proxy_html to understand HTML4/XHTML1<IfModule proxy_html_module>Include conf/extra/proxy-html.conf</IfModule># Secure (SSL/TLS) connections#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf## Note: The following must must be present to support# starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent# but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.#<IfModule ssl_module>SSLRandomSeed startup builtinSSLRandomSeed connect builtin</IfModule>完成配置后，启动Apache 2.4，在 "E:\apache-tomcat-7.0.50\webapps\ROOT" 添加静态页⾯ index.html。

Tomcat 6在Linux上的安装配置

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_16
/usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/bin/startup.sh
#这个是我的目录的
这样在系统重启后就可以自动启动Tomcat.
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_20
五、使用“ps -ef |grep tomcat”可以显示tomcat已启动
【或者在bin下执行./startup.sh】
我的电脑上会出现如下内容：
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.16
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.16
export TOMCAT_HOME="/usr/local/apach-tomcat-6.0.16"
保存退出
# source /etc/profile //让当前配置立即生效
四、启动tomcat服务器
$ /usr/local/apach-tomcat-6.0.16/bin/startup.sh
点击左侧的 download的一个版本，我选择的是 tomcat6.x,你可以根据自己的实际情况进行选择安装，点击超连接，选择 Binary Distributions 下的tar.gz (pgp, md5) 压缩包，进行下载
二、下载到本地后，进行解压

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环境：操作系统均为：CentOS 5.1Apache2.X服务器一台：IP地址192.168.232.4；安装路径/usr/local/apache；Tomcat6服务器一台：IP地址192.168.232.5；安装路径/usr/local/tomcat；Tomcat6服务器一台：IP地址192.168.232.6；安装路径/usr/local/tomcat；配置：Apache安装：#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-modules=so--enable-mods-shared=all --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-connect--enable-proxy-ftp --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp--enable-proxy-balancer --enable-rewrite注释：激活tomcat集群需要的enable-proxy，enable-proxy-http，enable-proxy-connect，enable-proxy-ajp和enable-proxy-balancer，其中proxy-ajp和proxy-balancer必须依赖proxy，如果是自定义的编译除了以上几个必须的模块外，mod_status也要编译进去，切记。

enable-proxy-ftp可以不编译。

#make;make install制作Apache启动项：#cp support/apachectl /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd#vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd添加以下内容：（包括＃号）# Startup script for the Apache Web Server# chkconfig: 2345 85 15# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server .It is used to server# HTML files and CGI.# processname: httpd# pidfile: /usr/local/apache/log/httpd.pid# config: /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf增加服务项#chkconfig --add httpd#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd#chkconfig --level 345 httpd onJDK安装：#chmod a+x jdk-6u4-linux-i586-rpm.bin#./jdk-6u4-linux-i586-rpm.binJAVA环境变量设置：#vi /etc/profile在文件最后添加以下内容：JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_04CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jarPATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATHCATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcatexport JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH CATALINA_HOME执行如下命令使环境变量生效：source /etc/profile测试配置是否成功：java –versionTomcat安装：#wget[url]/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.16/bin/apache-to mcat-6.0.16.tar.gz[/url]#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz#mv apache-tomcat-6.0.16 /usr/local/tomcatTomcat随机启动：#vi /etc/rc.local添加以下内容：/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.shtomcat6配置文件server.xml：把<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">改成<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcatX"> 说明：第一台tomcat就把jvmRoute="tomcat1"第二台tomcat就把jvmRoute="tomcat2"把去掉注释变为<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>***群集详细配置***<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8"><Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/><Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"> <MembershipclassName="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"address="228.0.0.4"port="45564"frequency="500"dropTime="3000"/><Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto"port="4000"autoBind="100"selectorTimeout="5000"maxThreads="6"/><SenderclassName="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"><TransportclassName="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/> </Sender><InterceptorclassName="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector "/><InterceptorclassName="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch1 5Interceptor"/></Channel><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"filter=""/><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/><Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer" tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"watchEnabled="false"/><ClusterListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListen er"/><ClusterListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/></Cluster>配置应用的web.xml：在每个webapps应用中,修改配置文件web.xml文件添加元素<distributable/> 在web.xml文件中<web-app>元素下增加以下内容：<distributable/>具体修改如下:修改前:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><web-app xmlns="[url]/xml/ns/javaee[/url]"xmlns:xsi="/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="/xml/ns/javaee[url]/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd[/url]"version="2.5"></web-app>修改后:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><web-app xmlns="[url]/xml/ns/javaee[/url]"xmlns:xsi="/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="/xml/ns/javaee[url]/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd[/url]"version="2.5"><distributable/></web-app>配置apache的ajp负载均衡功能：确保将以下Module的注释去掉LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.soLoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.soLoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.soLoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.soLoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so增加以下内容：# Proxypass ConfigInclude conf/extra/httpd-modproxy.conf建立文件httpd-modproxy.conf输入内容：<Location /server-status>SetHandler server-statusOrder Deny,AllowDeny from allAllow from all</Location><Location /balancer-manager>SetHandler balancer-managerOrder Deny,AllowDeny from allAllow from all</Location>ProxyRequests OffProxyPass / balancer://tomcatcluster stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On<Proxy balancer://tomcatcluster>BalancerMember [url]http://192.168.232.5:8080[/url] loadfactor=1 BalancerMember [url]http://192.168.232.6:8080[/url] loadfactor=2</Proxy>注释：ProxyRequests Off 表示启用反向代理，必须开启；ProxyPass为代理转发的Url,即将所有访问/的请求转发到群集balancer://tomcatcluster，这里为/即将所有访问/的请求转发到群集balancer://tomcatcluster的/test目录；BalancerMember为群集的成员,即群集服务器1或2,负载均衡服务器会根据均衡规则来将请求转发给BalancerMember；调试负载均衡集群系统：访问apache服务器的web服务：[url]http://192.168.232.4/balancer-manager[/url]如果显示负载均衡有关信息则说明成功了，接着可以访问[url]http://192.168.232.4/[/url]即访问到了tomcat的应用***必须先启动Tomcat服务再启动Apache服务！***参考文档：[url]/tomcat-6.0-doc/cluster-howto.html[/url][url]/tomcat-6.0-doc/balancer-howto.html[/url][url]/newsoft/ApacheMenual_CN_2.2new/mod/mod_p roxy.html[/url][url]/newsoft/ApacheMenual_CN_2.2new/mod/mod_ proxy_balancer.html[/url]。