名词性从句讲义

名词性从句
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if, as if/though
(不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
有词义，在从句中担任成分，如
：主、宾、表或定语等。

连接副词：when, where, how, why.有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

㈠.主语从句：
1. 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

Who will go is not importa nt.
2. 用it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

It does n 'matter so much whether you will come or not.
3. that 引导的主语从句放在句首时，在句中无词义，只起连接作用，不能省略； That she will do well in her exam is certa in
4.
that 引导的主语从句，一般放在主句的后面，即把 it 放在句首作形式主语。

(1) It + be +形容词/名词/过去分词+ that 从句
常用的句型有
It is a pity /a shame/ no wonder/ a surprise that …: It is necessary/important/natural/strange that … It is suggested /requested/proposed/ desired that … 不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时， 谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) +do It seems/appears/ happened /occurred to sb. that … (注意：should 不可以省略)
5. 主语从句中主谓一致问题
主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数; When the meet ing will beg in has not bee n decided yet.
如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数； When they will start and where they go have not bee n decided yet. 如果由and 连接两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。

When and where the meet ing will beg in has not bee n decided yet. ㈡.表语从句： 1. 表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词(
be/seem/remai n/look/appear/ etc )后。

The fact is that we have lost the game. 2.
as if/ though 引导的表语从句 真实的好像(陈述语气)：
It looks as if it is going to rain.
不可能出现得好像(虚拟语气)：
The pen cil looks as if it were broken in the middle.
注意：当主语是reaso n/ cause 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是because^ si nee, as 不能引导表语从句。

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning ㈢.宾语从句： 1. 作动词宾语 I expect (that ) I shall be back on Sun day. 2. 作介词宾语 The teacher is satisfied with what I said.
3. 作 afraid, glad, certain, sure 等形容词的宾语。

I ' m afraid that I will be late. I ' m glad that you passed the exam.
㈣.同位语从句
同位语从句在复合句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

可用于同位语从句的
名词有 advice 、dema nd 、doubt 、fact 、hope 、idea 、in formati on 、message n ews 、order 、problem 、promise 、questi on 、 request 、suggestion 、truth 、wish 、word 等。

注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、
(2) It +不及物动词 + that 从句
The n ews that we won the game is excit ing. The thought came to him that Mary had probably falle n ill.
名词性从句高考考点
考点1、主语从句常用it 作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。

常用句型如下： （1）
It + be + 名词（an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise/no wonder/etc. ）
+ that 从句
Eg: It is a pity that you didn
' t go to see the film.
（2） It + be + 形容词（natural/ true,/ obvious/good/ wonderful/ likely/ possible/certain/etc.） + that 从句 Eg: It is certa in that she will do well in her exam
（3） It + be +过去分词 + that 从句
Eg: It is suggested that he be sent to hospital.
（4） It + seem/happen/appear 等不及物动词 + that 从句
Eh: It happe ned that she was out that day. （例题） __ is a fact that En glish is being accepted as an intern ati on al la nguage.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
考点3、名词性从句中what 与that 的区别
that 引导的名词性从句表事实，不含疑问，在从句中不充当句子成分 ，没有含义;
what 引导的名词性从句表疑问，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。

I want to know what you are going to do tomorrow. 考点4、名词性从句的语序应用陈述语序：主语
+谓语
___________ you have see n both fighters, ________ will win?
考点5、宾语从句的时态呼应
当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。

当主句动词是过去（could/ would 除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来 时，过去完成时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时态。

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America . The teacher told us that the earth _
_ round the sun.
A. goes
B. went
C. is going
D. had gone 考点7、同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
考点2、it 在宾语从句中的运用：
1） 动词+ it +宾补（形容词、过去分词或名词）
I think it important that we should keep calm. 2） 介词/动词+ it + that 的特殊结构（it 作引导词） You may depend on it that they s u pport you.
+ that 结构
We found it necessary that we practise English daily. I will appreciate it if you can help me.
I know that you 're better now.
He asked ________ f or a violin .
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
注意：1） what is the matter 本身就是陈述句语序 C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid
2）疑问词+ do you thi nk+陈述句语序 A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you thi nk C. Whe n; whoever D. Since; who do you think
（1） 同位语从句中，连词 that 在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的
that 则在从句中作主语，宾语等。

同位语从句的 wh 一词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的
wh 一词则没有疑问意义。

（2） 定语从句是对先行词的修饰，限定；而同位语从句是解释，说明先行词的内容。

The news that our team won the game is true. The news that you have heard isn
' t true.
考点8、只用whether 的情况，不用if 的情况： 1) 在动词不定式之前 I can 'decide whether to stay here .
2) 在 whether …or (not) 的固定搭配中 I want to know whether it 's good news or not . 3) 在介词后，只能用 whether o His father is worried about whether he loses his
work .
4) 同位语从句、表语从句；主语从句位于句首
Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 注意：引导条件句时，只能用 if Please come to see me if you have time. 5) discuss 后的宾语从句只能用
whether
We are discussing whether we 'llgo camping tomorrow. 考点 9、who/ whoever; what/ whatever
1) who/ what 等含特指意义，有疑问；而 whoever/ whatever 等含泛指含义，没有疑问
I don 'tknow _____ will come here. ______ comes here is ok. ______ comes here, it is ok
2) 疑问词+ever 和no matter+疑问词的区别：
疑问词+ever(无论…..)可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句
；no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句
Whoever breaks the rule must be puni shed. Whoever breaks the rule, he must be puni shed =No matter who breaks the rule, he must be puni shed.
Sarah hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her in terests. A. anyone
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter who
考点10、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、否定前移
1） 在 dema nd 、order 、suggest decide 、in sist, desire, request, comma nd 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，
宾语从句常用“（should ） +动词原形”。

I in sist that she ____ her work alone. A. do
B. does
C. will do
D. did
2） 宾语从句的否定前移。

当主句的主语是第一人称
I 或we,且谓语动词为imagine, believe, expect, suppose think,时，其
宾语从句的否定，要将从句中的否定形式移到主句中，即把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。

注：此种用法它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来决定，并且用肯定形式。

I don ' t think he can do it, can he? I don ' t think you are rig ____________ ?
考点6、that 不可省略的情况
1） 并列的宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可以省略。

We must n ever think （that ） we are good in everyth ing
2） 作介词but 、except 、in 等的宾语时不可省。

3） 在it 作形式宾语的宾语从句中不省略。

4） that 引导的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

5） 当that 前有插入语时， and that others are good in no thi ng.
I know no thi ng about him except that he is from the north. We must make it clear that we should finish the task today.. That their son had passed the exam made them happy. Tom does n 'tk no w, I'm sure, that he has passed the exam. Tell him that if he comes tomorrow, please call me.
I don 'tth ink a warm win ter always has a n egative in flue nee on our life, _______ ?
A. doesn 'tit
B. do I
C. has n'tit
D. does it
考点11.关于doubt
肯定句中用whether/if;否定句和疑问句中用that
I doubt whether/if he will win the game. There is no doubt that he will win the game.。