2020年高考英语语法必考考点 5 形容词和副词

第 1 页，共 23 页 2020年高考英语语法必考考点（5）

形容词和副词

【考点解读】

一、基本用法

形容词的基本用法如下表： 句法功能

例句 作定语

The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. (2012·浙江高考) 作表语

Trains are fast and convenient, but rush hours can be terrible. 作宾语补足语

Life is hard there, and the mountains make communications difficult. 作主语补足语

The upper closet was found empty. 作主语或宾语(与the 或所

有格连用)

On buses, the young offer their seats to the old, the sick and the disabled. 作伴随状语

The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.

副词的基本用法如下表： 句法功能

例句 修饰动词

We used to see each other regularly, but I haven’t heard from him since last year. (2012·辽宁高考) 修饰形容词 Wang Wei can be really stubborn. 修饰其他副词

Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very well. 作

状

语 修饰全句

Obviously, there is much room for improvement in our work. 作表语

Michael is abroad. 作定语

Which is the way out ？ 作宾语补足语

I am very glad to see you back.

二、形容词和副词的比较等级

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。

1．比较级和最高级的构成

(1)规则形式

①单音节以及少数以-ow(如narrow)结尾的双音节形容词或副词，在原级后加-er,-est构成。如：clever －cleverer －cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：

特殊情况构成方式例词

以e结尾加-r和-st

brave －braver

－bravest

以“辅音字母＋y”结尾

变y为i, 再加

-er和-est happy －happier －happiest

以重读闭音节结尾

双写词尾，再加

-er和-est

hot－hotter－hottest ②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more, most构成。active －more active －most active

happily －more happily －most happily

(2)不规则形式

good/well －better －best

far －farther/further －farthest/furthest

bad /ill /badly －worse －worst

old －older/elder －oldest/eldest

many/much －more －most

little －less －least

2．基本用法

(1)两者相比(甲＝乙)，用“as＋原级＋as”表示。

For cheerleaders, their sport is just as serious as baseball or football.

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【温馨提示】在同等比较级中，若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词，其语序为：as＋adj.＋a＋n.＋as。

I have never had as boring a day as today.

(2)两者相比(甲<乙)，用“not as/so＋原级＋as”表示。

Unfortunately, my wife isn’t so fond of them as I am.

(3)两者相比(甲>乙)，用“比较级＋than”表示，(甲<乙)用“less＋原级＋than”表示。

Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.

【温馨提示】在实际运用中，than从句常常省略，要通过上下文来理解。

Traveling from place to place is now so much cheaper and easier.

(4)三个或三个以上的人或事物比较，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级＋比较范围”表示。

During the 1990s, Michael Jordan was probably the best-known basketball player in the world.

【温馨提示】有时形容词最高级前不用the，句中的most相当于very, 意为“非常；十分”。如：

I am most happy to get your e-mail.

3．特殊用法

(1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”和“more and more＋原级”表示“越来越……”，其反义词组为“less and less＋原级”。

In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independent.

(2)“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。

The more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.

(3)“more＋原级＋than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。

The girl was more frightened than hurt.

(4)“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。

The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.

(5)形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。

Of the two sisters, Mary is the cleverer.

4．比较级形式表示最高级含义

(1)在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义：

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