初中时间状语从句语法及练习(全).

状语从句

什么是状语：

句子中修饰动词、形容词等的句子成分叫状语，用来从地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式和伴随状况等方面修饰说明谓语。

e.g. He speaks English very well.（副词作状语）

e.g. He is playing under the tree.（介词短语作状语）

e.g. I come specially to see you.（不定式作状语）

e.g. If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.（从句作状语）

e.g. Having had a quarrel with his wife,he left home in a bad temper.（分词作状语）

状语从句：

状语从句就是在复合句里起状语作用的从句，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式、条件等。引导状语从句的连词叫做从属连词。状语从句的位置可以在句首，也可以在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号与主句隔开；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。

If it’s fine tomorrow, I will go with you.

I will go with you if it’s fine tomorrow.

状语从句分类：1、时间状语从句

2、地点状语从句

3、原因状语从句

4、目的状语从句

5、结果状语从句

6、条件状语从句

7、让步状语从句

8、比较状语从句

9、方式状语从句

时间状语从句

从属连词：when, while, as, before, after, till/until, since, whenever, as soon as（一……就）……

时态：主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现

一、When/while/as（当…时候）

区别：主句动作与从句动作发生的时间（同时/之前/之后）；从句动词（延续性/瞬时性）1）When:

when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”，when既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用延续性动词又可用瞬间性动词，且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。且when引导的时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）。

e.g. I will call you when I get there.

e.g. When I came home my wife was cooking dinner.

e.g. I will go home when the rain stops.

e.g. When I got to the airport，the guests had left.

A）如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语和be可以省略;

e.g. When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help.

B）当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，往往还可以省略从句的主语并用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。

e.g. When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep.

2）While

while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”，它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，或者强调主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中，此时主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词。记住，从句中始终是延续性动词，且从句多用进行时态。（while 还可以表示对比，译成“然而”，放在句首可以表示“虽然”）

e.g. I met her while I was at school.

e.g. While I was sleeping, the UFO arrived.

e.g. We were doing our homework while it was raining outside.

e.g. Study while you study; play while you play.

3）As

as引导时间状语从句时表示①“当……时”（只引导瞬间性动词，两个动作是紧密联系的，一前一后进行），②“一边……一边……”，侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主

语同时进行两个动作)，③“随着”，一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化从句中只能接延续动词。

e.g. He jumps as he goes along.

e.g. As the wind rose the noise increased.

【When, while , as 辨析】

三者均可以表示“当……时候”，如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句表示的是延续性动作（主短从延），三者可以通用。

I met Mr Li as / when / while I was walking along the street.

（1）While意为“在……期间”，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词。

The plane had left when we got to the airport.

（2）表示带有规律性的“每当”，或者主从句动作有先后时，都只能用when.

When winter comes, it becomes cold.

（3）表示“随着”时间的推移，主从句的内容是两种变化的情况，只能用as.

As the day went on, the weather got worse.

（4）强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，只能用while.

【巩固练习】

1）I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps.

A. while

B. when

C. since

D. after

2）He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.

A. why

B. where

C. when

D. while

3）We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started.

A. when

B. while

C. until

D. before

4）—I’m going to the post office.

—____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?

A. As

B. While

C. Because

D. If

5）I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.

A. went; was occurring

B. went; occurred

C. was going; occurred

D. was going; had occurred

答案BCABC

二、Before/after

before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前,常翻译为在“……之前”，“……才……”或“……就……”。

e.g. See me before you leave.

e.g. Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.

after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后

e.g. I saw them after I arrived.

e.g. I found his pen after he has left.

【巩固练习】

He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work.

A. when

B. before

C. since

D. that

It was some time ____ we realized the truth.

A.when

B. until

C. since

D. before

三、Till/until/not……until

1、肯定句：till和until这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同，一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用until的形式，till在口语中更为常见)。主句的谓语动词必须是持续性的，表示“到……为止”，“直到……才(开始)”。

e.g. Walk till you come to a white house.

e.g. We didn’t discuss the problem until he came back.

2、否定句：Not ……until，主句的谓语动词则为短暂性的，表示“直到……才”，若主句谓语动词为延续性动词，根据上下文可表示“没有到……”

He didn’t wait until/ till I returned.他没有等到我回来。

not until的三种用法：

1）用在句中的基本用法

e.g. He did not appear until the concert ended.

2）与that搭配的强调结构

e.g. It was not until the concert ended that he appeared.

3）用于句首的倒装结构主句倒装

e.g. Not until the concert ended did he appeared.

【巩固练习】

1）It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’v e actually had that lesson.

A. until

B. after

C. since

D. when

2）A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ____ he reaches the end of the story.

A. when

B. unless

C. after

D. until

3）I don’t really work here; I ____ until the new sec retary arrives.

A. just help out

B. have just helped out

C. am just helping out

D. will just help out

四、Since

Since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”，需注意以下两

1）引导时间状语从句时，一般指的是“从过去的某一时间点以来”的概念，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。从句用一般过去时，主句用完成时。

e.g. I have never seen him again since he left here.

e.g. They have been friends ever since they were in school.

2）若表示到过去某一时间前的情况，则主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。

通搭配为it was+时间段+since 过去完成时或it is+时间段+since过去时

e.g. It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

e.g. It was three years since we had been there.

3）延续性动词相反翻译，瞬间性动词正常翻译

It is three years since I smoked a cigar. 我不抽烟三年了。

It is three years since I left there. 我离开那里已经三年了。

【巩固练习】

1）They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.

A. have made

B. have become

C. have been

D. have turned

2）— What was the party like?

—Wonderful. It’s been 2 years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.

A. after

B. before

C. when

D. since

五、“一……就……”as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ……than……，hardly/ scarcely……when……和once 1）as soon as

①表示对将来事情进行推测（用一般现在时表示将来）

②对过去事情进行陈述，表示两个动作同时进行或一前一后

2）no sooner……than……和hardly……when……

因为没有表达一种条件性，只能对过去事情进行陈述

①时态方面：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时

②倒装同时满足三点：否定词提前、主倒从不倒、部分倒装（be、助、情提到主语之前）。

I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

我一到家天就下起雨来。

【课后练习】