牛津高中英语模块一Grammar定语从句
牛津高中英语模块一
高中英语模块一UNIT3一、重要单词：1.makemake up 编造；化妆make out 看出，辨认出；理解；填写，写出，拼凑make up for 弥补be made up of(=consist of) 由……组成make up one’s mind下定决心，打定主意2.stay/remainstay up late 熬夜stay young/healthy 保持年轻/健康remain (to be) very weak 任然很虚弱3.exercisetake more exercise 多锻炼 a good form of exercise 一个良好的训练形式do a lot of exercises in English grammar 进行大量的英语语法练习do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操4.diedie from……(polluted air,overwork) 死于（外因）die of……(cancer,grief,hunger,anger) 死于（内因）be dying for sth/to do sth. 渴望做某事deadly disease 致命的疾病die happy 安乐死die out 绝种die down （风力、声音等）渐渐消失，平息，变弱5.辨析：another 同类的另一个，接可数名词单数或接数词加可数名词复数the other 常用语one……the other……the others （有范围的）其他的others （无范围的）其他的6.辨析：especially 尤其（=particularly）particularly 尤其（in particular）；对……挑剔（be particularly about）【注：particular in spring 尤其在春天（不能用especially）】specially 特别、专程（例如at a special price）7.weigh[v.] weight[n.] weighty[adj.]put on weight 增重lose weight 减肥weigh two kg 重达两千克（不用被动语态）have one’s luggage weighed 给行李称过重8.agreeagree to do sth. 同意做某事agree that……同意……agree with one’s ideas/what sb. does 同意某人的观点/所做的事agree to……(term,plan,proposal,suggestion,advice) 同意/接受agree on……在……上达成共识9.recover[v.] recovery[n.]recover from……从……中恢复过recover oneself 恢复神智recover sth. from 从中找回某物；重新获得10.matchmatch sb. in sth. 在某方面比得过某人match……=go with 和……相配a good match for 对……来说很得体strike a match 擦火柴11.辨析：damage毁坏，损害，损失，不如destroy严重，且一定程度上可恢复destroy （毁灭性的）破坏，程度很深harm 对……有害（do harm to），暗示不良后果ruin 破坏（美好的东西）（in ruins变成废墟）12.worth值得做……be worth sth./doing sth.be worthy of being doneto be donebe worthwhile doing/to do sth.13.dietgo on diets/a diet 节食put sb. on a diet 控制某人饮食14.每隔一天every other dayevery second dayevery two days15.consider[v]consider sth./sb. as 把……当做……consider sth/ding sth/what to do 考虑take ……into consideration/account 把……考虑进去16.effect[n.] affect[v.]have/produce an effect on ……对……产生影响side effect 副作用come into effect 生效be much affect by……被感动17.riskrisk doing sth. 冒险做某事at/take/run the risk of……冒着……风险at risk 处境危险risk one’s life 冒着生命危险18.marry[v.] marriage[n.]marry A to B 把A嫁给B marry sb. 嫁给某人be married to sb 嫁给某人（表状态）be engaged to sb 订婚be engaged in sth. 忙于做某事be married well 嫁给了有钱人19.offeroffer to do sth. 主动提出做……offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物offer sb. money for 给某人出钱买offer sb. sth.for money 有偿地卖给某人某物20.wayby the way 顺便说下on the way 在路上；即将发生in the way 挡路in a way 在某种程度上all the way 一路上no way 没门21.troublehave trouble in doing sth. 做某事遇到麻烦take the great trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth. 给某人添麻烦；使某人为做某事而为难二、重点词组：1. work outa. 锻炼身体，做运动I would work out in the gym after work when I was in Nanjing.b. 算出，计算Please work out the answer.c.. 解决，处理Don’t get down. Things will work out eventually.d. 计划，制定出When you began to work，you might work out a practical scheme. work out to/at 总计达…The bill works out to ￡10.work on sth./ doing sth. 从事，致力于… I worked on (writing) this article all night.work on sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事My parents spent the whole weekend working on me to go on holiday with them.2.figure outa. 算出；想出；解决It took me hours to figure out those algebra problems.b. 理解，将… …弄明白I can’t figure him out.figure on sth./ doing sth. 料想…，打算干…I didn’t figure on meeting her there3. ashameda. be ashamed of sth./sb./doing sth./having done sth.由于（某人/某事/做了某事）而羞愧b. be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事，因觉得可耻而不做…c. be ashamed to have done sth. 由于做了某事而羞愧d. be ashamed that …… 羞于某事He was ashamed of asking/having asked/to have asked such a simple question.He was ashamed that he had asked such a simple question.4. prefer(1) prefer+名词——Would you like meat or fish? ——I'd prefer meat，please.(2) prefer+动名词Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant?(3) prefer+不定式I prefer to spend the weekend at home.(4) prefer sb. to do sth. Their father prefers them to be home early.(5) prefer A to B 在本句型中，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词，也可以都是动名词。
译林牛津版模块一语法定语从句
定语从句1.定义：名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句。
定语从句一般后置，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。
2.引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关系副词when, where, why等。
关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫做先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。
3.关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as(1)who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
A.The boys who are playing football are from Class One.B.Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.C.That is the teacher who teaches us physics.(2)whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
A.Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see.B.The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come.C.The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor.(3)which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
A.Football is a game which is liked by most boys.B.He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.C.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.D.The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.(4)that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。
19-20版：Grammar——复习非限制性定语从句(创新设计)
Grammar——复习非限制性定语从句[思维导图]一、概述[观察·感悟]①Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。
②Li Ming was always late for school，which made his teacher annoyed.李明上学经常迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。
[探究·归纳]定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
非限制性定语从句是指对先行词进行附加说明的从句，去掉了它也不会影响主句的意思。
它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
[即学即练1]补全句子①Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人，他们中的大多数受到了良好的教育，都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想。
②Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.就人类为什么哭科学家提出来许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。
③We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather maybe better.我们将会把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周，那个时候天气可能会更好一些。
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别[观察·感悟]①The boy whose father is an engineer studies very hard.那位父亲是位工程师的小男孩学习很努力。
(限制性定语从句)The boy，whose father is an engineer，studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。
牛津高中英语模块一Unit1语法定语从句讲解
whom 人 宾 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose 人，物 定 I like those books whose topics are about history.
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(四) 关系代词用who/whom不用that的情况
❖One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
❖Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.
The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.
that 人，物 主，宾 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which
❖I read a report about his new novel _t_h_a_t/_w_h_i_ch__ will soon be published.
❖The plan _t_h_a_t/_w_h_ic_h___they argued about was settled at last.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.
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牛津高中英语模块一语法定语从句1
Lift is a cage that goes up and down in a tall building.
Library is a building that stores lots of books for readers.
课文中的定语从句
Para 2:
I sat next to a girl. Her name was Diana. 定语从句= 定语从句= I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.
Para 3 I loved the lessons. She gave lessons in English Literature. 定语从句= 定语从句= I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature.
Relative pronouns 关系代词
1. The film_____I saw yesterday is very moving.
that/which/不填 不填
that/which/不填 不填 2. He lost the watch _____his father gave him. who/that 3. The man _____talked with you just now is our principal. whose 4. Do you know the girl _____ponytail is long?
Exercise: My friend has a dog. The dog’s eyes are of different colors. My friend has a dog whose eyes are of different colors. My friend has a dog of which the eyes are of different colors.
M1 U1 Grammar定语从句
原因状语 从句
原因状语 从句
• My English improved a lot, as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library.
• I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free.
关系代词的用法
关系代词在从句中可以：
指人
who
whom
指物
主语
宾语
主格
宾格
1）在口语中，也可以用 who 充当宾语。
2）作宾语时 whom 可省略。
II. that & which Have you seen Mr. Liu? He teaches us Maths.
Have you seen Mr. Liu who/ teaches us Maths? _____ that Yesterday my friend and I helped a couple ______ who / lost their way. that yesterday
I like Miss Burke best. I always talk with her! Wei Hua whom ) Miss Burke is a teacher (_____ Wei Hua likes best and always talks with.
You looked for a person just now. I’m the person. whom ) He is the person (_____ I looked for just now.
牛津高中模块一unit1 定语从句讲解
1. The road was destroyed in the earthquake . It has now been built stronger. 2. The people were in danger. The soldiers have saved them. 3. The waiter was very friendly and polite. He served us tea. 4. A dictionary is a book. You can use it to learn more words. 5. Xiao Ming works in a shop. The shop sells photo cameras. 6. What was the name of the farmer? He discovered the tomb of Qinshihuang. 7. The bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.
The bus which goes to the airport runs every half hour. The bus which runs every half hour goes to the airport.
The road which was destroyed in the earthquake has now been built stronger.
The soldiers have saved the people who were in danger.
The waiter who served us tea was very friendly and polite. The waiter who was friendly and polite served us tea.
新高中牛津译林版英语模块一unit2词组、句型、语法归纳总结
牛津英语模块一Unit 2 一．重要短语1. be common to对…来说很普遍2. turn up调大音量，出现，往上翻3. a waste of time (money…)浪费时间（金钱）4. force sb to do sth强迫某人做某事5. be angry with sb at/about sth对某人/某事生气6. arrive back home from vacation度假归来7. than expected比预料的8. can’t wait to do sth等不急得去干某事9. be supposed to do sth理应干某事10. be to do计划做，注定要，应该做，想要做11. in a mess一团糟12. in charge (of)负责13. in the charge of被负责14. sth goes unpunished未受惩罚15. go out go through经历熄灭16. have one’s arms crossed交叉着手臂17. deserve to do sth理应做18. deserve doing/to be done /be worth doing19. be too hard on sb对某人太苛刻20. punish sb for sth/doing因为某事惩罚某人21. in the form of以…的形式22. replace…with…用…来代替23. have no choice but to do只好做某事24. run out (of)用完25. treat sb as/like把某人当作26. explain to sb sth向某人解释27. the cause of/the reason for…的原因28. cause sb to do sth促使某人做某事29. practise doing sth练习做某事30. change sth for sth用东西换东西31. feel a bit better感到好多了32. in formal English用正式的英语33. a no-brainer很容易懂得事34. a wet blanket一个扫兴的人35. all ears认真听讲36. pull one’s leg开某人的玩笑37. look sth up查询/找38. green fingers园艺技能39. all thumbs苯手苯脚，十分苯拙40. the pot calling the kettle black锅笑壶黑，乌鸦笑猪黑41. rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨42. make a mountain out of amolehill小题大做43. fill in / out填写44.handle a problem处理45. go with伴随，与…相配46. give lessons to sb给某人上课47. wait for sb to do sth等候某人干某事48. a little bit + adj.有点儿49. be proud of对…感到骄傲50. get good marks取得好成绩51. fail to do sth未能干某事52. be tired of对…感到厌烦53. be tired with/from因…而累54. stay up熬夜，挺住55. feel very well感到身体很好56. for nothing徒劳57. after all毕竟，终究59. someone else’s某个别的人的(P35)60. ask for advice征求意见61. take/follow one’s advice接受某人的建议62. all the time一直，总是63. take sb out for dinner带某人出去吃晚餐64. be meant to do被打算用来做某事65. keep sth in mind把…记在心里66. What’s up ?什么事呀？67. tidy up使整齐68. keep sth looking tidy使某物看上去整洁69. clean up清理，整理70. make a bit of difference有点与众不同71. either … or …要么…要么…72.find fault of sb 找—-的缺点It’s one’s fault 这是某人的错73. fix one’s problem解决某人的问题(p38)74. be/become upset with 对…感到生气75. early on早些时候76.defend …against/from ..保护--免遭—defend one’s deed—Guard the farm from being attacked警严以防卫，protect our eyes from sunlight77. as if/though好象78. insist on/upon n/doing sth insister that …(should)…坚持做Stick to 名词，坚持坚守原则计划任务stick to our task79. waste some time doing sth浪费时间做某事80. in/at Internet cafes在网吧81. every time/each time/next time 引导时间状语从句82. at present目前，现在83. prevent sb (from) doing阻止某人做某事84. do harm to=be harmful to对…有害（危害抽象事物）injure 事故中/wound武器伤hurt肉体、情感85. suggest doing sth建议做某事86. like crazy疯狂地87. now that 既然88. play foreign music演奏外国音乐89. send/put sb to bed打发某人去睡觉90. forbid sb from doing阻止某人做某事91. solve the problem解决问题92. bridge the generation gap缩小代沟93. get along better相处的更好94. work on演算，从事95. work out解出，结果是96. make a draft打个草稿97. make a final version作出最后的样本98. be included in…被包含在99.tend to do 趋向于做100.fit in society 融入社会101.leave out 省略，遗漏leave…alone 不管/leave…behind留下，忘带Leave over剩下102.a piece of cake 小菜一碟103.have difficulty/trouble doing104.mix up 混合105 Set a limit to 限制limit…to….把---限制在-106.go back/return to normal 恢复正常above/below normal107.along with108.tolerate doingtolerate sb doing109.have his arms crossed 双臂交叉110.bend down/over, 弯腰bend…to 使---屈从于--bend one’s attention专心于be bent on 专心于frighten sb into doing 吓得—做某事frighten sb away/off 吓跑error / mistake / fault通常指人的过失，过错find fault withbe upset about /that从句upset the balance 打破平衡normal正常的，常规的ordinary平凡的，普通的，和common基本一样usual 通常的，习惯的unusual 。
译林牛津江苏省高一英语必修模块一Unit1上教案及练习 牛津英语 教案
译林牛津某某省高一英语必修模块一Unit1上教案及练习【教学内容与教学要求】教学内容：牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （上）二、教学要求：1．掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。
2．学会描述校园生活和学校设施。
High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期Huge campus and low-rise building 学校面积大，没有高层建筑。
Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。
Each room es with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。
3．学习阅读技巧：skimming&scanning。
4．语法：定语从句（一）【知识重点与学习难点】重要单词：access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax二、重点词组：class teacher 班主任 at ease with 和….相处不拘束 school hours学校作息时间 earn respect from 赢得…的尊敬 sound like听起来象 for free 免费 get a general idea 了解大意 as well as 除….以外, 也 key words 关键词 word by word 逐字逐句地 find one’s way around 认识路 develop an interest in 培养对….的兴趣 surf the Internet 网上冲浪【难点讲解】 1. What is your dream school life like?你理想中的学校生活是什么样子?这里 dream 表示心目中最理想的. 如 dream team (梦之队)。
Grammar+and+usage+定语从句练习 高中英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第一册
1.The science of computer in _______ rapid progress has been made in recent years,plays a very important role m our daily life.2.Is oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn?3.The first book _______ I bought is very popular.4.This is Mr.Smith. ________ I think has something interesting to tell you.5.It was in that house ________ he used to live that the secret meeting was held.6.The ancestor is a person in your family________ lived a long time ago.7.The scene was like a big blanket ________unfolded before our eyes.8.In China there is the Mid-Autumn Festival, _______ people admire the moon apart from enjoying mooncakes.9.This creature lives in the depths of the ocean, _______it is safe.10.They found accommodation on the mountain, __________ they could get a good view of the countryside.11.____________ we all know, swimming is of great benefit to our health.12.This is the last time ____________ I’ll give you a lesson.13.He is the man _______________ we should learn from.14.We’ll put off the outing until next week, ____________ we won’t be busy.15.The reason ____________ I was away from school is ___________ I was caught in the traffic jam.16.Something_________ suits you is convenient for you or is the best thing for you in the circumstances.17.Those ________ have a preference for something would like to have or do that thing rather than something else.18.Your vocabulary is the total number of words _____you know in a particular language.19.Anyone_______ breaks a taboo is likely to feel somewhat upset or embarrassed.20.He is a man of straightforward speech, _________ has no intention of hurting others.21.The reason ______ he was late for the class was that he overslept.22.This is the factory＿＿＿his father works.23.This is the factory＿＿＿his father built.24.The way ＿＿＿he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.25.The way ＿＿＿he told to us was quite simple.26.A statue is a large sculpture of a person or an animal, ________is made of stone or metal.27.We should try to live in harmony with wild animals, _________ are humans’ friends.28.The custom has come down to us from our ancestors, ________ developed it a long time ago.29.Put this item of furniture in an unimportant position in the house, ________it won't get in the way.30.A goat is a farm animal or a wild animal______ is about the size of a sheep, while a lamb is a young sheep.31.Have you seen the newly released film, ___________ leading actor is world famous?32.It is vital to learn to use these software programmes, both _____________ can help you with evaluation.33.York, ___________ I visited last year, is a nice city.34.“A Brief History of Time”, __________ is a best-selling book, is written by Stephen Hawking.35.___________ is reported in the newspaper. talks between the two countries are making progress.36.A kindergarten is a school for very young children, ________ they learn things by playing.37.Handwriting is something ________is done with a pen or pencil, not printed or typed.38.Someone __________is fluent in a particular language can speak the language easily and correctly.39.The linguist says that people _______ speak with accents are different to communicate with.40.That is the only reason ________we cooperate with them in this area.。
译林 牛津版高中英语必修一 Unit3 Grammar---非限制性定语从句讲解教学课件 (共40张PPT)
3. Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad. which
4. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessmen. whom
Whom √
指物 在非限制性定语从句 中的作用
主语 宾语
宾语
Which 指代整个主句 √
主语 宾语
whose √
√
定语
关系副词(where, when)的指代关系
指地点 指时间 在定语从句中的作用
Where √
When
介词+which
√
地点状语 时间状语
Tip that, why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。要 用 for which代替why。
Discussion
Differences between the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses.
Look at the following examples and tell the differences between the sentences.
非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。 要用for which代替why
Practice
1. Xi’an,w_h_i_c_h__ I visited last year, is a nice
old city.
2. He will come to see me next July, _w_h__e_n he
Grammar(定语从句prep+whomwhich)
11.China has many rivers,____the Changjiang River C is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which 12.This is the very knife_____I used to cut apples D yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with which 13.The speed____which you drive your car mustn’t at too high. 14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_____ of which is bright and nice. 15.The little girl is reading a book,_____which there in are many pictures. 16.What were the things_______which he was not too sure? about
Competition
介词加关系代词的基本用法
whom you shook hands just •The man with __________ now is our headmaster. in which my family live used to •The room __________ be a garage. which I wrote just •Did you find the penwith _________ now? which I wrote my •Did you find the paperon ________ letter? •Did you find the composition which ______ I wrote just now?
最新牛津高中英语模块一Unit+1+Grammar+定语从句讲解学习资料
英语单词词性缩写
❖art =article 冠词的缩写 ❖num =numeral 数词的缩写 ❖int = interjection感叹词，的缩写 ❖U= uncountable noun不可数名词的缩写 ❖c = countable noun可数名词的缩写 ❖pl =plural 复数的缩写 ❖int. 语气词 ❖abbr. 缩写词
牛津高中英语模块一 Unit+1+Grammar+定语
从句讲解
英语单词词性缩写
❖prep = preposition 介词 ❖pron =pronoun 代名词，也可叫代词 ❖n =noun 名词 ❖v = verb动词，兼指及物动词和不及物动词 ❖conj = conjunction连接词，也叫连词 ❖vi = intransitive verb不及物动词的缩写 ❖vt = transitive verb及物动词的缩写 ❖aux.v = auxiliary助动词的缩写 ❖adj = 形容词，adjective的缩写 ，也有写成 a ❖ adv=adverb的副词的缩写，也有写成ad
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英语基本句型
❖主语+系动词+表语 The boy looks healthy. (那个男孩看起来很健康)
❖ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 What made you angry. （什么是你生气）
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Tips (温馨提示)
❖ 宾语的含义：宾语，又称为受词，指一个动 作的接受者。宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语 。直接宾语是动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明 动作的非直接，但受动作的影响的对象。
e.g. Rose is the person(whom/who) you should look after. 萝丝是你应该照顾的人。
高中英语牛津译林版必修三UNIT1GRAMMAR课件-
things
Conclusion
which/that people/thing subject/object
Conclusion
Relative pronouns used in attributive clauses
第三关 Pratice
一. 用关系代词填空
1.The girl __w_h_o_/_th_a_t__is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.
7. I used to study in a classroom ___w__h_o_s_e____windows were all broken.
试着找出下列句中的先行词，引导词和定语从句
1. The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves. 2. The students whom we saw just now are the best runners in our school. 3. She has a brother whose name I can’t remember. 4. The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.
In attributive clauses ,the antecedent is
as Attribute， we use whose to refer to
________.
people/t
hing
Conclusion
whose people/thing attribute
Paul is an American _w_h_o__s_efull name is Paul William Walker IV. He was affected by his mothewr_h_o__/t_h_a_t__ was a model. Later he became an actor
Unit4Grammarandusage关系副词引导的限制性定语从句课件高中英语牛津译林版(2020
02
Exploring the rules
Exploring the rules
P48 A
Underline the restrictive relative clauses.
when
1. ① The house _w__h_e_r_e_/i_n_w__h_ic_h__ she once lived is still there. ② The house(_th_a_t_/_w_h_i_c_h_)_ she bought is in the city center. ③ The house _w__h_o_s_e__ roof is red belongs to me. ④ The house _t_h_a_t/_w_h_i_c_h__ is under repair belongs to my uncle.
Pay attention to the functions of the relative words.
Rules:
关系代词和关系副词的正确运用： 要想为定语从句确定一个关系词，首先要找出被定语
从句修饰的_先__行__词____，然后再分析
定语从句的成分。若定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表
语或定语，则选用__关__系__代__词____。若定语从句中不缺
关系副词的作用： ①引导：连接定语从句和主句，位于从句前，先行词后 ②指代：在定从中指代先行词，相当于：介词+which
③成分：在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语(而非主语、宾语或定语,或不需宾语)
This is the year when/in which Michelle Yeoh made history by
定语从句
牛津高中英语－模块一定语从句及反义疑问句一定语从句：定语从句的介绍1. 就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样，定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词： The green team 介词短语：The team in green定语从句：The team who were wearing green2. 定语从句通常由关系代词来引导，如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导，如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如：做主语The trees which/that are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.关系词:关系代词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语的成分that 做主语、宾语、表语，指代人、物which做主语、宾语，指代物This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.who 做主语、宾语，指代人I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UKwhom做宾语，指代人I don’t know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computer room the other day. whose 做定语，指代人、物I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.关系副词在句子中做状语成分where 地点状语This is the church where they get marriedwhen 时间状语I will never forget the days when I worked with Helen in that factory.why 原因状语This is the reason why he left school early.定语从句用关系代词or关系副词？Step 1. 确定先行词的性质（人、物）Step 2. 看从句中的句子成分是否完整。
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When did you come here?
When did you come here?
When did you come here?
When did you come here?
As adverbial The school is in Shenzhen. He studied in the school.
The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.
that which who whom whose
as where when why
关系代词及关系副词的用法
指代内容 人；物
物 人 人
(人/物)的 人，物
所做成分
主,宾，表 主语,宾 主语,宾语
宾语 定语 主,宾，表
是否可省略
作宾语可省 语
不可省
时间
状语
不可省
原因
状语
不可省
Practice
1.The man w__h_o_/_t_h_a_t_stands there is Tom. 2.The girl (_w__h_o_m__/_t_h_a_t)_I met is Ms Li. 3.The boy _w__h_o_s_e__watch was lost is Tom. 4.The bookw__h_ic_h_/_th__a_t lies on the desk is his. 5.The pen(_w_h_i_c_h_/_t_h_a_t_)you bought is good. 6.The magazine _w__h_o_s_e__cover is red is
Relatives
The attributive clauses are usually introduced by relatives pronouns: which, that, who, whom，as , whose relative adverbs: where, why,when.
Functions
Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be. As attribute She has a brother. I can’t remember his name.
She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.
I came here on Sept. 25, 2008.
I was sent into the sky on Sept. 25, 2008.
It was that day _w__h_e_n_ I was sent into the sky.
Where do you work and live?
Space capsule is a place _w_h_e_r_e_ an astronaut works and lives.
Introduction An attributive clause modifies a noun in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does. The noun it modifies is called an antecedent.
The boy who is smiling is Tom.
The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.
The woman who can speak Russian got the job.
As object The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
Harry Potter a brave boy
a boy with glasses
a boy who is brave and wearing glasses
Attributive 定语
(用来修饰名词的成分)
Who are you?
Who are you?
Who are you?
Who are you?
I am an astronaut.
An astronaut is a person. He works and travels in space.
An astronaut is a person.wHheo works and travels in space.
How did you come here?
Where do you work and live?
Where do you work and live?
Where do you work and live?
It is a space capsule.
space capsule
I work and live in a space capsule.
In the attributive clauses the relative words usually function as the: subject, object, predicative, attribute, adverbial
As subject The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
The man (who) everyone likes is kind.
The woman got the job. We saw her in the street.
The woman (whom) we saw in the street got the job.
As predicative Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy.
How did you come here?
How did you come here?
How did you come here?
I was sent into the sky by a space craft.
A space craft is a vehicle (运载工具). It can travel in space.