托福作文常用长难句

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托福长难句100句(一)

句子1In a countercurrent exchange system,the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels;thus,the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.【难点解析】本句的难点在于复杂的后置定语干扰了阅读，给我们理解句子带来了影响。

在这个句子中就是现在分词短语carrying cooled blood…做了后置定语，造成了主语the blood vessels 和谓语run被分割，后面接着出现了另一个the blood vessels carrying warm blood……，进一步加大了理解难度，让我们一时无法理清句子结构。

找到这种后置定语，划分句子主干的时候直接忽视这种修饰性成分，句子的主要信息就变得非常清晰：In a countercurrent exchange system,the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers[定语]run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body[定语]to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels;thus,the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.完成了句子主干划分之后，根据汉语的表述顺序，将后置定语往前放，这样整个句子的意思就出来了。

托福长难句120句解析

托福长难句120句解析一、句子解析1. The professor's lecture was so convoluted that it was difficult for the students to follow.解析：这个句子中，convoluted意为“复杂的”，表示教授的讲座内容非常复杂，以至于学生很难理解和跟随。

2. Despite her extensive preparation, she struggled with the difficult questions on the exam.解析：这个句子中，despite意为“尽管”，表示尽管她做了大量的准备工作，但仍然在考试中遇到了困难的问题。

3. The author uses a series of rhetorical questions to engage the reader and provoke thought.解析：这个句子中，rhetorical questions意为“修辞性问题”，表示作者使用了一系列的修辞性问题来吸引读者并引发思考。

4. The government's decision to increase taxes was met with widespread opposition from the public.解析：这个句子中，met with意为“遭遇”，表示政府增税的决定受到了公众的广泛反对。

5. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work.解析：这个句子中，has the potential to意为“有潜力”，表示新技术有潜力彻底改变我们的生活和工作方式。

6. The company's profits have plummeted as a result of the economic downturn.解析：这个句子中，plummeted意为“暴跌”，表示由于经济衰退，公司的利润暴跌。

托福长难句

5 1．What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective观点，远景that makes these conditions seem foolish，harmful or affected．他们所做的是从一个角度看熟悉的条件，这些条件看起来是愚蠢的，有害的或者是易受影响的。

52.Satire jars US讽刺作品使我们out of complacence满足，自满into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly无条件的accept are false．讽刺作品使我们不再自满并且愉快的惊叹，我们毫无疑问的接受的价值是错误的。

53．With spontaneous自然地irreverence不敬，satire rearranges重新整理perspectives观点．scrambles争夺familiar objects into incongruous不协调的juxtaposition并列and speaks in a personal idiom习语instead of abstract platitude陈词滥调．与自然地不敬、讽刺重新整理观点.争夺将熟悉的事物矛盾地并置和讲个人的习语而不是采用抽象的陈词滥调来表达。

54．It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus，an irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing v.说教, and foolish philosophy．它的存在是因为读者欣赏使人感到新鲜的刺激，无礼的提醒他们生活的世界里充满了陈腐的思想,廉价的说教,和愚蠢的哲学。

托福100长难句(中文部分)

参考译文1. 美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. 人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。

4. 由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. 任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. 一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

7. 简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。

8. 随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。

9. 诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。

10. 膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

11. 酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。

12. Billie Holiday’s 作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。

13. 理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。

14. 儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

15. 受当代灌溉（技术设施）之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。

16. 机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。

17. 人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。

18. 真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。

19. 音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。

20. 虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。

21. 用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。

托福写作长难句

托福写作长难句1. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun –as an actor might.戴着面具身着盛装的人们，经常扮演各种其他人物、动物或超自然生灵，并且作为一个扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临，阳光的重现的结果。

2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.但是这些事实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的问题，就是为什么在一个特殊的靠近他们出生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。

3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capableof myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.十九世纪一系列持续的机械进步，包括踏板的传入、金属结构的完善和钢丝最完美的质量，最后产生了一种能容纳无数音调-从最精致的和弦到一个成熟管弦的声音或从一个清澈的歌声到辉煌的敲击乐的效果-的乐器。

托福长难句(完整版)

Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.”（OG-Applied arts and fine arts）长难句类型：抽象词难度：3语法分析：Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.”译文：尽管现在我们倾向于根据工艺品的制造材料——比如黏土、玻璃、木头、纤维以及金属——对他们进行分类，但根据工艺品的功能进行分类（这一做法）在过去曾经很流行，（这一做法）导致了这些工艺品被称作“实用艺术”。

解释：这句话的前半句，也就是让步的部分并不难，难就难在后面的转折部分，it是形式主语，真正的主语是“to think of crafts in terms of function”这一做法，而后面which引导的定语从句也正是修饰前面的“to think of crafts in terms of function”这一做法，这句话是全文的第一句，事实上作者是在做一个背景导入，根据这句话，我们可知，下面要讲的就“是实用艺术”。

【托福阅读】精选阅读真题长难句50句

【托福阅读】精选阅读真题长难句50句1、 Later experiments in which researchers played recordings of songs to youngbirds showed just how precise this influence was, many of them would learnthe exact pattern of the recording they had heard.2、 The crude song of a bird reared in isolation gives some clues as to what thisrough idea may be the length, the frequency range and the breaking up intonotes are all aspects of chaffinch song shared between normal birds andthose reared in isolation.3、 Whatever the nature of the learning rules in a particular species, there is nodoubt that they are effective, it is very unusual to hear a wild bird singing asong which is not typical of its own species despite the many different songswhich often occur in a small patch of woodland.4、 Chemical analysis of bones enables archaeologists to determine theproportion of meat to vegetable foods in the diet by measuring the proportionof calcium to strontium in ancient bone because strontium in place of calciumin bones comes primarily from ingested plants.5、 Each dwelling had a different arrangement of the giant bones, which camefrom the skeletons of long-dead animals retrieved from the surrounding areaby occupants of the site, not from animals they had recently hunted.6、 In a precedent-setting decision, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commissionordered the dam removed after concluding that the environmental andeconomic benefits of a free-flowing river outweighed the electricity generatedby the dam.7、 Built nearly a century ago to provide power to lumber and paper mills in thetown of Port Angeles, these dams blocked access to upstream spawning bedsfor six species of salmon on what once was one of the most productivesalmon rivers in the world.8、 The Hetch Hetchy Dam in Yosemite National Park might be taken down toreveal what John Muir, the founder of the prestigious environmentalorganization Sierra Club, called a valley “just as beautiful and worthy ofpreservation as the maj estic Yosemite.”9、 A chance collision between two comets, or the gravitational influence of oneof the Jovian planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—mayoccasionally alter the orbit of a comet in these regions enough to send it tothe inner solar system and into our view.10、 These comets appear to be distributed in all directions from the Sun, forminga spherical shell around the solar system, called the Oort cloud, after theDutch astronomer Jan Oort.11、 After the arrival of hunter-gatherers in the southwestern region of NorthAmerica, several alternative types of agriculture emerged, all involvingdifferent solutions to the Southwest’s fundamental problem: how to obtainenough water to grow crops in an environment in which rainfall is so low andunpredictable that little or no farming is practiced there today.12、 That fate actually befell the Mimbres, who started by farming the floodplainand then began to farm adjacent land above the floodplain as their population ca me to exceed the floodplain’s capacity to support it.13、 However, when drought conditions returned, that gamble left them with apopulation double what the floodplain could support, and Mimbres societycollapsed suddenly under the stress.14、 One more strategy was to plant crops at many sites even though rainfall waslocally unpredictable and then to harvest crops at whichever sites did getenough rain to produce a good harvest and to redistribute some of theharvest to the people still living at all the sites that did not happen to receiveenough rain that year.15、 Sanitation problems caused by larger, more sedentary populations wouldhave helped transmit diseases in human waste, as would the use of animaldung for fertilizer.16、 The increase in many of these came not only from the fact that fewer peoplewere dying from infectious disease and were living longer but also from theresults of modern lifestyles in developed countries and among the upperclasses of developing countries – a more sedentary life leading to lessphysical activity, more stress; environmental pollution, andhigh-fat diets.17、 This evolution may have been encouraged by what some authorities considerour overuse of antibiotics, giving microorganisms a greater chance to evolveresistance by exposing them to a constant barrage of selective challenges.18、 Therefore, on many reefs it is the fast-growing, branching corals thatultimately dominate at the upper, shallower portion of the reef, whereasmore massive forms dominate in deeper areas.19、 The fact that almost all small invertebrates on reefs are so well hidden orhighly camouflaged is another indicator of how prevalent predation is onreefs and its importance in determining reef structure.20、 Finally, they need reliable methods of storage because, where plant foodscannot provide a dietary safety net, planning has to be precise and detailedto ensure that there is enough to tide them over in periods of shortage.21、 Coins also provide a valuable source of written records: they can revealinformation about the location where they are found, which can provideevidence about trade practices there, and their inscriptions can beinformative about the issuing authority, whether they werecity-states (as inancient Greece) or sole rulers (as in Imperial Rome or in the kingdoms ofmedieval Europe).22、 The great risk with historical records is that they can impose their ownperspective so that they begin not only to supply the answers to ourquestions but subtly to determine the nature of those questions and even ourconcepts and terminology.23、 Not all botanists agree with an African-South American center for theevolution and dispersal of the angiosperms, pointing out that many of themost primitive forms of flowering plants are found in the South Pacific,including portions of Fiji, New Caledonia, New Guinea, eastern Australia, andthe Malay Archipelago.24、 To elaborate, before the eighth century, the elite marriage practice, whichwas an important instrument of political alliance making, had encouragedrulers to maintain multiple palaces: that of their own family and those of theirspouses, who commonly remained at or near their native family headquarters,at least for some years after marriage.25、 Nearly five billion years ago, some external influence, such asa shock wavetraveling from a catastrophic explosion (supernova), may have triggered thecollapse of this huge cloud of gases and minute grains of heavier elements,causing the cloud to begin to slowly contract due to the gravitationalinteractions among its particles.26、 Nearly five billion years ago, some external influence, such asa shock wavetraveling from a catastrophic explosion (supernova), may have triggered thecollapse of this huge cloud of gases and minute grains of heavier elements,causing the cloud to begin to slowly contract due to the gravitationalinteractions among its particles.27、 Steady overseas demand for colonial products created a prosperity thatenabled colonists to consume ever-larger amounts not only of clothing but ofdishware, home furnishings, tea, and a range of other items both produced inBritain and imported by British and colonial merchants from elsewhere.28、 Such materials as iron and nickel and the elements of which the rock-formingminerals are composed—silicon, calcium, sodium, and so forth—formedmetallic and rocky clumps that orbited the Sun.29、 This act was intended less to raise revenue than to serve as a protective tariff(tax) that would benefit British West Indian sugar producers at the expenseof their French rivals.30、 Parliament used British tax money to pay modest incentives to Americansproducing such items as silk, iron, dyes, hemp, and lumber, which Britainwould otherwise have had to import from other countries, and it raised theprice of commercial rivals’ imports by imposing protective tariffs on them.31、 The concept of chromatic adaptation was proposed in 1883; and thehypothesis was accepted for about 100 years, until it was realized that suchzonation did not necessarily occur and that the distribution of seaweedsdepended more on herbivory (the consumption of plant material),competition, varying concentration of the specialized pigments, and the abilityof seaweeds to alter their forms of growth.32、First, demand for news increased as Europe’s commercial and politicalinterests spread around the globe—merchants in London, Liverpool, orGlasgow, for example, came to depend on early news of Caribbean harvestsand gains and losses in colonial wars.33、 Industries with high concentrations of employment in urban areas, where aworker’s change of employer does not necessarily require investing in achange of residence, appear to have higher rates of job turnover thanindustries concentrated in nonmetropolitan areas do.34、 Some researchers, for example, have argued that a particular kind of pottery,called Ramey incised (which is incised with figures of eyes, fish, arrows, andabstract objects and was used by the people in the area of present-dayMissouri and Illinois at about A.D 900), was primarily used to distribute foodbut was also used to communicate the idea that the society’s elite, for whomthe pots were made, were mediators of cosmic forces.35、 There are several limiting factors, but results from a recent experimentsuggest that in areas of the ocean where other nutrients are plentiful, ironmay be one of the most important and, until recently, unrecognized variablescontrolling phytoplankton production.36、 In 1894, C. Lloyd Morgan, an early comparative behaviorist, insisted thatanimal behavior be explained as simply as possible without reference toemotions or motivations since these could not be observed or measured.37、 Assuming that in the early 1770s at least half of the demand for grain fromfarmers with surpluses was satisfied through long-distance channels, theproportion of grain produced for consumption beyond the local marketprobably accounted for about a quarter of total grain production consumedby humans.38、Sea turtles’ eggs are laid at night to minimize the likelihood of their discoveryby predators, and the offspring, when ready to emerge from their eggshellsand dig their way out of the sand, hatch at night for the same reason.39、 In short, therefore, the site Memphis offered the rulers of the Early DynasticPeriod an ideal location for controlling internal trade within their realm, anessential requirement for a state-directed economy that depended on themovement of goods.40、 In particular, research has focused on determining why such an apparentlyinhospitable place as Chaco, which today is extremely arid and has very shortgrowing seasons, should have favored the concentration of labor that musthave been required for such massive construction projects over brief periodsof time.41、 In one case, seeds of the arctic lupine, a member of the pea family recoveredfrom ancient lemming burrows in the Arctic, germinated in three days eventhough they were carbon-dated at more than 10,000years old!42、 In fact, unpredictability is probably a greater problem than is the severity ofthe unfavorable period.43、 Similar reasoning suggested that one could estimate total elapsed geologictime by dividing the average thickness of sediment transported annually tothe oceans into the total thickness of sedimentary rock that had ever beendeposited in the past.44、 The process that marine creatures use to create light is like that of thecommon firefly and similar to that which creates the luminous green colorseen in plastic glow sticks, often used as children’s toys or for illuminationduring nighttime events.45、 But its appearance under a microscope is even more spectacular, the livingcopepod appears as if constructed of delicately handcrafted, multicoloredpieces of stained glass.46、 Cleared lands would more likely have been worked by hand tilling, with littledirect help from animals, and the vast forests natural to Northern Europeremained either untouched, or perhaps cleared in small sections by fire, andthe land probably used only so long as the ash-enriched soil yielded goodcrops and then abandoned for some other similarly cleared field.47、 Because nests at the edges of breeding colonies are more vulnerable topredators than those in the centers, the preference for advantageous centralsites promotes dense centralized packing of nests.48、 In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenthcentury, one cannot really use the term “urban planning,” as it suggestsmodern concerns for spatial and service organization which, in most instances,did not exist before the planning revolution called the City BeautifulMovement that began in the 1890s.49、 There the limits that topography imposed on production have been tightenedby climate, with the result that agricultural output has been more modest andless reliable, making the risk of crop failure and hardship commensuratelygreater.50、 Because liquid water was present, self-replicating molecules of carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen developed life early in Earth’s history and haveradically modified its surface, blanketing huge parts of the continents withgreenery.。

托福作文常用长难句总结之插入语

托福作文常用长难句：一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。

它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。

1 To start with; to sum up（总之）; to be sure;2 to some extent（在某种程度上）; to some degree（在某种程度上）1 悲哀啊……。

讽刺啊……。

为时不晚啊……。

sadly，…….; Ironically,…… Be lately，……Eg: Sadly, our environment is destroyed so far; ironically, we still do whatever we want to waste natural resources with little consciousness of protection. Be lately, we should propose certain solutions to solve the problem.2 表递进：and then, and next, besides（另外）,3 表因此：therefore，hence（因此），thus，accordingly，consequently（结果）4 （主语）绝不应该总是做B而不考虑A；否则，（主语）最终将不能实现C了。

托福100句长难句解析

1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。

Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。

句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

新托福阅读长难句120句( 译文)讲解

新托福阅读长难句50句（分析+译文）1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。

分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。

句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after theSecond World War is the country's impressive population growth．(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

托福长难句100句 (1)

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toefl长难句200例精讲与精练

Toefl长难句200例精讲与精练导言托福（T OE FL）考试中，长难句是阅读和听力部分常见的难点之一。

掌握长难句的解读和运用对于备考者来说至关重要。

本文将提供200个精选的长难句例题，并进行深入解析和练习，帮助考生更好地掌握托福长难句。

第一部分：例题解析1.1长难句例题1高考英语试卷中，“I t is+被强调部分+th a t/wh o+其他部分”的句型非常常见。

请分析下面这个例句：>I ti st he sh ee rs cal e of th eI nt er ne t's i nf lu en ce th at mak e si ts or e ma rk ab le.这个句子的主干是“t he sh ee rs ca le of t he In te rn et's inf l ue nc e”，而主语是整个句子的强调部分。

1.2长难句例题2在阅读中，遇到由一个“主语从句”和一个“宾语从句”组成的句子结构时，要注意从属连词的引导和从句中的主谓一致。

请分析下面这个例句：>I ti si mp or ta nt tha t st ud en ts un de rst a nd th ei mp or ta nce o ft im em a na ge me nt if th eyw a nt to su cc ee d.这个句子的主句是“I t is im po rt an t”，从句是“t ha ts tu de nt su nd e rs ta nd th ei mp ort a nc eo ft im em an age m en ti ft he y wa nt to su cc ee d”，注意从句中的主谓一致现象。

1.3长难句例题3有时候，长难句会通过添加让步状语从句来增加句子的复杂度和意义。

请分析下面这个例句：>D es pi te be in gt ire d,I de ci de dt og ofo r ar un.这个句子中，“D esp i t e be in gt ir ed”是一个让步状语从句，它表达了尽管疲倦，但我还是决定去跑步的意思。

托福长难句

托福长难句第一类1.The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale,wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope,2.In lowland country almost any spot on the ground mayoverlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; is they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.3.But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, whichmeasures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them.4.If the pores large, the water in them will exist as drops tooheavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but is the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.5.But the myths that have grown up around the rites maycontinue as partof the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.6.Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests thathumans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those which encountered in daily life.7.For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance ofthe comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group.8.Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting thatthese have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose theirleaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline.9.This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upperlatitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys.10.A s the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, treestend to attain greater height on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there.11.W ind velocity also increases with altitude and may causeserious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitude.12.S ome scientists have proposed that the presence ofincreasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contribution factor.13.P robably the most important environmental factor istemperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperature are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.14.I mmediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists ofa fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, andgrasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.15.I n order for the structure to achieve the size and strengthnecessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methodsof support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them-even while building materials have changed dramatically.16.S ome of the world’s finest stone architecture can be seen inthe ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the eastern Andes Mountains of Peru.17.I t works in compression to divert the weight above it out tothe side, where the weight is borne by the vertical elements on either side of the arch.18.T he Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underliessome 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota.19.U nfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any ofthese schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international markets.20.W hatever the final answer to the water crisis may be, it isevident that within the High Plains, irrigation water will never again be the abundant inexpensive resource it was during the agricultural boom years of the mid-twentieth century.21.T o take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by asingle crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy the entire crop.22.E cologists are especially interested to know what factorscontribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities.23.T he destruction causes by the colonic explosion of Mount St.Helens, in the northwestern United Stated, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans.24.M any ecologists now think that the relative long-termstability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness”of the environment, an environment that is uniform.25.S imilarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy ongrowing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction.26.A t the other extreme are “competitors,” almost all of whoseresources are invested in building a huge body, with a bare minimum allocated to reproduction.27.A new plant will spring up wherever a seed falls on a suitablesoil surface, but because they do not build big bodies, theycannot compete with other plants for space, water, or sunlight.28.T hese plants are termed opportunists because they rely ontheir seed’s falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy.29.A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more,outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil.30.H uman landscapes of lawns, fields, or flowerbeds providesetting with bare soil and a lack of competitors that are perfect habitats for colonization by opportunists.31.I t should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or purecompetitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.32.B ecause so paintings were made directly over others,obliterating them, it is probable that a painting’s value ended with the migration it pictured.33.O ne Lascaux narrative picture, which shows a man with abirdlike head and a wounded animal, would seem to lendcredence to this third opinion, but there is still much that remains unexplained.34.P erhaps so much time has passed that there will never besatisfactory answers to the cave images, but their mystique only adds to their importance.35.I n 1994 there were neatly 20,000 wind turbines worldwide,most grouped in clusters called wind farms that collectively produced 3,000 megawatts of electricity.36.M ost were in Denmark (which got 3 percent of its electricityfrom wind turbines) and California (where 17,000 machines produced 1 percent of the states’ electricity, enough to meet the residential needs of a city as large as San Francisco.37.I n the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remoteareas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. 38.L arge wind farms might also interfere with the flight patternsof migratory birds in certain areas, and they have killed large birds of prey (especially hawks, falcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines.39.D avid Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s,found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fortduring the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832.40.T he researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identifiedthree principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrance; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of cave; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.41.P erhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithicmen and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, and if that were indeed their belif, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.42.F or example, wild cattle and horse are portrayed more oftenthan we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier than other animals in the environment. 43.C onsistent with this idea, according to the investigators, isthe fact that the art of the culture period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food.44.。

托福长难句100句

托福长难句100句1.Totally without light and subjected tointense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，thedeep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in someways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置insome ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。

Totally without light and subjected tointense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 原因状语the deep—ocean bottom is a hostileenvironment to humans 主句in some ways as forbidding and remote asthe void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。

句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

2.Basic to any understanding of Canadain the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressivepopulation growth．(倒装结构Basicto any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

托福作文常用长难句

作文常用长难句：／be 动词—情态动词（could、should）＼助动词（do、did、does）否定意义的副词：never/nor /neither/nowhere半否定意义的副词：seldom、rarely（很少、不常）/ hardly、barely（几乎不）/ Little、scarcely（简直没有）介词短语：by no means/ in no case/ on no account/ in no way/ On no condition/ under no circumstance (绝不)否定连词：not only……but also……（不仅…而且）1大部分不支持B，我也是Most people do not side with B（incline towards B），and neither do I.2 主语不能做成……，除非主语去做……Seldom could 主语do……without doing……Eg.: Seldom could government assert public figure without investing money on basic needs.3 我们绝不可能做好A，除非考虑到BOn no condition do I think that we could do A without concerning doing BEg: On no condition do I think that we could reduce the traffic congestion without concerning taking advantage of the public transportation.4 X不仅能……，而且能……，还能够……。

Not only can 主语do(动词原形)……, but also 主语can do……，and can do……Eg: Spending time with friends or family hiking or having a picnic when you snatch a little leisure from the busy life, not only can contribute to a better health condition, but also can make us remember what the true meaning of life is. (正常语序)Eg: Not only can we maintain a well-balanced healthy diet, but also we can get far away from the cardiovascular disease and obesity, and can let us enjoy the warmth of family reunion.(倒装语序)Only 置于句首的有条件倒装Only + 状语／介词短语+ 助动词+ 主语+ 动词原形＼When 引导的从句1在这样的情况下，只有我们做A……我们才能……Only under special circumstance when we choose A(to do A) could we ……Eg: Only under special circumstance when we choose to replace fossil fuels with cleaner fuels could we tackle the traffic and pollution problem.2我们应该做……,只有用这种方式才能……We should do……，only in this way could 主语do ……（They would not do ……，only in this way could 主语……）Eg; we should replace fossil fuels with cleaner fuels, only in this way could wetackle the traffic and pollution problem.3 他们的观点……是那么片面，我们的观点……却很合理So simplistic was their view that +(同位语/ 坏结果)……；such was may be a reasonable perspective that+ (同位语/ 好结果)Eg; So simplistic was their view that higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers in the long run, because this policy would also affect the cost of public transport; such was may be a reasonable perspective that electric cars could be both quieter and cleaner to use.4 不得不承认的是，选择A，在一定程度上来说会带来小坏。

托福长难句120句解析

托福长难句120句解析1. 英语中的长难句往往给学习者带来困惑和挑战。

2. 本文将为大家解析120个托福长难句，帮助大家更好地理解和应对这些句子结构复杂的句子。

3. 第一句：Although he had studied hard, he still failed the test.4. 这个句子是一个典型的虽然...但是...的结构，虽然他努力学习，但仍然没有通过考试。

5. 这种结构在托福阅读和听力中经常出现，所以我们要注意理解和运用这种句子结构。

6. 第二句：Not only did he win the competition, but he also broke the record.7. 这个句子是一个典型的不仅...而且...的结构，他不仅赢得了比赛，而且还打破了纪录。

8. 在托福写作和口语中，我们也可以使用这种结构来增强句子的表达能力。

9. 第三句：It was not until midnight that he finished his work.10. 这个句子是一个典型的直到...才...的结构，直到午夜他才完成了工作。

11. 这种结构在托福考试中经常出现，所以我们要熟悉并运用这种句子结构。

12. 第四句：The more books you read, the more knowledge you will gain.13. 这个句子是一个典型的越...越...的结构，你读的书越多，你就会获得越多的知识。

14. 在托福阅读和写作中，我们可以使用这种结构来增强句子的比较和对比效果。

15. 第五句：Despite the rain, they still went hiking in the mountains.16. 这个句子是一个典型的尽管...但是...的结构，尽管下雨，他们仍然去爬山。

17. 这种结构在托福听力和口语中经常出现，所以我们要注意理解和运用这种句子结构。

18. 第六句：As the saying goes, "Practice makes perfect."19. 这个句子是一个典型的正如谚语所说，"熟能生巧"。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析汇总

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析汇总想要攻略托福阅读，需要积累大量的实际分析和应对长难句的阅历，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：农业在世界不同地区消失原句案例：Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival.结构划分：Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently (in several different areas of the world) (when small communities, (driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources), began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival).深度分析：这个句子的主干是：Many prehistorians believe that从句从句中的主干是：farming may have emerged dependently修饰一：(in several different areas of the world)，介词短语中文：在世界几个不同地区修饰二：(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词修饰small communities中文：迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源削减修饰三：(when small communities began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival)，从句请大家留意此处的断句问题。

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Admittedly, choosing A, to some extent, would lead to A的小坏 Admittedly, to some extent would choosing A result in A的小坏1 是A……，是A……，还是A……It is/ was A that……；it was such aspect that ……，and it was A that……，as well/ also.Eg: It is our parents that teach us simple skills and common sense of the world; it is such aspect that enlighten us what role we will play in our future, and it is parents that let us know how to use love and responsibility in the realistic society, as well.2 it is only when……that……Eg It is only when the technology is used in a reasonable way that the overall impact of internet-based communication is positive than negative.1 在……中的……例子并不少见。

This sort of example in which A 好does exist in A is not rare.Eg: This sort of example in which schools play a very significant role in educating children does exist in our modern value system is not rare.2然而,这一代似乎还是面临着许多关键时刻,以前无法想象的出。

Eg: However, this generation does seem to be facing many critical moments that were never even imagined in former years.1 To start with; to sum up; to be sure;2 to some extent; in some degree1 悲哀啊……。

讽刺啊……。

为时不晚啊……。

sadly，…….; Ironically,……Be lately，……Eg: Sadly, our environment is destroyed so far; ironically, we still do whatever we want to waste natural resources with little consciousness of protection. Be lately, we should propose certain solutions to solve the problem.2 表递进：and then, and next, besides, more over, further3 表因此：therefore，hence，thus，accordingly，consequently4 （主语）绝不应该总是做B而不考虑A；否则，（主语）最终将不能实现C了。

By no means should 主语ever do B in spite of doing A; otherwise, 主语could not do C, eventually.Eg: By no means should we improve the economy and ensure supply in spite of emphasizing on the sustainable development of environment; otherwise, we could not exist in the world, eventually.1 如果……，那么……provided that……，完整句子……2 尽管B好，A‘更好，所以我们要选择AGranted，B好；even so, A’更好，and therefore, we’d better choose A1 we should do A, reasonable, in my opinion.2 主语，weather A or B, V + O1假设的事与现在事实相反：If 主语+过去时（be动词一律用were），主语+ would （could/might/should）+do 2假设的事与过去事实相反：If 主语+had+过去分词，主语+ would （could/should/might）+have done3假设的事与将来事实相反：If 主语+过去时/should do/were to do，主语+ would (could/should/might)+do注意：1）if从句中绝对不可出现would 2）在条件句中如果出现were, had, should, would,可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装1.在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语+（suggest、order、demand、propose、command、request、desire、insist）+should+动词原形2.It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ required +that +虚拟（should）+do3.suggestion、proposal、order、plan、idea等表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹的名词后用虚拟（should)+do1.It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ a pity/ a shame/ no wonder +动词原形/ have done2.wish后的宾语从句: 与未来愿望不一致：主语+ would （could/ might）+ 原形与现在愿望不一致：主语+过去时/与过去愿望不一致：主语+had + 过去分词3.It's time 句型It's （high）time 后用that从句时应为：主语+should +原形；或主语+过去时4.If only引起的感叹句（用法与wish一致）:要是……多好5.would rather 引导的句子表示过去情况用过去完成时，表示现在/将来的情况用过去时6.as if / as though 引导句子表示过去情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来情况用过去时7.without、but、but for、otherwise 引导的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件（would do/ would have done）变化句子：1、neverNever in the past have we seen this person.2、not onlyNot only do we study abroad for learning skills, but also for a chance to practice ourselves.3、itIt is our greatest wish that we could go abroad and study in a foreign country.4、to doTo help old people is our responsibility.5、there beThere is much pressure on us.6、whatWhat happened is beyond our imagination7、ofOf all destinations, Britain is we have chosen to pursue a foreign education.8、抽象名词The importance of vocabulary is clear to us.。