被动语态.ppt
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英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice) A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Fra Baidu bibliotek
We planted the tree. The tree was planted by us.
注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态
B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
主变被步骤:
1.找宾语: 即动作的承受者(改为主语) 2. 修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词 3. 判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数. 4. 判断动词的时态 : 即be动词的时态. 5. 修改原句的主语 :即by +主语(变宾格).
A. will keep C. will be kept B. has kept D. has been kept
here
【2011山东】7. It’s true that Shakespeare’s play ______ by so many people every year. A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen
•Peking Opera ________ sounds (sound) beautiful.
3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:
•The pen _________ writes (write) very fast. •This kind of sweater _______ sells (sell) well.
【2011北京】1. Many accidents____ by careless drivers last year.
A. are caused
C. have caused
B. were caused
D. will cause
【2011上海】2. An official _____ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday. A. is interviewing B. is interviewed
The windows were broken by her. 3.He cleans the classroom everyday The classroom is cleaned by him everyday.
1. They will finish the work in ten days. The work will be finished (by them) in ten days.
(表示主语的自然属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词： read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, …
The books ____ well． A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold This kind of cloth ____ easily． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed
by them.
(四)被动语态的特殊情况:
1.在主动语态中,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动 词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词 不定式符号to.如: 1) We heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room. 2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school.
[4]. Three bridges ____ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built
现在完成时的被动语态： 主语+have/ has+ been + PP
[5]. Flowers ____ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water
一般现在时的被动语态： 主语+am / is / are + PP
[2]. The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for
一般过去时的被动语态： 主语+was / were + PP
含有情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词 + be + PP
(四)主动语态变被动语态:
(1)把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语; (2)把谓语动词变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根 据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来 主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语， 将主格改为宾格。如：
[3]. More man-made satellites ____ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up
一般将来时的被动语态： 主语+will + be + PP 主语+be going to + be + PP
【2011陕西】5. Driving after drinking wine
in China.
A. allows
C. is allowed
B. doesn't allow
D. isn't allowed
【2011安徽】6. Don't worry. Your package until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
He washed his car yesterday.
is His car was be washed (by him) yesterday. was
1.Tom broke the window.
be动词的单复数变化:
The window was broken by Tom. 2.She broke the windows.
2.They are going to have a show tomorrow. A show is going to be had (by them)
tomorrow.
1. Amy can take good care of the cat ． The cat can be taken good care of by Amy. 2. They should sing some beautiful songs. Some beautiful songs should be sung
watch---watched practice---practiced
2.不规则动词的过去分词： am is have are been had has was were
do go write
done gone written
[1]. Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken
二、被动语态的结构与时态
时态
1、一般现在时
2、一般过去时 3、现在进行时 4、过去进行时 5、现在完成时 6、过去完成时 7、一般将来时
助动词be
am/is/are
was/were am/is/are being was/were being have/has been had /been will/shall be am/is/are going to be
1. 一般现在时：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 2. 一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
3. 现在/过去完成时：has / have/had + been + 及物动词的 过去分词 4. 一般将来时：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
5. 含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 6. 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分 词 歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面
不用被动语态的动词：
1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, … happened •A traffic accident _________(happen) just now. 2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become…
过去分词
played
played played played played played played
8、过去将来时
9、情态动词
would/should be was/were going to be
情态动词+be
played
played
(一)被动语态基本用法:
当句子的主语是动作的执行者 时，谓语的形式是主动语态。 当句子的主语是动作的承受者 时，谓语要用被动语态。被动 语态由助动词be+过去分词构 成，时态通过be表现出来。
We
主语
speak
谓语
English. 主动语态
宾语
English is spoken
by us.
被动语态
主语
谓语
宾语
They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday. 昨天教室被他们打扫了。
六、Exercises
1、Jay sings many famous songs.(被动语态） Many famous songs are sung by Jay. 2、Her mother gave her a new pen.(同义句） A new pen was given to ▲ her by her mother. would finish 3、If he were given (give) one more minute, he (finish) the exam yesterday. 4、The student is made to stand (stand) there for half an hour. ▲ 5、He won’t go to bed until his homework (finish). is finished 6、The heated ice cream scoops (invent) by a man were invented (call) Lanmon. calledsaw a stranger walk into the building. (被动） 7、Someone A stranger walk into the building.
(二)被动语态的基本结构:
be + 过去分词
有各种时态的变化
动词过去分词的变化:
1.规则动词的过去分词：
1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed 2)以不发音e结尾的加-d 3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed study---studied 4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该 stop---stopped 辅音字母，再加-ed
C. was interviewing D. was interviewed
【2011天津】3. Today a lot of information can _____ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving
【2011重庆】4. I’m glad to find that many trees_______ in our city last year. A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted
Fra Baidu bibliotek
We planted the tree. The tree was planted by us.
注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态
B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
主变被步骤:
1.找宾语: 即动作的承受者(改为主语) 2. 修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词 3. 判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数. 4. 判断动词的时态 : 即be动词的时态. 5. 修改原句的主语 :即by +主语(变宾格).
A. will keep C. will be kept B. has kept D. has been kept
here
【2011山东】7. It’s true that Shakespeare’s play ______ by so many people every year. A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen
•Peking Opera ________ sounds (sound) beautiful.
3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:
•The pen _________ writes (write) very fast. •This kind of sweater _______ sells (sell) well.
【2011北京】1. Many accidents____ by careless drivers last year.
A. are caused
C. have caused
B. were caused
D. will cause
【2011上海】2. An official _____ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday. A. is interviewing B. is interviewed
The windows were broken by her. 3.He cleans the classroom everyday The classroom is cleaned by him everyday.
1. They will finish the work in ten days. The work will be finished (by them) in ten days.
(表示主语的自然属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词： read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, …
The books ____ well． A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold This kind of cloth ____ easily． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed
by them.
(四)被动语态的特殊情况:
1.在主动语态中,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动 词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词 不定式符号to.如: 1) We heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room. 2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school.
[4]. Three bridges ____ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built
现在完成时的被动语态： 主语+have/ has+ been + PP
[5]. Flowers ____ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water
一般现在时的被动语态： 主语+am / is / are + PP
[2]. The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for
一般过去时的被动语态： 主语+was / were + PP
含有情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词 + be + PP
(四)主动语态变被动语态:
(1)把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语; (2)把谓语动词变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根 据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来 主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语， 将主格改为宾格。如：
[3]. More man-made satellites ____ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up
一般将来时的被动语态： 主语+will + be + PP 主语+be going to + be + PP
【2011陕西】5. Driving after drinking wine
in China.
A. allows
C. is allowed
B. doesn't allow
D. isn't allowed
【2011安徽】6. Don't worry. Your package until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
He washed his car yesterday.
is His car was be washed (by him) yesterday. was
1.Tom broke the window.
be动词的单复数变化:
The window was broken by Tom. 2.She broke the windows.
2.They are going to have a show tomorrow. A show is going to be had (by them)
tomorrow.
1. Amy can take good care of the cat ． The cat can be taken good care of by Amy. 2. They should sing some beautiful songs. Some beautiful songs should be sung
watch---watched practice---practiced
2.不规则动词的过去分词： am is have are been had has was were
do go write
done gone written
[1]. Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken
二、被动语态的结构与时态
时态
1、一般现在时
2、一般过去时 3、现在进行时 4、过去进行时 5、现在完成时 6、过去完成时 7、一般将来时
助动词be
am/is/are
was/were am/is/are being was/were being have/has been had /been will/shall be am/is/are going to be
1. 一般现在时：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 2. 一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
3. 现在/过去完成时：has / have/had + been + 及物动词的 过去分词 4. 一般将来时：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
5. 含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 6. 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分 词 歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面
不用被动语态的动词：
1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, … happened •A traffic accident _________(happen) just now. 2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become…
过去分词
played
played played played played played played
8、过去将来时
9、情态动词
would/should be was/were going to be
情态动词+be
played
played
(一)被动语态基本用法:
当句子的主语是动作的执行者 时，谓语的形式是主动语态。 当句子的主语是动作的承受者 时，谓语要用被动语态。被动 语态由助动词be+过去分词构 成，时态通过be表现出来。
We
主语
speak
谓语
English. 主动语态
宾语
English is spoken
by us.
被动语态
主语
谓语
宾语
They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday. 昨天教室被他们打扫了。
六、Exercises
1、Jay sings many famous songs.(被动语态） Many famous songs are sung by Jay. 2、Her mother gave her a new pen.(同义句） A new pen was given to ▲ her by her mother. would finish 3、If he were given (give) one more minute, he (finish) the exam yesterday. 4、The student is made to stand (stand) there for half an hour. ▲ 5、He won’t go to bed until his homework (finish). is finished 6、The heated ice cream scoops (invent) by a man were invented (call) Lanmon. calledsaw a stranger walk into the building. (被动） 7、Someone A stranger walk into the building.
(二)被动语态的基本结构:
be + 过去分词
有各种时态的变化
动词过去分词的变化:
1.规则动词的过去分词：
1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed 2)以不发音e结尾的加-d 3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed study---studied 4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该 stop---stopped 辅音字母，再加-ed
C. was interviewing D. was interviewed
【2011天津】3. Today a lot of information can _____ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving
【2011重庆】4. I’m glad to find that many trees_______ in our city last year. A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted