宁波大学244英语(二外)2009—2020年考研真题
(NEW)浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院254二外德语历年考研真题及详解
(10) Sie haben ______ den richtigen Knopf gedrückt. 【答案】auf
(11) Ich kann mich nicht erinnern, ______ meine Tasche liegt. a. dass b. wo c. ob d. wann 【答案】b 【解析】句意：我想不起来我的包在哪儿了。wo在此处引导erinnern 的宾语从句，表示位置，ob“是否”，wann“何时”，句意均不符。
(6) Diese Frau kommt ______ bekannt vor. a. mich b. für mich c. mir d. sich 【答案】c 【解析】句意：我觉得这位女士很熟悉。此处应选三格mir，因为 是“对我来说，我感觉……”的含义。
(7) Ich fahre nach Deutschland, aber meine Freundin fährt ______ Türkei.
(12) Die Sitzung hat ______ gedauert, als wir sie vorher geplant haben. a. lang b. länger c. längst d. am längsten 【答案】b 【解析】句意：会议持续的时间比我们计划的要长。lang表示时间 长短，länger是其比较级。
(7) Die Eltern erwarten viel ______ ihren Kindern. 【答案】von 【解析】这对父母对自己的孩子有很大期待。erwarten ... von jm/einer Sache 固定搭配，“期待（某人/某物）……”。
宁波大学243俄语(二外)2009—2018年考研初试专业课真题试卷
ответить на вопросы, потому что их было очень много.
а. не умел
б. не мог
в. не успел
16.
уважания к своим преподавателям студенты всегда вежливо здороваются с ними.
а. задал
б. передал
в. выдал
14. Ведь любое загрязнение вредно, независимо от того,
оно происходит: в море, на
суше, или в воздухе.
а. куда
б. где
в. что
15. Преподаватель
1. Этот, повесть, рассказывать, о, известный, режиссер, с, который, произойти, неприятный,
история, за, граница.
2. Вера, теперь, чувствовать, себя, здорово, и, сильно, потому что, она, хорошо, отдохнуть,
гости.
а. его
б. еѐ
в. своему
4. Мне кажестя, что мы с вами
раньше встречались.
а. где-нибудь
б. где-то
в. где-либо
5. Прежде чем уехать, мы должны
всѐ, что мы брали в библиотеке нашей школы.
2012~2014年宁波大学外语学院243俄语(二外)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解Часть1：将下列动词变位，写出单数第一、二人称和复数第三人称形式。
（10%）расписаться【答案】расписаться;распишусь;распишешься;распишутсяснять【答案】снять;сниму;снимешь;снимутмыть【答案】мыть;мою;моешь;моютискать【答案】искать;ищу;ищешь;ищутаплодировать【答案】аплодировать;аплодирую;аплодируешь;аплодируютупасть【答案】упасть;упаду;упадешь;упадутвставать【答案】вставать;встаю;встаешь;встаютзабыть【答案】забыть;забуду;забудешь;забудутсдаться【答案】сдаться;сдамся;сдашься;сдадутсязакрыть【答案】закрыть;закрою;закроешь;закроютЧасть2：选择正确答案。
（10%）1.Мыужеустали.Нужно_____остановитьсяиотдохнуть.а.где-тоб.негдев.где-нибудь【答案】a【解析】句意：我们已经累了，需要停在哪儿休息一下。
где-то表示在某个地方，不知道具体是那个地方。
где-нибудь一般用于祈使句、疑问句，感叹句中。
2.Ценаземлинеможетопределятьсястоимостью,_____землянеимеетстоимости.а.такчтоб.постольков.таккак【答案】в【解析】句意：土地不能用价格来衡量，因为土地是无价的。
表原因，所以应该用таккак。
3.Прошловсегодвачасастехпор,_____егоподнялисонногоспостели.а.какб.поканев.если【答案】а【解析】句意：两个小时后，他才从床上昏昏欲睡地爬起来。
宁波大学法语(二外)2009—2020年初试考研真题
1. Mme. Dupont a l’habitude <1> faire des courses <2> matin : elle achète d’abord <3> fromage, <4> viande etc., puis elle va acheter <5> salades, car son mari <6> aime bien.
第1页共3页
宁波大学 2020 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码： 242 总分值： 100 科目名称：
法语（二外）
IV. Remplacez les points par les pronoms relatifs, ajoutez les précédents（先行词）ou les
(mourir)<2>.
III. Tournez les questions et discours suivants en questions indirectes et discours indirects: （4*2.5=10%）（将直接引语改成间接引语） 1. Jacques a dit : “Tu verras demain mon succès. ” 2. Le garçon a demandé à sa mère: “Pourquoi papa s’est promené dans le parc hier? ” 3. Le voyageur a demandé: “Ici, est-ce qu’il neige dehors?” 4. Mon père m’a demandé: “Qu’est-ce que tu as vu au cinéma ?”
宁波大学244英语二外2014-2020年考研专业课真题试卷
illness. In this more complex view, patterns such as depression and generalized anxiety arise as tendencies in the
human brain-body-environment system. 9 the patterns are established, they are hard to change because
Passage One
what
why
how
that
as
but
although
once
though
if
Have you ever heard of a condition known as “general paresis（麻痹性痴呆）of the insane”? Probably
not. In the 19th century general paresis was one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. Its
and emotion develop or 4 they stick around.
Yet the hope remains
5 , much like with general paresis, we may soon discover the root causes of
these illnesses, and this knowledge may tell us 6 to treat them. An example of this hope can be seen in
宁波大学 2020 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
2009考研英语二真题及答案解析
2009考研英语二真题及答案解析【篇一：2009考研英语(二)真题及答案解析】ass=txt>directions：for each numbered blank in the following passage，there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the best one and mark your answer on the answer sheet with a pencil.in1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. by 2008, it had 21 the $100 a barrel mark. the reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and india to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including iraq and nigerias delta region. triple-digit oil prices have 24 the economic and political map of the world, 25 some old notions of power. oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 major importers—including china and india, home to a third of the worlds population 27 rising economic and social costs.managing this new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. countries that need oil are clawing at each other to 29 scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it .in many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, 31 these countries of their best hope for development. and oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, 32 some in the west see as a new threat.countries like russia, venezuela and iran are well supplied with rising oil 33 , a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. but some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. consider germany. 35 it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming russia and the middle east. german exports to russia 36 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.in the united states, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with senators mccain and obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. and driving habits began to 39 ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. a. come b. gone c. crossed d. arrived22. a. covered b. discovered c. arranged d. ranged23. a. intensity b. infinity c. insecurity d. instability24. a. drawn b. redrawn c. retained d. reviewed25. a. fighting b. struggling c. challenging d. threatening26. a. and b. while c. thus d. though27. a. confine b. conflict c. conform d. confront28. a. problem b. question c. matter d. event29. a. look for b. lock up c. send out d. keep off30. a. no matter b. what if c. only if d. in spite of31. a. abolishing b. depriving c. destroying d. eliminating32. a. what b. that c. which d. whom33. a. interests b. taxes c. incomes d. revenues34. a. as many as b. as good as c. as far as d. as well as35. a. although b. because c. since d. as36. a. advanced b. grew c. reduces d. multiplied37. a. even b. still c. rather d. fairly38. a. asking b. requesting c. calling d. demanding39. a. change b. turn c. shift d. transform40. a. for b. from c. across d. overpart iii reading comprehension (40%)direction: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c, and d. you should decide on the best choice. then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a pencil.passage1.heic ibsen ,author of the playa dolls house, in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. from january ist ,2008, all public companies in norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.but about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the governments liking. they will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of february to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in norway were female , according to the centre for corporatediversity .the number has since jumped to 36%. that is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across europe or americas 15% for the fortune 500.norways stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. i am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle, says sverre munck , head of international operations at a media firm. board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,be says. several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in norwegian business circles as the golden skirts. one reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. it has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. recent history in norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. women feel more compelled than men to do their homework, says ms reksten skaugen , who was voted norways chairman of the year for 2007, and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers.41. the author mentions ibsens play in the first paragraph in order to .a. depict womens dilemma at workb. explain the newly passed lawc. support norwegian governmentd. introduce the topic under discussion42. a public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .a. pay a heavy fineb. close down its businessc. change to a private businessd. sign a document promising to act43. to which of the following is sverre munck most likely to agree?a. a set ratio of women in a board is ueasonable.b. a reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.c. a common principle should be followed by all companies.d. an inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.the author attributes the phenomenon of golden skirts to .a. the small number of qualified females in managementb. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesc. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsd. the discrimination toward women in norwegian business circles45. the main idea of the passage might be .a. female power and liberation in norwayb. the significance of heic ibsens playc. womens status in norwegian firmsd. the constitution of board members in norway凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
宁波大学242法语(二外)2009—2020年考研专业课真题
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：242 总分值：100 科目名称：法语(二外)第 1 页共4 页(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：242 总分值：100 科目名称：法语(二外)第 2 页共4 页(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：242 总分值：100 科目名称：法语(二外)第 3 页共4 页(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：242 总分值：100 科目名称：法语(二外)第 4 页共4 页考试科目: 法语（二外）科目代码：242适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学1.Remplacez les points par les mots convenables :（15%）1.Les Chinois aiment ___ thé.2.Pierre, tu sais, tu es professeur et ___ professeur ne devrait pas agir ainsi.3.D’habitude, les Chinois mangent ___ riz.4.Ces dernières années beaucoup d’étudiants chinois vont faire leurs études ___ Etats-Unis.5.Catherine vous croit bien , V ous êtes son ami et vous ne pouvez pas ___ quitter ___ rien dire.6.---Quoi, tu as bu de l’alcool hier soir ? ---Oui, pourquoi pas ? Le docteur ___ permet ___ ___boire.7.Il n’a ___ voiture ___ vélo, bien sûr, il peut seulement y aller ___ pied.8.---Que penses-tu ___ concert de jazz ?---C’était formidable! Les musiciens sont pour la plupart des noirs américains, j’ai même pris des photos.---Montre-___-___ !9.Tu ne les aimes pas, je ___ sais.10.Catherine joue ___ piano.11.Il faut diminuer son influence ___ l’opinion publique, elle ___ est sûre.ment s’appelle le village près _____on construit la nouvelle gare ?13.V oilà l’homme ___ le fils est notre camarade de classe.14.Est-ce que je dois changer ___ train ?---Non, c’est un train direct.15.Il me donne un livre ___m’intéresse.16.Tu n’a pas ___ bicyclette? Prends ___ ___, voilà la clé, je t’attends ici.17.Il y a des bois ___ tour ___ village.18.Je travaille dix heures ___ jour.2.Choisissez le meilleur terme :（15%）quelle des transformations ci-dessous est correcte ?a. oeil→yeuxb. journal→journalsc. madame→madamesd. travail→travailsquelle des transformations ci-dessous est fausse ?a.supérieur→supérieuseb. ancien→anciennec. long→longued. silencieux→silencieuse3.Je n’ai pas ___ idée de celà.a. la plus petiteb. plus petitec. la moindred. Moindre第 1 页共 4 页考试科目: 法语（二外）科目代码：242适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学4.C’est ___ je m’intéresse.a. à quoib. quec. auqueld. qui5.Il y a des cas ___ il remarque ça.a. queb. auxquelsc. oùd. quand6.Un tas de choses ___ il n’a pas d’abord pensé lui viennent à la tête.a. qu’b. ce à quoic. auxquellesd. dont7.Catherine, parle ___ , s’il te plaît !a. plus hauteb. plus grandec. plus hautd. plus grand8.Fais ___ tu veux.a. ce quib. ce quec. qued. quoi9.Il m’a parlé de la nouvelle route ___ la construction était difficile.a. de laquelleb. dontc. qued. où10.Tes fils restent seuls depuis une semaine, ___ !a. pense-yb. penses-yc. penses à euxd. pense à eux11.De la chambre sort un journaliste ___ beaucoup de gens aiment.a. queb. ce quec. quid. ce qui12.---J’ai quelques questions ___ vous poser.---Non, vous devez y répondre vous-même, ___ ce sont vos devoirs.a. à , puisqueb. à , parce quec. de , puisqued. de , parce que13.Ma camarade me raconte le résultat ___ m’étonne bien.a. ce queb. ce quic. qued. qui14.A l’université ___ est intéressant, et les jeunes étudiantes en sont ___ d’accord.a. tous , toutesb. tout , toutesc. tout , tousd. tous , tout15.Faites attention à ces gens, entre ___ il y a quelqu’un ___ dangereux.a. leur , deb. eux , ∕c. leur , ∕d. eux , de第 2 页共 4 页考试科目: 法语（二外）科目代码：242适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学3. Mettez les verbes entre parenthèses au temps et au mode convenables.（18%）1.J’ai parlé à une femme ___ (porter) un enfant.2.Hier il ___ (pleuvoir) toute la journée.3.J’ai appris que le métro était en panne sur la ligne 4 en ___ (lire) le journal d’aujourd’hui.4.Il ne m’aurais pas connu s’il ___ (ne pas voyager) en Chine.5.Si tu lui disais cela, il ___ (comprendre) tout.6.Il ferma le livre, se leva, ___ (sortir)de la chambre.7.Je crains qu’il ___( nous voir).8.Bien que je vous ___(connaître) depuis longtemps, nous avons peu de choses communes.9.Cette jeune fille se leva et s’assit bientôt à la place que l’enfant ____(quitter).10.Après qu’il ___ (parler), nous restâmes silencieux u n long moment, réfléchissant àcequ’il___(dire).11.Si Pierre me donne la cassette, je ___(t’informer).12.Elle vous téléphonera dès qu’elle ___(rentrer).13.Si nous ___(aller) à la piscine ?---Non, Paul, il fait trop froid aujourd’hui , on reste à la maison.14.___(ouvrir) la porte, tu dois faire circuler l’air.15.Je lui dis pour qu’il ___ (venir) demain.16.Ces revues ___ (se vendre bien) l’année dernière.17.Après __ (arriver) à Paris, je vous enverrai une lettre.4. Comprenez le texte et répondez aux questions :（10%）Le téléviseurAu début, dans les années 60, il était lourd comme un meuble et on le plaçait dans la salle de séjour, très haut, pour le regarder. Puis, peu à peu, il est devenu plus petit, on l’a placé sur un rayon de bibliothèque. Maintenant on pe ut le porter et le promener d’une chambre à l’autre : dans la cuisine ou la chambre à coucher. Avant il était en noir et blanc. Maintenant, qui n’a pas son téléviseur couleur ? D’abord, il y a eu la première chaîne et puis la deuxième. Maintenant on peut r ecevoir plus de dix chaînes.Au début, les programmes ne commençaient que dans la soirée. Maintenant , on peut être plantédevant sa télé 24 heures sur 24.Bien sûr, il y a ceux qui sont ¨pour¨ la télévision et ceux qui sont ¨contre¨ .Certains pense nt qu’elle permet de connaître le monde sans bouger : Grâce à la télévition, on a toutes les informations. En quelques minutes, on passe de Tokyo à New York, on s’arrête à Téhéran ou au Liban.第 3 页共 4 页考试科目: 法语（二外）科目代码：242适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学D’autres pensent que la télévision est inutile : àcause de la télévision, les jeunes ne lisent plus et n’ écrivent plus, les enfants sont incapables de raconter une histoire de façon continue.1.Pourquoi peut-on porter le téléviseur et le promener d’une chambre à l’autre maintenant, mais pasdans les années 60?2.Au debut, quand a-t-on commencé à regarder la télé ? Pourquoi ?ment pensez-vous, est-ce que tous aiment la télévision ?4.Pourquoi certains sont ¨contre¨ la télé ?5.Pourquoi certains sont ¨pour¨ la télévision ?5. Traduisez en chinois :（10%）On présente toujours la personne la plus jeune à la personne plus âgée, un homme à une femme, une jeune fille ou une fille qui n’est plus tout à fait jeune à une femme mariée, même si celle-ci est la plus jeune.Pour faire les présentations, on doit être debout. Les femmes peuvent très bien rester assises pour les présentations, à moins qu’il ne s’agisse d’une dame âgée ou d’un personnage important.Lorsque vous êtes présenté à une femme, attendez qu’elle vous offre la main pour la serrer.6.Traduisez en français :（15%）1.法国西临太平洋，是除俄罗斯外欧洲最大的国家。
2018年宁波大学考研试题244英语(二外)(A卷)
Chinese people have different meanings to define friends. Just hanging out together time to time is not friendship. Friendship means lifelong friends who feel deeply obligated to give each other5help might seem required. Americans always call people they meet friends, so the definition of friends is general and different. There are work friends, playing friends, school friends and drinking friends.
Part I Cloze Test (20 points, 1 point each)
Directions:In this part you are required to read the given passages carefully, and then fill in each blank with an appropriate word given in the boxes. Each word is allowed to be used only once. You should not change the form of the word but you can capitalize the initial letter if the word is used at the beginning of the sentence. Write your choices in the Answer Sheet.
宁波大学基础英语考研真题试题2009 、2010、2012、2016年—2019年
考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第2页共8页12.Piquette must have been seventeen then,although she looked about twenty.I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A.overwhelmed B.greatly surprised C.worried D.frightened13.Hitler’s blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A.ambition B.stomach C.belly D.intestines14.Burne-Wilke’s cabin had the dark,warm,comfortable look of a library den.“I say,Henry,what is your position on shipboard drinking?I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”A.much-contented B.just C.nice D.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A.evolve B.run C.develop D.roll16.Mr.President,I second the proposal!(A silence;Hancock swats a fly.)A.succeed B.propose C.support D.stand17.The house detective’s gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room.A.clean B.mop C.clear D.examine18.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.A.work hard B.feel hot C.fall ill D.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair,she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A.pretend B.uncover C.prevent D.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.A.imposed B.described C.inscribed D.subscribedSection B.Lexical interpretation.There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences.You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer:great eloquence1.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting.2.I went back to my room with a heavy heart.I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第3页共8页4.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war,it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.6.It was familiar ground;boy and man,I had been through it often before.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.7.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race,creed,or party.8.Ever-increasing production,the drive to make bigger and better things,have become aims in themselves,new ideals.Work has become alienated from the working person.9.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.10.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture,less avid for material gain.II.Cloze (20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists,however,remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism.Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,”movement activists (1)_______as Casey Hayden and Mary King began (2)_______organize women against the male domination (3)_______SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society),and (4)_______groups.Despite the radical community’s support (5)_______equal rights,they asserted,New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties (6)_______other minor tasks.Feminists also complained (7)_______the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8)_______treating them (9)_______playthings and objects (10)_______conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility,New Left women introduced “rap”sessions to share (11)_______complaints and address gender identity issues.(12)_______1968,200(13)_______feminists organized (14)_______first women’s liberation demonstration.Calling themselves the Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH),activists projected (15)_______“sexism”and capitalism’s “objectification”of women’s bodies.They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture”such as brassieres考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第4页共8页and high-heeled (16)_______into a “freedom trash can.”Feminists focused (17)_______women’s control of their (18)_______bodies with an agenda (19)_______included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature,and passage of tougher laws (20)_______rape and spousal abuse.III.Error Detection and Correction (20points)Directions:There are twenty-one errors in the following passage.You may detect and correct either twenty of them or more than that.When you get more than twenty correct answers,your scores will not surpass twenty.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings,you have maintained across time a core sense of self,thanks in good part as memory.Nevertheless,the I that is you is daily modified by what you experience,by what you were learning and coming to know.Five year ago,you were not the same person you are today;ten years hence,you will not precisely the person you now are.As you are age,you steadily accumulate knowledge,some of it formally,some of it informally.Considering some of the things you know in present—about history,about people,about work,about etiquette,about science,about style.Then think about what you garnered that knowledge.Chances is that some of it you acquired formally in school:what you to know about the contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy,your understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry,you ability to differentiate satire from irony.Some things you may have learn through a combination of formally instruction,observation and practice:how to work successful in a group,how to wait on customers efficiently and courteously,how to apply brakes skillfully in traffics,how to cut food with a knife,what clothes to wear to the prom.And some knowledges you probable acquired almost exclusively from extended experience:what acquaintances to trust and not to trust,what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal to you,what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________(6)_______________(7)_______________(8)_______________(9)_______________(10)______________(11)______________(12)______________(13)______________(14)______________(15)______________(16)______________(17)______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)______________(21)______________考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第5页共8页IV.Sentence Paraphrase (10points)Directions:There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the following passage.You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to the context.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days;it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.(2)Shipping is also a significant British success story.It earns over £1000million a year in foreign exchange earnings:without our merchant fleet,the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit,despite North Sea oil.But,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.(3)On almost all the major sea routes of the world,the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions:from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies,and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies;and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,(5)who are bent on taking over the lion’s share of the trade between Europe and Africa,Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.V.Reading Comprehension (30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions after the passage (2.5×4points).If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’,your reaction may simply be to feel sorry.For the linguist,though,even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation.As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned,a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used;it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate),and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings.Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence,but would exclude sentences like We car has考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第6页共8页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed.The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable.For the individual words a set of ‘objective’semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure.Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’,‘concrete’,‘movable’and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory,it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature.This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’in the original sense of the word (i.e.‘related to knowledge’).However,it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’that our topic is about.To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’,we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term,cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view.Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection,a more practical and empirical path should be pursued.For example,one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences.As experiments have shown,people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape,that it has wheels,doors,and windows,that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel,an accelerator and brakes,and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers.More likely than not,it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast,that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status.Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair,or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1.What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?2.What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?3.How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?4.What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B.Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true or false (2.5×4points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e.,mainstream)community’s angry,sometimes violent reaction to the hippies.There are many reasons for this.The principal one is appearance.The hippies dress strangely.They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma:the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos,fears,and personality games.People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly.Therefore,to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring:the camouflage of respectable appearance.The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce.It means (whether true or not):“I’m not one of the predators.”It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness.Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm,a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind.They see it as a challenge.They are fearful,unsure of themselves,and fear sours into anger.It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good.”The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第7页共8页The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage.Their non-participation,in effect,exposes them as another tribe,whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything,and therefore a danger.That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall,that shrine of Squaredom.Why else,I submit,does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter’s Point,the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies’rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals:steady lucrative employment,and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money,building (always building)security for the future.It is precisely this security hypochondria,this checking of bank book rather than pulses,this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets,that drive the youth of today away.It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years,wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off,that the kids got through school in order to get “good”jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble,later on.The parents’reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired,alienated from their children,and just as often each parent from the other.1.The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.()2.For middle class,to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.()3.The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.()4.The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.()Section C.Read the following passage and then write a summary of it within 100words (1×10points).The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point.There are many reasons for this:British English is the old variety,and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige,at least in Europe and in former English colonies,than American English.Until not so long ago,American English was considered less educated,less cultured,less beautiful than British English.Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent,and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers.This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions:Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world,whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation:The majority of the world’s native speakers of English are Americans,about 240million people.They make up the majority of the 400million native speakers,compared with about 57million speakers in Britain.They speak English with American pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar.Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television,and more American English is used in international business,computing,and science.宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English,sometimes presenting American English as an aberration,often just in the form of a collection of words to learn.There are some useful books on American English,mostly designed for college or university use,that deal with vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation,but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.SummaryVI.Writing(50points)Directions:Now in universities or colleges,some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students.The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country.That is,the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job;the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work.What is your purpose to read for MA?Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam?In the following topic of writing,please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons.You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction,argumentation and conclusion in about400words.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.My Purpose to Read for MA科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."。
2014-2015年宁波大学考研初试真题244英语(二外)B卷
入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Thencircle the corresponding letter.1. At last she left her house and got to the airport, only ________ the plane flying away.A. having seenB. to have seenC. to seeD. saw2. Only by shouting at the top of his voice _________.A. he was able to make himself hearB. he was able to make himself heardC. was he able to make himself hearD. was he able to make himself heard3. It was not until midnight ________ the snowcapped peak.A. that they sightedB. that they did not sightC. did they sightD. had they sighted4. Fool ________ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. thatD. like5. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills ________ people each year than automobileaccidents.A. seven more timesB. seven times moreC. over seven timesD. seven times6. The party, ________ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which7. This missile is designed so that once ________ nothing can be done to retrieve it.A. firedB. being firedC. they firedD. having fired8. We have been told that under no circumstances ________ the telephone in the office for personalaffairs.A. may we useB. we may useC. we could useD. did we use第 1 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学9. This traditional entertainment for children in America has never, ________ I know, become popular inChina.A. as muchB. as far asC. to the extent thatD. so long as10.Although the national government has introduced some new laws on this subject, it is the stategovernment which are ________ responsible for pollution control.A. preciselyB. progressivelyC. primarilyD. preliminarily11.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ______ the color of his skin.A. with the exception ofB. in the light ofC. by virtue ofD. regardless of12.He gave them a lovely bookcase in ________ for their kindness.A. responsibilityB. considerationC. gratitudeD. assistance13.However, at times this balance in nature is ________, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseeneffects.A. troubledB. disturbedC. confusedD. puzzled14.If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be________ to work hard, with the resultthat tax revenues might actually shrink.A. cultivatedB. regulatedC. motivatedD. innovated15.Not having a good command of English can be a serious __________ preventing you fromachieving your goals.A. obstacleB. faultC. offenseD. distress16.The detective and his assistant have begun to ________ the mysterious murder.A. come throughB. look intoC. make overD. see to17.The police are trying to find out the ________ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A. evidenceB. recognition第 2 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学C. identityD. status18.Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their ________ for world conquest.A. ambitionB. admirationC. recognitionD. extension19.When the crowd area was ________ by the flood, the government sent food there by helicopter.A. cut awayB. cut downC. cut upD. cut off20.The price of beer ________ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.A. alteredB. rangedC. separatedD. differed21.Research shows that there is no________ relationship between how much a person earns andwhether he feels good about life.A. successiveB. creativeC. significantD. elegant22.I went along thinking of nothing ________, only looking at things around me.A. in particularB. in harmonyC. in doubtD. in brief23.The branches could hardly ________ the weight of the fruit.A. retainB. sustainC. maintainD. remain24.The tone of the article the writer’s mood at the time.A. reproducedB. reflectedC. imaginedD. imitated25.Humidity is so intense in some parts of the tropics that Europeans find they are unable to ________it.A. maintainB. persistC. endureD. sustain26.I know I shouldn’t eat chocolate cake when I’m dieting, but I find it hard to resist ________.A. reactionB. expectationC. objectionD. temptation27.The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have _________ supplies of第 3 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学petroleum.A. sufficientB. proficientC. efficientD. potential28.Very few scientists _________ with completely new answers to the world’s problems.A. come toB. come roundC. come onD. come up29.My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _________on what he promises.A. assuranceB. probabilityC. relianceD. morality30.For many patients, institutional care is the most ________ and beneficial form of care.A. persistentB. appropriateC. thoughtfulD. sufficientPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points each)Directions: T here are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and circle the corresponding letter.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr. A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake u p fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be under-sleeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater inertia than others. This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they are reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can’t sleep. Like advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of第 4 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr. H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span is to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van of this advance.31. The author seems to indicate that__________.A. there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleepB. the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctorsC. people are now moving towards solving many controversial issuesD. among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial32. The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because__________.A. some people have to stay up to finish their workB. some people still feel tired with enough sleepC. one would certainly have less sleep as he agesD. few people can wake up feeling fresh and alert33. In the last paragraph the author points out that__________.A. sleeping less is good for the human developmentB. people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC. those who can sleep less should be encouragedD. it is improper to state that people sleep too little34. We learn from the passage that the author__________.A. favors one of the three opinionsB. comments on three different opinionsC. explains an opinion of his ownD. revises someone else’s opinion第 5 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学35. Which of the following is true of the passage?A. People who need more sleep should go to bed early.B. More and more people are now having less sleep.C. If you wake up after the set time, you are under-sleeping.D. More and more people are now giving up sleep for daily work.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.It is a very plain and elementary truth that the life, the fortune and the happiness of every one of us, and, more or less, of those who are connected with us, do depend upon our knowing something of the rules of a game infinitely more difficult and complicated than chess. It is a game which has been played for untold ages, every man and woman of us being one of the two players in a game of his or her own. The chess board is the world, the pieces are the phenomena of the universe, and the rules of the game are what we call the laws of nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. We know that his play is always fair, just, and patient. But also we know, to our cost, that he never overlooks a mistake, or make the smallest allowance for ignorance. To the man who plays well, the highest stakes are paid, with that sort of overflowing generosity with which the strong shows delight in strength. And one who plays ill is defeated --- without haste, but without mercy.Well, what I mean by education is learning the rules of this mighty game. In other words, education is the instruction of the intellect in the laws of Nature, under which name I include not merely things and their forces, but men and their ways; and the fashioning of the affections and of the will into an earnest and loving desire to move in harmony with those laws. For me, education means neither more or less than this. Anything which professes to call itself education must be tried by this standard, and if it fails to stand the test, I will not call it education, whatever may be the force of authority or of numbers upon the other side.It is important to remember that, in strictness, there is no such thing as an uneducated man. Take an extreme case. Suppose that an adult man, in the full vigor of his faculties, could be suddenly placed in the world, as Adam is said to have been, and then left to do as he might. How long would he be left uneducated? Not five minutes. Nature would begin to teach him, through the eye, the ear, the touch, the properties of objects. Pain and pleasure at his elbow telling him to do this and avoid that; and by slow degrees the man would receive an education, which, if narrow, would be thorough, real, and adequate to his circumstances, though there would be no extras and very few accomplishments.第 6 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学36. The author compares chess to human life in that _________.A. the rules of human life is more complicatedB. human life is a game dominated by rulesC. Nature is the hidden player against usD. human life is full of rises and falls37. In human life game, the player on the other side _________.A. is so careful as not to make any mistakesB. is patient enough to catch our mistakesC. never allows ignorance or mistakesD. is neither generous nor stingy38. According to the author, the main purpose of education is to_________.A. know and master the laws of natureB. get familiar with things and forcesC. find men and their ways in natureD. master the way to play life game39. What can NOT be said of the last paragraph?A. Everybody in the world is somewhat educated, but his education is narrow.B. Everybody has received enough education to cope with his surroundings.C. The more one receives education in universities, the more he will achieve.D. Nature is, in fact, a good place for people to educate themselves.40. What does the author want to convey to his readers?A. We must learn to abide by laws of nature.B. It’s important to thoroughly know your player.C. One should seize every opportunity to study.D. Nature has complete control of human beings.Passage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Evolutionary theories. The Belgian George Lemaitre put forward the idea that about 20000 million years ago all the matter in the universe --- enough, he estimated, to make up a hundred thousand million第7 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学galaxies-- was all concentrated in one small mass, which h e called the “primeval atom”. This primeval atom exploded for some reason, sending its matter out in all directions, and as the expansion slowed down, a steady state resulted, at which time the galaxies formed. Something then upset the balance and the universe started expanding again, and this is the state in which the universe is now. There are variations on this theory: it may be that there was no steady state. However, basically, evolutionary theories take it that the universe was formed in one place at one point in time and has been expanding ever since. Will the universe continue to expand? It may be that the universe will continue to expand for ever, but some astronomers believe that the expansion will slow down and finally stop. Thereafter the universe will start to contract until all the matter in it is once again concentrated at one point. Possibly the universe may oscillate（摆动）for ever in this fashion, expanding to its maximum and the contracting and over again.The steady-state theory. Developed at Cambridge by Hoyle Gold and Bodi, the steady-state theory maintains that the universe as a whole has always looked the same and always will. As the galaxies expand away from each other, new material is formed in some way between the galaxies and make up new galaxies to replace those which have receded. Thus the general distribution of galaxies remains the same. How matter could be formed in this way is hard to see, but no harder than seeing why it should all form in one place at one time.How can we decide which of these theories is closer to the truth? The method is in principle quite simple. Since the very distant galaxies are thousands of millions of light years away, then we are seeing them as they were thousands of millions of years ago. If the evolutionary theory is correct, the galaxies were closer together in the past than they are now, and so distant galaxies ought to appear to be closer together than nearer ones. According to the steady-state theory there should be no difference.The evidence seems to suggest that there is a difference, that the galaxies were closer together than they are now and so the evolutionary theory is partially confirmed and the steady-state theory --- in its original form at least---must be rejected.41. What do both theories assume to be true?A. The universe is expanding at present.B. New material is continually being formed.C. The universe will finally contract to one mass.D. “A big bang” started the expansion.42. According to Lemaitre, the separate galaxies formed ________.第8 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学A. during a pause in the expansion of the universeB. at the time of the primeval atom explosionC. when the universe balance was upsetD. when the expansion came to a stop43. What is the basic difference between the two classes of theories?A. The way galaxies expand away from each other.B. Whether the universe will continue to expand or not.C. The distribution of the galaxies in the universe.D. The place and time of the formation of matter.44. According to Hoyle and his friends at Cambridge ________.A. the explosion occurred much earlier than Lemaitre suggestedB. it is hard to see how matter could be formed in this wayC. the expansion of the universe is not a real oneD. new materia1is continually being created45. We see distant galaxies as they were long, long ago because ________.A. the universe has always looked the sameB. new materials keep coming into existenceC. their light takes so long to reach usD. they are expanding from time to timePassage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Before the 1850s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of respectable colleges --- Harvard, Yale, Columbia --- and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of第9 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by heart were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor's own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric（修辞学）,and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close attention to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime（学校体制）. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturists, social welfare workers, and teachers.46. What do you know about American University before the 1850’s?A. They were completely sponsored by the church.B. They laid extreme emp hasis on students’ morals.C. Few of them offered selective courses.D. Their history went back to colonial days.47. Americans went to German to receive higher education in 1800s because __________.A. there were no famous universities in the United States at that timeB. they wanted to acquire knowledge, not just learn how to behaveC. it was very easy for them to get qualified teachers in GermanD. they couldn’t afford the high tuition in the United States48. What can be said of the Germany universities?A. They paid no attention of learning by heart.B. Their teachers have flexible teaching methods.C. They emphasize students’ participation.第10 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学D. They attached importance to teachers’ guidance.49. What can we infer from the passage?A. Graduate students should do research on their own.B. Universities should impart knowledge instead of morals.C. Learning by heart is still an important method in universities.D. Universities should offer more and more selective courses.50. What would be the best title for the text?A. Development of American Universities.B. Germany Universities and American Education.C. The Origin of American Education.D. Modern American universities.Part III Translation (15 points)Directions:There are two items in this part. The first is Chinese-English Translation and the second is English-Chinese Translation.Section A (6 points, 1.5 points each)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets..51. Soon after she reported to work, she faced herself________（面对的是她承担过的最艰难的工作）.52. Obviously ___________（这位发言人要强调的是）the impact of these findings rather than theprocess that led to these findings.53. The new electronic dictionary is sold _______________（比预期低得多的价格）.56. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are ____________ （更有可能增加体重）. Section B (9 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.57. I’ve never seen anyone yet who worked for him or was around him for any length of time whowasn’t better off. And I don’t mean just financially, although a lot of people are. It’s just something about him --- coming into contact with Sam Walton just makes you a better person. (4 points)58. Men have generally been assu red that achieving their heart’s desires would be a piece of cake.第11 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学Women, of course, have always believed that we can’t have our cake and eat it too ---the old low-dream diet. Perhaps becoming a superwoman is an impossible dream for me, but life without that kind of fantasy is as unappealing as a diet with no treats. (5 points)Part IV Writing (15 points)Directions: In this part you are required to write a short essay on the topic of Should Family Schooling Exist. You should write at least 140 words following the outline given (in Chinese) below.1. 少数大城市出现了私塾学校；2. 人们对此有不同的看法；3. 你的观点是……第12 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学。
2018年宁波大学244英语(二外)考研真题及详解(A卷)【圣才出品】
2018年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）Part Ⅰ Cloze Test (20 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part you are required to read the given passages carefully, and then fill in each blank with an appropriate word given in the boxes. Each word is allowed to be used only once. You should not change the form of the word but you can capitalize the initial letter if the word is used at the beginning of the sentence. Write your choices in the Answer Sheet.Passage OneLiving in a culture that is different from your own can be both an exciting and challenging experience. You have to learn different cultural practices and try to adapt to them. Here are the top six cultural differences 1______ China and the US to help promote mutual understanding.Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, income or marital status, 2______ Americans think is annoying and intrusive.In China, elders are traditionally treated with enormous respect and dignity 3______ the young are cherished and nurtured. In America, the goal of the family isto encourage independence, particularly that of the children. 4______ the Chinese, older Americans seldom live with their children.Chinese people have different meanings to define friends. Just hanging out together time to time is not friendship. Friendship means lifelong friends who feel deeply obligated to give each other 5______ help might seem required. Americans always call people they meet friends, so the definition of friends is general and different. There are work friends, playing friends, school friends and drinking friends.6______ is well known, the Chinese like to save. They are always conservative when they are planning to spend money. It is different in the USA, 7______ far fewer families are saving money for emergencies and education than their Chinese counterparts.Chinese people value education and career more than Americans, 8______ in turn put more emphasis on good character and faith.9______ China values the community and the US values the individual. If you achieve something in the US, it’s because you were great. While in China, if you achieve something in China it’s 10______ the team, or family, or the company is great. Everything you do gets attributed to the greater whole, while in America individual merits are celebrated.【答案与解析】1. between（由前面的“difference”可推测此处填“between”，此处是说“中美两国的六大文化差异”。
宁波大学翻译硕士英语2016—2020年考研真题
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 x 1% = 30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers onthe Answer Sheet.1. The ________ of the film shows that the reviewers’ fears were completely unjustified.A. populationB. popularityC. populaceD. populism2. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new born babies in that region, _____ were surprising.A．as results B. which results C. the results of it D. the results of which3. Although some students graduate from high school, they are virtually illiterate ______ writing a businessletter.A. in the event ofB. in the light ofC. in case ofD. in terms of4. ______ his undoubted innocence, the accused man appeared extremely nervous.A. HoweverB. DespiteC. Even thoughD. Although5. The motion picture is only a series of still photographs which are split and viewed in rapid _______ to createthe illusion of movement and continuity.A. sequenceB. successionC. transmissionD. conveyance6. Operations which left patients ________ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feelingrelaxed and comfortable.A. exhaustedB. abandonedC. injured D deserted7. His honeymoon expense is rather high in _______ to his income.A. comparisonB. proportionC. associationD. calculation8. We started burning some leaves in our yard, but the fire got __________ and we had to call the fire brigade toput it out.A. out of handB. out of orderC. out of placeD. out of way9. It is said that the math teacher seems _______ towards bright students.A. partialB. beneficialC. preferableD. liable(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语10. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his _____ as he developed his own techniques.A. descendantsB. predecessorsC. successorsD. ancestors11. I’m one of the students _____ never late for school.A. that isB. who areC. who amD. who is12. The visitors, men and women, old and young, had walked for many hours. ________ of them got very tired,but _______ of them would stop to take a rest.A. All…neitherB. Both… noneC. All…noneD. Both….everyone13. I do not understand how the arranged marriage could ________ work out in the more traditional societies.A. frequentlyB. conceivablyC. naivelyD. precisely14. I wondered what her ____ to the news would be.A. impressionB. reactionC. commentD. opinion15. The introduction of modern technique from abroad makes it necessary for skilled workers to ____ unskilledworkers.A. take placeB. take overC. take downD. take the place of16. How do you ____ for coming late for the meeting?A. explainB. excuseC. describeD. account17. The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions____ world civilization.A.toB. towardsC. withD. in18. After _____ deliberation, the foreman announced that the jury had reached verdict.A. 10 minutes ofB. 10-minutes ofC. 10 minute’sD. 10 minutes19. The student was very excited when he ____ his teacher in this important lecture.A. assistedB. insistedC. resistedD. persisted20. A funny moment in the show is _____ the bad guy falls into a pile of wet cement.A. asB. thatC. whileD. when21. Understanding this article is ____ a seven-year-old child’s capacity.A. onB. upC. downD. beyond(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语22. Jill would rather that his girl friend ____ in the same department as he does.A. studiedB. should studyC. studyD. had studied23. Bob had been ____ on a meadow sprinkled with dandelion for a long time before he sat up.A. laidB. lyingC. lainD. laying24. There are signs ____ Internet are becoming more and more popular with teenagers.A. thatB. whoseC. whatD. which25. She had no objection to ____ the airplane ticket which would send her to Geneva.A. to takeB. takingC. of takingD. to taking26. The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all. As a matter of fact, I would gladly have paid ____ forit.A. as much twiceB. much as twiceC. as twice muchD. twice as much27. He _______ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.A. may have actedB. must have actedC. should actD. would act28. ______ him tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don’t call onC. Why not calling onD. Why not call on29. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ____ ourthinking.A. upon which to baseB. which to base uponC. which to be based onD. to base on which30. Some areas, ____ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.A. due toB. but forC. in spite ofD. with regard toPart II. Reading Comprehension (40%)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (20 ×1%=20%)Directions: There are seven passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide onthe best choice and write on the Answer Sheet.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语Passage 1In the fall of 1924 Thomas Wolfe, fresh from his course in playwright at Harvard, joined the eight or ten of us who were teaching English composition in New York University. I had never before seen a man so tall as he, and so ungraceful. I pitied him and went out of my way to help him get adjusted to his work and to make him feel at home．His students soon let me know that he had no need of my protectiveness. They spoke of his ability to describe a simple event in such a manner as to have them roar with laughter or struggling to keep back their tears，of his readiness to quote in detail from any poet they could name, of his habit of writing three pages of comment on a student’s one-page composition, and of his astonishing ease in expressing in words anything he had seen or heard or tasted or felt．Indeed, his students made so much of his powers of observation that I decided to make a little test and see for myself. My opportunity came one morning when the students were slowly gathering for nine-o’clock classes．Upon arriving at the university that day, I found Wolfe alone in the large room which served all the English composition teachers as an office. He made no protest when I asked him to come with me out into the hall, and he only smiled when we reached a classroom door and I told him to enter alone and look around．He stepped in, remained no more than thirty seconds and then came out. “Tell me what I see,” I said as I took his place in the room, leaving him in the hall with his back to the door. Without the least hesitation and without a single error, he gave the number of seats in the room, identified those which were occupied by boys and those occupied by girls, named the colors each student was wearing, pointed out the Latin verb written on the blackboard, spoke of the chalk marks which the cleaner had failed to wash from the floor, and pictured in detail the view of Washington Square from the windows．As I rejoined Wolfe, I was speechless with amazement. He, on the contrary, was wholly calm as he said. “The worst thing about it is that I’ll remember it all．”1．Which of the following statements is true of Thomas Wolfe?A．He failed to finish his course at Harvard．B．He began teaching right after his graduation．C．He regarded New York University as his home．D．He had a polite manner．2．What did the author think of Thomas Wolfe?A．He was not satisfied with his job．B．He felt uncomfortable in his work．C．He was not good at teaching．(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语D．He was unfamiliar with his students．3．Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A．Wolfe’s students praised his power of observation．B．The author performed an experiment on Wolfe’s ability．C．Wolfe’s students asked the author to have a test of their ability．D．Wolfe did not feel angry when he was tested．Passage 2Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they'll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world's attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we're all hot-tempered single mothers who can't keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can't escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic mothers.These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.It won't be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they'd like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that's been around for far too long.4. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A. They are victims of family violence.B. They are of an inferior social group.C. They use quite a lot of body language.D. They live on charity and social welfare.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语5. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A. Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B. How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C. How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D. What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.6. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A. However many fans she has, she should remain modest.B. She shouldn't disappoint the African-American community.C. However hard she tries, she can't expect to please everybody.D. She will give priority to African-American women's concerns.Passage 3The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker, with merit being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction. But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. And one industry in which this practice is common is that of politics. So what does it take to be a political speechwriter?Well according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain, a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills, be detail-oriented and able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject. They must also work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style. Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent, a natural creative instinct, and that speechwriting is an art form.So what about those of us who do not possess such genius? Can we still produce successful speeches? In an interview with the BBC, Dr Max Atkinson (a communications specialist) outlined a number of speechwriting techniques. He also illustrated how these techniques have been used in historic speeches. One such technique is introducing contrast. This is extremely useful when presenting a positive spin on a negative issue. One of the most famous examples of this can be seen in a speech given by former American President John F Kennedy: "Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country." Another technique is the use of three-part lists. Dr Atkinson explains that this can be an excellent way of adding finality or confirming a statement. Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique. One of his most famous campaign slogans was "education, education, education".These techniques can be used like tools - they can be chosen from a toolbox and applied as necessary. A few other techniques you might find in a speechwriter's toolbox might be the use of imagery, anecdotes and alliteration. So next time you have to prepare a speech or presentation, try applying one or more of these techniques and see if you have what it takes to be a winning speechwriter.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语7. According to the passage, all of the following are techniques often used in political speech except ________.A. contrastB. alliterationC. metaphorsD. three-part lists8. Which of the following is NOT a skill required of a good public speaker?A. confidenceB. ConvictionC. knowledgeD. a deep voicePassage 4There was a rich merchant who had 4 wives. He loved the 4th wife the most and adorned her with rich robes and treated her to delicacies. He took great care of her and gave her nothing but the best.He also loved the 3rd wife very much. He's very proud of her and always wanted to show off her to his friends. However, the merchant is always in great fear that she might run away with some other men.He too, loved his 2nd wife. She is a very considerate person, always patient and in fact is the merchant's confidante. Whenever the merchant faced some problems, he always turned to his 2nd wife and she would always help him out and tide him through difficult times.Now, the merchant's 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as taking care of the household. However, the merchant did not love the first wife and although she loved him deeply, he hardly took notice of her.One day, the merchant fell ill. Before long, he knew that he was going to die soon. He thought of his luxurious life and told himself, "Now I have 4 wives with me. But when I die, I'll be alone. How lonely I'll be!"Thus, he asked the 4th wife, "I loved you most, endowed you with the finest clothing and showered great care over you. Now that I'm dying, will you follow me and keep me company?" "No way!" replied the 4th wife and she walked away without another word. The answer cut like a sharp knife right into the merchant's heart. The sad merchant then asked the 3rd wife, "I have loved you so much for all my life. Now that I'm dying, will you follow me and keep me company?" "No!" replied the 3rd wife. "Life is so good over here! I'm going to remarry when you die!" The merchant's heart sank and turned cold.He then asked the 2nd wife, "I always turned to you for help and you've always helped me out. Now I need your help again. When I die, will you follow me and keep me company?" "I'm sorry, I can't help you out this time!" replied the 2nd wife. "At the very most, I can only send you to your grave." The answer came like a bolt of thunder and the merchant was devastated.Then a voice called out : "I'll leave with you. I'll follow you no matter where you go." The merchant looked up and there was his first wife. She was so skinny, almost like she suffered from malnutrition. Greatly grieved,(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语the merchant said, "I should have taken much better care of you while I could have!"Actually, we all have 4 wives in our lives:a. The 4th wife is our body. No matter how much time and effort we lavish in making it look good, it'll leave us when we die.b. Our 3rd wife is our possessions, status and wealth. When we die, they all go to others.c. The 2nd wife is our family and friends. No matter how close they had been there for us when we're alive, the furthest they can stay by us is up to the grave.d. The 1st wife is in fact our soul, often neglected in our pursuit of material, wealth and sensual pleasure. Guess what? It is actually the only thing that follows us wherever we go. Perhaps it's a good idea to cultivate and strengthen it now rather than to wait until we're on our deathbed to lament.9. What is the implied meaning of the sentence that describes his first wife as “so skinny, almost like shesuffered from malnutrition.” (paragraph 8)?A. His first wife was growing old.B. His first wife had an eating disorder.C. He failed to nourish his spirit.D. He failed to protect his wealth.10. From the passage, we can conclude that ________.A. A life devoted to business is a worthy life.B. One should only have a single wife.C. The second wife is callous.D. Death shows us what is most important in life.Passage 5We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade！Besides, it is rather unreal to grade pupils just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively in order to have the ability to become leaders. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks , and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is suitable. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.11. We can know from the passage that the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is ________.A. approvingB. disapprovingC. questioningD. inactive12. According to the passage, mixed-ability teaching ________.A. has both merits and demeritsB. Discourages the children who are left behindC. enables the bright children to learn betterD. fails to acknowledge the gap between top and bottom students13. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A. Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.B. Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activitiesC. Group work gives pupils the chance to learn to work together with others.D. Group work supply pupils with the chance to learn to be good organizers.Passage 6I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn't been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me--a potential to live, you might call it--which I didn't see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If I hadn't been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball. I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. "I can't use this." I said. "Take it with you," he urged me, "and roll it around." The words stuck in my head. "Roll it around! " By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphia's Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.14. We can learn from the beginning of the passage thatA. the author lost his sight because of a car crash.B. the author wouldn't love life if the disaster didn't happen.C. the disaster made the author appreciate what he had.D. the disaster strengthened the author's desire to see.15. According to the context, "a chair rocker on the front porch" in paragraph 3 means that the authorA. would sit in a rocking chair and enjoy his life.B. was paralyzed and stayed in a rocking chair.C. would lose his will to struggle against difficulties.D. would sit in a chair and stay at home.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语16. According to the passage, the baseball and encouragement offered by the man_______A. hurt the author's feeling.B. gave the author a deep impression.C. directly led to the invention of ground ball.D. inspired the author.17. According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT?A. The author set goals for himself but only invited failure most of the time.B. The author suggested not trying something beyond one's ability at the beginning.C. The bitterness of failure prevented the author from trying something out of reach.D. Because of his limitations, the author tried to reach one goal at a time.Passage 7Today, more and more people are using credit cards instead of money to buy the things they need. Almost anyone who has a steady income and continuous work record can apply for a credit card. If you have a credit card, you buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by changing the cost to your account. You can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company of the bank who sponsors the credit card will add a small service charge to your bill. This is very convenient for customers. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don't have to carry much cash. This saves your trips to the bank to cash checks. Also if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don't have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft.Credit cards are big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit card companies charge their members annual dues. The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company ―a percentage of purchase price of the merchandise or service. In return, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installment.However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语customers if they charge more than they can pay for. Yet, in many ways, the big loser in the credit card system is not the credit card company, the store, or the card user, but rather the general customer. The store makes up for the fees it pays to the credit card company by increasing prices for goods and services. Stores may have more sales if they accept cards, but the added cost to the store when credit cards are accepted instead of cash is actually passed on to all consumers in higher prices. In this way, the cash customer suffers for the convenience the credit card customer enjoys.18. According to the passage, nearly everyone can apply for credit cards if he or she can prove to be ________.A. a dependable and honest personB. a person with an income and work experienceC. a person with work experience but no regular incomeD. a person with a regular income and an unbroken work record19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a channel for the credit card company to make a profit?A. Membership fees for credit card users.B. A heavy fine for overdue payments.C. Service charges for stores that accept credit cards.D. Service charges for card users who pay back over a period.20. The author’s purpose of writing this article is to ________.A. persuade people to use credit cardsB. warn people of the danger of using credit cardsC. explain how credit card business worksD. explain how to use credit cardsSECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (10 ×2%=20%)Directions: In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the question with NO more than ten words in the space provided on Answer Sheet.Passage 11. What is the students’ opinion of Thomas Wolfe?。
2013年宁波大学244英语(二外)考研真题及详解(B卷)【圣才出品】
2013年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (1 point each)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and then blacken the corresponding letter.1. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally.A. need not have dressed upB. must not have dressed upC. did not need to dress upD. must not dress up【答案】A【解析】句意：结果那只是个小型的家庭聚会，我们本不用穿的那么正式。
本题考查虚拟语气，need+完成式表示“本不用，本不需要”。
因此，本题的正确答案为A。
2. Cancer is a group of diseases in which there is uncontrolled and disordered growth of _____ cells.A. irrelevantB. inferiorC. controversialD. abnormal【答案】D【解析】句意：癌症是由无法控制、不停生长的异常细胞引起的一类疾病。
abnormal反常的，异常的。
irrelevant不相关的。
inferior低等的。
controversial有争议的。
因此，本题的正确答案为D。
宁波大学外语学院243俄语(二外)历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录
2012年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2013年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2014年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2015年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2016年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2017年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2012年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
Часть 1：将下列动词变位，写出单数第一、二人称和复数第三人称形式。
（10%）
расписаться
【答案】расписаться; распишусь; распишешься; распишутся
снять
【答案】снять; сниму; снимешь; снимут
мыть
【答案】мыть; мою; моешь; моют
искать
【答案】искать; ищу; ищешь; ищут
аплодировать
【答案】аплодировать; аплодирую; аплодируешь; аплодируют
упасть
【答案】упасть; упаду; упадешь; упадут
вставать
【答案】вставать; встаю; встаешь; встают
забыть
【答案】забыть; забуду; забудешь; забудут
сдаться。
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考研专业课初试真题
硕士研究生入学考试专业课初试真题
宁波大学 2020 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码： 244 总分值： 100 科目名称：
英语（二外）
Part I Cloze Test (20 points, 1 point each)
Yet the hope remains 5 , much like with general paresis, we may soon discover the root causes of these illnesses, and this knowledge may tell us 6 to treat them. An example of this hope can be seen in the popular notion that a “chemical imbalance” causes depression. This might turn out to be true, 7 the truth is we don’t know.
Directions: In this part, you are required to read the given passage carefully, and then fill in each blank with an appropriate word given in the table. Each word is allowed to be used only once. You should not change the form of the word but you can capitalize the initial letter if the word is used at the beginning of the sentence. Write your choices in the Answer Sheet.
Some researchers are starting to think that for many mental disorders, such hope might be based on incorrect assumptions. Instead of having one root cause, 8 general paresis did, mental disorders might be caused by many mechanisms acting together. These mechanisms might be situated in the brain, but they could also be located in the body and even in the external environment, interacting with one another in a network to create the patterns of distress and dysfunction we currently recognize and label as varieties of mental illness. In this more complex view, patterns such as depression and generalized anxiety arise as tendencies in the human brain-body-environment system. 9 the patterns are established, they are hard to change because the network continues to maintain them.
3 general paresis is now very rare, its example is still instructive. Any honest researcher will tell you we don’t currently have good explanations for most mental disorders. Depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia(精神分裂症) —we don’t really know how these patterns of disrupted thought, behavior and emotion develop or 4 they stick around.
Passage One
what
why
how
that
as
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
but
although
once
though
if
Have you ever heard of a condition known as “general paresis（麻痹性痴呆）of the insane”? Probably not. In the 19th century general paresis was one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. Its symptoms included odd social behaviors, impaired judgment, depressed mood and difficulty concentrating. Around the turn of the 20th century, 1 , we figured 2 it really was—a form of late-stage syphilis（梅毒） infecting the brain and disrupting its function. A few decades later we discovered a highly effective treatment: penicillin.