汇票的填制

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汇票的填制及汇票中的英语
汇票(BILL OF EXCHANGE OR DRAFT)是一种债权人(CREDETOR,即出票人或出口人)开给债务人(DEBTOR,即受票人或进口人)的有以任何条件为关提的收面支付命令。汇票属于资金单据,经过付款人承兑的汇票是一种有价证券,可以代替货币转让或流通。为了防止丢失,商业汇票一般一式二联,即FIRST LR EXCHANGE(第一正本联)和SECOND OF EXCGANGE(第二正本联)。这两张汇票具有同等效力,付款人只需付其中一张,先到先付,后到无效。同时,银行在寄送单据时一般将两张正本汇票分两个连续的邮次往国外,以防在一个邮次中全部丢失。1.汇票必要项目
每一张有效的汇票必须具备以下8个项目:P
(1)须写明汇票(BILL OF EXCHANGE OF DRAFT)字样;
(2)须有小写与大写的货币名称和金额;
(3)必须有出票日期和地点;
(4)必须有适当的文句表明为无条件的支付的命令;
(5)必须有付款期限;
(6)必须有收款人的名称和地址;
(7)必须有付款人的名称和地址;
(8)必须出票人的名称和负责人的签字或印章。
除以上8个必要项目外,汇票上还可以加注其他项目,如信用证支付方式下,汇票还应写明出票根据(DRAWN UNDER…)、信用证号码、开证日期及发票号码、合约号码和商品数量等。2.汇票的各项内容及缮制
信用证项下的汇票的填制应完全按照信用证内的汇票条款来制作:
(1)出票根据(DRAWN UNDER)。这一栏内要求填写开证银行的名称和地址。此栏中的名称应填写全称,除非信用证内汇票条款中允许写开证行的缩写,如信用证中规定DRAFT KRAWN UNDER HK BAND NY。但在特殊情况下,为了某种原因如开证行有保护自己或为避免国家管制的缘故,而在此栏中填上另一家银行的名称和地址,一般情况下,出口公司会接受这一要求,按照信用证中规定的银行名称和地址正确填写此栏目。
(2)信用证号码(L/C NO.)。此栏正确填上信用证的号码。但有时也可按受来证不要求填上此栏的要求。
(3)开证日期(DATE OF ISSUANCE)。此栏应正确填上信用证开立的日期。
(4)年息(PAYALBE WITH INTEREST@…%)这一栏目应由结汇银行填写,用以清算企业与银行间利息费用。
(5)小写金额(AMOUNT IN FIGURES)。此栏填写小写的金额,由货币名称缩写及阿拉的数字组成。例如,CAN$1278.00或 US$598.00。金额数要求保留小数点后两位,货币名称应与信用证规定和发票上的货币的上样,汇票金额的多少应根据信用证中具体规定而出。如:
①如信用证中:DRAFT…FOR 100% OF INVOICE VALUE或DRAFT AT SIGHT……FOR FULL

INVOICE COST /VALUE,或者当实际装运的数量少于规定的数量,在信用证允许分批时,每一批出货的发票金额是实际应收金额。此时,汇票金额=发票金额。
②当发票金额含佣金或折扣时,信用证表示发票含佣金或折扣,议付时佣金或折扣须在汇票上予以扣除,即汇票上应填制实际所能收回的除去佣金或折扣的金额,如:
INVOICE SHOWING CIF VALUE INCLUDING 3% COMMISSION,AT THE TIME OF NEGOTIATION 3% COMMISSION MUST BE DEDUCTED FROM DRAWINGS UNDER THIS CREDIT.此时,汇票金额小于发票金额。
另外当来证要两张汇票分别支付一笔交易额,如CAN$16760.00 PAYABLE AGAINST SIGHT DRAFT ACCOMPANYING ABOVE DOCUMENTS,CAN$4850.00 PAYABLE AGAINST SIGHT DRAFT AND PRESENTATIOM OF INDEPENDENT SURVEYORS REPORT……这两张汇票上的各自的金额数也小于发票金额。
(6)汇票大写金额(AMOUNT IN WORDS)。大写金额应由小写金额翻译而成,一般顶格打印,货币名称全称写在数额前,大写金额后加 ONLY。如:USD23978.55:SAY UNITED STATES DOLLARS TWENTY THREE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED SEVENTY EIGHT AND CENTS FIFTY-FIVE ONLY其中小数点后数字0.55的表达方法有以下几种,如:
①CENTS FIFTY-FIVE;
②POINT FIFTY-FIVE;
③55%OR55/100。

(7)号码(NO.)。此栏目有三种填制方法①填发票号码,说明该汇票是某发票项下的,以核对发票与汇票中相同相关内容;②按本身汇票的顺序编号;③空白此栏。我国出口贸易多采用①在的方法。
(8)付款期限(AT…SIGHT)。常见的汇票付款期限根据汇票本身性质有两种,即妈期付款和远期付款。
即期汇票(SIGHT DRAFT):即在汇票的出票人按要求向银行提交单据和汇票时,银行应立即付款,一般在AT和SIGHT之间的横线上打上“…”或“***”等。
远期汇票(TIME KRAFT):表示在将来的某个时间付款。具体付款时间应按照信用证在规定的“远期”起算日算起的几天内,不同的起算日,付款的日期也不同。如:
①DRAFT AT30DAYS SIGHT:这是以见票日为“远期”起算日,即为见票日后30天付款,填写时,在付款期限一栏内所上30DAYS即可。
②DRAFT AT 30DAYSFROM THE DATE OF INVOICE:这是以发票日期为“远期”起算日,即发票日期后30天付款。在填写汇票时应打上“30DAYS FROM THE DATE OF INVOICE”。对于此类来证,发票制作时应尽量提前日期以便卖方尽早收汇。
③DRAFT AT 30DAYS FROM THE DATE OF B/L:这是以提单日期作为“远期”起算日,即提单签发日后的30天付款。填写时,只要打上“30DAYS AFTER B/L DATE”。
④THIS L/C IS AVAILABLE WITH US

 BY PAYMENT AT 90DAYS AFTER RECEIPT OF FULL SET OF DOCUMENTS AT OUR COUNTERS:这是一张以付款银行收到全套单据为“远期”起算日的远期算付款信用证。在填制时,应打上“90DAYS AFTER RECEIPT OF FULL SET OF DOCUMENTS AT YOUR COUNTERS”。注意:信用证内容填写OUR XOUNTERS─我方柜台,在汇票上应作相应调整:“YOUR COUNTERS”,作为受益人对付款银行的称呼。
(9)受款人(PAY TO THE ORDER OF…)。此栏目应根据信用证内容填写。如信用证无规定,则填制议付银行的名称和地址,如也无明确哪家银行为议付行,则填制BANK OF CHINA。
如:CREDIT AVAILABLE WITH THE ADVISING BANK NEGOTIATION AGAINST PRESENTATION OF YOUR DRAFTS AT SIGHT DRAWN ON US FOR FULL INVOICE VALUE,此文显示议付必须在ADVISING BANK (通知行)进行,即,议付行就是通知行,故在此栏中填制通知行的名称和地址。
①汇票的受款人通常有以下3种填方法:
A.限制性抬头:如PAY╳ ╳ ╳ONLY(仅付给╳ ╳ ╳)或再加上NOT NEGOTIABLE或NOT TRANSFERABLE(不准流通),这种汇票不能流通,只有指定的爱受款人╳ ╳ ╳才能接受票款。
B.指示抬头:如:PAY TO THE ORDER OF╳ ╳ ╳(由╳ ╳ ╳指定),这种汇票可经受款人╳ ╳ ╳背书转让。
C.持票人或来人抬头:如“PAY BEARER”(给来人),这种汇票转让时无须背书,仅将汇票交给受让人即可。
②汇票的背书方法:
在指示抬头的条件下,汇票只有经过背书才能转让,背书方法一般有以下3种:
A.限定性背书:即背书人(受款人)在汇票背面签字,写明“仅付╳ ╳ ╳(被背书人名称)”或“付给╳ ╳ ╳(被背书人名称)不得转让”。
B.记名背书:即背书人在汇票背面签字,写明“付给╳ ╳ ╳(被背书人的名称)的指定人”。汇票背书后,经过交付,由背书人(转让人)转让给被背书人(受让人),被背书人再作记名背书转让给他人,这样就有了第二、第三等背书人,这样背书的汇票可以连续背书而多次转让。
C.空白背书:又称不记名背书,即背书人在汇票背面只要签字,不写付给某人,即没有被背书人,经空白背书的汇票,任何持有人都可受款或将汇票再转变为记名背书而转让。
(10)汇票的交单日期和地点(DATE AND ADDRESS)。汇票的交日期指受益人把汇票交给议付行的日期。这一栏目一般由议付银行代为填写(它不得早于各种单据的出单日期且在信用证的议付有效日期内)。
(11)付款人(PAYER)。此栏应根据信用证汇票要条款中所规定的付款人填写,可能是开证行,也可能是开

证申请人或另外的一家公司,如信用证规定:DRAFT DRAWN ON APPLLCANT,则此栏填信用证中开证申请人的名称和地址。
又如来证要求:
DRAFT ON US,首先应明确这里的US是指开证行,于是应把开证行的名称和地址填在此栏中。
另外如:VALUE ON US ISSUED ON OURSELVES等,只要把ON后的人明确,即是付款人,如信用证未做任何规定,付款人即为开证行。
(12)出票人(DRAWER)。虽然汇票上没有出票人栏,但习惯上在右下角空白处盖上出票人全称印章和其负责人手签印章。与付款人相对应,出票人即出具汇票的人,一般为出口公司。
(13)特殊条款(SPECIAL CONDITIONS)。虽然汇票上也没有特殊条款一栏,但如信用证上规定汇票中有特殊条款就打印在右上角空白处。
例如来证要求:THE NUMBER OF B/L MUST BE INDICATED IN THE DRAFT,即在汇票右上角打上“THE NUMBER OF B/L IS ╳ ╳ ╳”。

汇票中的英语
1.the kinds of drafts 汇票种类
(1)available by drafts at sight 凭即期汇票付款
(2)draft(s) to be drawn at 30 days sight 开立30天的期票
(3)sight drafs 即期汇票
(4)time drafts 远期汇票
2.drawn clauses 出票条款(注:即出具汇票的法律依据) (1)all darfts drawn under this credit must contain the clause “Drafts drawn Under Bank of…credit No.…dated…” 本证项下开具的汇票须注明“本汇票系凭……银行……年……月……日第…号信用证下开具”的条款
(2)drafts are to be drawn in duplicate to our order bearing the clause “Drawn under United Malayan Banking Corp.Bhd.Irrevocable Letter of Credit No.…dated July 12, 1978” 汇票一式两份,以我行为抬头,并注明“根据马来西亚联合银行1978年7月12日第……号不可撤销信用证项下开立”
(3)draft(s) drawn under this credit to be marked:“Drawn under…Bank L/C No.……Dated (issuing date of credit)” 根据本证开出得汇票须注明“凭……银行……年……月……日(按开证日期)第……号不可撤销信用证项下开立”
(4)drafts in duplicate at sight bearing the clauses“Drawn under…L/C No.…dated…” 即期汇票一式两份,注明“根据……银行信用证……号,日期……开具”
(5)draft(s) so drawn must be in scribed with the number and date of this L/C 开具的汇票须注上本证的号码和日期
(6)draft(s) bearing the clause:“Drawn under documentary credit No.…(shown above) of…Bank” 汇票注明“根据……银行跟单信用证……号(如上所示)项下开立”
3. 开立汇票以支付装运费 In order to cover the shipment we will draw a draft at sight on you under an irrevocable letter of credit and ask you to honor it on presentation to you.
4. 要求变更汇票日期 You

require a draft at sight under irrevocable L/C as payment terms.
However would you make them a little easier?
We would like you to allow us a draft at 90 d/s under an irrevocable L/C.
5. 要求对方开立包括各种费用的汇票 As for the payment, we would like you to draw a draft at 30 d/s on us for the invoice amount plus shipping and other expenses with a 10% commission.
6. 要求连同汇票寄来装船文件 Please draw on us for the full amount of your invoice at 60 d/s and attach such relative shipping documents as the commercial invoices, bill of lading, insurance policy, packing lists, certificate and list of weight and /or measurement, to your draft.
7.同意变更汇票的付款条件 As our maximum concessions to the payment, we will admit your payment of a draft at 60 d/s under documents against acceptance.
Therefore please let us know immediately if these terms are acceptable to you.
8. 要求寄送装运的汇票及提单 As to the execution of this order, we agree to accept our order in three shipments.
Therefore we request you send a sight draft on us under documents against payment at every shipment attaching the B/L.
9. 通知对方愿意接受汇票 In order to ensure your earlier shipment, we have instructed The Mitsui Bank, New York to accept a draft drawn by you for a sum of US$35,000.
10. 同意接受汇票, 并要求迅速履行订货 We have today instructed our bankers, The Bank of Tokyo, London to accept your draft at 90 d/s on us drawn under irrevocable L/C and would ask you to execute our order promptly.
11. 要求接受汇票并汇款 As to this business, we will draw our draft at 30 d/s on you against the 100 units of the construction machines for a sum amounting to US$750,000 under the L/C.
We ask you to accept it on presentation and honor it on maturity.
12.委托分别开立汇票 Please pay at sight the first of the drafts providing the second of the same tenor and date being unpaid to the order to ourselves the sum of fifty thousand US dollars only.
13. 提议变更付款条件 Concerning the payment of this transaction, we suggest a 90 d/s draft under D/A apart from the usual terms of business.
The market here is quite dull and we are overstocked now.
Therefore we believe this is quite acceptable to you.

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