常用化学反应英文单词
化学反应工程术语中英对照
reaction pressure
fluidized/fluid bed
molecular reaction
分子反应 free radical
slurry/suspension bed
名称
英文名称
activation energy
可逆反应 apparent activation energy
2
化学反应
名称 sequential reaction
parallel reaction
carboniumion
宏观反应 secondary reaction
reaction mechanism perfect mixing flow
Arrhenius equation
disproportionation reaction
3
化学反应
名称
英文名称
主反应
main reaction
副反应
side reaction
理想反应
ideal reaction
非理想反应 non-ideal reaction
一次反应
primary reaction
二次反应
secondary reaction
4
化学反应
名称 简单反应 复杂反应 平行反应 顺序反应 歧化反应
11
化学反应相态
名称 气相反应 气-液反应 气-液-固反应 液-液反应
英文名称 gas phase reaction gas-liquid reaction gas-liquid-solid reaction liquid-liquid reaction
12
常用化学反应英文单词
acetate 醋酸盐acid 酸Actinium(Ac) 锕aldehyde 醛alkali 碱,强碱alkalinity 碱性alkalinization 碱化alkaloid 生物碱alloy 合金Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅ammonia 氨analysis 分解anhydride 酐anion 阴离子anode 阳极,正极Antimony(Sb) 锑apparatus 设备aqua fortis 王水Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷asphalt 沥青Astatine(At) 砹atom 原子atomic mass 原子质量atomic number 原子数atomic weight 原子量Barium(Ba) 钡base 碱benzene 苯Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋bivalent 二价body 物体bond 原子的聚合Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Bunsen burner 本生灯burette 滴定管butane 丁烷Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳catalysis 催化作用catalyst 催化剂cathode 阴极,负极cation 阳离子caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠Cerium(Ce) 铈chemical fiber 化学纤维Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴combination 合成作用combustion 燃烧compound 合成物compound 化合物Copper(Cu) 铜cracking 裂化crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚crude oil, crude 原油cupel 烤钵Curium(Cm) 锔derivative 衍生物dissolution 分解distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔distillation 蒸馏Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿electrode 电极electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electron 电子element 元素endothermic reaction 吸热反应Erbium(Er) 铒ester 酯Europium(Eu) 铕exothermic reaction 放热反应fatty acid 脂肪酸fermentation 发酵Fermium(Fm) 镄filter 滤管flask 烧瓶Fluorine(F) 氟fractional distillation 分馏fractionating tower 分馏塔fractionation 分馏Francium(Fr) 钫fuel 燃料fusion, melting 熔解Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓gas oil 柴油gel 凝胶体Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯gram atom 克原子Hafnium(Hf) 铪halogen 成盐元素Helium(He) 氦high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油Holmium(Ho) 钬hydracid 氢酸hydrate 水合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫Hydrogen(H) 氢hydrolysis 水解hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物Indium(In) 铟inorganic chemistry 无机化学Iodine(I) 碘ion 离子Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁isomer 同分异物现象isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象isotope 同位素kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂litmus paper 石蕊试纸litmus 石蕊LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气lubricating oil 润滑油Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰matrass 卵形瓶Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞metal 金属metalloid 非金属methane 甲烷,沼气mixture 混合molecule 分子Molybdenum(Mo) 钼monovalent 单价natural gas 天然气Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌nitric acid 硝酸Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Nuclear Fusion 核聚变octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值olefin 烯烃organic acid 有机酸organic chemistry 有机化学Osmium(Os) 锇oxide 氧化物oxidization, oxidation 氧化Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯paraffin 石蜡petrol 汽油(美作:gasoline)PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂phosphate 磷酸盐Phosphorus(P) 磷pipette 吸液管plastic 塑料Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋polymer 聚合物polymerizing, polymerization 聚合potassium carbonate 碳酸钾Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨precipitation 沉淀product 产物electrochemical analysis 电化学分析on-line analysis 在线分析macro analysis 常量分析characteristic 表征micro analysis 微量分析deformation analysis 形态分析semimicro analysis 半微量分析systematical error 系统误差routine analysis 常规分析random error 偶然误差arbitration analysis 仲裁分析gross error 过失误差normal distribution 正态分布accuracy 准确度deviation 偏差precision 精密度relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)confidence level 置信水平confidence interval 置信区间significant test 显著性检验significant figure 有效数字standard solution 标准溶液titration 滴定stoichiometric point 化学计量点end point 滴定终点titration error 滴定误差primary standard 基准物质amount of substance 物质的量standardization 标定chemical reaction 化学反应concentration 浓度chemical equilibrium 化学平衡titer 滴定度general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法dissociation constant 解离常数conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对acetic acid 乙酸hydronium ion 水合氢离子electrolyte 电解质ion-product constant of water 水的离子积ionization 电离proton condition 质子平衡zero level 零水准buffer solution 缓冲溶液methyl orange 甲基橙acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂phenolphthalein 酚酞coordination compound 配位化合物center ion 中心离子cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数alpha coefficient 酸效应系数overall stability constant 总稳定常数ligand 配位体ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸side reaction coefficient 副反应系数coordination atom 配位原子coordination number 配位数lone pair electron 孤对电子chelate compound 螯合物metal indicator 金属指示剂chelating agent 螯合剂masking 掩蔽demasking 解蔽electron 电子catalysis 催化oxidation 氧化catalyst 催化剂reduction 还原catalytic reaction 催化反应reaction rate 反应速率electrode potential 电极电势activation energy 反应的活化能redox couple 氧化还原电对potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾iodimetry 碘量法potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾cerimetry 铈量法redox indicator 氧化还原指示oxygen consuming 耗氧量(OC)chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO) precipitation 沉淀反应argentimetry 银量法heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡aging 陈化postprecipitation 继沉淀coprecipitation 共沉淀ignition 灼烧fitration 过滤decantation 倾泻法chemical factor 化学因数spectrophotometry 分光光度法colorimetry 比色分析transmittance 透光率absorptivity 吸光率calibration curve 校正曲线standard curve 标准曲线monochromator 单色器source 光源wavelength dispersion 色散absorption cell 吸收池detector 检测系统bathochromic shift 红移Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数hypochromic shift 紫移acetylene 乙炔ethylene 乙烯acetylating agent 乙酰化剂acetic acid 乙酸adiethyl ether 乙醚ethyl alcohol 乙醇acetaldehtde 乙醛β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应open chain compound 开链族化合物molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论chiral molecule 手性分子tautomerism 互变异构现象reaction mechanism 反应历程chemical shift 化学位移Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n Enantiomorph 对映体addition rea ction 加成反应dextro- 右旋levo- 左旋stereochemistry 立体化学stereo isomer 立体异构体Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂covalent bond 共价键conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃conjugated double bond 共轭双键conjugated system 共轭体系conjugated effect 共轭效应isomer 同分异构体isomerism 同分异构现象organic chemistry 有机化学hybridization 杂化hybrid orbital 杂化轨道heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t valence bond theory 价键理论sequence rule 次序规则electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基Huckel rule 休克尔规则Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验infrared spectrum 红外光谱Michael reacton 麦克尔反应halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃haloform reaction 卤仿反应systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法eNewman projection 纽曼投影式aromatic compound 芳香族化合物aromatic character 芳香性rClaisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应positional isomers 位置异构体unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应benzene 苯functional grou 官能团pconfiguration 构型conformation 构象confomational isome 构象异构体electrophilic addition 亲电加成electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂nucleophilic addition 亲核加成nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应active intermediate 活性中间体Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构inductive effect 诱导效应tFehling’s reagent 费林试剂phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物elimination reaction 消除反应Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振alkene 烯烃allyl cation 烯丙基正离子leaving group 离去基团optical activity 旋光性boat confomation 船型构象silver mirror reaction 银镜反应Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应Ketone 酮carboxylic acid 羧酸carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物hydroboration 硼氢化反应bond oength 键长bond energy 键能bond angle 键角carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbocation 碳正离子carbanion 碳负离子alcohol 醇Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则Aldehyde 醛Ether 醚Polymer 聚合物product 化学反应产物Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤purification 净化qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析chemical analysis 化学分析instrumental analysis 仪器分析titrimetry 滴定分析gravimetric analysis 重量分析法regent 试剂chromatographic analysis 色谱分析radical 基Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡reagent 试剂reducer 还原剂refinery 炼油厂refining 炼油reforming 重整retort 曲颈甑reversible 可逆的Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌salt 盐Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒separation 分离series 系列Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠Sodium(Na) 钠solution 溶解solvent 溶剂still 蒸馏釜stirring rod 搅拌棒Strontium(Sr) 锶structural formula 分子式Sulphur(S) 锍sulphuric acid 硫酸symbol 复合synthesis 合成synthetic rubber 合成橡胶Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽test tube 试管Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Thulium(Tm) 铥Tin(Sn) 锡Titanium(Ti) 钛to calcine 煅烧to dehydrate 脱水to distil, to distill 蒸馏to hydrate 水合,水化to hydrogenate 氢化to neutralize 中和to oxidize 氧化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to precipitate 沉淀Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀valence, valency 价Vanadium(V) 钒vaseline 凡士林Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆理想气体状态方程Partial Pressures 分压Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程System and Surroundings 系统与环境State and State Functions 状态与状态函数Process 过程Phase 相The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律Heat and Work 热与功Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热Hess’s Law 盖斯定律Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓Reaction Rates 反应速率Reaction Order 反应级数Rate Constants 速率常数Activation Energy 活化能The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂Enzymes 酶The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数the Direction of Reaction 反应方向Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响Spontaneous Processes 自发过程Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律Entropy Changes 熵变Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变Acid-Bases 酸碱The Dissociation of Water 水离解The Proton in Water 水合质子The pH Scales pH值Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成Solubility 溶解度The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应Oxidation Number 氧化数Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平Half-Reaction 半反应Galvani Cell 原电池Voltaic Cell 伏特电池Cell EMF 电池电动势Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程Electrolysis 电解The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型Line Spectra 线光谱Quantum Numbers 量子数Electron Spin 电子自旋Atomic Orbital 原子轨道The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子Energies of Orbital 轨道能量The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理Electron Configurations 电子构型The Periodic Table 周期表Row 行Group 族Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律Radius of Atoms 原子半径Ionization Energy 电离能Electronegativity 电负性Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷Electron Affinities 亲电性Metals 金属Nonmetals 非金属Valence Bond Theory 价键理论Covalence Bond 共价键Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠Multiple Bonds 重键Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型Molecular Orbital 分子轨道Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子Bond Length 键长Bond Order 键级Bond Angles 键角Bond Enthalpies 键能Bond Polarity 键矩Dipole Moments 偶极矩Polarity Molecules 极性分子Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子Crystal Structure 晶体结构Non-Crystal 非晶体Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallic Bond 金属键Alloys 合金Ionic Solids 离子晶体Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力Molecular Forces 分子间力Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力Hydrogen Bonding 氢键Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体Compounds 化合物The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型Chelates 螯合物Isomerism 异构现象Structural Isomerism 结构异构Stereoisomerism 立体异构Magnetism 磁性Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物General Characteristics 共性s-Block Elements s区元素Alkali Metals 碱金属Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属Hydrides 氢化物Oxides 氧化物Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物Hydroxides 氢氧化物Salts 盐p-Block Elements p区元素Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)Borane 硼烷Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢.Sulfides 硫化物Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物The Noble Gases 稀有气体Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物d-Block elements d区元素Transition Metals 过渡金属Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞f-Block Elements f区元素Lanthanides 镧系元素Radioactivity 放射性Nuclear Chemistry 核化学Nuclear Fission 核裂变analytical chemistry 分析化学Word 资料。
基础化学英语单词
基础化学研究常用英语单词1.inductive effect诱导效应2.Fehling’s reagent费林试剂3.phase transfer catalysis相转移催化作用4.aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物5.elimination reaction消除反应6.Grignard reagent格利雅试剂7.nuclear magnetic resonance核磁共振8.alkene烯烃9.allyl cation烯丙基正离子10.leaving group离去基团11.optical activity旋光性12.boat confomation船型构象13.silver mirror reaction银镜反应14.Fischer projection菲舍尔投影式15.Kekule structure凯库勒结构式16.Friedel-Crafts reaction傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应17.Ketone酮18.carboxylic acid羧酸19.carboxylic acid derivative羧酸衍生物20.hydroboration硼氢化反应21.bond oength键长22.bond energy键能23.bond angle键角24.carbohydrate碳水化合物25.carbocation碳正离子26.carbanion碳负离子27.alcohol醇28.Gofmann rule霍夫曼规则29.Aldehyde醛30.Ether醚31.Polymer聚合物32.The Ideal-Gas Equation理想气体状态方程33.Partial Pressures分压34.Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离35.The van der Waals Equation范德华方程36.System and Surroundings系统与环境37.State and State Functions状态与状态函数38.Process过程39.Phase相40.The First Law of Thermodynamics热力学第一定律41.Heat and Work热与功42.Endothermic and Exothermic Processes吸热与发热过程43.Enthalpies of Reactions反应热44.Hess’s Law盖斯定律45.Enthalpies of Formation生成焓46.Reaction Rates反应速率47.Reaction Order反应级数48.Rate Constants速率常数49.Activation Energy活化能50.The Arrhenius Equation阿累尼乌斯方程51.Reaction Mechanisms反应机理52.Homogeneous Catalysis均相催化剂53.Heterogeneous Catalysis非均相催化剂54.Enzymes酶55.The Equilibrium Constant平衡常数56.the Direction of Reaction反应方向57.Le Chatelier’s Principle列·沙特列原理58.Spontaneous Processes自发过程59.Entropy (Standard Entropy)熵(标准熵)60.The Second Law of Thermodynamics热力学第二定律61.Entropy Changes熵变62.Standard Free-Energy Changes标准自由能变63.Acid-Bases酸碱64.The Dissociation of Water水离解65.The Proton in Water水合质子66.The pH Scales pH值67.Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry酸和碱68.Proton-Transfer Reactions质子转移反应69.Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs共轭酸碱对70.Relative Strength of Acids and Bases酸碱的相对强度71.Lewis Acids and Bases路易斯酸碱72.Hydrolysis of Metal Ions金属离子的水解73.Buffer Solutions缓冲溶液74.The Common-Ion Effects同离子效应75.Buffer Capacity缓冲容量76.Formation of Complex Ions配离子的形成77.Solubility溶解度78.The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp溶度积常数79.Precipitation and separation of Ions离子的沉淀与分离80.Selective Precipitation of Ions离子的选择沉淀81.Oxidation-Reduction Reactions氧化还原反应82.Oxidation Number氧化数83.Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations氧化还原反应方程的配平84.Half-Reaction半反应85.Galvani Cell原电池86.Voltaic Cell伏特电池87.Cell EMF电池电动势88.Standard Electrode Potentials标准电极电势89.Oxidizing and Reducing Agents氧化剂和还原剂90.The Nernst Equation能斯特方程91.Electrolysis电解92.The Wave Behavior of Electrons电子的波动性93.Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom氢原子的波尔模型94.Line Spectra线光谱95.Quantum Numbers量子数96.Electron Spin电子自旋97.Atomic Orbital原子轨道98.Many-Electron Atoms多电子原子99.Energies of Orbital轨道能量100.The Pauli Exclusion Principle泡林不相容原理101.Electron Configurations电子构型102.The Periodic Table周期表103.Row行104.Group族105.Periodic Properties of the Elements元素的周期律106.Radius of Atoms原子半径107.Ionization Energy电离能108.Electronegativity电负性109.Effective Nuclear Charge有效核电荷110.Electron Affinities亲电性111.Metals金属112.Nonmetals非金属113.Valence Bond Theory价键理论114.Covalence Bond共价键115.Orbital Overlap轨道重叠116.Multiple Bonds重键117.Hybrid Orbital杂化轨道118.Molecular Geometries分子空间构型119.Molecular Orbital分子轨道120.Diatomic Molecules双原子分子121.Bond Length键长122.Bond Order键级123.Bond Angles键角124.Bond Enthalpies键能125.Bond Polarity键矩126.Dipole Moments偶极矩127.Polarity Molecules极性分子128.Polyatomic Molecules多原子分子129.Crystal Structure晶体结构130.Non-Crystal非晶体131.Close Packing of Spheres球密堆积132.Metallic Solids金属晶体133.Metallic Bond金属键134.Alloys合金135.Ionic Solids离子晶体136.Ion-Dipole Forces离子偶极力137.Molecular Forces分子间力138.Intermolecular Forces分子间作用力139.Hydrogen Bonding氢键140.Covalent-Network Solids原子晶体pounds化合物142.Chelates螯合物143.Isomerism异构现象144.Structural Isomerism结构异构145.Stereoisomerism立体异构146.Magnetism磁性147.General Characteristics共性148.s-Block Elements s区元素149.Alkali Metals碱金属150.Alkaline Earth Metals碱土金属151.Hydrides氢化物152.Oxides氧化物153.Peroxides and Superoxides过氧化物和超氧化物154.Hydroxides氢氧化物155.Salts盐156.p-Block Elements p区元素157.Borane硼烷158.Sulfides硫化物159.Halides, Chloride卤化物,氯化物160.The Noble Gases稀有气体161.Noble-Gas Compounds稀有气体化合物162.d-Block elements d区元素163.Transition Metals过渡金属164.Potassium Dichromate重铬酸钾165.Potassium Permanganate高锰酸钾166.Iron Copper Zinc Mercury铁,铜,锌,汞167.f-Block Elements f区元素nthanides镧系元素169.Radioactivity放射性170.Nuclear Chemistry核化学171.Nuclear Fission核裂变172.Nuclear Fusion核聚变173.analytical chemistry分析化学174.qualitative analysis定性分析175.quantitative analysis定量分析176.chemical analysis化学分析177.instrumental analysis仪器分析178.titrimetry滴定分析179.gravimetric analysis重量分析法180.regent试剂181.chromatographic analysis色谱分析182.product产物183.electrochemical analysis电化学分析184.on-line analysis在线分析185.macro analysis常量分析186.characteristic表征187.micro analysis微量分析188.deformation analysis形态分析189.semimicro analysis半微量分析190.systematical error系统误差191.routine analysis常规分析192.random error偶然误差193.arbitration analysis仲裁分析194.gross error过失误差195.normal distribution正态分布196.accuracy准确度197.deviation偏差198.precision精密度199.confidence level置信水平200.confidence interval置信区间201.significant test显著性检验202.significant figure有效数字203.standard solution标准溶液204.titration滴定205.stoichiometric point化学计量点206.end point滴定终点207.titration error滴定误差208.primary standard基准物质209.amount of substance物质的量210.standardization标定211.chemical reaction化学反应212.concentration浓度213.chemical equilibrium化学平衡214.titer滴定度215.proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论216.acid-base titration酸碱滴定法217.dissociation constant解离常数218.conjugate acid-base pair共轭酸碱对219.acetic acid乙酸220.hydronium ion水合氢离子221.electrolyte电解质222.ion-product constant of water水的离子积223.ionization电离224.proton condition质子平衡225.zero level零水准226.buffer solution缓冲溶液227.methyl orange甲基橙228.acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂229.phenolphthalein酚酞230.coordination compound配位化合物231.center ion中心离子232.cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数233.alpha coefficient酸效应系数234.overall stability constant总稳定常数235.ligand配位体236.ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid乙二胺四乙酸237.side reaction coefficient副反应系数238.coordination atom配位原子239.coordination number配位数240.lone pair electron孤对电子241.chelate compound螯合物242.metal indicator金属指示剂243.chelating agent螯合剂244.masking掩蔽245.demasking解蔽246.electron电子247.catalysis催化248.oxidation氧化249.catalyst催化剂250.reduction还原251.catalytic reaction催化反应252.reaction rate反应速率253.electrode potential电极电势254.activation energy反应的活化能255.redox couple氧化还原电对256.potassium permanganate高锰酸钾257.iodimetry碘量法258.potassium dichromate重铬酸钾259.cerimetry铈量法260.redox indicator氧化还原指示261.precipitation沉淀反应262.argentimetry银量法263.heterogeneous equilibrium of ions多相离子平衡264.aging陈化265.postprecipitation继沉淀266.coprecipitation共沉淀267.ignition灼烧268.fitration过滤269.decantation倾泻法270.chemical factor化学因数271.spectrophotometry分光光度法272.colorimetry比色分析273.transmittance透光率274.absorptivity吸光率275.calibration curve校正曲线276.standard curve标准曲线277.monochromator单色器278.source光源279.wavelength dispersion色散280.absorption cell吸收池281.detector检测系统282.bathochromic shift红移283.Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数284.hypochromic shift紫移285.acetylene乙炔286.ethylene乙烯287.acetylating agent乙酰化剂288.acetic acid乙酸289.adiethyl ether乙醚290.ethyl alcohol乙醇291.acetaldehtde乙醛292.bimolecular elimination双分子消除反应293.bimolecular nucleophilic substitution双分子亲核取代反应294.open chain compound开链族化合物295.molecular orbital theory分子轨道理论296.chiral molecule手性分子297.tautomerism互变异构现象298.reaction mechanism反应历程299.chemical shift化学位移300.Walden inversio瓦尔登反转301.Enantiomorph对映体302.addition rea ction加成反应303.dextro-右旋304.levo-左旋305.stereochemistry立体化学306.stereo isomer立体异构体307.Lucas reagent卢卡斯试剂308.covalent bond共价键309.conjugated diene共轭二烯烃310.conjugated double bond共轭双键311.conjugated system共轭体系312.conjugated effect共轭效应313.isomer同分异构体314.isomerism同分异构现象anic chemistry有机化学316.hybridization杂化317.hybrid orbital杂化轨道318.heterocyclic compound杂环化合物319.peroxide effect过氧化物效应320.valence bond theory价键理论321.sequence rule次序规则322.electron-attracting grou p吸电子基323.Huckel rule休克尔规则324.Hinsberg test兴斯堡试验325.infrared spectrum红外光谱326.Michael reacton麦克尔反应327.halogenated hydrocarbon卤代烃328.haloform reaction卤仿反应329.systematic nomenclatur系统命名法330.Newman projection纽曼投影式331.aromatic compound芳香族化合物332.aromatic character芳香性r333.Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应334.Claisen rearrangement克莱森重排335.Diels-Alder reation狄尔斯-阿尔得反应336.Clemmensen reduction克莱门森还原337.Cannizzaro reaction坎尼扎罗反应338.positional isomers位置异构体339.unimolecular elimination reaction单分子消除反应340.unimolecular nucleophilic substitution单分子亲核取代反应341.benzene苯342.functional grou官能团343.configuration构型344.conformation构象345.confomational isome构象异构体346.electrophilic addition亲电加成347.electrophilic reagent亲电试剂348.nucleophilic addition亲核加成349.nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂350.nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应351.active intermediate活性中间体352.Saytzeff rule查依采夫规则353.cis-trans isomerism顺反异构。
化学常用英语词汇
化学常用英语词汇1 .The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列沙特列原理27.Effects ofVolume,Pressure,TemperatureChanges andCatalysts体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35.TheProtoninWater水合质子36. The pH Scales pH 值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38.Proton-Transfer Reactions质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54.Half-Reaction半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56.Voltaic Cell伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58.StandardE lectrode Potentials标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s( p ,d ,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73.ThePeriodicTable周期表74.Row行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116.Charges,CoordinationNumbers,andGeometries电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122.E lectronConfigurations inOctahedral Complexes八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s 区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130.Peroxides andSuperoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p 区元素134.BoronGroup(Boron,Aluminium,Gallium,Indium,Thallium)硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid ,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144.OxygenGroup(Oxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,andTellurium)氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145.Ozone,HydrogenPeroxide臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d 区元素152.TransitionMetals过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154.PotassiumPermanganate高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f 区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD )189. coefficient variation 变异系数(CV )190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero leve 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量(OC )254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shif 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转 n 297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应 t 316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱。
化学反应列表含简介及链接(最全)
Allan-Loudon喹啉合成 (Allan-Loudon quinoline synthesis)Allan-Robinson反应 (Allan-Robinson reaction)邻羟基芳酮与芳香酸酐作用环合生成黄酮或异黄酮。
Allen反应 (Allen reaction)Allen-Millar-Mathey重排反应 (Allen-Millar-Mathey rearrangement)Alper羰基化反应 (Alper carbonylation)van Alphen-Hüttel吡唑重排反应 (van Alphen-Hüttel pyrazole rearrangement)Amadori重排反应 (Amadori rearrangement)N-取代的醛糖胺转变成1-氨基-1-去氧-2-酮糖的同分异构反应。
Anderson-Fuchs反应 (Anderson-Fuchs reaction)Ando扁桃酸合成 (Ando mandelic acid synthesis)Andreasch噻唑合成 (Andreasch thiazole synthesis)Andrussov氧化反应 (Andrussov oxidation)Anelli氧化反应 (Anelli oxidation)Angeli呋咱氧化物重排反应 (Angeli furazan oxide rearrangement)Angeli-Rimini合成 (Angeli-Rimini synthesis)d'Angelo不对称麦克尔加成反应 (d'Angelo's asymmetric Michael addition)Anschütz蒽合成 (Anschütz anthracene synthesis)Anschütz羟基香豆素合成 (Anschütz hydroxycoumarin synthesis)Anschütz-Scholl邻羟基苯乙酮合成 (Anschütz-Scholl hydroxyacetophenone synthesis)Appel反应 (Appel reaction)用三苯基膦和四氯化碳将醇转化为氯代烃。
新人教版八年级下册化学单词表
新人教版八年级下册化学单词表以下是八年级下册化学课程的单词表,帮助学生掌握相关化学术语和概念。
1. 元素(Elements)- 氢(Hydrogen)- 氧(Oxygen)- 碳(Carbon)- 氮(Nitrogen)- 铁(Iron)- 锌(Zinc)- 铜(Copper)- 铝(Aluminum)- 水(Water)- 二氧化碳(Carbon Dioxide)- 酒精(Alcohol)- 盐(Salt)- 铁酸盐(Iron Salt)- 铂酸盐(Platinum Salt)- 硫酸(Sulfuric Acid)- 碳酸(Carbonate)3. 反应(Reactions)- 氧化(Oxidation)- 还原(Reduction)- 酸碱反应(Acid-Base Reaction)- 中和(Neutralization)- 沉淀(Precipitate)- 发酵(Fermentation)4. 实验用具(Laboratory Equipment)- 试管(Test Tube)- 烧杯(Beaker)- 硝酸瓶(Nitric Acid Bottle)- 量筒(Graduated Cylinder)- 玻璃棒(Glass Rod)- 漏斗(Funnel)- 电子天平(Digital Balance)- 显微镜(Microscope)5. 单位(Units)- 千克(Kilogram)- 克(Gram)- 毫克(Milligram)- 升(Liter)- 毫升(Milliliter)- 分子(Molecule)- 摩尔(Mole)- 温度(Temperature)这是一个基本的化学单词表,学生应该根据课程内容和教材进一步研究和理解这些概念和术语,以便更好地完成化学研究任务。
请注意,此文档提供的内容来源于通用的化学知识,并不能确保与教材内容完全一致,故建议学生仍然以教材为准。
常用化学反应英文单词
acetate 醋酸盐acid 酸Actinium(Ac) 锕aldehyde 醛alkali 碱,强碱alkalinity 碱性alkalinization 碱化alkaloid 生物碱alloy 合金Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅ammonia 氨analysis 分解anhydride 酐anion 阴离子anode 阳极,正极Antimony(Sb) 锑apparatus 设备aqua fortis 王水Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷asphalt 沥青Astatine(At) 砹atom 原子atomic mass 原子质量atomic number 原子数atomic weight 原子量Barium(Ba) 钡base 碱benzene 苯Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋bivalent 二价body 物体bond 原子的聚合Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Bunsen burner 本生灯burette 滴定管butane 丁烷Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳catalysis 催化作用catalyst 催化剂cathode 阴极,负极cation 阳离子caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠Cerium(Ce) 铈chemical fiber 化学纤维Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴combination 合成作用combustion 燃烧compound 合成物compound 化合物Copper(Cu) 铜cracking 裂化crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚crude oil, crude 原油cupel 烤钵Curium(Cm) 锔derivative 衍生物dissolution 分解distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔distillation 蒸馏Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿electrode 电极electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electron 电子element 元素endothermic reaction 吸热反应Erbium(Er) 铒ester 酯Europium(Eu) 铕exothermic reaction 放热反应fatty acid 脂肪酸fermentation 发酵Fermium(Fm) 镄filter 滤管flask 烧瓶Fluorine(F) 氟fractional distillation 分馏fractionating tower 分馏塔fractionation 分馏Francium(Fr) 钫fuel 燃料fusion, melting 熔解Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓gas oil 柴油gel 凝胶体Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯gram atom 克原子Hafnium(Hf) 铪halogen 成盐元素Helium(He) 氦high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油Holmium(Ho) 钬hydracid 氢酸hydrate 水合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫Hydrogen(H) 氢hydrolysis 水解hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物Indium(In) 铟inorganic chemistry 无机化学Iodine(I) 碘ion 离子Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁isomer 同分异物现象isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象isotope 同位素kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂litmus paper 石蕊试纸litmus 石蕊LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气lubricating oil 润滑油Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰matrass 卵形瓶Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞metal 金属metalloid 非金属methane 甲烷,沼气mixture 混合molecule 分子Molybdenum(Mo) 钼monovalent 单价natural gas 天然气Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌nitric acid 硝酸Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Nuclear Fusion 核聚变octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值olefin 烯烃organic acid 有机酸organic chemistry 有机化学Osmium(Os) 锇oxide 氧化物oxidization, oxidation 氧化Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯paraffin 石蜡petrol 汽油(美作:gasoline)PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂phosphate 磷酸盐Phosphorus(P) 磷pipette 吸液管plastic 塑料Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋polymer 聚合物polymerizing, polymerization 聚合potassium carbonate 碳酸钾Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨precipitation 沉淀product 产物electrochemical analysis 电化学分析on-line analysis 在线分析macro analysis 常量分析characteristic 表征micro analysis 微量分析deformation analysis 形态分析semimicro analysis 半微量分析systematical error 系统误差routine analysis 常规分析random error 偶然误差arbitration analysis 仲裁分析gross error 过失误差normal distribution 正态分布accuracy 准确度deviation 偏差precision 精密度relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)confidence level 置信水平confidence interval 置信区间significant test 显著性检验significant figure 有效数字standard solution 标准溶液titration 滴定stoichiometric point 化学计量点end point 滴定终点titration error 滴定误差primary standard 基准物质amount of substance 物质的量standardization 标定chemical reaction 化学反应concentration 浓度chemical equilibrium 化学平衡titer 滴定度general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法dissociation constant 解离常数conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对acetic acid 乙酸hydronium ion 水合氢离子electrolyte 电解质ion-product constant of water 水的离子积ionization 电离proton condition 质子平衡zero level 零水准buffer solution 缓冲溶液methyl orange 甲基橙acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂phenolphthalein 酚酞coordination compound 配位化合物center ion 中心离子cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数alpha coefficient 酸效应系数overall stability constant 总稳定常数ligand 配位体ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸side reaction coefficient 副反应系数coordination atom 配位原子coordination number 配位数lone pair electron 孤对电子chelate compound 螯合物metal indicator 金属指示剂chelating agent 螯合剂masking 掩蔽demasking 解蔽electron 电子catalysis 催化oxidation 氧化catalyst 催化剂reduction 还原catalytic reaction 催化反应reaction rate 反应速率electrode potential 电极电势activation energy 反应的活化能redox couple 氧化还原电对potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾iodimetry 碘量法potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾cerimetry 铈量法redox indicator 氧化还原指示oxygen consuming 耗氧量(OC)chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO) precipitation 沉淀反应argentimetry 银量法heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡aging 陈化postprecipitation 继沉淀coprecipitation 共沉淀ignition 灼烧fitration 过滤decantation 倾泻法chemical factor 化学因数spectrophotometry 分光光度法colorimetry 比色分析transmittance 透光率absorptivity 吸光率calibration curve 校正曲线standard curve 标准曲线monochromator 单色器source 光源wavelength dispersion 色散absorption cell 吸收池detector 检测系统bathochromic shift 红移Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数hypochromic shift 紫移acetylene 乙炔ethylene 乙烯acetylating agent 乙酰化剂acetic acid 乙酸adiethyl ether 乙醚ethyl alcohol 乙醇acetaldehtde 乙醛β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应open chain compound 开链族化合物molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论chiral molecule 手性分子tautomerism 互变异构现象reaction mechanism 反应历程chemical shift 化学位移Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n Enantiomorph 对映体addition rea ction 加成反应dextro- 右旋levo- 左旋stereochemistry 立体化学stereo isomer 立体异构体Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂covalent bond 共价键conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃conjugated double bond 共轭双键conjugated system 共轭体系conjugated effect 共轭效应isomer 同分异构体isomerism 同分异构现象organic chemistry 有机化学hybridization 杂化hybrid orbital 杂化轨道heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t valence bond theory 价键理论sequence rule 次序规则electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基Huckel rule 休克尔规则Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验infrared spectrum 红外光谱Michael reacton 麦克尔反应halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃haloform reaction 卤仿反应systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法eNewman projection 纽曼投影式aromatic compound 芳香族化合物aromatic character 芳香性rClaisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应positional isomers 位置异构体unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应benzene 苯functional grou 官能团pconfiguration 构型conformation 构象confomational isome 构象异构体electrophilic addition 亲电加成electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂nucleophilic addition 亲核加成nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应active intermediate 活性中间体Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构inductive effect 诱导效应tFehling’s reagent 费林试剂phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物elimination reaction 消除反应Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振alkene 烯烃allyl cation 烯丙基正离子leaving group 离去基团optical activity 旋光性boat confomation 船型构象silver mirror reaction 银镜反应Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应Ketone 酮carboxylic acid 羧酸carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物hydroboration 硼氢化反应bond oength 键长bond energy 键能bond angle 键角carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbocation 碳正离子carbanion 碳负离子alcohol 醇Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则Aldehyde 醛Ether 醚Polymer 聚合物product 化学反应产物Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤purification 净化qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析chemical analysis 化学分析instrumental analysis 仪器分析titrimetry 滴定分析gravimetric analysis 重量分析法regent 试剂chromatographic analysis 色谱分析radical 基Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡reagent 试剂reducer 还原剂refinery 炼油厂refining 炼油reforming 重整retort 曲颈甑reversible 可逆的Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌salt 盐Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒separation 分离series 系列Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠Sodium(Na) 钠solution 溶解solvent 溶剂still 蒸馏釜stirring rod 搅拌棒Strontium(Sr) 锶structural formula 分子式Sulphur(S) 锍sulphuric acid 硫酸symbol 复合synthesis 合成synthetic rubber 合成橡胶Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽test tube 试管Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Thulium(Tm) 铥Tin(Sn) 锡Titanium(Ti) 钛to calcine 煅烧to dehydrate 脱水to distil, to distill 蒸馏to hydrate 水合,水化to hydrogenate 氢化to neutralize 中和to oxidize 氧化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to precipitate 沉淀Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀valence, valency 价Vanadium(V) 钒vaseline 凡士林Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆理想气体状态方程Partial Pressures 分压Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程System and Surroundings 系统与环境State and State Functions 状态与状态函数Process 过程Phase 相The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律Heat and Work 热与功Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热Hess’s Law 盖斯定律Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓Reaction Rates 反应速率Reaction Order 反应级数Rate Constants 速率常数Activation Energy 活化能The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂Enzymes 酶The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数the Direction of Reaction 反应方向Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响Spontaneous Processes 自发过程Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律Entropy Changes 熵变Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变Acid-Bases 酸碱The Dissociation of Water 水离解The Proton in Water 水合质子The pH Scales pH值Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成Solubility 溶解度The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应Oxidation Number 氧化数Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平Half-Reaction 半反应Galvani Cell 原电池Voltaic Cell 伏特电池Cell EMF 电池电动势Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程Electrolysis 电解The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型Line Spectra 线光谱Quantum Numbers 量子数Electron Spin 电子自旋Atomic Orbital 原子轨道The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子Energies of Orbital 轨道能量The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理Electron Configurations 电子构型The Periodic Table 周期表Row 行Group 族Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律Radius of Atoms 原子半径Ionization Energy 电离能Electronegativity 电负性Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷Electron Affinities 亲电性Metals 金属Nonmetals 非金属Valence Bond Theory 价键理论Covalence Bond 共价键Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠Multiple Bonds 重键Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型Molecular Orbital 分子轨道Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子Bond Length 键长Bond Order 键级Bond Angles 键角Bond Enthalpies 键能Bond Polarity 键矩Dipole Moments 偶极矩Polarity Molecules 极性分子Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子Crystal Structure 晶体结构Non-Crystal 非晶体Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallic Bond 金属键Alloys 合金Ionic Solids 离子晶体Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力Molecular Forces 分子间力Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力Hydrogen Bonding 氢键Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体Compounds 化合物The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型Chelates 螯合物Isomerism 异构现象Structural Isomerism 结构异构Stereoisomerism 立体异构Magnetism 磁性Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物General Characteristics 共性s-Block Elements s区元素Alkali Metals 碱金属Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属Hydrides 氢化物Oxides 氧化物Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物Hydroxides 氢氧化物Salts 盐p-Block Elements p区元素Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)Borane 硼烷Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢.Sulfides 硫化物Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物The Noble Gases 稀有气体Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物d-Block elements d区元素Transition Metals 过渡金属Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞f-Block Elements f区元素Lanthanides 镧系元素Radioactivity 放射性Nuclear Chemistry 核化学Nuclear Fission 核裂变analytical chemistry 分析化学Word 资料。
有机化学术语(中英文对照)
1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团functional group双键double bond三键triple bond烃基hydroxy group琉基mercapto硫轻基sulfhydryl group羰基carbonyl group氨基amino group亚氨基imino group硝基nitro group亚硝基nitroso group氰基cyano group羧基carboxyl group磺基sulpho group烷基alkyl group苯基phenyl group卡基benzyl group芳基aryl group烯基allyl group烷氧基alkoxyl group酰基acyl group活性亚甲基active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃hydrocarbon石蜡paraffin脂肪烃aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃alkane烯烃alkene炔烃alkyne共扼二烯烃conjugated diene脂环烃alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物spiro compound桥环化合物bridged ring compound芳烃aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃condensed aromatics卤代烃halohydrocarbon醇alcohol酚phenol醚ether环氧化合物epoxide冠醚crown ether硫醇thiol硫酚thiophenol硫醚sulfide二硫化物disulfide亚磺酸sulfinic acid磺酸sulfonic acid 亚砜sulfoxide砜sulfone醛aldehyde酮ketone半缩醛hemiacetaI半缩酮hemiketal缩醛acetal缩酮ketal西佛碱shiff's base肟oxime腙hydrozone缩氨脲semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌quinone羧酸carboxylic acid酰卤acid halide酸酐acid anhydride酯ester酰胺amide內酯lactone内酰胺lactam月青nitrile取代酸substituted acid羟基酸hydroxy acid醇酸alcoholic acid酚酸phenolic acid酮酸keto acidB-酮酸酯B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物nitroso compound硝基化合物njtro compound亚胺imine胺amine伯胺primary amine仲胺secondary amine叔胺tertiary amine季铵盐quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐diazonium salt偶氮化合物azo compound胍guanidine氨基酸amino acid磷phosphine磷酸酯phosphate亚磷酸酯phosphite膦酸酯phosphonate膦酸phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯pyrrol呋喃furane噻吩thiophone吲哚indole卟吩porphine咪唑imidazole噻唑thioazole吡啶pyridine喹啉quinoline异喹啉isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐pyrylium salts 黄酮flavone嘧啶pirimidine嘌呤purine4.有机天然产物肽peptide多肽polypeptide核酸nucleic acid核苷nucleoside核苷酸nucleotide生物碱alkaloid碳水化合物carbohydrate单糖monosaccharide醛糖aldoses酮糖ketosesD-核糖ribose D-2-脱氧核糖deoxyribose 葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose糖脎osazone糖苷glucoside低聚糖oligosaccharide 麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose纤维二糖cellobiose环糊精cyclodextrin多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch纤维素cellulose类脂lipid萜类化合物terpenoid甾族化合物steroid脂肪fat油oil脂肪酸fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯triglyceride磷脂phospholipid磷脂酸phosphalidic acid蜡wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论valence-bond theory分子轨道理论molecular orbital theory 共振论resonance theory凯库勒式Kekule formula路易斯式Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能bond energy键角bond angle键长bond Iength成键轨道bonding orbital反键轨道antibonding orbital最高已占轨道HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital 最低末占轨道LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应inductive effect共轭效应conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用hyperconjugation离域能delocalization energy共振能resonance energy给电子基团electron donating group吸电子基团electron withdrawing group芳性aromaticity休克尔规律Huckel's rule两性离子Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体isomer构造constitution构型configuration构象conformation构造异构constitutional isomerism立体异构stereo isomerism构型异构configurational isomerism顺反异构cis-trans isomerism次序规则sequence ruIe同侧Zugammen Z异侧Entgegen E顺式cis反式trans对映异构enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构optical isomerism旋光性optical activity旋光度optical rotation比旋光度specific rotation对称面plane of symmetry对称中心center of symmetry对称轴axis of symmetry手性chirality手性分子chiral molecules对映异构体,对映体enantiomer 非对映体diastereomer外消旋体raceme左旋体leveisomer右旋体dextroisomer内消旋体mesomer费歇尔投影式Fischer projection相对构型relative configuration绝对构型absolute configurationR -构型R -configurationS -构型S -configuration赤式erythro苏式threo外消旋化racemization拆分resolution光学纯度Optical Purity对映体过量百分数enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应stereoselective reaction不对称合成asymmetric synthesis构象异构conformational isomerism构象分析conformational analysis锯架式perspective formula 纽曼投影式Newman projection formula椅式chair form船式boat form直立键a键axial bond 平伏键e键equatorial bond互变异构tautomerism酮式keto-form烯醇式enol-form差向异构化epimerization变旋现象mutamerism哈武斯式Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应substitution reaction加成反应addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律Markovnikov rule 共轭加成conjugate addition消去反应elemination reaction查依采夫规律Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律Hofmann rule硼氢化反应hydroboration催化加氢catalytic hydrogenation 聚合反应polymerization单体monomer聚合物polymer硝化反应nitration卤化反应halogenation磺化反应sulfonation烷基化反应alkylation酰基化反应acylation酯化反应esterification酯交换反应transesterification脱羧反应decarboxylation 氯甲基化反应chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应Grignard reaction 格利雅试剂(格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应Reimer-Tiemann reaction 卤仿反应haloform reaction水解反应hydrolysis reaction醇解反应alcoholysis reaction氨解反应ammonolysisi reaction皂化saponification插烯作用vinylogy缩合condensation克莱森缩合Claisen condensation安息香缩合benzoin condensation羟醛缩合aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应Michael reaction诺文格尔反应Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法William Son synthesis海森堡试验Hinsberg test重氮化反应diazotization reaction偶联反应coupling reaction脱氨基反应deamination reaction维悌希反应Wittig reaction氧化反应oxidation reaction还原反应reduction reaction周环反应pericyclic reaction环加成反应cycloaddition reaction电环化反应electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂Fehling reagent托伦试剂Tollens reagent沃克还原Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原Clemmenson reduction考普重排Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排Fries rearrangement克莱森重排Claisen rearrangement二烯体diene亲二烯体dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂homolytic异裂heterolytic活性中间体active intermediate碳正离子carbocation碳负离子carbanion烯醇负离子enolate anion自由基,游离基free radical卡宾,碳烯carbene氮烯nitrene速度决定步骤rate-determining step哈蒙特假定Hammond postulate能线图energy profile过渡状态transition state邻基参与neighboring group participation动力学控制kinetic control热力学控制thermodynamic control离去基团leaving group底物substrate亲电试剂electrofphile亲核试剂nucleophile亲电加成反应electrophilic addition亲电取代反应electrophilic substitution定位规律orientation rule亲核取代反应nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化Walden inversion亲核加成反应nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理E2 reaction mechanism反式消去anti elimination重排反应机理rearrangement reaction mechanism 自由基反应free radical reaction链引发chain initation链增长chain propagation链终止chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换Fourier Transform指纹区finger print region吸收频率absorption frequency紫外光谱UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁elctronic transition吸光度absorbance摩尔消光系数molar extinction coefficient发色团chromophore助色团auxochrome核磁共振NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应shielding effect化学位移chemical shift自旋偶合spin-spin coupling自旋裂分spin-spin splitting偶合常数coupling constant质子去偶proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶proton off-resonance decoupling质谱Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击election impact (EI)快原子轰击fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰molecular ion peak同位素峰isotopic peak基峰base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键hydrogen bond色散力dispersion force 范德华力Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点melting point沸点boiling point密度density溶解度solubility偶极矩dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性acidity碱性basicity<HTML>本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用,请勿它用!</HTML>有机化合物编辑[yǒu jīhuàhéwù]有机化合物主要由氢元素、碳元素组成,含碳的化合物,但是不包括一氧化碳、二氧化碳和以碳酸根结尾的物质。
(完整版)化学专业英语
(完整版)化学专业英语一、基础词汇篇1. 原子与分子Atom(原子):物质的基本单位,由质子、中子和电子组成。
2. 化学反应Reactant(反应物):参与化学反应的物质。
Product(物):化学反应后的物质。
Catalyst(催化剂):能改变化学反应速率而本身不发生永久变化的物质。
3. 物质状态Solid(固体):具有一定形状和体积的物质。
Liquid(液体):具有一定体积,无固定形状的物质。
Gas(气体):无固定形状和体积的物质。
4. 酸碱盐Acid(酸):在水溶液中能电离出氢离子的物质。
Base(碱):在水溶液中能电离出氢氧根离子的物质。
Salt(盐):由酸的阴离子和碱的阳离子组成的化合物。
5. 溶液与浓度Solution(溶液):由溶剂和溶质组成的均匀混合物。
Solvent(溶剂):能溶解其他物质的物质。
Solute(溶质):被溶解的物质。
Concentration(浓度):溶液中溶质含量的度量。
二、专业术语篇1. 有机化学Organic Chemistry(有机化学):研究碳化合物及其衍生物的化学分支。
Functional Group(官能团):决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。
Polymer(聚合物):由许多重复单元组成的大分子化合物。
2. 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry(无机化学):研究不含碳的化合物及其性质的化学分支。
Crystal(晶体):具有规则排列的原子、离子或分子的固体。
OxidationReduction Reaction(氧化还原反应):涉及电子转移的化学反应。
3. 物理化学Physical Chemistry(物理化学):研究化学现象与物理现象之间关系的化学分支。
Chemical Bond(化学键):原子间相互作用力,使原子结合成分子。
Thermodynamics(热力学):研究能量转换和物质性质的科学。
4. 分析化学Analytical Chemistry(分析化学):研究物质的组成、结构和性质的科学。
(完整版)化工专业英语词汇汇总
reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收unconverted reactant未转化的反应物chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization结晶drying干燥screening筛选,浮选chemical reaction化学反应cracking of petroleum石油裂解catalyst催化剂,reaction zone反应区conservation of mass and energy能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应 separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用,成本,基建投资yield 产率,收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料,原料product 产物,产品percent conversion百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物,不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性,气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收;absorption:吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品,特种化学品batch间歇的;continuous:连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成. commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器,探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap 收集,捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数,因子,系数,比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace 火炉,燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux(通量,流通量)of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流,涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz 熔化的石英reflect 反射,inflection:折射matte无光泽的,无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近,靠近..,大约…,在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力,阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick’s Law 费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔 installation 装置 feed 进料bottom 底部,塔底solvent 溶剂top 顶部,塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A与B的比值with the result that:由于的缘故,鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料 pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂 optimum 最优的unabsorbed component未吸收组分 purity纯度volatility挥发性vapor pressure蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense凝缩,冷凝binary distillation双组分精馏multi-component distillation多组分精馏stage-type distillation column级板式精馏塔mount 安装,固定conduit导流管),downcomer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler再沸器 vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液,凝缩液overhead vapor塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器i feed tray进料板base塔底,基础bottoms product塔底产品condensation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提馏段distillate section精馏段total condense全凝器distillate product塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步结晶solubility,溶解度,溶解性soluble可溶解的 solvent溶剂employ采纳,利用miscible可混合的,可溶的,可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离)liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffin石蜡,链烷烃lubricating oil润滑油decompose分解,离解,还原,腐烂penicillin青霉素streptomycin(链霉素)precipitation沉淀,沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement热负荷solute溶质extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流挡板,缓冲挡板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge离心.离心机,离心分离emulsifying agent乳化剂density difference密度差raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material过程物料(相对最终产品而言的)organic有机的,有机物的benzene苯humidity湿度moisture content湿含量drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content临界湿湿含量falling-rate降速concave (凸的,凸面)or convex(凹的,凹面)approximate to:接近,趋近straight line:直线constant-rate drying period恒速干燥阶段convection drying对流干燥drying gas干燥气体falling-rate period降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor变色,脱色sublime升华freeze drying冷冻干燥adiabatic绝热的,不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to:与----垂直counter-current逆流per unit area单位面积water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat(sensible heat:显热)water droplet水珠,水滴quantitative relation定量关系thermal diffusion热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角,与…垂直by virtue of 由于,根据,凭借于molecular transfer分子传递balance 抵消,平衡drag forces曳力a function of …的函数of the same order具有同一数量级eddy diffusion涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow充分发展湍流coefficient系数In principle从原理而言exothermic(放热的,endothermic吸热的,adiabatic绝热的)triple bond三健,三价nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compound化合物conversion转化,转化率protein蛋白质compress压缩reaction yield反应产率reaction speed反应速度one-pass(单程)reactor energy input能量输入maximum最大的near toequilibrium接近平衡output产出,输出,产量fertilizer化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate硝酸铵ammonium phosphate磷酸铵ammonium sulfate硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氢铵ash纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂via经,由,通过,借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氢nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集装炸药crude oil原油natural gas天然气bitumen沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt沥青oil drilling采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡胶fiber纤维soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗剂wax石蜡explosive炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock沉积岩sandstone砂岩siltstone泥岩tar sand沥青石chain-shaped链状的methane甲烷paraffin石蜡,烷烃ring-shaped(环状的)hydrocarbon naphthene环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的,焦油的,焦油状的asphaltene沥青油impurity杂质pollutant 污染物combustion燃烧capillarity毛细现象,毛细管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker油轮 kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain(带支链的)materials science材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior. (机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能)Amalgam 汞齐,水银;混合物,交叉solid state physics固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学,冶金术magnet 磁铁,有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的,非晶型的,非结晶的,玻璃状的;无一定目的的,乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model水力学模型two-phase flow两相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release释放,排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识,technical evaluation技术评估safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验technical competence技术能力safety knowledge安全知识design engineer设计师cost engineer造价师process engineering过程工程plant layout工厂布局general service facilities公用工程plant location工厂选址close teamwork紧密的团队协作specialized group专业组storage仓库waste disposal废物处理terminology术语,词汇accountant会计师,会计,出纳final-proposal决议tangible return有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control(过程控制)first-principles基本原理,基本规则regression model回归模型.operating condition操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度,程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification模式识别neural network神经网络a priori:先验的,既定的,不根据经验的,由原因推出结果的,演绎的,直觉的process data historian:过程数据历史编撰师qualitative定性的quantitative precision定量的精确high-fidelity高保真的computationally intensive计算量大的mathematical expression steady-state model稳态模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助听器 artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ辅助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科学家agricultural engineer农艺师fermentation发酵civil engineer土木工程师sanitation卫生physiologists生理学criteria 指标human medicine人体医学medical electronics医疗电子medical instrumentation医疗器械blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学prosthetics假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon外科医生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理学家counterpart对应物,配对物psychology心理学self-taught自学barrier障碍物medical engineering医学工程,医疗工程health care保健diagnostic application of computers计算机诊断agricultural engineering农业工程biological production生物制品生产bionics(仿生学)human-factors engineering人类与环境工程environmental health engineering环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品styrene苯乙烯ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会as a whole整体而言emission释放物,排放物voluntary自愿的,无偿的,义务的;有意的,随意的;民办的in the absence of无---存在deactivate失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精细化工Pharmaceutical制药segment段,片,区间,部门,部分;弓形,圆缺;分割,切断tonnage吨位,吨数,吨产量inorganic salt无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate论证,证明,证实;说明,表明,显示forefront最前线,最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous无水的phaseout消除HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation催化氧化governmental regulation政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate药物中间体stereoselective立体选择性的ketone酮functional group官能团detrimental有害的chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳,氟里昂carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳 straightforward简单明了的coordinating ligand配合体,向心配合体kilogram千克thermal stability热稳定性devastate破坏,蹂躏outline描绘,勾勒membrane technology膜技术production line生产线dairy牛奶water purification水净化ifetime寿命membrane module膜组件durability 耐久性,寿命,使用期限,强度chemical additive添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system封闭系统substitute取代,替代technical challenge技术挑战,技术困难wastewater treatment污水处理fouling污垢,发泡surface treatment表面处理applied Chemistry应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的refix前缀alkane烷烃family族carbon skeleton碳骨架chain链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix后缀constitute取代物,取代基homologous series同系物branched chain支链烷烃parent母链,主链derivative衍生物substituent取代基locant位次,位标replicating prefix重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry分析化学moving gas stream移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient活度系数counteract抵消milliliter毫升essential oil香精油test mixture测试混合物sample样品helium氦argon氩carrier载体injection注射stationary nonvolatile phase静止的不挥发相detector检测器fraction collector馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography柱状液相色谱仪retention volume保留体积retention times保留时间high-performance高性能mobile phase移动相high-efficiency高效的analyte分析物plane chromatography薄层色谱capillary action毛细管作用assay分析化验fluorescence 荧光色,荧光retardation factor保留因子,延迟因子。
化学反应工程术语(中英对照)
化学反应
名称
均相反应 非均相反应 吸热反应 放热反应 基元反应
英文名称
homogeneous reaction heterogeneous reaction endothermic reaction exothermic reaction elementary reaction
化学反应
化学反应
名称
主反应 副反应 理想反应 非理想反应 一次反应 二次反应
英文名称
main reaction side reaction ideal reaction non-ideal reaction primary reaction secondary reaction
名称
简单反应 复杂反应 平行反应 顺序反应 歧化反应
名称
滴流床 快速床 输送床 管式反应器 塔式反应器
化学反应器
英文名称
trickle bed fast bed transport bed tubular reactor column/tower reactor
reaction order first order reaction second order reaction pseudo-first order reaction zero order reaction
名称
英文名称
活化能 频率因子,指前因子 反应速率常数 表观活化能 阿累尼乌斯
反应动力学
activation energy frequency factor, pre-exponential factor reaction rate constant apparent activation energy Arrhenius equation
化工术语中英文对照
化工术语中英文对照在化工领域中,有许多术语用来描述不同的化学过程、化学物质和实验设备。
这些术语通常使用中文和英文两种语言来表达,因此熟悉化工术语的中英文对照是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的化工术语,并提供它们的中英文对照。
1. 化学过程术语1.1 氧化(Oxidation)•中文:氧化•英文:Oxidation1.2 还原(Reduction)•中文:还原•英文:Reduction1.3 反应(Reaction)•中文:反应•英文:Reaction1.4 反应速率(Reaction Rate)•中文:反应速率•英文:Reaction Rate1.5 氧化反应(Oxidation Reaction)•中文:氧化反应•英文:Oxidation Reaction1.6 还原反应(Reduction Reaction)•中文:还原反应•英文:Reduction Reaction1.7 酸碱中和反应(Neutralization Reaction)•中文:酸碱中和反应•英文:Neutralization Reaction 2. 化学物质术语2.1 水(Water)•中文:水•英文:Water2.2 盐(Salt)•中文:盐•英文:Salt2.3 酸(Acid)•中文:酸•英文:Acid 2.4 碱(Alkali)•中文:碱•英文:Alkali 2.5 溶液(Solution)•中文:溶液•英文:Solution2.6 离子(Ion)•中文:离子•英文:Ion2.7 分子(Molecule)•中文:分子•英文:Molecule 2.8 化合物(Compound)•中文:化合物•英文:Compound3. 实验设备术语3.1 烧杯(Beaker)•中文:烧杯•英文:Beaker3.2 镊子(Tweezers)•中文:镊子•英文:Tweezers3.3 温度计(Thermometer)•中文:温度计•英文:Thermometer 3.4 试管(Test Tube)•中文:试管•英文:Test Tube3.5 漏斗(Funnel)•中文:漏斗•英文:Funnel3.6 量筒(Graduated Cylinder)•中文:量筒•英文:Graduated Cylinder 3.7 手套(Gloves)•中文:手套•英文:Gloves3.8 磁力搅拌器(Magnetic Stirrer)•中文:磁力搅拌器•英文:Magnetic Stirrer结论掌握化工术语的中英文对照对于理解化工过程、交流和学习非常重要。
化学反应工程术语中英对照
2
化学反应
名称
• 宏观反应 • 微观反应
• 分子反应
• 可逆反应
• 不可逆反应
英文名称
• macroscopic reaction
• microscopic reaction • molecular reaction
• reversible reaction
• irreversible reaction, nonreversible reaction
• reaction order
• 一级反应
• first order reaction
• 二级反应
• second order reaction
• 准/拟一级反应 • pseudo-first order reaction
• 零级反应
• zero order reaction
8
反应动力学
名称
英文名称
3
化学反应
名称
• 主反应
• 副反应 • 理想反应 • 非理想反应
• 一次反应 • 二次反应
英文名称
• main reaction
• side reaction
• ideal reaction • non-ideal reaction • primary reaction
• secondary reaction
化学反应工程术语中英对照
化学反应
名称 • 均相反应 • 非均相反应
• 吸热反应
• 放热反应
• 基元反应
英文名称
• homogeneous reaction • heterogeneous reaction • endothermic reaction
• exothermic reaction • elementary reaction
化学常用英语词汇
实用文档1.The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热实用文档13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms (机制 ) 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis ( catalysis 英 [kə'tæləs Is] n.催化作用) 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向实用文档26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, TemperatureChanges andCatalysts 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程( spontaneous [spɒnˈte ɪniəs] adj. 自发的;自然的;天然产生的;无意识的)29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵 (标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The ProtoninWater 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH 值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱实用文档38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀实用文档51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. StandardElectrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型实用文档64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s ( p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. ThePeriodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数实用文档77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道实用文档90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构实用文档103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构实用文档116. Charges, CoordinationNumbers, andGeometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. ElectronConfigurations inOctahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s 区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属实用文档128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides andSuperoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p 区元素134. BoronGroup(Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备实用文档140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. OxygenGroup(Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, andTellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, HydrogenPeroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d 区元素实用文档152. TransitionMetals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. PotassiumPermanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f 区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析实用文档165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析实用文档178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差( RSD ) 189. coefficient variation 变异系数( CV )190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero leve 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量( OC )254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shif 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β -dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转 n 297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应 t 316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验。
(完整word版)化工专业英语词汇
化工专业英语词汇reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收unconverted reactant未转化的反应物chemical reactortransfer of heat,evaporation,crystallization结晶drying干燥screening筛选,浮选chemical reaction化学反应cracking of petroleum石油裂解catalyst催化剂,reaction zone反应区conservation of mass and energy能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用,成本,基建投资yield 产率,收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料,原料product 产物,产品percent conversion百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物,不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性,气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收;absorption:吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品,特种化学品batch间歇的;continuous:连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成.commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器,探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap 收集,捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数,因子,系数,比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace 火炉,燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux(通量,流通量)of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流,涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz 熔化的石英reflect 反射,inflection:折射matte无光泽的,无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近,靠近..,大约…,在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力,阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick’s Law费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 装置feed 进料bottom 底部,塔底solvent 溶剂top 顶部,塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A与B的比值with the result that:由于的缘故,鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂optimum 最优的unabsorbed component未吸收组分purity纯度volatility挥发性vapor pressure蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense凝缩,冷凝binary distillation双组分精馏multi-component distillation多组分精馏stage-type distillation column级板式精馏塔mount 安装,固定conduit导流管),downcomer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler再沸器vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液,凝缩液overhead vapor塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器ifeed tray进料板base塔底,基础bottoms product塔底产品condensation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提馏段distillate section精馏段total condense全凝器distillate product塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步结晶solubility,溶解度,溶解性soluble可溶解的solvent溶剂employ采纳,利用miscible可混合的,可溶的,可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离)liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffin石蜡,链烷烃lubricating oil润滑油decompose分解,离解,还原,腐烂penicillin青霉素streptomycin(链霉素)precipitation沉淀,沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement热负荷solute溶质extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流挡板,缓冲挡板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge离心.离心机,离心分离emulsifying agent乳化剂density difference密度差raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material过程物料(相对最终产品而言的) organic有机的,有机物的benzene苯humidity湿度moisture content湿含量drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content临界湿湿含量falling-rate降速concave (凸的,凸面)or convex(凹的,凹面)approximate to:接近,趋近straight line:直线constant-rate drying period恒速干燥阶段convection drying对流干燥drying gas干燥气体falling-rate period降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor变色,脱色sublime升华freeze drying冷冻干燥adiabatic绝热的,不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to:与----垂直counter-current逆流per unit area单位面积water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat(sensible heat:显热)water droplet水珠,水滴quantitative relation定量关系thermal diffusion热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角,与…垂直by virtue of 由于,根据,凭借于molecular transfer分子传递balance 抵消,平衡drag forces曳力a function of …的函数of the same order具有同一数量级eddy diffusion涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow充分发展湍流coefficient系数In principle从原理而言exothermic(放热的,endothermic吸热的,adiabatic绝热的)triple bond三健,三价nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compound化合物conversion转化,转化率protein蛋白质compress压缩reaction yield反应产率reaction speed反应速度one-pass(单程) reactorenergy input能量输入maximum最大的near toequilibrium接近平衡output产出,输出,产量fertilizer化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate硝酸铵ammonium phosphate磷酸铵ammonium sulfate硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氢铵 ash纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂via经,由,通过,借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氢nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集装炸药crude oil原油natural gas天然气bitumen沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt沥青oil drilling采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡胶fiber纤维soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗剂wax石蜡explosive炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock沉积岩sandstone砂岩siltstone泥岩tar sand沥青石chain-shaped链状的methane甲烷paraffin石蜡,烷烃ring-shaped(环状的)hydrocarbon naphthene环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的,焦油的,焦油状的asphaltene沥青油impurity杂质pollutant 污染物combustion燃烧capillarity毛细现象,毛细管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker油轮kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain(带支链的)materials science材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior. (机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能)Amalgam 汞齐,水银;混合物,交叉solid state physics固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学,冶金术magnet 磁铁,有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的,非晶型的,非结晶的,玻璃状的;无一定目的的,乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model水力学模型two-phase flow两相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release释放,排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识,technical evaluation技术评估safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验technical competence技术能力safety knowledge安全知识design engineer设计师cost engineer造价师process engineering过程工程plant layout工厂布局general service facilities公用工程plant location工厂选址close teamwork紧密的团队协作specialized group专业组storage仓库waste disposal废物处理terminology术语,词汇accountant会计师,会计,出纳final-proposal决议tangible return有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control(过程控制)first-principles基本原理,基本规则regression model回归模型.operating condition操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度,程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification模式识别neural network神经网络a priori:先验的,既定的,不根据经验的,由原因推出结果的,演绎的,直觉的process data historian:过程数据历史编撰师qualitative定性的quantitative precision定量的精确high-fidelity高保真的computationally intensive计算量大的mathematical expressionsteady-state model稳态模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助听器artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ辅助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科学家agricultural engineer农艺师fermentation发酵civil engineer土木工程师sanitation卫生physiologists生理学criteria 指标human medicine人体医学medical electronics医疗电子medical instrumentation医疗器械blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学prosthetics假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon外科医生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理学家counterpart对应物,配对物psychology心理学self-taught自学barrier障碍物medical engineering医学工程,医疗工程health care保健diagnostic application of computers计算机诊断agricultural engineering农业工程biological production生物制品生产bionics(仿生学)human-factors engineering人类与环境工程environmental health engineering环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品styrene苯乙烯ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会as a whole整体而言emission释放物,排放物voluntary自愿的,无偿的,义务的;有意的,随意的;民办的in the absence of无---存在deactivate失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精细化工Pharmaceutical制药segment段,片,区间,部门,部分;弓形,圆缺;分割,切断tonnage吨位,吨数,吨产量inorganic salt无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate论证,证明,证实;说明,表明,显示forefront最前线,最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous无水的phaseout消除HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation催化氧化governmental regulation政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate药物中间体stereoselective立体选择性的ketone酮functional group官能团detrimental有害的chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳,氟里昂carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳straightforward简单明了的coordinating ligand配合体,向心配合体kilogram千克thermal stability热稳定性devastate破坏,蹂躏outline描绘,勾勒membrane technology膜技术production line生产线dairy牛奶water purification水净化lifetime寿命membrane module膜组件durability 耐久性,寿命,使用期限,强度chemical additive添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system封闭系统substitute取代,替代technical challenge技术挑战,技术困难wastewater treatment污水处理fouling污垢,发泡surface treatment表面处理applied Chemistry应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的prefix前缀alkane烷烃family族carbon skeleton碳骨架chain链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix后缀constitute取代物,取代基homologous series同系物branched chain支链烷烃parent母链,主链derivative衍生物substituent取代基locant位次,位标replicating prefix重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry分析化学moving gas stream移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient活度系数counteract抵消milliliter毫升essential oil香精油test mixture测试混合物sample样品helium氦argon氩carrier载体injection注射stationary nonvolatile phase静止的不挥发相detector检测器fraction collector馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography柱状液相色谱仪retention volume保留体积retention times保留时间high-performance高性能mobile phase移动相high-efficiency高效的analyte分析物plane chromatography薄层色谱capillary action毛细管作用assay分析化验fluorescence 荧光色,荧光retardation factor保留因子,延迟因子。
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acetate 醋酸盐acid 酸Actinium(Ac) 锕aldehyde 醛alkali 碱,强碱alkalinity 碱性alkalinization 碱化alkaloid 生物碱alloy 合金Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅ammonia 氨analysis 分解anhydride 酐anion 阴离子anode 阳极,正极Antimony(Sb) 锑apparatus 设备aqua fortis 王水Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷asphalt 沥青Astatine(At) 砹atom 原子atomic mass 原子质量atomic number 原子数atomic weight 原子量Barium(Ba) 钡base 碱benzene 苯Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋bivalent 二价body 物体bond 原子的聚合Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Bunsen burner 本生灯burette 滴定管butane 丁烷Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳catalysis 催化作用catalyst 催化剂cathode 阴极,负极cation 阳离子caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠Cerium(Ce) 铈chemical fiber 化学纤维Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴combination 合成作用combustion 燃烧compound 合成物compound 化合物Copper(Cu) 铜cracking 裂化crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚crude oil, crude 原油cupel 烤钵Curium(Cm) 锔derivative 衍生物dissolution 分解distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔distillation 蒸馏Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿electrode 电极electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electron 电子element 元素endothermic reaction 吸热反应Erbium(Er) 铒ester 酯Europium(Eu) 铕exothermic reaction 放热反应fatty acid 脂肪酸fermentation 发酵Fermium(Fm) 镄filter 滤管flask 烧瓶Fluorine(F) 氟fractional distillation 分馏fractionating tower 分馏塔fractionation 分馏Francium(Fr) 钫fuel 燃料fusion, melting 熔解Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓gas oil 柴油gel 凝胶体Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯gram atom 克原子Hafnium(Hf) 铪halogen 成盐元素Helium(He) 氦high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油Holmium(Ho) 钬hydracid 氢酸hydrate 水合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫Hydrogen(H) 氢hydrolysis 水解hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物Indium(In) 铟inorganic chemistry 无机化学Iodine(I) 碘ion 离子Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁isomer 同分异物现象isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象isotope 同位素kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂litmus paper 石蕊试纸litmus 石蕊LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气lubricating oil 润滑油Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰matrass 卵形瓶Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞metal 金属metalloid 非金属methane 甲烷,沼气mixture 混合molecule 分子Molybdenum(Mo) 钼monovalent 单价natural gas 天然气Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌nitric acid 硝酸Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Nuclear Fusion 核聚变octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值olefin 烯烃organic acid 有机酸organic chemistry 有机化学Osmium(Os) 锇oxide 氧化物oxidization, oxidation 氧化Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯paraffin 石蜡petrol 汽油(美作:gasoline)PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂phosphate 磷酸盐Phosphorus(P) 磷pipette 吸液管plastic 塑料Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋polymer 聚合物polymerizing, polymerization 聚合potassium carbonate 碳酸钾Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨precipitation 沉淀product 产物electrochemical analysis 电化学分析on-line analysis 在线分析macro analysis 常量分析characteristic 表征micro analysis 微量分析deformation analysis 形态分析semimicro analysis 半微量分析systematical error 系统误差routine analysis 常规分析random error 偶然误差arbitration analysis 仲裁分析gross error 过失误差normal distribution 正态分布accuracy 准确度deviation偏差precision 精密度relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)confidence level 置信水平confidence interval 置信区间significant test 显著性检验significant figure 有效数字standard solution 标准溶液titration 滴定stoichiometric point 化学计量点end point滴定终点titration error 滴定误差primary standard 基准物质amount of substance 物质的量standardization 标定chemical reaction 化学反应concentration浓度chemical equilibrium 化学平衡titer 滴定度general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法dissociation constant 解离常数conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对acetic acid 乙酸hydronium ion水合氢离子electrolyte 电解质ion-product constant of water 水的离子积ionization 电离proton condition 质子平衡zero level零水准buffer solution缓冲溶液methyl orange 甲基橙acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂phenolphthalein 酚酞coordination compound 配位化合物center ion 中心离子cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数alpha coefficient 酸效应系数overall stability constant 总稳定常数ligand 配位体ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸side reaction coefficient 副反应系数coordination atom 配位原子coordination number 配位数lone pair electron 孤对电子chelate compound 螯合物metal indicator 金属指示剂chelating agent 螯合剂masking 掩蔽demasking 解蔽electron 电子catalysis 催化oxidation氧化catalyst 催化剂reduction 还原catalytic reaction 催化反应reaction rate 反应速率electrode potential 电极电势activation energy 反应的活化能redox couple 氧化还原电对potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾iodimetry碘量法potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾cerimetry 铈量法redox indicator 氧化还原指示oxygen consuming 耗氧量(OC)chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)precipitation 沉淀反应argentimetry 银量法heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡aging 陈化postprecipitation 继沉淀coprecipitation 共沉淀ignition 灼烧fitration 过滤decantation 倾泻法chemical factor 化学因数spectrophotometry 分光光度法colorimetry 比色分析transmittance 透光率absorptivity 吸光率calibration curve 校正曲线standard curve 标准曲线monochromator 单色器source 光源wavelength dispersion 色散absorption cell吸收池detector 检测系统bathochromic shift 红移Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数hypochromic shift 紫移acetylene 乙炔ethylene 乙烯acetylating agent 乙酰化剂acetic acid 乙酸adiethyl ether 乙醚ethyl alcohol 乙醇acetaldehtde 乙醛β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应open chain compound 开链族化合物molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论chiral molecule 手性分子tautomerism 互变异构现象reaction mechanism 反应历程chemical shift 化学位移Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转nEnantiomorph 对映体addition rea ction 加成反应dextro- 右旋levo- 左旋stereochemistry 立体化学stereo isomer 立体异构体Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂covalent bond 共价键conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃conjugated double bond 共轭双键conjugated system 共轭体系conjugated effect 共轭效应isomer 同分异构体isomerism 同分异构现象organic chemistry 有机化学hybridization 杂化hybrid orbital 杂化轨道heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物peroxide effect 过氧化物效应tvalence bond theory 价键理论sequence rule 次序规则electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基Huckel rule 休克尔规则Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验infrared spectrum 红外光谱Michael reacton 麦克尔反应halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃haloform reaction 卤仿反应systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法eNewman projection 纽曼投影式aromatic compound 芳香族化合物aromatic character 芳香性rClaisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应positional isomers 位置异构体unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应benzene 苯functional grou 官能团pconfiguration 构型conformation 构象confomational isome 构象异构体electrophilic addition 亲电加成electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂nucleophilic addition 亲核加成nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应active intermediate 活性中间体Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构inductive effect 诱导效应tFehling’s reagent 费林试剂phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物elimination reaction 消除反应Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振alkene 烯烃allyl cation 烯丙基正离子leaving group 离去基团optical activity 旋光性boat confomation 船型构象silver mirror reaction 银镜反应Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应Ketone 酮carboxylic acid 羧酸carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物hydroboration 硼氢化反应bond oength 键长bond energy 键能bond angle 键角carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbocation 碳正离子carbanion 碳负离子alcohol 醇Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则Aldehyde 醛Ether 醚Polymer 聚合物product 化学反应产物Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤purification 净化qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析chemical analysis 化学分析instrumental analysis 仪器分析titrimetry 滴定分析gravimetric analysis 重量分析法regent 试剂chromatographic analysis 色谱分析radical 基Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡reagent 试剂reducer 还原剂refinery 炼油厂refining 炼油reforming 重整retort 曲颈甑reversible 可逆的Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌salt 盐Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒separation 分离series 系列Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠Sodium(Na) 钠solution 溶解solvent 溶剂still 蒸馏釜stirring rod 搅拌棒Strontium(Sr) 锶structural formula 分子式Sulphur(S) 锍sulphuric acid 硫酸symbol 复合synthesis 合成synthetic rubber 合成橡胶Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽test tube 试管Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Thulium(Tm) 铥Tin(Sn) 锡Titanium(Ti) 钛to calcine 煅烧to dehydrate 脱水to distil, to distill 蒸馏to hydrate 水合,水化to hydrogenate 氢化to neutralize 中和to oxidize 氧化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to precipitate 沉淀Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀valence, valency 价Vanadium(V) 钒vaseline 凡士林Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆理想气体状态方程Partial Pressures 分压Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程System and Surroundings 系统与环境State and State Functions 状态与状态函数Process 过程Phase 相The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律Heat and Work 热与功Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热Hess’s Law 盖斯定律Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓Reaction Rates 反应速率Reaction Order 反应级数Rate Constants 速率常数Activation Energy 活化能The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂Enzymes 酶The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数the Direction of Reaction 反应方向Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理Effects of V olume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响Spontaneous Processes 自发过程Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律Entropy Changes 熵变Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变Acid-Bases 酸碱The Dissociation of Water 水离解The Proton in Water 水合质子The pH Scales pH值Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成Solubility 溶解度The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应Oxidation Number 氧化数Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平Half-Reaction 半反应Galvani Cell 原电池V oltaic Cell 伏特电池Cell EMF 电池电动势Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程Electrolysis 电解The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型Line Spectra 线光谱Quantum Numbers 量子数Electron Spin 电子自旋Atomic Orbital 原子轨道The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子Energies of Orbital 轨道能量The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理Electron Configurations 电子构型The Periodic Table 周期表Row 行Group 族Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律Radius of Atoms 原子半径Ionization Energy 电离能Electronegativity 电负性Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷Electron Affinities 亲电性Metals 金属Nonmetals 非金属Valence Bond Theory 价键理论Covalence Bond 共价键Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠Multiple Bonds 重键Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型Molecular Orbital 分子轨道Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子Bond Length 键长Bond Order 键级Bond Angles 键角Bond Enthalpies 键能Bond Polarity 键矩Dipole Moments 偶极矩Polarity Molecules 极性分子Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子Crystal Structure 晶体结构Non-Crystal 非晶体Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallic Bond 金属键Alloys 合金Ionic Solids 离子晶体Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力Molecular Forces 分子间力Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力Hydrogen Bonding 氢键Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体Compounds 化合物The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型Chelates 螯合物Isomerism 异构现象Structural Isomerism 结构异构Stereoisomerism 立体异构Magnetism 磁性Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物General Characteristics 共性s-Block Elements s区元素Alkali Metals 碱金属Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属Hydrides 氢化物Oxides 氧化物Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物Hydroxides 氢氧化物Salts 盐p-Block Elements p区元素Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)Borane 硼烷Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢Sulfides 硫化物Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物The Noble Gases 稀有气体Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物d-Block elements d区元素Transition Metals 过渡金属Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞f-Block Elements f区元素Lanthanides 镧系元素Radioactivity 放射性Nuclear Chemistry 核化学Nuclear Fission 核裂变analytical chemistry 分析化学。