Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar——虚拟语气(2)

答案：D
(3)( 天 津 高 考 )If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now. A．will be C．has been B．would be D．would have been
(should) be held ①It is suggested that the English evening ______________
on Saturday.(hold) 有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。 ②It is necessary that he (should) be sent to Beijing right away.(send) 有必要立即派他去北京。 ③He behaved as though nothing had happened .(happen) 他装作若无其事的样子。
(2)(安徽高考)I ________ to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available. A．went C．would go B．had gone D．would have gone
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：昨晚我本应该去参加我堂妹 的生日聚会的，但是我没有空。but I was not available 表 示的是过去的真实情况，为含蓄条件句，相当于 if I had been available (如果我有空的话)。此处为与过去情况相反 的 虚 拟 语 气 ， 主 句 应 使 用 “would/might/could/should ＋ have done”结构，故选 D。
一、虚拟语气的特殊用法 1．含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 有时在虚拟语气中假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句表示出来，而 是通过一个介词、介词短语、连词、分词短语或其他方式表示。常用的 表达有：without, but for, otherwise, or及but等。 Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. 没有了阳光，人们的生活与现在将会大不相同。 But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert. 没有水，在沙漠上生活是不可能的。 I ran all the way to the cinema, otherwise I would have missed the beginning of The Monkey King.
(2)(北京高考)Don’ t handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel. A．is C．has been B．were D．had been
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是钢制的 一样来拿。as if 表示“似乎；好像”，引导的从句通常用虚 拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟，所以 用一般过去时 were。
’t ③If he had not worked (not work) hard last year, he wouldn _________
get (not get) such a great success now. ___
④If it had rained last night, the ground would be (be) wet now. ⑤I’ m really very busy, otherwise I would go (go) there with you.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前花费更多的时间练 习英语口语的话，他现在就能说得更好。此题考查混合条件 句中的虚拟语气，根据语境和时间状语可知，从句是对过去 情况的虚拟，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故选 B。
答案：B
(4)(北京高考)If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. A．have booked C．book B．booked D．had booked
[我的发现] (1)①②句为“It is important/necessary ... that ...”结构中的主语 从句， ③句为“My suggestion is that ...”结构中的表语从句， 其从 句的谓语动词构成形式为：(should＋)动词原形 。 (2)④句为 as if 引导的状语从句，谓语动词用过去完成时表示与 过去相反的假设。 (3)⑤句中 if only (要是……，那该多好啊！)引导的感叹句中，是 对已经发生事情的虚拟，用过去完成 时。 (4)⑥句 but for 引出的为含蓄 的条件。
had＋过去分词
一般过去时(be动词用were)
与将来相反
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
would/could/might＋动词原形
I’ve loved you as if you were my son. 我一直爱你仿佛你是我儿子。
名师点津：as if/though 也可以引导表语从句，根据情况也 常用虚拟语气。 It seems as if he had just returned from the Mars. 好像他刚从火星上回来一样。 (2)在in order that, so that引起的目的状语从句中，谓语动 词多用may/might/can/could＋动词原形。 Let’s hand in the exercises earlier so that the teacher may have time to correct them. 我们早点交练习好让老师有时间改。 The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students could/might hear clearly. 老师讲得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。
3．虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 (1)在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式 表示与现在相反；用过去完成式表示与过去相反等，这一变 化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。
时间
谓语动词的虚拟形式
as if/as
though
与过去相反
与现在相反
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌， (现在)就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。本句是混合虚拟语 气，从句是对过去情况的假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟， 故从句用过去完成时。
答案：D
二、虚拟语气的其他用法 1．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在 It is demanded/necessary/a pity ...＋that ...等结构的主语 从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)do”，其中should 可省略。
我一路跑到电影院，不然我会错过了电影《大闹天宫》的开头。
2．错综条件句中的虚拟语气 在错综条件句中，if从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的 谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照对应的时间而定。 If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in hospital now. 如果你听从了老师的建议，你现在就不会住院了。(从句——过 去，主句——现在) If I were you, I would have taken his advice yesterday. 如果我是你，昨天我就会采纳他的意见。(从句——现在，主句
④It is time that he should make a decision/made a decision .(make) 该是他做出决定的时候了。 ⑤Their plan is that they (should) build a new factory in their hometown.(build) 他们的计划就是在他们家乡建一座新工厂。 ⑥If only I had a bigger house ! (have) 要是我有所更大的房子就好了！
可用的三类词 suggested, ordered, required, demanded, (should) ＋do
It is requested, proposed, desired等
important, necessary, natural, strange 等
that
a pity, a shame 等
——过去)
[即学即练 1]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Without your help, we couldn’t have succeeded (not succeed) in the experiment. ②But for the rain, we would have finished (finish) the work already.
If only he could come tomorrow! 他明天能来有多好啊！ (3)其他一些表示祝愿的句型： May you succeed! 祝你成功！ Long live the People’s Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！
[即学即练 2] (1)完成句子
Unit 2
Section Ⅲ
课前自主领悟
课堂要点精析
课后强化训练
Section Ⅲ
Grammar——虚拟语气(2)
语法图解
探究发现
①It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rules of school. ②It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. ③My suggestion is that we (should) go there at once. ④He talked as if he had known it. ⑤If only I had passed the test! ⑥But for these spelling mistakes, I would have got a full mark in my English examination.
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚准备好。 It is a pity that Lucy (should) be so careless. 真遗憾露茜竟这样粗心。 2．虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision 等需 要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语 气。其谓语动词应用“(should＋)do”，其中should 可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.
4．虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法 (1) It’s (high) time that ...从句中，谓语动词可以使用 过去式，也可使用should＋do；表示“早该……了”，其 中should不可以省略。 It’s time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。 (2)if only ...！要是……多好啊！ If only you hadn’t offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。
答案：B
Ⅰ.单项填空 1．He made a suggestion that the English test ________ until next Wednesday. A．would be put off C．will be put off B．be put off D．was put off