职称英语教材新增文章详解
职称英语阅读理解新增课文详解
M aking Light of1 Sleep【不要太在意睡眠】All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, RI7. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.练习：1. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseA it controls when we wake, when we eat and when we sleep.B it has a cycle of 24 hours.C it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.D it can alarm any time during 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?A Young children's biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.B People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.D Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader thatA it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late.B staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.C during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud.D it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?A Our biological clock resets itself automatically.B light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.D Our internal clock, like the alarm clock, can be reset.5. According to the last two paragraphs, what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?A The human eye had two light-sensing systems.B The human eye had one light-sensing system.C The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.D The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.答案1. B2. C3. B4. C5. B第六篇不要太在意睡眠我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。
(5+1)2021职称英语教材卫生类新增内容
(5+1)2021职称英语教材卫生类新增内容2021职称英语教材卫生类新增内容：阅读理解篇（1）Eat Healthy\your plate!\and \a member of the clean-plate -club!\a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:\Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!\Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying\save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complainabout too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University,told USA Today that restaurant portionsizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the Americanwaistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that aretoo large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer lookat the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents. 词汇：orphan n.孤儿 belly n.肚子nutrition n.营养 waistline n.腰围 paycheck n.薪金支票注释:1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3. take too many bites 吃得太多4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜，其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。
职称英语考试理工类教材新增内容
职称英语考试理工类教材新增内容新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之理工类阅读理解第二十二篇Real World RobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificialintelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and othersensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corre cts or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.【词汇】envision v. 想象，预想device n. 装置accentuate v. 强调，重读artificial intelligence n. 人工智能limb n. 臂antennae n. 天线incline v. 倾斜pendulum n. 钟摆ultrasonic adj. 超声的metallic adj. 金属的monotone n. 单调的humanoid adj. 像人的axle n. 轮轴rotate v. 旋转swivel n. 旋转teeter v. 摇晃gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪vertical n. 直立的【注释】1．To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……2．the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上（以此来探知路径）。
职称英语教材新增内容理工类新增内容
2008年职称英语理工类教材新增部分内容第二部分阅读判断（两篇）第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes EnglandA moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1 in Kent County2. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries."It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride3," said the woman.The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel5, about 8.5 miles south of Dover6 and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel7.Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds."I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me," said Hendrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury8 about 60 miles southeast of London. "I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier9. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down."There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4. 8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham10.The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale11. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France12. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time13before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too mush by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.词汇：moderate adj. 中等的magnitude n. 值，强度量topple v. 倾倒，震倒rouse v. 唤醒tremor n. 震动hop v. 齐足跳起fun-fair n. 公共露天游乐场scale n. 震级Forthcoming adj. 即将来临的evacuate v. 疏散geological adj. 地质的注释:1.power：电力2.Kent County：肯特郡[位于英格兰东南部]3.It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride：它(地震)给人的感觉是整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动。
职称英语理工类教材变动情况(完整详细版)
2021年职称英语理工教材----新增文章1 Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you. 词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑〔=eyelid)motive /məutiv/ n. 动机stuffed /stʌft/ adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。
职称英语考试新版教材解读
职称英语考试新版教材解读
2016年职称英语考试新版教材解读
一、关于新增文章
2016年的职称英语教材综合类、理工类、卫生类只在补全短文部分有所改变，有五篇文章进行了替换，这五篇文章对于考生来说是非常重要的，具体替换文章如下：
卫生类补全短文删除文章(共五篇)，补全短文新增文章(共五篇)
理工类补全短文删除文章(共五篇)，补全短文新增文章(共五篇)
综合类补全短文删除文章(共五篇)，补全短文新增文章(共五篇)
二、关于考试题型
职称英语试卷主要是六种题型，词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意完成句子、阅读理解、补全短文、完形填空，各部分试题分值分布情况如下图：
三、关于备考方法
1.准备一本词典，训练查词典的技巧(推荐群言出版社-新编实用英汉词典)
2.A与B级37篇文章或者C级36篇文章重点研读
3.解题技巧的练习
4.早准备、早复习，适当做一些模拟试题
5.提前练习查词典。
职称英语(卫生类)新增文章译文及解析
Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but it’s not much fun — and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don’t start to diet until old age. Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler’s team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old — equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production一probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,”says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “There’s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn’t sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, the y live longer, but they’re hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, it’s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: ‘I can only eat half of that,. ”Spindler hopes we soon won’t need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.练习：1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?D We have to begin dieting since childhood.2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?B To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?D They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A The mice that started dieting in old age.5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes thatC dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.第二十九篇“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad news for bars and pubs，a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies2 and another 3，500 adults who had never had cancer.After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals3 faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal4 cancer. “ Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites5 traced to smoking or drinking6 by the study volunteers，”Dal Maso says. The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.For their new analysis，the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups，based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week7. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to8 20 drinks 狂week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.9 Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only withmeals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx10. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group11 was only triple that12 in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals. “Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer. ”Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.1. Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with peopleA who drink alcohol outside of mealsur2. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?C It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?A 3 drinks.4. Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?B Laryngeal cancer.5. According to the last paragraph, tissue’s lower exposure to alcoholD reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.第三十九篇SaunaCeremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath，or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and' pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a firethat naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “ savusauna”，is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving, Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion arid speed recovery time. The body’s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to fol low the old saying “feed a cold，starve a fever' The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs8 of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system9 gets a work out10 as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions11 at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.1. Ceremonial bathing _________.C) has various forms2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?B) Saunas with smoke.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT .D) curing asthma4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because_________.A) pores are cleaned by sweat5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?D) All of the above.第二篇 A Biological ClockEvery living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells _ plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells _ insects _ when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away，and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal _ affect the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur _ because of _ the number of hours of daylight. In the short _ days _ of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration _ flight _ twice each year. Birds _ prevented from _ flying become restless when it is time for the trip，_ but _ they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which _ parts _ of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain _ seems to control the timing of some of our actions. These _ cells _ tell a person when to _ awaken _ ，when to sleep and when to seek food . Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr. Moorhead is studying _ how _ our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours._ It _ can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said _ such _ understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory’s production,第九篇The Case of the Disappearing FingerprintsOne useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing _ them._ could become troublesome. A casereleased online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a _ problem _ of losing fingerprints is.Eng-Huat Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine to _ treat._ his nasopharyngeal cancer. After three years on the _ drug. ，the patient decided to visit U. S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U. S. customs officials _ for 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly _ marks _ appearing from his index finger.U. S. customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Their index fingers are printed _ and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys—terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country. Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler，one potential _ side _ effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. _ Hence _ ，no fingerprints.“It is uncertain when fingerprint loss will _ begin _ to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine，” Tan points out. So he cautions any physicians who _ prescribe _ the drug to provide their patients with .a doctor’s note pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didn’t raise any red flags. But he，s also now got the explanatory doctor’s note —and won’t leave home _ without _ it.By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration, _ which _ approved use of the drug11 years ago, should consider _ updating _ its list of side effects associated with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting, stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where _ does _ it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints.第十四篇Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more _ likely _ to go on to university，reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedishmen doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the _ results _ of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link _ between _ good physical fitness andbetter results for theIQ test.Thestrongestlinks are for _ logical_thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays arole _ in the results for the IQ test，and not strength. “Being fit meansthat you also have good heart and lung _ capacity _ and that your braingets plenty of oxygen _ ，”says Michael Nilsson, professor at theSahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the SahlgrenskaUniversity Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why _ we can seea clear link with fitness, but not with muscular strength _. We are alsoseeing that there are growth factors that are important. ”By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able _ todetermine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes thatexplain the link between fitness and a _ higher _ IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who _ improve _ theirphysical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitiveperformance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the SahlgrenskaAcademy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being th e case6,physical _ education _ is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and othertheoretical subjects.”The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _during _ national service with the socio-economic status of the menlater in _ life _. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go intohigher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.X。
职称英语考试教材新增文章综合类精修订
职称英语考试教材新增文章综合类SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#新增文章列表：阅读下面的短文。
每篇短文后面都有7句话，请根据短文的内容判断这些话是正确、错误，还是在短文中没有提到。
第一篇Taking Pictures of the WorldMeet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978，and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn't seen yet.Belt's photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently，her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language.“ The greatest privilege of my job is b eing allowed into peopled lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed by1 how quickly people welcome me!”Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learnto connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel morecomfortable with each other. When people don't speak the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something in commoncan also help break the ice. For example, Belt has traveledwith her two children, so when she takes pictures of childrenor their parents，they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when theyare experiencing it together.Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that can't afford to hire a professional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at yourbest photographs. If you're a real photographer, your photosare good because of your personal and technical skills. Beltalso recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers.Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don't be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be very rewarding.词汇：landscape n.风景，风景画rewarding adj.值得的，有益的，有报酬的privilege n.特权，优惠nationality n 国籍，民族think about 考虑overwhelm vt. 征服;使受不了，使不知所措注释：1. I am often overwhelmed by ...我常常被……搞得不知所措。
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xx职称英语教材新增文章详解
xx年时间已经公布，距离现在还有20天时间。
今年的职称英语考试新增了文章，也出现了一个很有趣的现象，理工卫生综合的新增文章都是补全短文，都是新增了5篇文章，而且内容也一样。
了“Common Questions about Dreams”这篇补全短文，这是综合C,理工C以及卫生C的新增文章，供大家学习。
Common Questions about Dreams
Does everyone dream?
Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep ours every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. 1 We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.
Do people remember their dreams?
A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. 2 It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it
back2. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.
Are dreams in color?
Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the d etails of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. 3
Do dreams have meaning?
Scientists continue to debate this issue.3 4 Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.
How can I learn to understand my dreams?
The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they e from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose
favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. 5 Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will bee clearer to you.
词汇：
vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的
lid /lid/ n. 眼睑(=eyelid)
motive /m?utiv/n. 动机
stuffed /st?ft/adj. 填充的，塞满了的
注释：
1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。
2. bring it back：回忆起它来。
bring back：使回忆起来，带回来、拿回来，使恢复。
3. Scientists continue to debate this issue. 科学家们不断地讨论这个问题。
“debate”作动词“争论，辩论，讨论”讲，既可以是不及物动词也可以是及物动词，作不及物动词时常与
“about/on/upon” 搭配。
练习：
A However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful.
B The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes.
C People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.
D Our most powerful dreams don’t happen during deep sleep.
E To learn to understand your dreams, think about what each part of the dream means to you or reminds you of.
F Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on another day.
答案与题解：
1. B 文中第一局部主要介绍快速眼动睡眠期，而且前一句正好提到每晚快速眼动睡眠期的间隔时间、出现频率及其持续时间的情况。
2. F 题目所在的前一句提到大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几乎所有事情，而后一句中又提到人们对梦的记忆好似没有完全丧失，由此可以推断出中间这一句应该说的是人有时会记起自己的梦。
3. C 文中第三局部提到梦是彩色的，前面主要讲的是人们可能意识不到这个问题以及意识不到的原因，由此可以推断后面应该会提到那些可以意识到这个问题的人。
因此，答案为C。
4. A 文中第四局部讲的是梦的意义，纵观六个选项与局部主题相关的只有选项A，而且后面主要提到人们会利用梦做些什么，这也就意味着人们会思考他们的梦而且相信梦是有意义的。
5. E 由第五局部的标题就可以锁定选项E，而且后一句讲的是要寻找梦与现实的联系，正好与选项E的意思相吻合。
第二篇关于梦的常见问题
每个人都会做梦吗?
是的。
研究说明我们都会做梦。
在一种叫作快速眼动(REM)的睡眠期里，我们会有最清晰生动的梦。
在这种睡眠期里，大脑非常活泼，
眼睛在眼睑下面来来回回地快速移动，而且身体的大肌肉会得到放松。
快速眼动睡眠期每隔90~100分钟会出现一次，一晚会出现3~4次，而且随着入夜渐深，每次持续的时间也会变长。
最后一次快速眼动睡眠期可能会持续长达45分钟。
我们在夜晚的其他时间段也会做梦，但是那些梦没有快速眼动睡眠期里的梦清晰生动。
模板,内容仅供参考。