同济大学桥梁概论-中国古桥鉴赏(英文版)

18
Zhaozhou Bridge (In Hebei Province)
• The Zhaozhou Bridge is 50.82 meters long and 9.6 meters wide; the span of its large stone arch in the middle measures 37.37 meters -- the world's largest arch at the time.
A Brief Introduction of Chinese Ancient Bridges
Department of Bridge Engineering Limin Sun
1
Structure Form of Ancient Bridges
• timber beam-columns bridge－In Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C.) • timber beam-piers bridge－In Tang Dynasty • stone beam-columns bridge－Qin Dynasty • stone beam-piers bridge－Qin Dynasty • timber cantilever girder bridge－Western Jin Dynasty (265-316) • trestle bridge－Qin Dynasty • stone arch bridge－Jin Dynasty • timber arch bridge－Northern Song Dynasty • cable bridge－(300-200 B.C)
9
Decoration of Chinese Ancient Bridges
ornamental pillars on Lugou Bridge
stone memorial archways on Gaoyang Bridge in Anhui Province
10
Decoration of Chinese Ancient Bridges
13
Decoration of Chinese Ancient Bridges
stone railings of Yongtong Bridge in Zhaoxian
stone lion on Lugou Bridge
14
Chinese Ancient Bridges Appreciation
7
Structure Form of Ancient Bridges
cable bridge
8
Decoration of Chinese Ancient Bridges
• • • • • • • ornamental pillars(华表) memorial archways(牌坊) pavilion(亭、榭) veranda(廊、阁) tower(幢塔) railing (木栏、石栏) sculpture (雕塑)
22
Luoyang Bridge(In Quanzhou, Fujian Province)
• 1,200 meters long and 5 meters wide with 46 piers(石墩）, 500 balustrade posts （栏柱）, 28 carved lions（石狮）. • Built from light grey granite（浅灰色花岗岩）, like a silver dragon lying above the water. • The method of reinforcing the foundation of the bridge is very unusual. Thousands of oysters (牡蛎) were bred around the footstones and piers so that their secretions would act as kind of cement.
20
21
Luoyang Bridge(In Quanzhou, Fujian Province)
• Also called Wan‘an Bridge(万安桥） • The earliest stone beam bridge built in the seaport • Built in Song Dynasty (between 1053A.D. and 1056 A.D.)by Cai Xiang（蔡襄）, the governor of Quanzhou.
2
Structure Form of Ancient Bridges
timber beam-columns bridge & timber beam-piers bridge
3ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Structure Form of Ancient Bridges
timber cantilever girder bridge
stone pavilion on Suzhou Baodai Bridge
pavilion at Chengde Imperial Summer Resort
11
Decoration of Chinese Ancient Bridges
corridor bridge in Shexian(歙县廊桥)
16
Lugou Bridge (Marco Polo Bridge)
•
•
•
Construction of the original bridge on this site commenced in 1189 and was completed in 1192 and was later reconstructed in 1698. The Lugou Bridge is 266.5 m in length and 9.3m in width, supported on 10 piers and 11 segmental arches. Hundreds of artistically unique stone lions from different eras line both sides of the bridge. The most intriguing feature of these beasts is the fact that there are more lions hiding on the head, back or under the belly or on paws of each of the big lions. Investigations to determine the total number of animals have been carried out on several occasions but the results have proved inconsistent, ranging anywhere from 482 to 496. For the 800 years since its completion, the bridge has been a well known scenic spot in Beijing.
pavilion on Shuanglong Bridge in Yunnan province
12
Decoration of Chinese Ancient Bridges
stone tower on Luoyang Bridge
wood railings of corridor bridge in Zhuozheng Garden
4
Structure Form of Ancient Bridges
trestle bridge(栈桥)
5
Structure Form of Ancient Bridges
stone arch bridge
6
Structure Form of Ancient Bridges
timber arch bridge
17
Zhaozhou Bridge (In Hebei Province)
The Zhaozhou Bridge is the world's oldest open-spandrel stone segmental arch bridge.Credited to the design of a craftsman named Li Chun, the bridge was constructed in the years 595-605 during the Sui Dynasty (581–618). Located in the southern part of Hebei Province, it is the oldest standing bridge in China. Zhaozhou bridge was dedicated as an International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1991.
• • • • • • • •
Zhaozhou Bridge (In Hebei Province) Anping Bridge (In Jinjiang, Fujian Province) Jinshui Bridge (In Beijing) Lugou Bridge (In Beijing) Luoyang Bridge (In Quanzhou, Fujian Province) Guangji Bridge (In Chaozhou,Guangdong Province) Seventeen arch bridge (In The Summer Palace,Beijing) Hong Bridge（虹桥）,Chengyang Bridge（程阳风雨桥） Taishun Bridge（泰顺廊桥）,Luding Iron Cable Bridge 铁索泸定桥
15
Lugou Bridge (Marco Polo Bridge)
• The Lugou Bridge also known as the Marco Polo Bridge in English, is a famous stone bridge located 15 km southwest of the Beijing city center across the Yongding River—a main tributary of Hai River. • The Lugou Bridge is well-known because it was highly praised by the Venetian traveler Marco Polo during his visit to China in the 13th century. • Over this river there is a very fine stone bridge, so fine indeed, that it has very few equals in the world." - cited from: The Travels of Marco Polo
19
Zhaozhou Bridge (In Hebei Province)
• It has only one main arch and this arch has a span of more than 37 meters. • The bridge has two small side arches on either of the main arch, they serve two important functions: First, they reduce the total weight of the bridge and save the structural materials. Second, in time of flood, they cooperate with the main one allowing water to pass through, thus weaken the flood's impact on the body of the bridge itself.