修辞的翻译
英汉语言对比:修辞
Ⅲ. 汉英语言修辞对比
如果撇开语言体系差异因素不谈,而只着眼于修 辞现象时,英汉语言在修辞格式上显然存在着既 相一致又有更有区别的特点。所以,对这两种语 言的修辞现象进行比较分析,从而借鉴和吸收其 中的有益成分,可以丰富本民族语言,提高本民族 语言的交际功能,同时对英汉互译也是一项极富 意义的工作。
例④:要坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的方向和百 花齐放、百家争鸣的方针,贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群 众,始终把社会效益放在首位,做到经济效益与社会效益 相统一。创作更多反映人民主体地位和现实生活、群众 喜闻乐见的优秀精神文化产品。
We must keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism, uphold the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and maintain close contact with reality, life and the public. We must always give top priority to social benefits and try to ensure both good economic returns and social benefits. We must create more excellent popular works that reflect the peoples' principal position in the country and their real life.
英汉翻译修辞与翻译
第18页,共68页。
oxymoron
• 将相互矛盾的概念和判断巧妙地联系在一起,以便相互映 衬,突出事物的特点,表达复杂的思想感情和意味深长的 哲理。
• Writing is busy idleness.
• 写作是忙碌的消遣。
• Better a witty fool than a foolish wit. • 与其作愚蠢的智人,不如作聪明的愚人
• 这是多么伟大的国家啊!----他们竟允许穷 人睡觉。
第16页,共68页。
euphemism
• 用转弯抹角的说法来代替直截了当的话,把原来显得粗鲁或 令人尴尬的语言温和、含蓄地表达出来。这在汉语中叫委婉 语。
• John’s wife is a sanitation engineer. • 约翰的老婆是城市美容师/清洁工。 • senior citizens
• 既然失去了和睦,也就失去了友谊,失去了忠 诚,失去了自由----失去了一切。
第5页,共68页。
assonance
• 在一句话或在一个诗行中间,有两个或更多的 词具有相同的元音。
• We are marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind.
第28页,共68页。
climax
• 把一系列的词、短语或者分句按照其表达的思 想内容的重要性,由弱到强、由轻到重依次排 列,最后达到顶点。这种修辞手法与汉语的 “层递”完全相同。
翻译修辞的技巧
翻译修辞的技巧
修辞的技巧是为了通过巧妙的运用语言手段,使文章或言辞具有感染力和艺术性。
以下是一些常见的修辞技巧的翻译:
1. 比喻(Metaphor): 将一个事物或概念直接比较和类比于另一个事物,以便更好地传达意义和形象。
2. 暗喻(Metonymy): 使用一个相关的词语代替所要表达的概念,以便使语言更具隐喻性和形象感。
3. 拟人(Personification): 赋予无生命的事物或抽象概念人的特质,以便更好地表达其含义和人情。
4. 反问(Rhetorical Question): 使用一个问题表达自己立场或观点,而不是真正期望得到答案。
5. 反复(Repetition): 重复某个词语、短语或句子,以增强语气、强调重要性或创造韵律效果。
6. 排比(Parallelism): 使用相似的语法结构和节奏来进行排列,以增强节奏感和强调一系列事物的重要性。
7. 夸张(Hyperbole): 蓄意夸大事物的程度或情况,以吸引读者或听众的注意力,并加强表达的效果。
8. 对称(Symmetry): 运用平衡、对称的结构来表达观点,以增强文章的整体美感和表达的力量。
9. 省略(Ellipsis): 在语句中有意省略一个或多个字词,以创造悬念或增加一种蛛丝马迹的效果。
10. 比较(Simile): 使用"像"或"如同"等词语,将一个事物直接比较和类比于另一个事物,以增强表达的效果。
以上是一些常见的修辞技巧的翻译,但值得注意的是,修辞是一种艺术性的表达方式,翻译时需要根据上下文和语境进行恰当的转换和运用。
英语常用修辞格的翻译
省略;Ellipsis
eg:妈妈让他洗碗,她就不洗。 译文:Mother tells her to wash the dishes, but she will not(do it)
移就;Transferred Epithet
把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人有关的抽象物 或具体物,这种貌似错误、实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就”(Transferred Epithet),它通过词语巧妙 的“移植”,来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效果。
转喻;Metonymy
Biblioteka eg: 秃头站在白背心的略略正对面,弯了腰, 去研究背心上的文字。(鲁迅:《示众》) 译文:Baldy,standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin,stooped to study the characters written on his jerkin. 有时采用意译更为合适 eg: 英雄所见略同。 译文:Great minds think alike.
递升;Climax
把事物按由小到大、由短到长、由低到高、由轻到重、由近 到远、由易到难、由浅到深等次序说下去,这种修辞手法叫 递升,英语里称作 climax。运用这一修辞手法,能够使要表 达的思想逐步加深、感情逐步强化,因而能增强语言的说服 力和感染力。 eg:事情就是这样,他来进攻,我们把他消灭了,他就舒服了。 消灭一点,舒服一点;消灭得多,舒服得多;彻底消灭,彻 底舒服。( 毛泽东:《关于重庆谈判》) 译文:This is the way things are:if they attack and we wipe them out,they will have that satisfaction;wipe out some,some satisfaction;wipe out more,more satisfaction;wipe out the whole lot,complete satisfaction.
英语修辞的翻译
提喻 (synecdoche)
No one grasped you by the shoulder while there was still time; and naught will awaken in you the sleeping poet or musician or astronomer that possibly inhabited you from the begi得目瞪口呆的事。他体内充 满创造力的魔鬼不停地挣扎,挥舞魔爪又抓 又挖,试图冲出体外。魔鬼一边撕扯,一边 尖声狂叫,要他谱写藏于体内的乐曲。他遭 受这般折腾,可是他那可怜的脑袋和身躯却 没有被压跨,岂不奇哉怪也。
双关 (Pun)
--What does that lawyer do after he dies? --Lie still.
矛盾(Oxymoron)
3. Parting is such sweet sorrow. (Romeo) 别离是如此地又甜蜜又令人心酸。
4. We are terribly pleased to hear the good news. 我们听到这一好消息真是欣喜若狂。
委婉(Euphemism)
1. That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern dancing. 那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢看肚皮舞。
也许你一生下来就具有成为诗人、音乐家或天 文学家的天赋,但在时间还不算晚的时候,没 有人拉你一把,时机一过,就再也无法唤醒在 你身上沉睡着的才能了。
转喻(Metonymy)
转喻又称借代。它故意不用需要说的人或 物的本称,而是借用与该人或物密切相关 的事物来代替。
“A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.” (Webster’s New World Dictionary)
汉语诗歌修辞的翻译方法
六、设问
所谓设问,就是明知故问,自问自答, 以达到加强语气,引人注意的修辞效果。 不知细叶谁裁出?二月春风似剪刀。 (贺知章《咏柳》) But do you know by whom these young leaves are cut out? The early spring wind is as sharp as scissor blade.
蜡烛有心还惜别,替人垂泪到天明。(杜牧 《赠别二首(其二)》) 译文:The candle grieves to see us part,It melts in tears with burnt- out heart
四、夸张
夸张在汉语和英语里都是常用的修辞,用以加强 语气,增强语言的感染力,有意夸大或缩小事物 的某一方面,从而获得更好的表达效果。翻译中 直接采取直译,能把原文中的语言的感染力带到 译文里。在诗中的应用: 蜀道之难,难于上青天!(李白《蜀道难》) 译文: The road to Shu is harder than to climb the sky.
十、反复
根据表达的需要,重复使用同一语句或词语, 这样的修辞手法,叫做反复。这是汉语和英语 里都经常使用的修辞格。该修辞的功能在于突 出思想感情,分清层次脉络,增添旋律美,加 强节奏感。这一修辞格并不好翻译,要根据不 同的情况来翻译。 知否,知否?应是绿肥红瘦。(李清照《如梦 令(一)》) Don‟t you know,Don‟t you know The red should languish and the green must grow?
一、明喻
夜阑更秉烛,相对如梦寐。(杜甫《羌村 三首(其一)》) 译文:When night como face as in dream.
比喻修辞手法翻译
比喻修辞手法翻译
比喻句就是打比方,就是根据联想,抓住不同事物的相似之处,用浅显、具体、生动的事物来代替抽象、难理解的事物。
即所谓"举也(他)物而以明之也"。
比喻的构成,必须有两个成分、两个条件。
两个成分是:一个是所描绘的对象,即被比喻的事物,叫做"本体"或"主体";一个是用来作比的事物或现象,叫做"喻体"或"客体"。
两个条件是:一个是本体和喻体应当是不同
的东西,有质的差异;另一个是两者之间又有某种相似之点。
通常情况下,本体比较抽象、深奥,是实际对象
感到生疏的;而喻体则比较具体、浅显,是交际对象所熟悉的。
比喻是最常用的修辞手法之一。
比喻使人容易理解,能变抽象为具体,深奥为浅显,还能使人产生联想和想象。
比喻句常有比喻词,如"像······似的""像······一样""好比""是""变成""仿佛""真像"·····等。
广告修辞翻译
非常 非常可乐,非常 非常选择.(非常可乐饮料) 非常 买电视就要买金星,买金星就是买放心 买金星就是买放心! 买金星就是买放心
Let TUGU INSURANCE keep you afloat in the face of the worst of elements….(保险公司) …The whole area becomes ablaze with the whites, yellows, reds, and oranges of tulips, daffodils and other species popular in English gardens…. (苏格兰旅游广告) 英国花园里逗人喜爱的郁金香,水仙花及其它各 种鲜花遍布整个地区, 有白色的,黄色的,红色 有白色的,黄色的, 还有橙色的, 的,还有橙色的,呈现一派争奇斗妍璀灿夺目的 景象…… 景象
Simile
Breakfast without orange juice is like a day without sunshine.
眉笔像花瓣一样柔和.(眉笔) 眉笔像花瓣一样柔和. 像母亲的手一样柔软.(童鞋) 像母亲的手一样柔软
Phonetic rhetoric
Once tasted, always loved.(饮料) (10)Big thrills. Small bills.(出租车) Pepsi-Cola hits the spot, Twelve full ounces, that's a lot, Twice as much for a nickel, too, Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you. 一册在手,纵览全球.(《全球杂志》) 手 球 来也匆匆,去请冲冲.
典故修辞手法英语翻译
典故修辞手法英语翻译翻译:Allusions Rhetorical device短语英语修辞手法English rhetoric修辞手法题Rhetorical Device Question结构类修辞手法syntactical rhetorical devices例句为了给你的文章润色,你可以更多地使用例如比喻等修辞手法。
To polish up your article, you can use more figures of speech such as metaphors.用修辞手法描述一下这种技术。
Think of this technique in terms of rhetoric.对偶是汉语传统的特有的修辞手法。
Antithesis is a traditional and characteristic rhetoric figure of Chinese language.比喻是诗歌最常见的传统的修辞手法。
Metaphor is traditional rhetoric skill of the most familiar.委婉语是英语中的一个重要的修辞手法。
Euphemism is an important rhetorical device of English.双关修辞手法是广告语写作中的重要手法。
The quibble is an important technique in advertisingwriting.语文不及格?正常!你骂人要用修辞手法吗?Chinese failed? Normal! You call names to use rhetoric?。
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
汉语的暗喻和英语的暗喻都不露比喻的 痕迹,把甲直接说成 “ 是”乙或“变成 了”乙,常用的喻词在汉语里有 “是”、 “变成”、“变为”、“成为”、“成 了”、“当作”等,英语里常用 “be”作 喻词,也用 “become”,“turn into”等 词语。暗喻在翻译中一般也可采取直译。
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
夸张; Hyperbole 1)我从乡下跑到京城里,一转眼已经六年
了。(鲁迅:《一件小事》)Six years have passed by in a twinkle since I
came to the capital city from the countryside.
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
英语里 as ... as ...结构的明喻大多可以 直译 :
as cold as ice 冰冷 as hot as fire 火热 as hard as rock 坚如磐石 as light as feather 轻如鸿毛
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
下面的直译生动形象,也能被中国读者 所理解接受:
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
折绕;Periphrasis 1) “孔乙己,你脸上又添上新伤疤了!”(鲁迅:
《孔乙己》)(“ 添上新伤疤”意为 “又挨
打了”。)“Kong Yiji! You’ve got fresh scars
on your face!” 2) 胡思乱想,一夜也不曾合眼。(曹雪芹:
1) He has provided the poor with jobs,with opportunity,with self-respect. (在 with selfrespect 之前省去了连词 and。)他给穷人提 供了工作,提供了机会,提供了自尊。
新闻中的修辞及翻译
2. Catch-22 from Joseph Heller’s novel Catch-22 during the WWII 难以逾越的障碍,无法摆脱的困难,事与 愿违的做法等 e.g. Israel is a “Catch-22” problem for the Iranian regime. 以色列问题对于伊朗政府来说,有如“第22 条军规”一般,令人左右为难。
meets British prim.
II. Translation of column names
A. 直译
综合新闻: 经济新闻: 早新闻选: 文化娱乐: 今日浦东: 古玩宝斋: 独家报道:
News Roundup Economic News Morning News In Brief Entertainment Pudong Today Curios Exclusive Interview
4. 借用典故(allusion)
又称引喻 指人们在日常谈话和写作中引用典故、 谚语、成语、格言、俗语、神话、传 说、寓言、文献、文学名著及历史材 料。
examples
1. From US News & World Report 2. 3. Both sides are looking for a virgin birth, a deal with no obvious father. 嘲讽布什政府两派阁员既想解决问题 ,又不愿承担责任的心态。
2. Eiffel Eyeful
3. Tick, Tock, Tick…Talk
词义双关
4. make you sweat (photo)
5. Climbers hold summit talks 峰顶会谈 6. I finally figured out how government works. The Senate gets the bill from the House. The President gets the bill from the Senate. And we get the bill for everything. 我终于弄懂了我们的政体是如何运作的。议会的提案由 众议院转到参议院,再从参议院把提案转到总统。接 下来就轮到我们支付一切账单。
英汉修辞方式对比及其翻译新
►修辞格在修辞方式中占有重要的地位。修辞格 是修辞学的重要组成部分,是修辞上具有特定 表达效果的语言结构格式。这种格式是修辞上 特有的。
第三页,共八十八页,2022年,8月28日
►例:“全党必须坚定不移地高举中国特色社会 主义伟大旗帜,带领人民从新的历史起点出发, 抓住和用好重要战略机遇,求真务实,锐意进取, 继续全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现 代化,完成时代赋予的崇高使命。
►We must keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism, uphold the principle of letting a hundred flowe blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and maintain close contact with reality, life and the public. must always give top priority to social benefits and try to ensure both good economic returns and social benefits. We must create more excellent popular works that reflect the peoples" principal position in the country and their real
第五页,共八十八页,2022年,8月28日
Ⅱ. 翻译与修辞
►翻译是两种语言的转换艺术,除掌握两种语言 的基础外,还必须掌握一定的修辞知识和修辞 手段这包括译文词语的锤炼,句式的选择以及 各种修辞方式的运用等。要移植原文的风姿、 风味和感情色彩,以达到“化境”,如果离开了 修辞,译文就不能达意、移情、传神。译文的 流畅与简练是与深厚的修辞素养有很大关系的。
英语常用修辞格的翻译分析
quiet, light, fresh ,blind, clear, stubborn, cunning, old ,slippery, busy
明喻 Simile
英语中的simile和汉语明喻基本格式相同,一般情况下,可以照直翻译。as busy as bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌as brave as lion 像狮子一样勇猛as black as crow 像乌鸦一般黑as sharp as knife 像刀一样锋利
英语比喻美感的再现应以比喻内容为基础,发掘比喻美的真正所在,同时致力于形式的表现,尽可能用“形神兼备”的翻译来传神达意。在实在不可能“形似”时,要在“神似”的条件下,竭力用其它方法和手段表现出原比喻的意之真谛、美之内涵。依据这一原则,可采用以下方法:
1 go to sleep in the presence of Mrs. General and blood was to change to milk and water. (Dickens. Little Dorrit) 在杰纳勒尔夫人跟前,一个人的激情会变得麻木不仁,热血也会变成掺了水的牛奶。
少时所学,到老不忘。我赚的不够吃。当我发了财时,我要到非洲去。每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
直译+意译法
1. Most of us are too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. 我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。2. Men are April when they woo, December when they wed, maids are May when they maids, but the sky changes when they are wives. (Shakespeare) 男人求爱时如和煦的4月,婚后却像寒冬腊月;闺中少女则宛若温暖的5月,而为人妇后却像易变的天气阴晴莫测。
第八章 修辞与翻译
• 4. 夸张 • 1)我从乡下跑到京城里,一转眼已经六年 了。 • Six years have passed by in a twinkle since I came to the capital city from the countryside. • 2)He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop. • 他在林荫道上跑着,发出的声音就像十匹 马在奔腾。
• 3.拟人 • 1)群山肃立,江河挥泪,辽阔的祖国大地沉 浸在巨大的悲痛之中。 • The mountains are standing in solemn silence; the rivers are shedding bitter tears; our vast motherland is soaked in enormous grief. • 2)How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year. • 时间,这个盗窃青春的狡猾的小偷,盗窃了我 二十又三年飞走了。
• 6. Metonymy 转喻 • 1)秃头站在白背心的略略正对面,弯了腰, 去研究背心上的文字。 • Baldy, standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin, stooped to study the characters written on his jerkin. • 2)Paper and ink cut the throats of men, and the sound of a breath may shake the world. • 纸墨能割断人的喉管,嗓音能震动整个世界。
英语中所有种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile:(明喻〕It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor:(暗喻〕It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.3) Analogy: (类比〕It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人〕It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸大〕 It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述〕 It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(成心地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉〕 It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻〕It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻〕 It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻〕It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语〕 It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙〕 It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losingone's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配〕 It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语〕 It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the oppositeof their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽〕 It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (挖苦〕 It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语〕 It is a figure of speech consisting of a statementor proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰〕 It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照〕 It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句〕 It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进〕 It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw,I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降〕It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong toweak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe: (顿呼〕 In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词〕 It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance,I spent sleepless nights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵〕 It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequentintervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声〕 It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
广告修辞及翻译
健力士啤酒
My Goodness! My Guinness! 我的天!我的健力士啤酒!
形象比喻类-明喻
在英语广告中,与明喻相对应的辞格
是simile,喻体(vehicle)和本体
语义
(tenor)同时出现,两个成分有相通
上的 修辞
相似之处,但是又完全可以区分开来。
方式
State Farm Insurance
翻译中修辞方式的处理
直译法 变通法 解释法 意译法
头韵(Alliteration)
语音 所谓头韵,就是在一个词组,一行诗或 上的 一个句子中,有两个以上彼此靠近的词,
修辞 方式
其开头的音节具有同样的字母或声音 (主要是辅音,有时也押元音)。
《星期六晚报》
Health, humor and happiness… Gifts we’d love to give.
I am More satisfied.我更加满意。
这里,More 一方面是香烟的品牌,另一方 面作副词修饰satisfied.
夸张 Hyperbole
英语的Hyperbole和汉语的夸张完全一样。 夸张是在现实的基础上对某些事物的特征 作艺术上的扩大或缩小,故意言过其实。 夸张是为了强调,以便给人以深刻的印象, 而不是欺骗手段。夸张是一种艺术手法, 它很富有感染力,能够引起人们丰富的想 象。
对照和矛盾修辞
英语Contrast和汉语的对照这两种修辞格完 全相同,都是把两种相反的事物并列起来, 互相衬托,以便更加鲜明地表现事物的本 质。
对照和矛盾修辞——对比
对比是用反义词或者词组加强广告效果,更好地 衬托出广告的客体。如:
A business in millions, a profit in pennies. 百万买卖,毫厘利润。 在广告英语中,对比是利用词义的相反或相关
常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻(figure of speech)
比喻无处不在,为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素:本体(tenor),喻体 (vehicle),比喻词(comparative word)及相似点(point of resemblance)。这里主要谈谈明喻 (simile)和暗喻(metaphor)的翻译。
张飞听了,瞋目大叱曰:“我哥哥是金枝 玉叶,你是何等人,敢称我哥哥为贤弟! 你来!我和你斗三百合!” The moment Zhang Fei heard this, his eyes widened and he shouted, “Our brother is a prince of the blood, a jade leaf on the golden branch. Who are you to call him ‘young brother’? Come out now and fight three hundred rounds with me. ”
后曰:“旦夕如坐针毡,似此为人,不 如早亡!妾看宦官中之忠义可托者,莫 如穆顺,当令寄此书。” “Day and night we sit on pins,” the Empress continued. “I prefer death to a life like this. Among our eunuchs Mu Shun is loyal and true. He could deliver the letter.”
权曰:“今听臣言,则西蜀有泰山之安, 不听臣言,则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”
高考语文文言文常见修辞的翻译
文言文常见修辞的翻译班级姓名 _________________一、比喻的翻译1、明喻仍译为明喻。
古文中的明喻一般与现代汉语的使用习惯相同,所以直译就行了。
例:(1)皆玄衣白刃,剽疾如猿猴。
(《冯婉真》)译文:“像猿猴一样剽悍敏捷”。
(2)火烈风猛,船往如箭。
(《赤壁之战》)译文:“船像箭一样往前冲”。
2、暗喻用了比喻词的,仍译为暗喻不用比喻词的,译为明喻。
例:(1)如今人方为刀俎,我为鱼肉。
译文:现在人家是刀和砧板,我们是鱼和肉。
(2)古来万事东流水。
译文:自古以来万事都像东去的流水一样。
(3)夫秦王有虎狼之心。
译文:秦王有像虎狼一样凶狠的心肠。
3、借喻译为它所比喻的事物,即把喻体还原成本体。
例:(1)北筑长城而守藩篱。
《过秦论》译文:在北边筑起长城来把守边疆。
(2)误落尘网中,一去三十年。
《归园田居》译文:误入污浊的官场,一误就是三十年。
二、借代的翻译古今汉语在借代的使用上差别很大,如果把借代直译过来,会让人感到不易理解和接受,所以借代应意译,译为它所代替的人或物。
1、肉食者鄙,未能远谋。
《曹刿论战》译文:做官的人见识浅陋,不能做长远的打算。
2、意北亦尚可以口舌动也。
《指南录后序》译文:考虑到元军也许还能够用言语来打动。
3、大阉亦逡巡畏义,非常之谋难于猝发。
译文:魏忠贤也迟疑不决,害怕正义,篡位的阴谋难于立刻发动。
4、沛公不胜杯杓,不能辞。
《鸿门宴》译文:沛公承受不住酒力,不能前来告辞。
5、洎牧以谗诛,邯郸为郡。
《六国论》译文:等到李牧因为谗言被杀害,赵国成了秦国的一个郡。
三、夸张的翻译1、状态、程度方面的夸张,仍译为夸张,前面加上“像要”或“快要”。
例:(1)相如因持璧却立,倚柱,怒发上冲冠。
《廉颇蔺相如列传》译文:蔺相如于是拿着和氏壁退后站在那里,靠在柱子上,愤怒得头发像要顶起帽子。
(2)成顾蟋蟀笼虚,则气断声吞。
《促织》译文:成名回头看到蟋蟀笼空着,就急得快要出不来气,说不出话。
2、数量方面的夸张,可把数量词换成表示“多”“高”“大”等副词、形容词例:军书十二卷,卷卷有爷名。
英汉语言对比:修辞
翻译是两种语言的转换艺术,除掌握两种语言的基
础外,还必须掌握一定的修辞知识和修辞手段这包 括译文词语的锤炼,句式的选择以及各种修辞方式 的运用等。要移植原文的风姿、风味和感情色彩, 以达到“化境”,如果离开了修辞,译文就不能达 意、移情、传神。译文的流畅与简练是与深厚的 修辞素养有很大关系的。
译文:在你听到险恶、沉重的钟声向人们宣告。
我已经离开这个肮脏的世界,与最肮脏的蠕虫为伍时。 不要再为我悲伤。
英语重形合,表达讲究简洁流畅和准确严谨;而汉
语重在“意会”, 英语中修辞手法形式美主要体现为:均衡美、比喻 形象美、简洁美,排比气势美,诗歌的韵律美等; 而汉语往往侧重华丽词语的描写,多用对偶、排 比等 。表达风格上,多用“四言”,“八句”,多 对仗。
例: 他着魔似的驾车狂奔。 He
drove as if possessed by the devil.
她的脸色苍白而带光泽,仿佛大理石似的;一双眼睛又黑
又大,在黯淡的囚房中,宝石似的闪着晶莹的光。 Her face was pale and yet as lustrous as marble, and her large, black eyes sparkled like jewels in that murky cell.
如果撇开语言体系差异因素不谈,而只着眼于修
辞现象时,英汉语言在修辞格式上显然存在着既 相一致又有更有区别的特点。所以,对这两种语 言的修辞现象进行比较分析,从而借鉴和吸收其 中的有益成分,可以丰富本民族语言,提高本民 族语言的交际功能,同时对英汉互译也是一项极 富意义的工作。
从某种角度来看,
例③ No
longer mourn for me when I am dead. Than you shall hear the surly sullen bell Give warning to the world, than I am fled. From this vile world, with villest worms to dwell
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第十七章修辞的翻译教学目标:了解英语的各种修辞类型,准确理解修辞格的意义;掌握英语修辞格翻译的各种方法教学安排:2课时教学要点:英语修辞格的翻译方法:直译;加注;释义;归化;切分;数种译法并用;英语原文无修辞格,翻译成汉语时用修辞格教学步骤:技巧讲解;现场翻译;小组讨论;教师点评教学内容:附后所谓修辞格,就是为了在读者或听众心目中展现出一副形象生动的画面,使他们能够根据以往的经验产生某种联想,使得比较抽象的事物具体化、简单化而易于接受,而使用某个词的引申含义,以起到修辞效果。
修辞在英语中扮演着很重要的角色,在任何文体中都可以得到应用。
然而,英语修辞格和汉语修辞格有很大的差异,其汉语翻译也就成了学生面临的一大难题。
因此,掌握修辞格及其最佳使用方法,不仅能够帮助我们加深对阅读材料的理解,从而达到准确的翻译与表达,而且还有助于我们更加充分地欣赏作者的写作风格,同时提高我们自己的写作水平。
英语中的修辞格种类繁多,根据其格式是否固定可分为消极修辞和积极修辞两大类。
1. 消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques)2. 积极修辞格(Active Rhetoric Techniques)2.1 明喻(Simile) 2.2 暗喻(Metaphor)2.3 引喻(Allusion) 2.4 讽喻(Allegory)2.5 提喻(Synecdoche) 2.6 转喻(Metonymy)2.7 拟人(Personification) 2.8 拟物(Plantification)2.9 反语(Irony) 2.10 夸张(Hyperbole)2.11 矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron) 2.13 拟声(Onomatopoeia)一、消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques)消极修辞主要指那些没有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。
它与语法、语言结构和词汇的关系密切,只是为了修辞和立意新颖的缘故,对之做了一些调整。
譬如:为了增加文采,强化文章的表现力,常常避免重复使用同一词汇,而另选他词。
这种无固定格式可循的消极修辞手法被称为“求雅换词”(Elegant Variation )。
如在Elizabeth Razzi 写的题为“10 Ways to Lose Pounds”(十种减肥方法)的文章中,“减肥”的表达竟有8 种,文笔活泼,文采灿然:1. Try to shed a few extra pounds.2. Studies show these efforts may shave off the pounds quickly.3. Here are ten simple strategies that can help melt away your fat forever.4. … like a logical way to peel off a few pounds.5. … roughly the amount needed to burn off one pound.6. You must eat less to lose weight.7. A key obstacle to dropping extra pounds is after-dinner snacking.8. 10 Ways to Lose Pounds.以上8 句中的划线部分让我们欣赏了英语词汇的活力与风采。
(一)求雅换词的手法之一是大词小用或小词大用。
1) Don’t take the low-fat label as a license to eat.不能因为食品标明低脂肪而敞开食用。
这个句子的精彩之处在于“license”一词。
它是用途很广的大词,意为“执照”、“许可证”等。
用在这里给人一种“头小帽大”的感觉,新颖别致。
译文却很难保留这种表达效果。
2) If the term sounds unscientific to 20th-century ears, let us remember there is a definiteconnection between marshy lands and malaria…如果这个术语对生活在20 世纪的人听来不科学的话,那就让我们记住沼泽地和疟疾之间是有一定联系的……。
其中“ear”一词使用范围极小,只是表示人的听力器官——耳朵,但在此处却将它的所指范围扩大,给人一种焕然一新的感觉。
(二)求雅换词的手法之二是科技词汇和日常用语的“错位”。
1) Nave rats and frogs are said to have reacted wildly to such proposed experimentedsituation.据说,首次用来作实验的鼠和蛙对这种设定的环境改变都有剧烈反应。
“Nave”用于现代生物学时的含义为:not previously subjected to experimentation or particular experimented situation.2) However, there are plenty of people who like tennis. It is the megagame.但是许许多多的人喜欢网球,这是一项十分普及的运动。
“Mega”的含义是兆、百万,是一个科技英语的词缀,用在这里新义顿生。
二、积极修辞格(Active Rhetoric Techniques)积极修辞格主要指那些有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。
常见分类如下:(一)明喻(Simile)明喻是把两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词有like, as if, as, as though 等。
1) The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.支票像一只断了翅膀的小鸟似地飘落到地板上。
2) He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a privatewhose bootlaces were undone.他带着一种吃惊的、不以为然的神态看着我,犹如一位上校看着一名没有系好靴带的二等兵一样。
(二)暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也叫隐喻。
这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
Webs ter’s New Wo rld Dictionary 给暗喻下的定义是“a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another”(一种隐含着比喻的修辞格,它通常和基本的用法是表述某一事物的词或者词组被用来比喻另外的一种事物),这个解释简洁明了,暗喻中的主体与喻体的关系比明喻更为紧密。
因此,《辞海》说“明喻在形式上只是相类的关系,暗喻在形式上却是相合的关系”。
在形式上,暗喻已不用like, as 等比喻词了。
1) There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest.当我切开病人的腹部和胸腔时,我不再紧张得瑟瑟发抖了。
本句只有喻体“butterflies”(蝴蝶),没有本体和比喻词。
“butterflies in my stomach”暗喻“紧张颤抖”。
2) What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter如果少了这位电子保姆,做父母的可怎么办呢?句中本体“TV”并未出现,只有喻体“the electronic baby-sitter”,把电视暗喻为电子保姆,因为电视和保姆都可以起到为父母照看小孩的作用。
(三)引喻(Allusion)引喻就是引用人们熟知的出自神话、寓言、宗教、民俗、格言、成语、文学名著等带有典故性的词语,构成联想,比喻要说明的人或事。
它的特点是不注明出处,一般只引用关键词或词组,正如Webs ter’s N ew World Dictionary 所说,引喻是“an indirect reference; casual mention”,它与叙述或论说融为一体。
适当运用引喻可以做到事出有典,言之有据,使语言的表达变得非常简洁、凝练、精辟、生动,从而增强说服力与感染力。
1) Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人,他目睹人体开始呼吸,开始了生命。
句中creation(创造)、clay(黏土)、breathe(呼吸)的典故出自《圣经》(The Bible)。
根据《圣经》,人是上帝用黏土创造出来的,当上帝将气息灌入黏土人体,人们开始了呼吸,开始了生命。
作者引用这个典故是想说明,父母给了学生以肉体,教师帮助学生塑造灵魂和人格。
(四)讽喻(Allegory)讽喻是通过具体形象来表示抽象概念,用形象来说明一些深刻的道理。
讽喻有时表现在整篇作品中,作品中任务、行为、情节多暗示与之相似的人物、事件、观念、道德等,弦外之音强烈,多以故事来训诲与启发,寓言就是其中的一种。
如《伊索寓言》中的“狐狸与葡萄”,狐狸几次蹦跳都未吃到葡萄,临走时说“葡萄是酸的”,寓意嘲讽那种奋力追求某种事物几经失败后而极力贬低某种事物的无可奈何的心境。
1) You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink.引马河边易,逼马喝水难。
指:A teacher can make some good suggestions to his students, but he can’t force correct understanding and usage on them.(五)提喻(Synecdoche)提喻是指在同性质、同种类、同一体的事物中,大小互代、部分和整体互代、抽象和具体互代、原料代替所构成的成品等,反之亦然。
Webs ter’s New World Dictionary 给提喻下的定义是“a figure of s peech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for a thing, or the reverse of any of these”.(六)转喻(Metonymy)转喻又称借代。