精选通用版2018高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit5Thepowerofnature题型组合课时练新人教版选修6

Unit 5 The power of nature
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·辽宁部分重点高中协作校高三联考)This summer，nearly a million people have been affected by heavy rain hitting several Chinese provinces，causing houses to collapse，destroying crops and blocking highways.
Continuous storms have affected 360，700 people from 14 counties，districts and cities in Central China's Hubei Province since Wednesday and about 13，000 people have been relocated，the provincial Civil Affairs Department said.
Wang Xiao，a famous journalist，wrote about the rainstorm.“As of 2 pm on Thursday，about 36，950 hectares of cropland have been damaged and 145 houses have collapsed，resulting in direct economic losses of 67.79 million yuan.”
Heavy rainstorms inundated Wuhan City，capital of Hubei，turning buses into boats.The maximum rainfall in downtown Wuhan surpassed (超过) 100 mm，the city's Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters said.The Wuhan meteorological (气象的) department on Thursday issued a red alert for rainstorms.The city's public transport has also been affected.The meteorological department warned that Wuhan would see more heavy rain from Thursday night to Friday.The Hubei Provincial Government has allocated a relief fund of 138 million yuan to help the affected people.
In Central China's Hunan Province，more than 9，000 people have been relocated since a rainstorm started on Wednesday，according to the provincial Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.The heavy rain，surpassing 250 mm in rainfall in certain places，has affected 361，000 residents and damaged 19，800 hectares of farmland，the Headquarters said.
Four people died after downpours hit Liancheng County in eastern Fujian Province early on Wednesday morning，making streets covered with water and cutting off power supply.Longyan City，which administers Liancheng，reported 3，200 collapsed houses.More than 323，000 people were affected，with 136，200 of them left.
Heavy rain has also hit the southern province of Guangdong，affecting 233，200 people and forcing the withdrawing of over 6，200.Direct economic losses in the province have reached 122 million yuan，the province's emergency response office said.
【语篇解读】2015年夏季中国有几个省遭受暴雨袭击，近一百万人受到影响。

大雨造成房屋坍塌、庄稼受损和公路阻塞。

1．Why was Wang Xiao mentioned in this passage?
A．To ensure the reliability of the passage.
B．To show how destructive the rainstorm was.
C．To present a clearer picture of the rainstorm.
D．To make people keep an eye on the rainstorm.
B[推理判断题。

第三段中提到了Wang Xiao对暴雨的报道“As of 2 pm on Thursday，about 36，950 hectares of cropland have been damaged...losses of 67.79 million yuan”，由此可推知，文章中提到Wang Xiao的目的就是要说明暴雨的破坏性有多大。

] 2．What's the meaning of the underlined word “inundated” in Paragraph 4?
A．Flooded. B．Reached.
C．Damaged. D．Attacked.
A[词义猜测题。

根据画线词前的“Heavy rainstorms”和其后的“turning buses into boats”可知，画线词的意思是“淹没”，与A项意思相近。

]
3．According to the Wuhan meteorological department，．
A．the rain might stop from Thursday night to Friday
B．more heavy rain might worsen the present situation
C．governments' response to the incident was not satisfying
D．the rainfall in Wuhan reached a historical peak this year
B[细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“The meteorological department warned that Wuhan would see more heavy rain from Thursday night to Friday”可知选B。

] 4．How does the writer develop the passage?
A．By listing figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stories.
D．By making comparisons.
A[写作手法题。

纵观上下文，并结合文中频频出现的数据可知，本文作者主要是通过列数据的手法来行文的。

]
Ⅱ.阅读填句
(2016·全国乙卷)Secret codes(密码) keep messages private.Banks，companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years.1. Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography.2.For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
3．You might represent each letter with a number, for example.Let's number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.4.For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”5.However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.
A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B．In any language，some letters are used more than others.
C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

人们用密码来传递信息已有几千年历史。

设置密码与破解密码的斗争也是永久不变的话题。

文中作者给我们介绍了三种主要类型的密码学，让我们一起来领略这门神秘科学的魅力吧！
1．D[解本题可用关联逻辑法。

空格前一句说“人们使用密码已有几千年了”，空格后又说“破解密码从不远远落后于设置密码”，由此语境可知选D项“只要有过的密码，人们就试图破解”。

本设空类型为过渡句类。

]
2．E[解本题可用词汇锁定法。

由空格后举例中的the first letters可锁定E项中的the first letters。

代入后，E项“你可以隐藏一条信息，通过每个单词的首字母来把它拼写出来”符合语境，故为答案。

本设空类型为过渡句类。

]
3．G[解本题可用关联逻辑法。

前一段作者说有三种主要类型的密码学并介绍了第一种，根据逻辑关系可推知，本段应介绍第二种，故锁定G项中的Another way to...。

本设空类型为段落主题句类。

]
4．F[解本题可用词汇锁定法。

空格前说“要读取真正代码的信息，你必须要有一个密码本”，由a code book可锁定F项中的With a code book。

F项“有了密码本，你可以写下代表其他单词的单词”符合上下文语境。

本设空类型为过渡句类。

]
5．A[解本题可用词汇锁定法。

分析语境可知，该空仍然在谈论密码本的事情，由此
可锁定A项“没有密码本很难破解密码”，这与后一句“但是，长期保持密码本的秘密也很难”语意衔接紧密，可确定为答案。

本设空类型为过渡句类。

]
【导学号：30892227】Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·广东六校教育教学联合体高三统考)Do you ever stop and think about this big，beautiful world we live in？It's home 1.so many people and animals.We all live in this amazing place，so we all have the 2.(responsible) to take care of it，too.
A long time ago，I started thinking about what I could do to help take care of the planet.I wondered 3. I could use my talents for good.I love creating websites and making art and designing clothes.That's what 4.(inspire) me，at age 8，to start an online company.I donate part of my profits to organizations 5.
(try) their best to save our environment.After I launched my business，I started getting 6.(invite) to give presentations to young people about my company and the environment.I also talk about something else that 7. (be) meaningful.
One thing I've learned is that a lot of people feel like 8. small contribution to any cause is just a drop in the bucket and won't make a difference.But that's not true！9.(actual) when it comes to saving our environment，every small action counts.The 10.(tiny) thing is better than the greatest intention.
【语篇解读】保护环境，从我做起；拯救地球，从小做起。

作者8岁时创立网络公司，把一部分利润捐给热衷环保的组织。

最小的行动胜过最大的打算。

你行动起来了吗？
1．to[考查介词。

be home to意为“……的栖息地”，为固定搭配。

]
2．responsibility[考查词性转换。

我们都住在这个令人惊叹的地方，因此人人也都有责任照顾它。

根据空前的“have the”可知此处应填一个名词，responsibility意为“责任，职责”。

]
3．how[考查宾语从句，分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句作wondered的宾语，且根据句意可知，此处表示方式，故用how引导该从句，表示“我想知道我如何能把我的才能发挥好”。

]
4．inspired[考查时态。

空处的前一句和后一句都用的是一般现在时，但是根据空后的时间状语“at age 8”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。

] 5．trying[考查非谓语动词。

我把收益的一部分捐给尽最大努力挽救我们的环境的组织。

分析句子结构可知，organizations与try之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。

]
【易错点拨】此处容易错填to try，考生以为空处是不定式作目的状语。

但是，如果填to try，那么try的主语就成了I，后面的“their”就与之矛盾了。

6．invited[考查非谓语动词。

创业后，我开始受邀给年轻人作关于我的公司和环境的讲座。

此处是get done“被……”结构，故填过去分词。

]
7．is[考查主谓一致和时态。

that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，that指代的是something else，表示单数含义，故从句谓语动词用单数形式。

此外，这里表示客观的情况，故应用一般现在时。

综上可知本空填is。

]
8．a[考查冠词。

很多人觉得对任何事业的小小贡献都是杯水车薪，不会有什么影响。

这里表示泛指，且contribution是可数名词，故用a。

注意：feel like后面是一个省略了引导词的从句。

]
9．Actually[考查副词。

但那是错误的！事实上，谈到拯救环境，每一个小小的行为都很重要。

空处作状语修饰整个句子，故要用副词。

actually“事实上”。

] 10．tiniest[考查形容词最高级。

本空难度较大，很多考生不知道此处应该怎么填，但是根据空前的“The”和句意“最微小的事情也比最伟大的打算好”，空处要填最高级跟后面的“the greatest”形成对比。

]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·山西八校高三联考)For ages，sailors have said that it is a good luck to see dolphins swum alongside boats.Their presence meant that land is near，which will also be vital informations if a boat and her crew are in danger.Some dolphins have even protected sailors which suffer shipwreck from sharks.There is no wonder that these unique and fascinating creatures have long known as our friends.
Dolphins are thought to be intelligent animals because of its quick ability to learn.They communicate through a combination of whistles and clicks.While scientists don't know exact what they are talking about，it is thought that dolphins are telling each other that food is nearby，or warning each other for approaching danger.
【答案】For ages，sailors have said that it is ﹨a good luck to see dolphins alongside boats.Their presence that land is near，which will also be vital if a boat and her crew are in danger.Some dolphins have even protected sailors suffer shipwreck from sharks. is no wonder that these unique and fascinating creatures have long known as our friends.
Dolphins are thought to be intelligent animals because of quick ability to learn.They communicate through a combination of whistles and clicks.While scientists don't know what they are talking about，it is thought that dolphins are
telling each other that food is nearby，or warning each other for
of/against
approaching
danger.
Ⅱ卷增分练(五)
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017·合肥高三质量检测)Sammy Armstrong was driving to his office when he 1.(notice) a car was stuck on railroad tracks.Then he heard a train whistle.Sammy threw down his sunglasses and keys and ran toward the car.2.
elderly man, Jean Papich，eighty­four，sat in the driver's seat，3.(turn) the key and hitting the gas.His wife，Marion，seventy­eight, was looking 4.
(nervous) at him. Then Sammy walked 5.the car and pushed it forward，but his boots slipped on the warm asphalt (沥青)．He could see the train approaching fast.
It might be 6.(easy)to push the car backward, Sammy thought.He ran around to the front to the vehicle and shouted at Jean 7.(put)the car in neutral(空挡). Sammy could feel the ground trembling under his feet.He put his boots against the track and pushed forcefully.Finally，the car rolled off the tracks.When Sammy looked up，the train was just a couple of 8.(foot )away. Sammy，shocked and 9.(speech)，went back to work as the crowd gathered at the scene.
Weeks later，Marion called to thank Sammy. He responded，“I just did 10.
I had to do.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

Sammy Armstrong在开车上班的路上解救了一辆卡在铁轨上的汽车。

1．noticed[考查动词时态。

文章的整体时态为过去时，且主句中用的是过去进行时，故填noticed。

]
2．An[考查冠词。

man在文中第一次提到，应用不定冠词，且elderly的读音以元音音素开头，故填An。

]
3．turning[考查非谓语动词。

空处与句子主语是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，并与hitting并列，故填turning。

]
4．nervously[考查副词。

副词作状语修饰动词，故填nervously。

]
5．behind[考查介词。

根据下文的“pushed it forward”可知，此处表示走到车的后面推车，故填behind。

]
6．easier[考查形容词的比较级。

根据语境可知，向前推车不好推，所以他想向后面推可能更容易，故填easier。

]
7．to put[考查非谓语动词。

此处为不定式作宾补，他向老人喊让老人挂空挡，故填to put。

]
8．feet[考查名词的数。

a couple of后跟可数名词的复数形式。

故填feet。

]
9．speechless [考查形容词。

与shocked 并列，根据语境可知，应填speechless 。

]
10．what [考查宾语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句作did 的宾语，且空处在从句中充当do 的宾语，故填what 。

]
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017·呼和浩特高三调研)
Dear Peter ，
I'm very glad to receive your e ­mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, the house was big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. Apart from the convenient public transportation ，our private car will make your visits easily.Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have outgoing personalities ，I'm sure you will have no trouble to communicating with them. Above all ，they hosted the American student last year ，through that they gained lots of experience.In addition ，the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay here.
Yours ，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Peter ，
I'm very glad to receive your e ­mail asking for information about the host family
we have arranged ∧for
you to stay with. Locating Located in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood ，the house was is
big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.Apart from the convenient public transportation ，our their private car will make your visits easily easy
.Because all the family members can speak fluently fluent
English and have outgoing personalities, I'm sure you will have no trouble
to in 或﹨t o communicating with them. Above all, they hosted the an American student last year ，through that which
they gained lots of experience.In
addition, the hostess
hostess'
cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay here.
Yours，
Li Hua Ⅲ.书面表达
(2017·长沙一模)假如你是校自行车俱乐部负责人，请你根据下列提示，用英语写一份口头通知。

1．参加俱乐部的好处：强身健体、广交朋友等；
2．俱乐部的主要活动内容(请自己设想至少三项活动)；
3．报名方式：可以亲自到第5教学楼1层102房间报名，也可以拨打电话：023­85559955；
4．注意事项：器材自备，活动免费。

注意：1.口头通知应包括以上所有信息，可适当发挥；
2．词数：100左右；
3．开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。

Good afternoon, everyone!
Welcome to the cycling club.
Don't wait.Join us now！Thank you!
【参考范文】
Good afternoon，everyone!
Welcome to the cycling club. This is the ideal place for you to make more friends, to experience the excitement of discovery，and to keep fit.The cycling club has a wide range of activities for members.We have basic training once a week，which will be instructed by teachers. It will b e arranged during the time of after­class physical activities.We arrange an outdoor cycling trip at weekends every month.And we will have some races with other teams if possible.
If you are interested in our club，you can either come to our club in room 102，on the first floor，building 5 or call us at 023­85559955.
By the way，you have to get the equipment ready by yourself, but the charge is
free.
Don't wait. Join us now！Thank you!
【导学号：30892228】
Ⅱ卷增分练(六)
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2017·湖南长沙四校模拟)A recent study shows that most adults did household chores 1.(active) when they were young.Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before，2.same study shows.
An expert said，“Parents today want their kids to spend more time 3.
things that can bring them money and honour.They have stopped 4.(do) the one thing that has proven to bring success.That is doing household chores.”
Another study finds that compared with the kids 5.didn't do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely
6.(succeed)．They had better family relationships，did better in school，performed better at work and were more independent.
Personal happiness 7.(say)to come from strong relationships.It begins by learning to be kind and 8.(help) to their parents at home.
If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they 9.(deal) with their homework，you'd better not let them off the hook. If you do，your child may think grades are more important than caring about others.“What may seem like small 10.(message)at the moment add up to big ones over time，”says an expert.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。

1．actively[考查副词。

分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively。

]
2．the[考查冠词。

此处的“study”就是上文提到的“study”，故用定冠词the 表示特指。

]
3．on[考查介词。

根据固定搭配spend sth.on sth.可知，此处填介词on。

]
4．doing[考查非谓语动词。

根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.搭配。

]
5．who/that[考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who/that。

]
6．to succeed[考查非谓语动词。

此处是be likely to do sth.句型，故填不定式。

] 7．is said[考查时态和语态。

本句含有“be said＋动词不定式”结构，且这里说的
是现在的一般情况，主语为personal happiness ，因此填is said 。

]
8．helpful [考查形容词。

本空应填形容词helpful 与kind 并列作表语。

]
9．dealt/should deal [考查虚拟语气。

It's time (that)．..句型中，that 从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用一般过去时或should ＋do ，其中should 不可以省略。

]
10．messages [考查名词复数。

message 是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。

]
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017·吉林省部分学校高三仿真检测)With the progress of society ，the voluntary spirit has spread all over a country.More and more people are willing to be volunteer and take part in voluntary activities.Get involved in voluntary work means a lot to our society.Firstly ，you show loving care for others when you are doing voluntary service. You pass love and civilization on to others with their voluntary work ，and make others to feel that there are always people caring about them.This made our society more harmonious.Secondly ，people whom you help may influenced by your good deeds and follow your lead.In a result ，all people may help and care about each other ，or the world will become a better place to live in.Since voluntary work is so meaningfully ，we should call on more people to take part in voluntary work actively.
【答案】
With the progress of society ，the voluntary spirit has spread all over a the
country.More and more people are willing to be volunteer volunteers
and take part in voluntary activities. Get Getting
involved in voluntary work means a lot to our society.Firstly ，you show loving care for others when you are doing voluntary service. You pass love
and civilization on to others with their your
voluntary work, and make others ﹨t ofeel that there are always people caring about them. This made makes
our society more harmonious.Secondly ，people whom you help may influenced by your good deeds and
follow your lead.In As a result ，all people may help and care about each other ，or and
the world will become a better place to live in.Since voluntary work is so meaningfully meaningful ，we should call on more people to take part in voluntary work actively.
Ⅲ.书面表达
(2017·广州毕业班综合测试二)英国姐妹学校的老师Dr.Smith将要来你们学校开展教学活动。

来华前，他给你们年级的学生写了一封公开信，调查需求情况。

假定你是李华，请根据来信内容代表同学们写一封回信，内容包括：
1．表达对Dr. Smith到来的期盼；
2．回复信中提出的问题。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】
Dear Dr.Smith，
My classmates and I can't wait for you to arrive. We're really looking forward to your lessons.As for what we hope to get out of your classes，we're most interested in improving our spoken English and increasing our vocabulary. We are also keen to learn more about the customs and culture of your country, and especially what our peers there are interested in—the movies and music they like，their school life and so on.Our teachers here in China are usually very kind and hardworking，but also very strict，so we hope that our lessons with you will be a little freer and more fun than those we are used to.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua。