对外汉语-汉语拼音 (课堂PPT)

11
声母 shēng mǔ
Consonants, 21
• When used as initials, the following consonants are pronounced roughly the same as they are in English.
•b p m f d t n l g k h j sΒιβλιοθήκη 15声母 shēng mǔ
•m
• mā mā 妈妈 （mum) mǎi 买 （buy)
（same as m in man mug)
16
声母 shēng mǔ
•f
• chī fàn 吃饭 （eating) fēng 风 （wind)
(same with f in from far )
17
声母 shēng mǔ
Initials 声母 shēng mǔ Finals 韵母 yùn mǔ Tones 声调 shēng diào e.g. 你 (you) n-i-ˇ nǐ
好 (good,fine) h-ao-ˇ hǎo
6
声调 shēng diào
The Chinese putonghua has four basic tones. They are shown by the tone-marks:ˉ(the 1st tone),ˊ(the 2nd tone),ˇ(the 3rd tone),ˋ(the 4th tone). Different tones may express different meanings.
13
声母 shēng mǔ
•b
• bō luó 菠萝 (pineapple) bà ba 爸爸 (dad) bù 不 (no)
(similar with b in Brother but no buff of breath)
14
声母 shēng mǔ
•P
pǎo bù 跑步 （running,run) (similar to p in port pie But should be more articulated with more aspiration)
Tones
Other Vowels
3
1 Chinese Pinyin Introduction
Syllable = Initial Consonant + Vowel +Tone
mā =
m
+ a +ˉ
Initial Consonant：21 Vowel：38 Tone：4
4
pinyin
n ǐ hǎo
10
声调 shēng diào
• 轻声（the Neutral Tone) • Every Chinese character in Chinese Putonghua
has its specific tone.But sometimes,in a word or a sentence some syllables lose their original tones and become weak and short, therefore it is called the neutral tone.The neutral tone syllables are shown by the absence of the tonemark, for example: • Bàba 爸爸（father,dad) māma 妈妈（mother, mum)
12
声母 shēng mǔ
Consonants, 21
• When used as initials, the following consonants are pronounced quite differently from what they are in English.
• q x z c zh ch sh r
两拼(声母+单韵母)
a
o
e
i
u
v
a
o
e
b
ba
bo
bi
bu
p
pa
po
pi
pu
m
ma
mo
me
mi
mu
f
fa
fo
fu
d
da
de
di
du
t
ta
te
ti
tu
n
na
ne
ni
nu
nv
l
la
lo
le
li
lu
lv
g
ga
ge
gu
k
ka
ke
ku
h
ha
he
hu
j
ji
ju
q
qi
qu
x
xi
xu
zh
zha
zhe
zhi
zhu
ch
cha
•d
• dà 大 （big, huge） dìdi 弟弟 （younger brother)
(similar with d in dog dust but no puff of breath )
你好
hanzi
shengmu
nǐ
shengdiao yunmu
5
汉语拼音 Chinese Pīnyīn
• Function:Just like the phonetic alphabets in
English, Pīnyīn helps us to read Chinese words.
• Formation:
7
声调 shēng diào
•bā bá bǎ bà
8
声调 shēng diào
•mā má mǎ mà
9
声调 shēng diào
• 1. The tone-mark should be placed over the vowels,eg: nǐ, gē,bà
• 2. When a tone-mark is placed above the vowel i, the dot over it must be left out,eg: bǐ,wén jiàn jiá
• 3. A compound final carries two or more vowels, the tone-mark is placed over the vowel which pronounced with the mouth opening wider and louder,usually a,o,e,eg: lái, piào, dōu
che
chi
chu
sh
sha
she
shi
shu
r
ra
re
ri
ru
1
第一课
Lesson One
汉语拼音 和 日常用语
Chinese Pīnyīn & Daily Expressions
2
目录
Chinese Pinyin introduction Inital Consonants
Simple Vowels