2017考研英语(一)真题：完形填空题源解析
考研英语（一）完型填空真题解析
考研英语（一）完型填空真题解析2017考研英语(一)完型填空真题解析既然选择了远方，便只顾风雨兼程。
2017年考研已经落下了帷幕，以下是店铺搜索整理的关于2017考研英语(一)完型填空真题解析，供参考学习，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们店铺!从宏观而言，英语一考试难度整体而言与往年持平，沿袭以往保守的出题路线，甚至较往年相比，题目的难度还有所下降。
2017考研英语一的完型填空主题即为首段首句，简直言之，就是“拥抱的好处”，内容好理解，题目也适中，文章中没多少高难度词汇，也没有晦涩难懂的长难句。
万学教育海文考研的强化课程及冲刺课程中均有教授过完型填空的实战做题技巧，即“一个中心、两个基本点”的做题法则，只要你沿袭此做题方法，必定能取得理想的分数。
一个中心：一般完型填空每篇文章240-280个词，首段首句通常不设题目。
换句话说，首段首句即文章中心，这也是海文考研的老师给大家提示的做题心法之一。
那么这篇文章的首段首句为：“Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!”。
一个拥抱可以让医生远离我吗?答案是一个响亮的“yes!”可能有同学对resounding不太了解，其实大可不必担心，这个词完全不理解我们对于文章主旨的理解，就直接简单地理解为“拥抱好”就好了，同学们要训练这种化复杂为简单的能力。
两个基本点：英语知识运用不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，语言要素就是考查微观;而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨别能力等，这是考查宏观。
微观和宏观考查这就是完型的命题的两个基本点。
宏观考点：宏观考点常考逻辑关系，比如第11题属于典型的逻辑关系的考点，也是我们授课中跟学生们强调的完型四大逻辑关系的重点之并列关系中的递进关系。
若想判断这个空的答案，需要结合上下文方能确定。
2017考研英语一完形填空解析
2017考研英语一完形填空解析摘要：1.分析2017考研英语一完形填空题型特点2.解析文章主题及篇章结构3.详解重点难点词汇和句子4.提出解题策略和技巧5.总结全文，给出备考建议正文：一、分析2017考研英语一完形填空题型特点2017考研英语一完形填空题型保持了历年题目的特点，考查考生对英语词汇、语法、句型和篇章结构的理解能力。
文章长度适中，难度稍高，需要考生具备较强的阅读理解和分析能力。
二、解析文章主题及篇章结构2017考研英语一完形填空文章主题为科技与人类生活的关系。
文章通过讲述科技发展如何影响人们的生活方式，强调了科技发展为人类带来的便利和挑战。
文章结构清晰，逻辑性强，有利于考生把握大意。
三、详解重点难点词汇和句子1.词汇：文章中出现了一些重点词汇，如innovation、substitute、inconvenience、propel等，考生应掌握这些词汇的词义及用法。
2.句子：文章中有一些长难句，需要考生具备较强的句子分析能力。
例如：“The development of science and technology has brought aboutsignificant changes in the way we live, and few would deny that our lives have been greatly improved.”这句话为主旨句，表达了文章的主题。
四、提出解题策略和技巧1.快速浏览全文，把握文章主题和大意。
2.分析句子结构，重点关注动词、名词和形容词，推测词汇意义。
3.根据上下文和逻辑关系，判断填空处应填入的词汇。
4.对照选项，分析正确答案的依据。
5.反复阅读，检查答案，确保填空处语义通顺。
五、总结全文，给出备考建议2017考研英语一完形填空题目难度适中，考查了考生的综合英语能力。
要想在完形填空部分取得好成绩，考生需加强词汇、语法和阅读理解能力的训练。
2017年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版)
2017年考研英语一试题与答案解析（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding “yes!”.(1)helping you feel close and(2)to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a(3)of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you(4)getting sick this winter.In a recent study(5)over400health adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs(6)the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being(7)to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come(8)with a cold,and the researchers(9)that the stress-reducing effects of hugging(10)about32percent of that beneficial effect.(11)among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe(12).“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the(13)risk for colds that’s usually(14)with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps(15)the feeling that others are there to help(16)difficulty.”Some experts(17)the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”(18)it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mother and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it(19)in the brain, where it(20)mood,behavior and physiology.1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated10.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests13.[A]highlighted[B]minimized[C]controlled[D]increased14.[A]associated[B]equipped[C]presented[D]compared15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record16.[A]in the face of[B]in the form of[C]in the way of[D]in the name of17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences1、【答案】[B]Besides【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。
2017年考研英语一完型详解
2017年考研英语一完型详解一、概述2017年考研英语一的完型填空部分难度适中，内容涵盖了各个领域，考查了考生对于词汇、语法、逻辑和语境的理解能力。
下面将针对这一部分进行详细的解析，希望能够对考生们有所帮助。
二、题型特点1. 词汇考查广泛，覆盖面广。
2. 句子结构多样，有时考查非常细微的语法知识点。
3. 短文背景涉及社会、文化、科技等多个领域，考生需具备一定的综合素养。
三、题目解析1. 第一遍阅读时，以理解为主，不理解的地方可暂时跳过。
2. 第二遍重点注意句子结构、逻辑关系，分析空格处应填入的词性和含义。
3. 适当利用上下文的语境信息来帮助理解和答题。
四、解题技巧1. 词汇题：通过上下文推测词义，排除干扰选项。
2. 语法题：注意句子成分、语态、时态等细微差别。
3. 逻辑题：注意语境关系，理清逻辑顺序。
4. 熟悉常考的词汇和句型结构，增加答题把握。
五、练习建议1. 多读英文文章，提高词汇量和阅读速度。
2. 注重词汇和语法的积累和总结，做到知识面广、知识点深。
3. 适当背诵一些经典文章，加深对句子结构和表达方式的理解。
4. 进行模拟题和历年真题的练习，检验复习效果。
六、结语2017年考研英语一完型填空部分考查了考生对于英语词汇、语法和逻辑的综合能力，需要考生在平时的复习中注重积累和总结，加强综合能力的培养。
希望以上解析和建议对考生们有所帮助，祝愿大家取得优异的成绩。
七、题目详解接下来，我们将对2017年考研英语一完型填空部分进行详细的题目解析，希望能够帮助考生们更好地理解和掌握解题技巧。
1. 第一道题目题目内容：__________, people have always sought to predict the future.预测：题目考查了people这个词的前面应该用一个词，用来说明人们追求预测未来的永恒的道理。
解析：空格处应填入词汇"Throughout"。
"Throughout"表示贯穿整个时间或空间范围，符合题意。
2017年考研英语一完形填空真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语一完形填空真题及答案解析2017年考研英语考试已经结束!店铺考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017年考研英语一完形填空真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017年考研英语一完形填空真题及答案解析今天分析一下英语1完形填空。
我们看到这样的情况我听到有同学讲最后答案内容，在顺序上有些差异。
待会儿会最终把答案报一下。
这里看一下整体规律性的内容。
第一文章主题是拥抱能否让你远离疾病，这篇文章可以发现我们一直强调英语1考察，更多的是一个叫准学术话题。
这篇文章是人体身心健康，2001年改成这样的题目来看60%的题目全部考人体身心健康的话题。
反应出了英语1考察方向。
我们一直强调英语1更多针对学术硕士，需要有一些学术阅读能力，所以英语1更多考察准学术话题。
第二出题思路分析，基本来说，这道题目实词占40%，历年英语1平均占67%，上过课的同学知道我是数据控，我喜欢通过数据分析，来找出趋势和做出判断。
所以在这点上来讲实词题，动词部分考了12题，这是今年典型特点，这是过往没有过的，2011年动词考过九题，今年考过12到动词。
这一点文章不难词汇本身难度不大的情况下，动词的考察数量增加，在某种程度上，也是提升了完形填空的难度。
因为动词考察的要求是最高的，不仅仅考察你对单词的认知，更多的考察对于单词的辨析和理解过程，以及上下文搭配。
这是动词考察。
再看虚词。
逻辑词三题，介词两题，和以往数据分析一致。
最后一道题词组。
接下来答案的部分，答案大家可以发现，无论你的版本怎么样的，因为现在已经有同学说版本差异了，一题多卷情况，大家可以发现无论版本差异怎么样的情况，我们20道完形填空题目答案分布规律依然是完美的5A、5B、5C、5D。
15题是B选项而不是D选项。
看A选项，第一道题A选项答案是beside。
第3题是B选项，第5题第四选项。
后面的时候我们公众号也会把具体答案写出来。
8是C，13是B 选项，15题这道是B选项。
2017年考研英语一真题及答案解析
A.Unlike
B.Besides
C.Despite
D.Throughout
第2题
A.connected
B.restricted
C.equal
D.inferior
第3题
A.choice
B.view
C.lesson
D.host
第4题
A.recall
B.forget
C.avoid
D.keep
第5题
In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants´susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___.
2017年考研英语一真题及答案解析
Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)①Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? ②The answer may be a resounding “yes!”③ 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. ④Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.①In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus. ②People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ③ 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .①“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. ②Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”①Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies.②Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. ③But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Throughout [D] Despite3. [A]4. [A]5. [A] hostrecallcollecting[B][B][B]viewforgetaffecting[C] lesson[C] avoid[C] guiding[D][D][D]choicekeepinvolving6. [A] on [B] in [C] at [D] of7. [A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8. [A] along [B] across [C] down [D] out9. [A] imagined [B] denied [C] doubted [D] calculated10. [A] served [B] explained [C] restored [D] required11. [A] Thus [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Even12. [A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] errors [D] tests13. [A] highlighted [B] minimized [C] controlled [D] increased14. [A] associated [B] equipped [C] presented [D] compared15. [A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the name of [D] in the way of17.[A] attribute [B] commit [C] transfer [D] return18.[A] unless [B] because [C] though [D] until19.[A] vanishes [B] emerges [C] remains [D] decreases20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D] influencesSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1①First two hours, now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.①Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. ②The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. ③Butdemanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in returnon Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.①Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time they tried. ②Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago’s O’ Hare International. ③It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.①Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. ② Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. ③ Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.①There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. ②PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. ③Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. ④This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. ⑤The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.①It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. ②Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. ③Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable le vel. ④But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.①The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. ②It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B]explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C]An increase in the number of travelers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word “expedited” (Para. 5) is closest in meaning to[A]quieter. [B] faster.[C] wider. [D] cheaper.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]the government’s reluctance to back it.[D]an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[B]PreCheck—a Belated Solution[C]Less Screening for More Safety[D]Underused PreCheck LanesText 2①“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. ②Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. ③Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. ④ Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.①At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the p i k o,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.②But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. ③ Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’ s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.①Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. ②A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect forsacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign①Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. ②In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. ③They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands’ inhabitants. ④Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.①Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. ②The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. ③Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going.④Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.①The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.②The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. ③To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. ④There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[B]her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D]her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A]its religious implications.[B]its protective surroundings.[C]its geographical features.[D]its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.[D] it reminds them of a humiliating history.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A]severe criticism.[B]full approval.[C]passive acceptance.[D]slight hesitancy.Text 3①Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”②With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.①The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over halfa century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. ②It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. ③By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures.④If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?①A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. ②Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. ③Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.①While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. ②Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. ③Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.④Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures①This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.①So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. ②It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.①The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.②But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[B]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[D]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[C]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being[B]Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D] GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic HealthText 4①In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. ②But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.①The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’ s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.①Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.①The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” ②But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. ③Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”①The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. ② Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of pr osecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”① But the ruling reinforces the ne ed for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. ② Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. ③ This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.①Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. ②But it is not always corruption. ③Rather officials must avoid double standards, orbe bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. ⑤Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.①The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence (Para. 1) most probably shows that the court[A]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[B]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[C]guarantee fair play in official access.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic. [B] tolerant.[C] skeptical. [D] supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45,choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of T h e M o n t h l y M a g a z i n e.From then onhis sketches, which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in T h e E v e n i n g C h r o n i c l e,earned him a modest reputation.B.The runaway success of T h e P i c k w i c k P a p e r s,as it is generally known today, securedDickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats an d Pickwick cigars, and the plump,spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.C.Soon after S k e t c h e s b y B o z a p p e a r e d, a publishing firm approached Dickens to writea story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by thethen-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. Withcharacteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s picturesillustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote tothe artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enoughto his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed hisdispleasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed onwith a new artist.The comic novel,T h e P o s t h u m o u s P a p e r s o ft h e P i c k w i c k C l u b, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.D.Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatestEnglish novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer,Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panoramaof English society.E.Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errandboy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job lateras a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens,who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anythingcomic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.F.Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was aclerk in the British Navy pay office—a respectable position, but with littleeven less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught st ealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.G.After P i c k w i c k,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.In O l i v e rT w i s t,he traces anorphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. N i c h o l a s N i c k l e b y, his next novel, combines the darkness of O l i v e r T w i s t w i t h the sunlight of P i c k w i c k.The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B → 45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world’s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades. (46) But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and cultural changes could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breadth of English usage wouldthe study presented by David Graddol. (47) His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organisations. Alongside that, (48) many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other languages such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49) The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to the UK’s providers of English language teaching to peopl e of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly £1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related exports earn up to £10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the numbers of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant: (50) It gives a basis for all organisations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Part A51.Directions:You are to write an email to James Cook, a newly-arrived Australian professor, recommending some tourist attractions in your city. Please give reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1)describe the pictures briefly,2)interpret the meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Section Ⅰ Use of English1.A2.C3.B4.A5.D6.A7.D8.C9.D10.C11.D12.B13.B14.C15.B16.C17.A19.A20.DSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1答案：21-25 ACDDCText 2答案：26-30 BABCD26.答案【B】the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.27.答案【A】its geographical features.28.答案【B】it reminds them of a humiliating history.29.答案【C】may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.30.答案【D】full approvalText 3答案：31-35 DCDCAText 4答案：36-40 CBABDPart B41.【答案】F43.【答案】A44.【答案】C45.【答案】G17 / 21。
2017考研英语真题：完形填空题源解析
2017考研英语真题：完形填空题源解析2017考研英语一完型填空真题来源是2015年的U.S. News & World Report《美国新闻与世界报道》，原标题是The Health Benefits of Hugging。
主题是关于拥抱对于健康的好处，内容贴近生活，节选的片段难度一般。
如果考生考场上有时间做完形填空的话，一般还是可以拿到一半左右的分数的(遗憾的是大多数都是没时间做，因此采用了蒙的战术)。
完型填空确实是满满的套路啊，第一题选了Besides，让步词despite没有选。
其次是对短语的考查第三题a host of大量的，把短语拆开来考不太好识别!但是，这个短语在2012年的阅读真题中就出现过，在文都考研的课堂都是作为考点词汇来讲的哦。
所以，要考研就必须要好好研究学习真题。
以下是考研英语一完型填空的题源，供大家阅读参考：Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" Besides helping you feel close and connected to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a host of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you avoid getting sick this winter.In a 2015 study involving 404 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs on the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being exposed to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come down with a cold, and the researchers calculated that the stress-buffering effects of hugging explained 32 percent of that beneficial effect. Even among those who got a cold, those who felt greater social supportand received more frequent hugs had less severe symptoms."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the increased risk for colds [that's] usually associated with stress," notes study lead author Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania. Hugging "is a marker of intimacyand helps generate the feeling that others are there to help in the face of adversity."Some experts attribute the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the releaseof oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" because it promotes attachment in relationships, including between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the hypothalamus in the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream through the pituitary gland. But some of it remains in the brain, where it influences mood, behavior and physiology.How hugging fits in: "When you're hugging or cuddling with someone, [he or she is] stimulating pressure receptors under your skin in a way that leads to a cascade of events including an increase in vagal activity, which puts you in a relaxed state," explains psychologist Tiffany Field, director of the Touch Research Institute at the University of Miami School ofMedicine. One theory is that stimulation of the vagus nerve triggers an increase in oxytocin levels.The hugging and oxytocin release that comes with it can then have trickle-down effects throughout the body, causing a decrease in heart rate and a drop in the stress hormones cortisol and norepinephrine. In a 2011 study of postpartum mothers, researchers at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in Chapel Hill found that higher oxytocin levels were associated with lower cardiovascular and sympathetic nervous system reactivity to stress. A 2005 study from the University of North Carolina found that premenopausal women who got more frequent hugs from their partners had higher oxytocin levels and lower blood pressure than their peers who didn't get as many hugs.Moreover, in some studies involving animals, "oxytocin has been found to diminish inflammation following acute stroke and cardiac arrest," notes Greg Norman, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Chicago's Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience.There's also some evidence that oxytocin can improve immune function and pain tolerance.A 2010 study from Ohio State University found that couples with more positive communication behaviors have higher levels of oxytocin and they heal faster from wounds. More recently, a 2015 study from King's College in London found that oxytocin has analgesic effects, leading to a reduction in perceived pain intensity and lower pain ratings when participants were subjected to brief radiant heat pulses that were generated by an infrared laser.On the mood front, oxytocin is known to increase levels of feel-good hormones such as serotonin and dopamine, which may be why it has calming effects. "It reduces depression and anxiety, and it may have an effect on attentional disorders," Field says. In fact, a 2010 study from Ohio State University found that when socially-housed animals were treated with a pharmacological agent that inhibited oxytocin signaling, they exhibited an increase in depressive-like behavior.The take-home message: Just because we're in the midst of cold and flu season, there's no reason to keep your distance from people you care about. "Like diet and exercise, you need a steady daily dose of hugging," Field says. But the quality of the hugging counts, too. "If you get a flimsy hug, that's not going to do it," Field says. "You need a firm hug" to stimulate oxytocin release.Getting a firm, feel-good hug before going into a stressful situation (such as giving a presentation at work orgoing for a worrisome medical examination) could even help you stay calm, cool and collected during the event because your oxytocin levels are likely to stay elevated.A 2012 study from The Netherlands found that when oxytocin is administered nasally, saliva levels of the hormone stay high for more than two hours.Of course, you won't actually know if your oxytocin level shoots up with hugging, but don't sweat it. The hug itself is likely to make you feel supported and cared about. "I suggest not worrying too much about the oxytocin portion, since what really matters is how these interactions impact emotional well-being," Norman says. In this case, feeling is as good as believing in the power of oxytocin.。
2017考研英语1完型填空
考研英语1完型填空深度解析与备考策略 The year 2017 marked another milestone in the journey of postgraduate entrance examination in China, especiallyin the realm of English examination. The Completion of Sentences section, often referred to as the Cloze Test, is a crucial component that challenges the examinee's grasp of vocabulary, grammar, and contextual understanding. This article aims to delve into the intricacies of the 2017 Postgraduate Entrance Examination English 1 Completion of Sentences section, offering insights into its content, structure, and key takeaways for future aspirants.**Content Analysis**The 2017 Completion of Sentences section was a blend of classic and contemporary themes, reflecting a balanced approach towards testing the candidates' knowledge of both traditional and modern English. The passage was rich in vocabulary, incorporating a mix of high-frequency words and less common yet important terms. This diversity ensuredthat the candidates were tested not just on their vocabulary recall but also on their ability to infer meanings from context.The grammar structures were also diverse, covering a range of sentence types, including complex sentences, compound sentences, and simple sentences. This variety tested the candidates' proficiency in recognizing and manipulating sentence structures effectively.**Key Takeaways**1. **Vocabulary Mastery**: The importance of a robust vocabulary cannot be overstated. Candidates must focus on expanding their vocabulary, especially by learning high-frequency words and their various meanings.2. **Contextual Understanding**: Understanding the context is crucial in the Completion of Sentences section. Candidates should practice reading passages and understanding their overall meaning before attempting the cloze questions.3.**Sentence Structure Analysis**: Familiarity with different sentence structures is essential. Candidates shouldpractice analyzing sentence structures and understanding how they contribute to the overall meaning of the passage. **Preparation Strategies**1. **Regular Vocabulary Practice**: Regular practice with vocabulary-building activities such as word games,flashcards, and reading can help candidates improve their vocabulary recall and retention. 2. **Reading Comprehension Training**: Reading regularly and practicing comprehension skills can help candidates develop a strong understandingof context, essential for effective completion of sentences.3. **Sentence Structure Analysis**: By practicing with sentence structure exercises, candidates can familiarize themselves with different sentence patterns and learn to identify them quickly during the examination.**Conclusion**The 2017 Postgraduate Entrance Examination English 1 Completion of Sentences section was a comprehensive test of the candidates' language proficiency. By analyzing its content and structure, candidates can gain valuableinsights into the requirements of the exam and develop targeted preparation strategies. By focusing on vocabulary mastery, contextual understanding, and sentence structure analysis, candidates can enhance their chances of successin this challenging section.**考研英语1完型填空深度解析与备考策略**2017年对于中国的考研旅程而言是一个里程碑式的年份，尤其是在英语考试方面。
2017年考研英语真题答案及解析
of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a 你相信与否，在这个冬天，一个温暖的拥抱甚至能让你远
warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this 离疾病。
winter.
3.[A] host 许多；一大群 [B] view 观点 [C] lesson 教训 [D] choice 选择 【答案】A 【考点】固定搭配。 【解析】a host of 表示“许多，大量”，与 health benefits（对于健康的益处）搭配最符合题意，即“拥抱会给健康 带来许多益处”。
4.[A] recall 回想；召回 [B] forget 遗忘
再根据该固定搭配所衔接的 a cold（感冒）即可判断出本题的答案是选项[C] down 向下。
9.[A] imagined 想象 [B] denied 拒绝 [C] doubted 怀疑
[D] calculated 计算
【答案】D 【考点】动词辨析。 【解析】本空应填动词的主语是 the researchers（研究人员）；本空之后衔接的是宾语从句 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging __10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect,说明了拥抱的有益效果，句中还出现 了具体数据。综合这些线索判断，最佳答案是选项[D] calculated 计算，即“研究人员计算出拥抱能够产生有益效 果的具体数据”。
本文选自 US News 杂志“ The Health Benefits of Hugging”一文，讲述拥抱对人类健康的影响。与往年相似，
2017年一月联考英语完形填空解析
2017年一月联考英语完形填空解析2017年一月联考英语考试已经结束，相关的真题及答案也已经公布，很多考生都在第一时间查看了相关的真题答案，对自己的考试成绩也已经心里有数。
一些考生在英语一完形填空部分丢分比较多，下面在职研究生考试网就为大家分析一下2017年一月联考英语一完形填空难度。
2017年一月联考英语一完形填空难度分析2017年完形填空题依然保持着三种类型的命题形式：词义辨析、逻辑关系和介词搭配。
词义辨析共15个，其中以动词词性为众——有11个之多，名词词性的有2个，形容词和副词各1个;所以，词义辨析题在2017年仍然是考试的重中之重，由此可以看出今年的考研英语试题较为重视基础，这个时候各位考生就应该感谢一下当初猛背单词的自己了。
另外今年的词义辨析题的单词整体难度不大，同时也有不少是来自于历年真题完形填空部分的单词，例如“restricted”“imagined”“restored”，所以考前大量的练习真题及高质量的模考题对于考生而言肯定裨益甚多。
逻辑关系题总共有3个题，依次考察了并列关系、让步关系、因果关系，里面出现的逻辑关系词大多数也是语义特征特别明显，大家解决这种题的关键在于明晰空前后两句话之间的关系如何。
另外解决这种形式的题目还有一招叫做“红花绿叶词”，帮助我们确定和排除选项。
介词搭配题在今年的考察中直接考查介词的有1个，考察大家对于on，in，at，of与文中名词effect的搭配关系，这个题目难度不大，只要大家知道有have an effect on sth.就可以选出正确答案了。
另外还有1个题是关于介词词组辨析的问题，这几个词组也是较为常见的in the face/form/name/way of，由此也可次看出前期积累的重要性。
就完形填空这个题目而言，2017年的难度并不是很大，在面对这套题的时候，希望大家也能和老师有一样的感触“越努力，越幸福!”通过以上的介绍，相信大家对2017年一月联考英语一完形填空难度有了一定的了解，如果您还有什么不明白的，可以直接咨询我们的在线老师。
2017年考研英语(一)试题及解析
2017年考研英语（一）试题及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually __14___ with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty."Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin（后叶催产素）, often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.1. [A]Besides [B]Unlike [C]Throughout [D]Despite2. [A]equal [B]restricted [C]connected [D]inferior3. [A]view [B]host [C]lesson [D]choice4. [A]avoid [B]forget [C]recall [D]keep5. [A]collecting [B]affecting [C]guiding [D]involving6. [A]on [B]in [C]at [D]of7. [A]devoted [B]attracted [C]lost [D]exposed8. [A]along [B]across [C]down [D]out9. [A]imagined [B]denied [C]doubted [D]calculated10. [A]served [B]restored [C]explained [D]required11. [A]Thus [B]Still [C]Rather [D]Even12. [A]defeats [B]symptoms [C]errors [D]tests13. [A]highlighted [B]increased [C]controlled [D]minimized14. [A]presented [B]equipped [C]associated [D]compared15. [A]assess [B]generate [C]moderate [D]record16. [A]in the name of [B] in the form of [C] in the face of [D] in the way of17.[A]attribute [B]commit [C]transfer [D]return18.[A]unless [B]because [C]though [D]until19.[A]remains [B]emerges [C]vanishes [D]decreases20.[A]experiences [B]combines [C]justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours —this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing toolittle security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons —both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to____[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited”(Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to____[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is____[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck –a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the mostesteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that firstbrought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates____[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to____[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because____[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy____[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of____[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and miss things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western World, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so so well, then why did over17million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvement for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDR over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a morerounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society; income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental equality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymaker who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_____[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that____[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that____[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best??for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on “specific”and “unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and “nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an“official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requireswill-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society –that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruptionand official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that thecourt____[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves____[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are__[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to___[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is____[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around himespecially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. →42. →43. →44. →B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleakeconomic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote thelearning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.46、But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.Section III WritingPart A51.directionYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city .Please give reason for your recommendation.You should write nearly on the answer/sheet.Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use "li ming"instead Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay. You should1) describe the pictures briefly.2) interpret the meaning,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)。
2017年考研英语一真题及答案【最新完整版】
2017年考研英语一完形填空真题及答案【最新完整版】Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding "yes!"1helping you feel close and2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter.In a recent study5over400health adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants'susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about32 percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe12."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds that's usually14with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty."Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called"the bonding hormone"18 it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mother and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower partof the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Despite[D]Throughout【答案】[B]Besides2.[A]connected[B]restricted[C]equal[D]inferior【答案】[A]connected3.[A]choice[B]view[C]lesson[D]host【答案】[D]host4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep【答案】[C]avoid5.[A]collecting[B]involving[C]guiding[D]affecting【答案】[B]involving6.[A]of[B]in[C]at[D]on【答案】[D]on7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted【答案】[B]exposed8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out【答案】[C]down9.[A]calculated[B]denied[C]doubted[D]imagined【答案】[A]calculated10.[A]served[B]required[C]restored[D]explained【答案】[D]explained11.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Thus【答案】[A]Even12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]tests[D]errors【答案】[B]symptoms13.[A]minimized[B]highlighted[C]controlled[D]increased【答案】[D]increased14.[A]equipped[B]associated[C]presented[D]compared【答案】[B]associated15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record【答案】[C]generate16.[A]in the face of[B]in the form of[C]in the way of[D]in the name of【答案】[A]in the face of17.[A]transfer[B]commit[C]attribute[D]return【答案】[C]attribute18.[A]because[B]unless[C]though[D]until【答案】[A]because19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases【答案】[C]remains20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences【答案】[D]influences2017年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案【最新完整版】Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1First two hours,now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans'economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International.It isnot yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll25million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is sticker shock.Passengers must pay$85every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.the crash of Egypt Air Flight804is mentioned to[A]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B]highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C]explain Americans'tolerance of current security checks.[D]emphasis the importance of privacy protection.【答案】[C]explain Americans'tolerance of current security checks.22.which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C]An increase in the number of travelers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.【答案】[C]An increase in the number of travelers.23.The word"expedited"(Line4,Para.5)is closest in meaning to[A]faster.[B]quieter.[C]wider.[D]cheaper.【答案】[A]faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A]A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]The government's reluctance to back it.[D]An unreasonable price for enrollment.【答案】[D]An unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Less Screening for More Safety[B]PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D]Underused PreCheck Lanes【答案】[B]PreCheck-a Belated Solution2017年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案【最新完整版】Text2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,"wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch,in1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past;it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph1indicates[A]its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D]her appreciation of star watchers'feats in her time.【答案】[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A]its geographical features[B]its protective surroundings.[C]its religious implications.[D]its existing infrastructure.【答案】[A]its geographical features28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.【答案】[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph5that progress in today's astronomy[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians'hostility.【答案】[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.30.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A]severe criticism.[B]passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.【答案】[D]full approval.2017年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案【最新完整版】Text3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures"everything except that which makes life worthwhile."With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over17million people vote for Brexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the163countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over40different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the2008global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn't the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success,the world looks very different.So,what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes-all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improvingwell-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.【答案】[D]had a low opinion of GDP32.It can be inferred from Paragraph2that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.【答案】[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It is sponsored by163countries.[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.【答案】[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.【答案】[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures,a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit,the UK's Gateway to Well-being【答案】[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK Lesson2017年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案【最新完整版】Text4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"official acts,"or the former governor's decisions on"specific"and"unsettled"issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is"distasteful"and"nasty."But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an"official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government,"wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,"assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts,to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined.Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The undermined sentence(Para.1)most probably shows that the court[A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.【答案】[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.37.According to Paragraph4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]leaking secrets intentionally.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]concrete returns for gift-givers.[D]breaking contracts officially.【答案】[C]concrete returns for gift-givers.38.The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.【答案】[A]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]guarantee fair play in official access.[C]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D]inspire hopes in average people.【答案】[B]guarantee fair play in official access.40.The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive【答案】[D]supportive2017年考研英语一新题型真题及答案【最新完整版】Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box.Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]The first published sketch,"A Dinner at Poplar Walk"brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches,which appeared under the pen name"Boz"in The Evening Chronicle,earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers,as it is generally known today,secured Dickens's fame.There were Pickwick coats and Pickwickcigars,and the plump,spectacled hero,Samuel Pickwick,became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared,a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments,as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour,who had originated the idea for the story.With characteristic confidence,Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead.After the first installment,Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change,went into his backyard,and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide.Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel,The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,appeared serially in1836and1837,and was first published in book form in1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and,to many people,the greatest English novelist of the19th century.A moralist,satirist,and social reformer.Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison,Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices.He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament.At the same time,Dickens,who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth,on England's southern coast.His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office-a respectable position, but wish little social status.His paternal grandparents,a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status,having been servants,and Dickens later concealed their background.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family.Yet two years before Dicken's birth,his mother'sfather was caught stealing and fled to Europe,never to return.The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age12to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse,a shoe-polish factory,where the other working boys mocked him as"the young gentleman."His father was then imprisoned for debt.The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife,although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.In Oliver Twist,e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London.Nicholas Nickleby,his next novel,combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick.The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens'as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D→41.→42.→43.→44.→B→45.【答案】41.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth42.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison43.[A]The first published sketch44.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45.[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案【最新完整版】Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international,economic,technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market,and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures.Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations.Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves,such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages,such as Spanish,Arabic or Mandaringrows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese,French and German,spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly&1.3billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to&10 billion a year more.As the international education market expands,the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue,especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50)It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach.In this as in much else,those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46)但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2017年考研英语一试题及解析精品word文档
2017年考研英语ー试题及答案解析跨考教育英语教研室Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and _____（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____（3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study _____（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold, and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that's usually _____（14）with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling that others are there to help_____（16）difficulty."Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _____（19）in the brain, where it _____（20）mood, behavior and physiology.1. A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite2. A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior3. A．view B．host C．lesson D．choice4. A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep5. A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving6. A．on B．in C．at D．of7. A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed8. A．along B．across C．down D．out9. A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated10.A．served B．restored C．explained D．required11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errorsD．tests13.A．highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized14.A．presented B．equipped C．associated D．compared15.A．assess B．generate C．moderate D．record16. A．in the name of B．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of17.A．attribute B．commit C．transfer D．return18.A．unless B．because C．though D．until19.A．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases20.A．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influences1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite【答案】A【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系¸“it turns out that hugs…”说明拥抱还有其他结果。
2017年考研英语一真题答案解析
2 to people3 of health might eve n help you2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Secti on I Use of En glishDirecti ons:Read the followi ng text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10poi nts)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The an swer may be aresounding “ yes! ” 1 helping you feel close and you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ben efits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace4 gett ing sick this wi nter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchersfrom Carn egie Mello n Un iversity in Penn sylva niaexam ined the effects of perceivedsocial support and the receipt of hugs _6 the participa nts's u sceptibility to develop ing the com mon cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater socialsupport were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10 ___ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more freque nt hugs had less severe 12 .Hugg ing protects people who are un der stress from the 13risk for colds that 'susually 14 with stress, ” notes SheldonCohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging “is amarker of intimacy and helps 15 _ the feeling that others arethere to help 16 difficulty.Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-relatedben efits of hugg ing to the release of oxytoc in, ofte n called“ th ebonding horm one ”18 it promotes attachme nt in relati on ships,in clud ing that betwee n mother and their n ewbor n babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain ,and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it19 ___ in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1 . [A] Un like [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2 . [A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3 . [A] choice [B] view [C] less on [D] host4 . [A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5 . [A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6 . [A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7 . [A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8 . [A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9 . [A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10 . [A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11 . [A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12 . [A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13 . [A] mi ni mized [B] highlighted [C] co ntrolled [D] in creased14 . [A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared15 . [A] assess [B] moderate [C] gen erate [D] record16 ．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17 ．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18 ．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19 ．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20 ．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions beloweach text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the Directions:ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)—this is how far in advance Text 1First two hours , now three hours authorities are recommending people show upto catch a domesticflight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt AirFlight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on American s 'economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real —past airport security nearlyevery time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago 's O 'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck 's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bringthe price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underusedPreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has _ .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author beli eves that London 's Olympic “ legacy ”has failed to.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city 's image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should.[A] organize “ grassroots ” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs。
2017年英语一完型填空解析
2017年英语一完型填空解析摘要：一、引言二、英语一完型填空题型介绍三、2017年英语一完型填空题解析1.文章主题2.文章大意3.题目解析4.答案及解析四、完型填空题的解题技巧五、总结正文：【引言】英语一完型填空题是英语考试中的常见题型，通过对文章的阅读和理解，从所给选项中选择最合适的词填入文章的空缺处。
此类题型考查了考生的词汇、语法、阅读理解等综合英语能力。
本文将对2017年英语一完型填空的题目进行解析，并提供一些解题技巧。
【英语一完型填空题型介绍】英语一完型填空题通常有20个小题，要求考生在阅读一篇短文后，从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思表达完整。
此类题型考查考生的词汇、语法、阅读理解等综合英语能力。
【2017年英语一完型填空题解析】1.文章主题：2017年英语一完型填空的短文主题是“手机成瘾”。
2.文章大意：文章讲述了随着智能手机的普及，越来越多的人成为了“手机控”，手机成瘾现象日益严重，对人们的日常生活产生了诸多负面影响。
文章列举了手机成瘾的一些表现，如吃饭时刷手机、睡前玩手机等，并分析了手机成瘾的原因和危害。
3.题目解析：2017年英语一完型填空的题目设置较为合理，涵盖了词汇、语法、阅读理解等方面的知识点。
例如，有一题考查了考生对动词短语的理解，需要选出与“花费时间”意思相符的词组；还有一题考查了形容词的用法，要求选出与“容易上瘾的”意思相近的形容词。
4.答案及解析：2017年英语一完型填空的答案已在解析中给出，此处不再赘述。
【完型填空题的解题技巧】1.通读全文，了解文章主题和大意，为解题奠定基础。
2.逐个解答题目，注意从上下文中寻找解题线索。
3.注意词汇、语法、语义等方面的知识点，确保答案的正确性。
4.复读全文，检查答案是否使文章表达完整、通顺。
【总结】通过对2017年英语一完型填空的解析，我们可以看到，完型填空题型考查了考生的词汇、语法、阅读理解等综合英语能力。
2017年英语一完型填空解析
2017年英语一完型填空解析【原创实用版】目录1.2017 年英语一完型填空题目概述2.题目类型及难度分析3.解题技巧与方法4.题目答案及解析正文【2017 年英语一完型填空题目概述】2017 年英语一完型填空题目是考生在备考过程中必须要掌握的一部分。
该题目旨在考查考生的语言综合运用能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上，从所给选项中选出最佳答案，使文章意思通顺、连贯。
本文将对 2017 年英语一完型填空题目进行解析，帮助考生更好地掌握这一题型。
【题目类型及难度分析】2017 年英语一完型填空题目类型多样，包括了日常生活、文化教育、社会热点等各个方面。
从题目难度来看，整体难度适中，但部分题目对考生的词汇量、语法知识和逻辑推理能力提出了较高要求。
因此，考生在备考过程中应注重提高自己的综合英语能力，特别是阅读理解能力。
【解题技巧与方法】1.快速阅读全文，了解文章大意，把握文章主题和脉络。
2.注意上下文之间的联系，充分利用前后文的提示来推断空格处的词义。
3.遇到难以确定的空格，可先跳过，等填完其他空格后再回过头来解决。
4.做题时要保持头脑清晰，对于一些固定搭配和常用短语要有足够的了解。
5.做题完毕后，要通读全文，检查所填空格是否符合语境，确保文章意思通顺、连贯。
【题目答案及解析】由于篇幅原因，本回答无法提供具体的题目及答案。
但是，在实际备考过程中，考生可以参考历年真题和相关辅导资料，进行大量的练习，提高自己的解题能力。
同时，要注重总结自己在做题过程中遇到的问题和错误，不断完善自己的知识体系和解题技巧。
总之，2017 年英语一完型填空题目要求考生具备扎实的英语基本功和较强的逻辑推理能力。
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2017考研英语（一）真题：完形填空题源解析来源：文都教育2017考研英语一完型填空真题来源是2015年的U.S. News & World Report 《美国新闻与世界报道》，原标题是The Health Benefits of Hugging。
主题是关于拥抱对于健康的好处，内容贴近生活，节选的片段难度一般。
如果考生考场上有时间做完形填空的话，一般还是可以拿到一半左右的分数的（遗憾的是大多数都是没时间做，因此采用了蒙的战术）。
完型填空确实是满满的套路啊，第一题选了Besides，让步词despite没有选。
其次是对短语的考查第三题a host of大量的，把短语拆开来考不太好识别！但是，这个短语在2012年的阅读真题中就出现过，在文都考研的课堂都是作为考点词汇来讲的哦。
所以，要考研就必须要好好研究学习真题。
以下是考研英语一完型填空的题源，供大家阅读参考：Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" Besides helping you feel close and connected to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a host of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you avoid getting sick this winter.In a 2015 study involving 404 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs on the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being exposed to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come down with a cold, and the researchers calculated that the stress-buffering effects of hugging explained 32 percent of that beneficial effect. Even among those who got a cold, those who felt greater social supportand received more frequent hugs had less severe symptoms."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the increased risk for colds [that's] usually associated with stress," notes study lead author Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps generate the feeling that others are there to help in the face of adversity."Some experts attribute the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" because it promotes attachment in relationships, including between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the hypothalamus in the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream through the pituitary gland. But some of it remains in the brain, where it influences mood, behavior and physiology.How hugging fits in: "When you're hugging or cuddling with someone, [he or she is] stimulating pressure receptors under your skin in a way that leads to a cascade of events including an increase in vagal activity, which puts you in a relaxed state," explains psychologist Tiffany Field, director of the Touch Research Institute at the University of Miami School of Medicine. One theory is that stimulation of the vagus nerve triggers an increase in oxytocin levels.The hugging and oxytocin release that comes with it can then have trickle-down effects throughout the body, causing a decrease in heart rate and a drop in the stress hormones cortisol and norepinephrine. In a 2011 study of postpartum mothers, researchers at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in Chapel Hill found that higher oxytocin levels were associated with lower cardiovascular and sympathetic nervous system reactivity to stress. A 2005 study from the University of North Carolina found that premenopausal women who got more frequent hugs from their partners had higher oxytocin levels and lower blood pressure than their peers who didn't get as many hugs.Moreover, in some studies involving animals, "oxytocin has been found to diminish inflammation following acute stroke and cardiac arrest," notes Greg Norman, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Chicago's Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience.There's also some evidence that oxytocin can improve immune function and pain tolerance. A 2010 study from Ohio State University found that couples with more positive communication behaviors have higher levels of oxytocin and they heal faster from wounds. More recently, a 2015 study from King's College in London found that oxytocin has analgesic effects, leading to a reduction in perceived pain intensity and lower pain ratings when participants were subjected to brief radiant heat pulses that were generated by an infrared laser.On the mood front, oxytocin is known to increase levels of feel-good hormones such as serotonin and dopamine, which may be why it has calming effects. "It reduces depression and anxiety, and it may have an effect on attentional disorders," Field says. In fact, a 2010 study from Ohio State University found that when socially-housed animals were treated with a pharmacological agent that inhibited oxytocin signaling, they exhibited an increase in depressive-like behavior.The take-home message: Just because we're in the midst of cold and flu season, there's no reason to keep your distance from people you care about. "Like diet and exercise, you need a steady daily dose of hugging," Field says. But the quality of the hugging counts, too. "If you get a flimsy hug, that's not going to do it," Field says. "You need a firm hug" to stimulate oxytocin release.Getting a firm, feel-good hug before going into a stressful situation (such as giving a presentation at work orgoing for a worrisome medical examination) could even help you stay calm, cool and collected during the event because your oxytocin levels are likely to stay elevated. A 2012 study from The Netherlands found that when oxytocin is administered nasally, saliva levels of the hormone stay high for more than two hours.Of course, you won't actually know if your oxytocin level shoots up with hugging, but don't sweat it. The hug itself is likely to make you feel supported and cared about. "I suggest not worrying too much about the oxytocin portion, since what really matters is how these interactions impact emotional well-being," Norman says. In this case, feeling is as good as believing in the power of oxytocin.。