常用经济术语中英文对照
常用经济术语700个中英文词汇及其释义
常用经济术语700个中英文词汇及其释义全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Common Economic Terms for KidsHey kids! Today we're going to learn about some important words related to economics. Economics is all about how we make, use, and trade things like money, goods, and services. It can seem complicated, but I'll explain it in a simple way. Let's get started!Money: This is what we use to buy things. It can be coins, paper bills, or even digital money stored on cards or phones. Having money makes it easier to get the goods and services we need.Goods: These are physical items that we can buy, sell, or trade. Examples are food, clothes, toys, furniture, and electronics. We need many different goods to live comfortably.Services: Instead of physical things, services are actions that people do for others. Getting a haircut, seeing a doctor, or having your house cleaned are all examples of services.Income: This is the money you get from working at a job, running a business, or from other sources like interest or investments. Your income is used to pay for the things you need.Expenses: These are the things you spend your income on, like rent, utilities, food, and entertainment. It's important to earn enough income to cover your expenses.Budget: A plan for how to spend your money wisely based on your income and expenses. Following a budget helps ensure you don't run out of money for necessities.Saving: Setting aside part of your income to use later instead of spending it right away. Savings can help pay for larger expenses or be used in emergencies.Interest: Extra money you can earn by putting your savings in a bank account. Or it can be money you pay to a lender for borrowing their money.Loan: Money that you borrow from a bank or other lender, which has to be paid back over time, usually with interest added.Credit: The ability to borrow money and pay it back later. Having good credit means lenders trust you to repay loans responsibly.Debit Card: A card that lets you pay directly from the money you have in your bank account. Debit cards make it easy to buy things without carrying cash.Tax: Money that people and businesses have to pay to the government. Taxes are used to fund public services like schools, roads, and parks.Cost: How much money something costs to buy or make. Consumers look for goods and services that provide good value for their cost.Price: The specific amount of money that sellers ask for when providing a good or service. Prices are influenced by costs and supply and demand.Supply: The total amount of a good or service that's available to consumers from producers and sellers. When supply is high, prices are usually lower.Demand: How much of a good or service people want and are willing and able to buy. When demand increases while supply stays the same, prices usually rise.Those are just some of the most common terms about money and the economy. Economics affects almost everything we do, from buying groceries to saving for college.Understanding these concepts now will give you a great head start! Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions.篇2Common Economic Terms and Their MeaningsEconomics is a subject that talks about how people use money and other resources. There are many words and phrases that economists (people who study economics) use to explain different ideas and concepts. Let me share some of the most common ones with you!Money and CurrencyMoney is what we use to buy things. The most common types are coins and paper bills.Currency is the money used in a particular country, like dollars in the United States or pounds in the United Kingdom.Markets and TradeA market is a place where people buy and sell things.Trade means exchanging goods or services between people or countries.Import means bringing products into a country from another place.Export means sending products from one country to be sold in another.Supply and DemandSupply is how much of something is available to buy or sell.Demand means how much of something people want to buy.When demand is high and supply is low, prices usually go up. When supply is high and demand is low, prices usually go down.Businesses and CompaniesA business is an organization that sells products or services.A company is a type of business owned by shareholders (people who own parts of the company).Profit is the money a business makes after paying all its costs and expenses.Jobs and EmploymentA job is work that someone does to earn money.Employment means having a paid job.Income is the money someone earns from their job or other sources.A salary is money an employee gets paid, usually every month.Wages are the money someone gets paid based on the hours they work, such as every week.Government and EconomyThe government is the group of people who make rules and decisions for a country or state.Taxes are money that people and businesses have to pay to the government.The economy is all the activities related to producing, buying, and selling goods and services in a country or region.Inflation is when prices for most things increase over time, making money buy less than it could before.Banking and FinanceA bank is a place that keeps your money safe, lets you borrow money (by taking out a loan), and provides other money-related services.Interest is the extra money you pay to borrow money from a bank or lender.Savings are money you put aside for later instead of spending right away.Those are some of the most common words used when talking about economics! There are many more, but this gives you an idea of how economists describe different parts of the complex world of money, trade, businesses, jobs, and the overall economy. Economics helps us understand how people use limited resources in the best possible way.篇3Economic Terms for KidsEconomics is the study of how we use our limited resources like money, time, and materials. Here are some important economic words you should know and what they mean:Money & Finance TermsMoney - What we use to buy thingsCurrency - Types of money like dollars, euros etc.Cash - Physical coins and dollar billsChange - Coins you get after payingDebit card - Card to pay from your bank accountCredit card - Card to buy things by borrowing money Interest - Money a bank pays you for keeping money there Loan - Money you borrow that must be paid back Budget - Plan for how to spend your moneyTax - Money paid to the governmentBanking Terms11. Bank - Place that holds your money safely12. Savings account - Account to keep money for later13. Checking account - Account for paying bills14. Deposit - Putting money into a bank account15. Withdraw - Taking money out of the account16. ATM - Machine to get money from your account17. PIN - Secret code to access your bank account Employment Terms18. Job - Work you do to earn money19. Career - Type of work you want long-term20. Wage - Money paid for work by the hour21. Salary - Money paid regularly for a job22. Bonus - Extra money earned for good work23. Paycheck - Money from an employer for work done24. Employment - Having a paying job25. Unemployed - Not having a jobBusiness Terms26. Company - An organization that sells products/services27. Corporation - Big company owned by shareholders28. Factory - Place where products are manufactured29. Profit - Money left over after expenses30. Revenue - Total money a company earns31. Expense - Money a company spends32. Investment - Using money to try and make more33. Entrepreneur - Someone who starts their own business34. Inventory - Products a company has to sell35. Marketing - Promoting products to potential customersEconomic Basics36. Goods - Physical products that can be bought/sold37. Services - Work done for others in exchange for money38. Consumer - Person who buys products and services39. Producer - Person/company that makes products40. Supply - Amount of a product available41. Demand - How much of a product people want42. Cost - Amount of money needed to buy something43. Price - How much something costs to purchase44. Barter - Trading goods and services directly without money45. Value - How much something is worthEconomic Systems46. Economy - How money/goods/services are produced/used47. Capitalism - Economic system based on private ownership48. Socialism - Economic system with govtownership/control49. Free market - System with little government control50. Command economy - Central authority decides what's producedInternational Trade51. Export - Selling products to another country52. Import - Buying products from another country53. Trade deficit - Importing more than exporting54. Trade surplus - Exporting more than importing55. Tariff - Tax on imports to protect domestic industries56. Embargo - Blocking trade with a certain country57. Globalization - Increased interconnection of world economies58. Currency exchange - Changing one currency to anotherAnd many, many more terms related to economics, business, finance, trade and more! Let me know if you need any clarification on these words.篇4Common Economic Terms Explained for KidsEconomics is the study of how people use resources like money, time, and raw materials. There are a lot of big words used in economics that can be confusing. But don't worry, I'll explain them in a simple way!MARKETS & TRADEMarket - A place where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods and services for money.Supply - How much of something is available to sell.Demand - How much of something people want to buy.Import - Buying goods or services from another country.Export - Selling goods or services to another country.Trade Deficit - When a country imports more than it exports.Trade Surplus - When a country exports more than it imports.MONEY & BANKINGCurrency - The money used in a particular country, like dollars or euros.Inflation - When prices keep going up over time for the same goods and services.Deflation - When prices keep going down over time.Interest Rate - The percentage a lender charges to borrow money.Loan - Money you borrow that has to be paid back, usually with interest.Credit - The ability to borrow money and pay it back later.Investment - Using money to try to make more money, like buying stocks.BUSINESS & PRODUCTIONRevenue - The total income a company makes from selling products or services.Profit - The amount of money left after expenses are paid.Loss - When a company spends more money than it makes.Overhead - Ongoing expenses to operate a business like rent and utilities.Corporation - A big business owned by many investors.Mass Production - Making lots of one product in a factory using machines.Monopoly - When one company controls the entire supply of a product with no competition.JOBS & LABOREmployment - Having a paid job.Unemployment - Not having a job but wanting one.Wage - Money you get paid for your work, like an hourly rate or salary.Benefits - Extra compensation beyond wages like health insurance or retirement.Labor Union - Groups that workers form to negotiate better pay and conditions.Outsourcing - When companies hire workers from other countries to save money.Skilled Labor - Jobs that require special training or education.GOVERNMENT & ECONOMYTax - Money people and businesses must pay to the government.Budget - A plan for how the government will spend money and collect taxes.Deficit - When the government spends more than it receives in revenue.Debt - Money that a government owes and must pay back.Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - The total value of all goods/services in a country.Recession - When the economy shrinks for at least 6 months in a row.Depression - A really bad, long-lasting recession.That covers a lot of the most common words about economics! Let me know if any other terms need explaining.篇5Common Economic Terms Explained for KidsHi there! Today we're going to learn about some important words related to economics. Economics is the study of how people use resources like money, materials, and labor to produceand trade goods and services. It's a big topic, but don't worry, I'll explain everything in simple terms.MoneyLet's start with money! Money is something that helps us buy the things we need or want. We use dollars, coins, and even digital money these days. Here are some money-related words:Currency - This is the money used in a particular country, like the U.S. dollar.Inflation - When prices go up over time, that's called inflation. Your dollar doesn't buy as much as it used to.Interest - If you lend someone money, they pay you a little extra called interest as a fee.Budget - A plan for how to spend your money wisely on the things you need.Trade and BusinessNow let's talk about trading goods and running businesses:Export - Selling products to other countries.Import - Buying products from other countries.Supply and Demand - How much of something is available (supply) and how many people want it (demand).Entrepreneur - Someone who starts their own business!Revenue - The money a business earns from selling things.Profit - The money left over after a business pays all its expenses.Jobs and IncomeEmployment - Having a paid job.Wage - The money you get paid for your work, like an hourly wage of 10.Salary - A fixed amount of money you get paid each year for your job.Career - The type of work you want to do for a large part of your life.Income - All the money you get from jobs, investments, etc.And there are so many more! Let's keep going:16-20: Goods, Services, Consumer, Producer, Investment...I'll stop there for now, but we've only covered 20 out of 700 terms! Economics has a huge vocabulary because it covers so many areas - business, jobs, money, trade, and more.As you can see, a lot of these words are things we deal with every day, like money, jobs, and buying things we need. By understanding the meanings, we can make better decisions about how to earn, spend, and save money wisely.Don't worry if you don't get all 700 terms right away. Learning about economics is an ongoing process, just like learning any new subject. But knowing these basic concepts will give you a great headstart!Let me know if you need me to explain any of those first 20 terms again. There are 680 more where those came from! Economics may sound complicated, but with patience and practice, you'll be a money expert in no time.篇6Economics Words You Should KnowHi there! Economics is all about how we make, use, and trade things. It can seem super complicated with all the big words, butI'm going to explain 700 of the most common economic terms in a way that's easy to understand. Let's get started!Absolute Advantage - Being the best at making a good or service compared to others.Accounting - Keeping track of money coming in and going out.Acquisition - When one company buys another company.Aggregate Demand - The total demand for all goods and services in an economy.Aggregate Supply - The total supply of all goods and services in an economy.Wow, that's a lot already! Told you there were a bunch of terms. But we're just getting warmed up. Here are some more:Asset - Something valuable you own like cash, property, or investments.Balance of Payments - A record of all the business a country does with other countries.Balance of Trade - The difference between what a country exports and imports.Balanced Budget - When the money a government receives equals what it spends.Barriers to Entry - Things that make it hard for new companies to enter a market.See, this isn't so bad right? We're breezing through these. Let's keep it moving:Bear Market - When stock prices are falling over time...Bond - A kind of loan that pays interest...Budget Deficit - When the government spends more than it receives...Budget Surplus - When the government receives more than it spends...Capital - Wealth owned by a person or group that can create more wealth...I could keep going on and on, but you get the idea! There are a zillion economic terms out there describing all the nitty gritty details of how money, trade, and production work. But the most important thing is to not let all the fancy jargon intimidate you.Economics really just boils down to a few key ideas: people have unlimited wants but limited resources to meet those wants. So we have to make choices about what to produce, how to produce it, and who gets the products. Countries, companies, and individuals all have to think about how to use their resources efficiently to get the most bang for their buck.The different economic terms just describe all the nitty gritty details involved in those basic concepts of scarcity, choice, supply, demand, costs, and benefits. If you can keep those core principles in mind, the rest of the terminology isn't so scary.So don't be discouraged if you don't understand every single term right away. The more you learn about economics, the more it will all start making sense bit by bit. Just take itstep-by-step and don't be afraid to ask questions. Before you know it, you'll be an economics pro!。
经济学术语(中英文)
经济学的一些术语绝对优势（Absolute advantage）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
逆向选择（Adverse choice）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
选择成本（Alternative cost）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。
需求的弧弹性（Arc elasticity of demand）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）非对称的信息（Asymmetric information）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
平均成本（Average cost）平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
平均固定成本( Average fixed cost）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
平均产品（Average product）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
平均可变成本（Average variable cost）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
投资的β(Beta）β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
债券收益(Bond yield）债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
收支平衡图（Break－even chart）收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。
收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
预算线(Budget line）预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。
它的斜率等于商品X的价格除以商品Y的价格再乘以一1。
经济金融术语中英文对照
经济金融术语中英文对照D (2)E (3)F (3)G (5)J (8)K (10)L (11)M (12)N (13)P (13)Q (14)R (15)W (15)X (16)Y (18)Z (19)D打白条 issue IOU大额存单 certificate of deposit（CD）大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono-bank system呆账（请见“坏账”） bad loans呆账准备金 loan loss reserves（provisions）呆滞贷款 idle loans贷款沉淀 non-performing loans贷款分类 loan classification贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理国库 to act as fiscal agent代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions 戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition道德风险 moral hazard地区差别 regional disparity第一产业 the primary industry第二产业 the secondary industry第三产业 the service industry;the tertiary industry 递延资产 deferrable assets订货不足 insufficient orders定期存款 time deposits定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources东道国（请见“母国”） host country独立核算 independent accounting短期国债 treasury bills对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector多种所有制形式 diversified ownershipE恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation二级市场 secondary marketF发行货币 to issue currency发行总股本 total stock issue法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement法人股 institutional shares法人股东 institutional shareholders法治 rule of law房地产投资 real estate investment放松银根 to ease monetary policy非现场稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring）非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system分业经营segregation of financial business （services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure风险管理 risk management风险意识 risk awareness风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard服务事业收入 public service charges;user's charges扶贫 poverty alleviation负增长 negative growth复式预算制double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary accountG改革试点 reform experimentation杠杆率 leverage ratio杠杆收购 leveraged buyout高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest个人股 non-institutional shares根本扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）公开市场操作 open market operations公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业 public utilities公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector公有制 public ownership工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值 industrial value added供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施 incentives股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises股份制银行 joint-equity banks固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption关税减让 tariff concessions关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment规范行为 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior规模效益 economies of scale国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals 国家风险 country risk国际分工 international division of labor国际收支 balance of payments国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks国有经济（部门） the state-owned（or public）sector国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）国有制 state-ownership国有资产流失 erosion of state assets国债回购 government securities repurchase国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities 过度竞争 excessive competition过度膨胀 excessive expansionH合理预期 rational expectation核心资本 core capital合资企业 joint-venture enterprises红利 dividend宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals宏观调控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）坏账 bad debt还本付息 debt service换汇成本unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings汇兑在途 funds in float汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates活期存款 demand deposits汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership货币政策态势 monetary policy stance货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers过热J基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure基本经济要素 economic fundamentals基本适度 broadly appropriate基准利率 benchmark interest rate机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions机会成本 opportunity cost激励机制 incentive mechanism积压严重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory挤提存款 run on banks挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）技改投资 investment in technological upgrading技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status 计划经济 planned economy集体经济 the collective sector加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment加工贸易 processing trade加快态势 accelerating trend加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration加权价 weighted average price价格放开 price liberalization价格形成机制 pricing mechanism减亏 to reduce losses简化手续 to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures 交投活跃 brisk trading缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves结构扭曲 structural distortion结构失调 structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance结构优化 structural improvement（optimization）结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange金融脆弱 financial fragility金融动荡 financial turbulence金融风波 financial disturbance金融恐慌 financial panic金融危机 financial crisis金融压抑 financial repression金融衍生物 financial derivatives金融诈骗 financial fraud紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy紧缩政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility经济特区 special economic zones（SEZs）经济体制改革 economic reform经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）经济增长减速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth 经济制裁 economic sanction经营自主权 autonomy in management景气回升 recovery in business activity境外投资 overseas investment竞争加剧 intensifying competition局部性金融风波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance 迹象 signs of overheatingK开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business可维持（可持续）经济增长 sustainable economic growth可变成本 variable cost可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency控制现金投放 control currency issuance扣除物价因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis库存产品 inventory跨国银行业务 cross-border banking跨年度采购 cross-year procurement会计准则 accounting standardL来料加工 processing of imported materials for export离岸银行业务 off-shore banking（business）理顺外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime利率杠杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation利润驱动 profit-driven利息回收率 interest collection ratio联行清算 inter-bank settlement连锁企业 franchise（businesses）;chain businesses良性循环 virtuous cycle两极分化growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution零售物价指数 retail price index（RPI）流动性比例 liquidity ratio流动资产周转率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets流动资金贷款 working capital loans流通体制 distribution system流通网络 distribution network留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物） hire purchase垄断行业 monopolized industry（sector）乱集资 irregular（illegal）fund raising乱收费 irregular（illegal）charges乱摊派 unjustified（arbitrary）leviesM买方市场 buyer's market卖方市场 seller's market卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo贸易差额 trade balance民间信用 non-institutionalized credit免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years明补 explicit subsidy明亏 explicit loss名牌产品 brand products母国（请见“东道国”） home countryN内部控制 internal control内部审计 internal audit内地与香港 the mainland and Hong Kong内债 domestic debt扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources 农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives（RCCs）P泡沫效应 bubble effect泡沫经济 bubble economy培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth 片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth平衡发展 balanced development瓶颈制约 bottleneck（constraints）平稳回升 steady recovery铺底流动资金 initial（start-up）working capital普遍回升 broad-based recovery配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms配套人民币资金 lQ企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities 企业集团战略 corporate group strategy企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring企业领导班子 enterprise management企业所得税 enterprise（corporate）income tax企业效益 corporate profitability企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market欠税 tax arrears欠息 overdue interest强化税收征管 to strengthen tax administration强制措施 enforcement action翘尾因素 carryover effect切一刀 partial application清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans（破产）清算 liquidation倾斜政策 preferential policy区别对待 differential treatment趋势加强 intensifying trend全球化 globalization权益回报率 returns on equity（ROE）缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentumR绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP人均收入 per capita income人民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi（exchange rate）认缴资本 subscribed capital软贷款 soft loans软预算约束 soft budget constraint软着陆 soft landingocal currency funding of…W外部审计 external audit外国直接投资 foreign direct investment （FDI）外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings外向型经济 export-oriented economy外债 external debt外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system 完税凭证 tax payment documentation违法经营 illegal business委托存款 entrusted deposits稳步增长 steady growth稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability无纸交易 book-entry（or paperless/scriptless）transaction 物价监测 price monitoringX吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity稀缺经济 scarcity economy洗钱 money laundering系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis下岗工人 laid-off employees下游企业 down-stream enterprises现场稽核 on-site examination现金滞留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system 乡镇企业 township and village enterprises（TVEs）消费物价指数 consumer price index（CPI）消费税 excise（consumption）tax消灭财政赤字to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system销售平淡 lackluster sales协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings信号失真 distorted signals信托投资公司 trust and investment companies信息不对称 information asymmetry信息反馈 feedback（information）信息共享系统 information sharing system信息披露 information disclosure信用扩张 credir expansion信用评级 credit rating姓“资”还是姓“社”pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist行政措施 administrative measures需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits削减冗员 to shed excess labor force寻租 rent seeking迅速反弹 quick reboundY养老基金 pension fund一刀切universal application;non-discretionary implementation一级市场 primary market应收未收利息 overdue interest银行网点 banking outlets赢利能力 profitability营业税 business tax硬贷款（商业贷款） commercial loans用地审批 to grant land use right有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate证券投资 portfolio investment游资（热钱） hot money有市场的产品 marketable products有效供给 effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion 逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans与国际惯例接轨to become compatible with internationally accepted与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market预算外支出（收入） off-budget （extra-budgetary） expenditure （revenue）预调 pre-emptive adjustment月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basisZ再贷款 central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions在人行存款 deposits at （with） the central bank在途资金 fund in float增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum增收节支措施revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures增长平稳 steady growth增值税 value-added tax（VAT）涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth 账外账 concealed accounts折旧 depreciation整顿 retrenchment;consolidation政策工具 policy instrument政策性业务 policy-related operations政策性银行 policy banks政策组合 policy mix政府干预 government intervention证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase支付困难 payment difficulty支付能力 payment capacity直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions职业道德 professional ethics指令性措施 mandatory measures指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy滞后影响 lagged effect中介机构 intermediaries中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects;key investment project周期谷底 bottom（trough）of business cycle周转速度 velocity主办银行 main bank主权风险 sovereign risk注册资本 registered capital逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation逐步取消 to phase out抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition）专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked转贷 on-lending转轨经济 transition economy转机 turnaround转折关头 turning point准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit准货币 quasi-money资本不足 under-capitalized资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio资本利润率 return on capital资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility资不抵债 insolvent;insolvency资产负债表 balance sheet资产负债率liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets资产集中 asset concentration资产贡献率 asset contribution factor资产利润率 return on assets （ROA）资产质量 asset quality资产组合 asset portfolio资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost资金到位 fully funded （project）资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds资金利用率 fund utilization rate资金缺口 financing gap资金体外循环 financial disintermediation资金占压 funds tied up自筹投资项目 self-financed projects自有资金 equity fund综合国力 overall national strength（often measured by GDP）综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator综合治理 comprehensive adjustment（retrenchment）;over-haul 总成交额 total contract value总交易量 total amount of transactions总成本 total cost最后贷款人 lender of last resort。
国际经济法专业术语词汇中英文对照
International economic law国际经济法United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods = CISG《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》/《销售合同公约》Terms of transaction 交易条件Buying offer = Bid 买方发盘/递盘Selling offer 卖方发盘Quotation 报价单Catalogues 商品目录Sufficiently definite 十分确定Withdrawal （要约的）撤回Revocation 要约的撤销Irrevocable 不可撤销Material alteration 实质上的变更Received of the letter of acceptance rule 到达生效原则Firm 商行Partnership 合伙Insurance to be effected by the buyer 保险由买方负责Inspection clause 检验条款Claim clause 索赔条款Delivery 交货Take delivery 受领Shipping documents 装运单据Counter-offer 反要约Fundamental breach of contract 根本违反合同Anticipatory breach of contract 预期违反合同Adequate assurance of his performance 提供充分保证Damages 损害赔偿Specific performance 实际履行Declare the contract avoided 宣告合同无效Document transaction 单证交易Unascertained goods 非特定货物ascertained goods 特定货物In transit 路货（在途货物）Tender or delivery of goods 提供或交付的货物Bank for International Settlement = BIS 国际清算银行Special drawing right = SDR 特别提款权World Bank Group = WBG 世界银行集团The International Finance Corporation = IFC 国际金融公司International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes = ICSID 解决投资争议国际中心Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency = MIGA 多边投资担保机构Hard loan 硬贷款/世界银行贷款Soft loan 软贷款/国际开发协会援助贷款Loan currency 贷款货币Loan amount 贷款金额 Purpose for loan 贷款的用途Condition precedent 贷款的先决条件条款Final maturity and disbursement 贷款期限和发放Interest rate and interest 贷款的利率和利息Representation and warranties 陈述与保证 Covenant 约定事项 Negative pledge 消极保证条款/保证不作为条款Repayment 贷款的偿还Pre-repayment 贷款的提前偿还Governing law and jurisdiction 法律适用和司法管辖条款Assignment 权利或义务的让与Set-off 抵消条款Events of default 违约事件条款Syndicated loan = Corporate Finance 国际辛迪加贷款/国际商业银团贷款/银团贷款Lead manager 经理行Term sheet 贷款条件清单Mandate letter 委任书Commitment letter 义务承担书Information memorandum 信息备忘录Novation = substitution 更新/合同更新/合同替代Assignment 让与Sub-loans 转贷款Transferable loan certificate = TLC 可转让贷款证Transferable participating certificate = TPC 可转让贷款参与证Transferable loan instrument = TLI 可转让贷款票据Lead manager 牵头银行/经理银行Agent bank 代理银行Participant 参与贷款银行Project finance 国际项目贷款Take or pay contract 提货或付款协议Tax residence 税收居所The source of income 所得来源地/所得来源国Substantial presence test 实际存在标准OECD 经济合作与发展组织The tie-breaker clause 序列选择性冲突规范的解决原则Effective management 实际管理Principle of permanent establishment 常设机构原则Distinct place 显著的地点Stability, productivity, dependence 稳定性、生产性和依附性Associated permanent establishment 关联性常设机构Unassociated permanent establishment 非关联性常设机构Dependent agent 非独立地位的代理人Principle of fixed base 固定基地原则International double non-taxation 国际双重免税Tax-systematic double taxation 税制性双重征税Juridical double taxation 法律性双重征税Economic double taxation 经济性双重征税Method of tax exemption 免税法/豁免法Method of full exemption 全额免税法。
经济金融术语中英文对照
经济金融术语中英文对照D (2)E (3)F (3)G (5)J (8)K (10)L (11)M (12)N (13)P (13)Q (14)R (15)W (15)X (16)Y (18)Z (19)D打白条 issue IOU大额存单 certificate of deposit（CD）大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono-bank system呆账（请见“坏账”） bad loans呆账准备金 loan loss reserves（provisions）呆滞贷款 idle loans贷款沉淀 non-performing loans贷款分类 loan classification贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理国库 to act as fiscal agent代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions 戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition道德风险 moral hazard地区差别 regional disparity第一产业 the primary industry第二产业 the secondary industry第三产业 the service industry;the tertiary industry 递延资产 deferrable assets订货不足 insufficient orders定期存款 time deposits定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources东道国（请见“母国”） host country独立核算 independent accounting短期国债 treasury bills对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector多种所有制形式 diversified ownershipE恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation二级市场 secondary marketF发行货币 to issue currency发行总股本 total stock issue法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement法人股 institutional shares法人股东 institutional shareholders法治 rule of law房地产投资 real estate investment放松银根 to ease monetary policy非现场稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring）非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system分业经营segregation of financial business （services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure风险管理 risk management风险意识 risk awareness风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard服务事业收入 public service charges;user's charges扶贫 poverty alleviation负增长 negative growth复式预算制double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary accountG改革试点 reform experimentation杠杆率 leverage ratio杠杆收购 leveraged buyout高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest个人股 non-institutional shares根本扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）公开市场操作 open market operations公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业 public utilities公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector公有制 public ownership工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值 industrial value added供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施 incentives股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises股份制银行 joint-equity banks固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption关税减让 tariff concessions关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment规范行为 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior规模效益 economies of scale国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals 国家风险 country risk国际分工 international division of labor国际收支 balance of payments国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks国有经济（部门） the state-owned（or public）sector国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）国有制 state-ownership国有资产流失 erosion of state assets国债回购 government securities repurchase国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities 过度竞争 excessive competition过度膨胀 excessive expansionH合理预期 rational expectation核心资本 core capital合资企业 joint-venture enterprises红利 dividend宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals宏观调控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）坏账 bad debt还本付息 debt service换汇成本unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings汇兑在途 funds in float汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates活期存款 demand deposits汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership货币政策态势 monetary policy stance货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers过热J基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure基本经济要素 economic fundamentals基本适度 broadly appropriate基准利率 benchmark interest rate机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions机会成本 opportunity cost激励机制 incentive mechanism积压严重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory挤提存款 run on banks挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）技改投资 investment in technological upgrading技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status 计划经济 planned economy集体经济 the collective sector加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment加工贸易 processing trade加快态势 accelerating trend加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration加权价 weighted average price价格放开 price liberalization价格形成机制 pricing mechanism减亏 to reduce losses简化手续 to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures 交投活跃 brisk trading缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves结构扭曲 structural distortion结构失调 structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance结构优化 structural improvement（optimization）结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange金融脆弱 financial fragility金融动荡 financial turbulence金融风波 financial disturbance金融恐慌 financial panic金融危机 financial crisis金融压抑 financial repression金融衍生物 financial derivatives金融诈骗 financial fraud紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy紧缩政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility经济特区 special economic zones（SEZs）经济体制改革 economic reform经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）经济增长减速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth 经济制裁 economic sanction经营自主权 autonomy in management景气回升 recovery in business activity境外投资 overseas investment竞争加剧 intensifying competition局部性金融风波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance 迹象 signs of overheatingK开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business可维持（可持续）经济增长 sustainable economic growth可变成本 variable cost可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency控制现金投放 control currency issuance扣除物价因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis库存产品 inventory跨国银行业务 cross-border banking跨年度采购 cross-year procurement会计准则 accounting standardL来料加工 processing of imported materials for export离岸银行业务 off-shore banking（business）理顺外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime利率杠杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation利润驱动 profit-driven利息回收率 interest collection ratio联行清算 inter-bank settlement连锁企业 franchise（businesses）;chain businesses良性循环 virtuous cycle两极分化growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution零售物价指数 retail price index（RPI）流动性比例 liquidity ratio流动资产周转率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets流动资金贷款 working capital loans流通体制 distribution system流通网络 distribution network留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物） hire purchase垄断行业 monopolized industry（sector）乱集资 irregular（illegal）fund raising乱收费 irregular（illegal）charges乱摊派 unjustified（arbitrary）leviesM买方市场 buyer's market卖方市场 seller's market卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo贸易差额 trade balance民间信用 non-institutionalized credit免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years明补 explicit subsidy明亏 explicit loss名牌产品 brand products母国（请见“东道国”） home countryN内部控制 internal control内部审计 internal audit内地与香港 the mainland and Hong Kong内债 domestic debt扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources 农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives（RCCs）P泡沫效应 bubble effect泡沫经济 bubble economy培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth 片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth平衡发展 balanced development瓶颈制约 bottleneck（constraints）平稳回升 steady recovery铺底流动资金 initial（start-up）working capital普遍回升 broad-based recovery配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms配套人民币资金 lQ企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities 企业集团战略 corporate group strategy企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring企业领导班子 enterprise management企业所得税 enterprise（corporate）income tax企业效益 corporate profitability企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market欠税 tax arrears欠息 overdue interest强化税收征管 to strengthen tax administration强制措施 enforcement action翘尾因素 carryover effect切一刀 partial application清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans（破产）清算 liquidation倾斜政策 preferential policy区别对待 differential treatment趋势加强 intensifying trend全球化 globalization权益回报率 returns on equity（ROE）缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentumR绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP人均收入 per capita income人民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi（exchange rate）认缴资本 subscribed capital软贷款 soft loans软预算约束 soft budget constraint软着陆 soft landingocal currency funding of…W外部审计 external audit外国直接投资 foreign direct investment （FDI）外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings外向型经济 export-oriented economy外债 external debt外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system 完税凭证 tax payment documentation违法经营 illegal business委托存款 entrusted deposits稳步增长 steady growth稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability无纸交易 book-entry（or paperless/scriptless）transaction 物价监测 price monitoringX吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity稀缺经济 scarcity economy洗钱 money laundering系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis下岗工人 laid-off employees下游企业 down-stream enterprises现场稽核 on-site examination现金滞留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system 乡镇企业 township and village enterprises（TVEs）消费物价指数 consumer price index（CPI）消费税 excise（consumption）tax消灭财政赤字to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system销售平淡 lackluster sales协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings信号失真 distorted signals信托投资公司 trust and investment companies信息不对称 information asymmetry信息反馈 feedback（information）信息共享系统 information sharing system信息披露 information disclosure信用扩张 credir expansion信用评级 credit rating姓“资”还是姓“社”pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist行政措施 administrative measures需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits削减冗员 to shed excess labor force寻租 rent seeking迅速反弹 quick reboundY养老基金 pension fund一刀切universal application;non-discretionary implementation一级市场 primary market应收未收利息 overdue interest银行网点 banking outlets赢利能力 profitability营业税 business tax硬贷款（商业贷款） commercial loans用地审批 to grant land use right有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate证券投资 portfolio investment游资（热钱） hot money有市场的产品 marketable products有效供给 effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion 逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans与国际惯例接轨to become compatible with internationally accepted与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market预算外支出（收入） off-budget （extra-budgetary） expenditure （revenue）预调 pre-emptive adjustment月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basisZ再贷款 central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions在人行存款 deposits at （with） the central bank在途资金 fund in float增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum增收节支措施revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures增长平稳 steady growth增值税 value-added tax（VAT）涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth 账外账 concealed accounts折旧 depreciation整顿 retrenchment;consolidation政策工具 policy instrument政策性业务 policy-related operations政策性银行 policy banks政策组合 policy mix政府干预 government intervention证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase支付困难 payment difficulty支付能力 payment capacity直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions职业道德 professional ethics指令性措施 mandatory measures指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy滞后影响 lagged effect中介机构 intermediaries中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects;key investment project周期谷底 bottom（trough）of business cycle周转速度 velocity主办银行 main bank主权风险 sovereign risk注册资本 registered capital逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation逐步取消 to phase out抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition）专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked转贷 on-lending转轨经济 transition economy转机 turnaround转折关头 turning point准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit准货币 quasi-money资本不足 under-capitalized资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio资本利润率 return on capital资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility资不抵债 insolvent;insolvency资产负债表 balance sheet资产负债率liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets资产集中 asset concentration资产贡献率 asset contribution factor资产利润率 return on assets （ROA）资产质量 asset quality资产组合 asset portfolio资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost资金到位 fully funded （project）资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds资金利用率 fund utilization rate资金缺口 financing gap资金体外循环 financial disintermediation资金占压 funds tied up自筹投资项目 self-financed projects自有资金 equity fund综合国力 overall national strength（often measured by GDP）综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator综合治理 comprehensive adjustment（retrenchment）;over-haul 总成交额 total contract value总交易量 total amount of transactions总成本 total cost最后贷款人 lender of last resort。
金融学专业术语 中英文
金融学专业术语中英文B 半强式效率semi-strong efficiency 指在证券价格充分反映了所有的公开信息（包括历史价格和交易情况，但不局限于此。
）半通货膨胀Semi-inflation 当经济逐渐接近充分就业时，货币供给增加所形成的过度总需求一方面使产出增加，另一方面又使价格逐渐上升。
保险合约insurance contract 是保险公司与被保险人之间签订的当某一事件发生时按约定的费率给予被保险人赔偿的合约。
本金principal 本期收益率current yield 本位币standard money 按照国家规定的金属、单位货币的名称和重量铸造的货币。
边际储蓄倾向Marginal Propensity to Save ,MPS 反映可支配收入每增加以单位时储蓄支出增加的数量。
边际消费倾向Marginal Propensity to Concume ,MPC 反映可支配收入每增加一个单位时小分支出增加的数量。
补偿性公共支出compensatory public spending 政府财政预算应于社会经济条件保持相同的步调，即政府应在萧条期间实施结构性预算赤字的政策，而在经济繁荣时，就要保持适当的盈余。
不动产信用控制real estate credit control 指中央银行对商业银行等金融机构向客户提供不动产抵押贷款的管理 措施。
C 财富效应wealth effect 财富变动对消费和储蓄倾向的影响。
财务担保guarantee 贷款人要求担保人为借款人的借款提供经济担保，当借款人无力偿还借款时，由担保人负责偿还的一种经济合同。
财务公司financial company 通过发行商业票据、股票或从银行借款获得资金，再利用这些资金对个人或企业进行小额贷款。
财政赤字论fiscal deficit theory 克鲁格曼（Krugman,1979）提出财政赤字导致货币危机的理论。
财政性通货膨胀理论fiscal inflation theory 通过财政政策来鼓励通货膨胀的理论。
时事政治经济术语词汇中英文对照
时事政治术语词汇中英文对照civil partnership：民事伴侣关系witness：证人deploy：部署hard line：强硬路线lash out：严厉斥责clinical trial：临床试验abstention：弃权stoppage：中止；中断vaccinate：接种疫苗detonate：引爆；爆炸mascot：吉祥物cull：扑杀field work：实地考察riot：骚乱；暴动derail：脱轨；出轨stampede：蜂拥；踩踏stamp out：扑灭runoff：决定性竞选adjournment：延期；休会trilogy：三部曲touch down：着陆；落地Low profile：低调的形象cold front：冷锋blast off：发射；升空launch pad：发射台relief：救济；救济品aftershock：余震mire：陷入困境mastermind：策划felony：重罪hearing：听证会bear down on：逼近power-for-money deal：权钱交易exit poll：投票后民调standoff：僵局theme park：主题公园hunt down：追捕直至抓获tenure：任期bustling：熙熙攘攘的overshadow：投上阴影hands-on：亲自参与deplore：深表遗憾hordes of：成群的death toll：死亡人数sexual harassment：性骚扰constitution：宪法deliberate on：审议martyr：烈士；殉难者military exercises：军事演习clamp down on：施压于；压制Fatality：死亡；宿命Cruise missile：巡航导弹Whopping：巨大的Reconnaissance：侦察，踏勘Touch down：着陆，降落Smother：使熄灭，使窒息Haze：薄雾Remand：还押，押候Submarine：潜艇Sticking point：症结Protracted：延长的Bloodthirsty：残忍的Amphibious assault vehicle：水陆两用装甲车Surveillance：监视，监督Recess：休会；暂时中断Jetliner：喷气式客机Downpour：倾盆大雨Half brother：异父或异母兄弟Desolate：荒凉的，无人烟的Compare notes：交换意见Drought：旱灾；干旱季节Erode：腐蚀；使减少、减弱Defending champion：卫冕冠军Hunger strike：绝食抗议Disaffected：不忠的，不满的Seal off：封锁，阻隔Strand：使陷于困境Tribunal：特等法庭Sabotage：蓄意破坏Devout：虔敬的，诚恳的Operation：军事行动Shucks：歉意，失望Hand out：分发，施舍Rear-end：追尾Shed light on：使某事清楚Overrun：蹂躏，侵占Barbed：有刺的Margin of error：误差幅度Disarmament：裁军，解除武装Head for：动身，前往Double-decker：双层巴士Outskirts：市郊，郊外Edge out：微微胜过Anonymity：匿名，无名Blistering：酷热的Envoy：外交使节，特使Launch window：发射时限Upbeat：乐观的，愉快的Disrespectful：失礼的，无礼的Aggression：侵略；挑衅美国政治术语全记录之英汉对照(A-G)academic freedom：(学术自由) affirmative action:(弱族辅助行动) AFL-CIO：Abbreviation for the American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations, (美国联邦工会)Alaskan pipeline：(阿拉斯加石油运输管道)alderman：(AWL-duhr-muhn) A member of a city council. 市政代表American Civil Liberties Union：美国民权自由同盟.American Dream：美国梦American Legion：美国老兵会antitrust legislation：反托拉斯立法apportionment：议会席位分配appropriation：拨款arbitration：仲裁Atomic Energy Commission：原子能委员会attorney general of the United States：美国司法部长block grant: 一种联邦对各州的拨款blue laws:蓝色法令,通常是限制酒吧及酒类在星期天营业或销售的法令. branches of government:政府各部门broad construction:广义解释(指对宪法) busing:公车接送学生.(反种族歧视的手段之一)cabinet:内阁, 包括14个联邦政府部长campaign finance reform:竞选资助改革capital offense:死罪, 包括谋杀和叛国罪等可能被判死刑的犯罪capital punishment:死刑Capitol Hill:国会山caucus:(KAW-kuhs) 美国的党代会Central Intelligence Agency:中央情报局checks and balances:(权力)制衡civil liberties:民事自由civil rights:民事权利clear and present danger:显而易见的危险(一种限制言论自由的标准.) closed primary:闭锁式初选，排他性预选cloture:(KLOH-chuhr) 以表决结束辩论coattail effect:裙带关系影响commander in chief:全军统帅(指战争状态的总统)confirmation hearings:确认听证Congress:国会Congressional Record:国会记录. conscientious objector:拒服兵役者Constitution, United States:美国宪法. containment, policy of:牵制外交政策contempt of Congress:藐视国会contempt of court:藐视法庭court of appeals:上诉法院cruel and unusual punishment:异常酷刑dark horse:黑马de facto segregation:种族隔离defendant:The party that is being sued in court. (Compare plaintiff.)Democrat:民主党员.Department of Agriculture:农业部Department of Commerce:商业部Department of Defense:国防部, 总部设在Pentagon.(五角大楼) Department of Education:教育部Department of Energy:能源部Department of Health and Human Services:健康及公共事业部Department of Housing and Urban Development:住宅及城市发展部Department of Justice:司法部Department of Labor:劳动部Department of State:国务院,(与中国不同,该相当于外交部,首脑叫国务卿(secretary of state.)Department of the Interior:内务部Department of the Treasury:财政部Department of Transportation:交通部Department of Veterans Affairs:退役军人事务部direct primary:一种选举程序,中国无对应的名词,遂附英语原注释An election in which voters choose candidates to run on a party’s ticket in a subsequent election for public office. district attorney:地区检控官(律师) dollar diplomacy:美元外交domino theory:多米诺理论(指对一个主要的共产党国家失去控制将导致区域性共产主义运动.donkey:驴,民主党的徽记double jeopardy:双重处罚,指在统一管辖范围对统一犯罪审判两次.该属宪法禁止的.draft:抓壮丁式的征兵draft dodger:逃壮丁者Drug Enforcement Administration:毒品管理署due process of law:正当审判原则, 指公民未经正当合法的司法程序不得被剥夺生命,自由和财产.E pluribus unum:众多中的一个.(拉丁语美国格言,印在美国货币上)Eastern Establishment:东部权势集团Electoral College:选民代表(选民选出的再投票代表们)elephant:象(共和党党徽) entitlements:联邦资助项目(复) Environmental Protection Agency:环保署Equal Employment Opportunity Commission:平等就业机会委员会equal opportunity:机会平等(教育,就业,人权等方面)equal protection of the laws:法律面前人人平等Equal Rights Amendment:平权修正案equal time:指政党代表在电视,电台辩论发言时间均等ex post facto:溯及既往ex post facto law:溯及既往的法律 (为宪法所禁止)executive branch:执行部门farm bloc:国会里的农业集团favorite son:最佳候选人Federal Bureau of Investigation:联邦调查局federalism:联邦制fellow traveler:同党felony:重罪Fifth Amendment:第五修正俺filibuster:为阻挠议事而进行的冗长发言First Amendment:第一修正案Foggy Bottom:雾底(美国国务院的昵称,取自原座落地名)Foreign Relations Committee:对外关系委员会Foreign Service:住外事务处,(外交使团的总称)Fourteenth Amendment:十四修正案. franchise:政治上指投票权freedom of assembly:集会自由freedom of association:结社自由freedom of religion:宗教自由. freedom of speech:言论自由. freedom of the press:新闻自由friend of the court:指法庭顾问gay rights:同性恋权利.gender gap:性别隔阂.指男女之间日见明显的投票倾向的差异gerrymander:指执政党为保持选举优势采取的重划选区以削弱反对党选民范围的方法.Good Neighbor policy:罗斯福对拉丁美洲的好邻居政策GOP:Abbreviation of Grand Old Party, 大老党,共和党的别称grand jury:大陪审团guilt by association:连坐gunboat diplomacy:炮舰外交habeas corpus:人身保护hawks and doves:鹰派与鸽派hearsay:传闻homicide:他杀(有合法非法之分) House of Representatives:众议院hung jury:未作出裁决的陪审团政治用语英汉翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s”important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in theprimary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
常用金融术语(中英对照)
金融资产组合(Poｒtfolio) :指投资者持有的一组资产．一个资产多元化的投资组合通常会包含股票、债券、货币市场资产、现金以及实物资产如黄金等。
证券投资(Pｏrtfolio Ｉnｖestment) :国际收支中、资本帐下的一个项目，反映资本跨国进行证券投资的情况,与直接投资不同,后者涉及在国外设立公司开展业务，直接参与公司的经营管理．证券投资则一般只是被动地持有股票或债券。
投资组合经理（Poｒtｆolio Mａnager）:替投资者管理资产组合的人，通常获授权在约定规范下自由运用资金.共同基金的投资组合经理负责执行投资策略,将资金投资在各类资产上.头寸（Posiｔion) :就证券投资而言，头寸是指在一项资产上做多（即拥有)或做空（即借入待还）的数量。
总资产收益率（ＲOＴＡ) ：资产收益率是企业净利润与平均资产总额地百分比,也叫资产回报率（ROＡ）,它是用来衡量每单位资产创造多少净利润的指标。
其计算公式为:资产收益率=净利润／平均资产总额×100%;该指标越高,表明企业资产利用效果越好，说明企业在增加收入和节约资金使用等方面取得了良好的效果，否则相反。
整批交易（Rｏund ＬotＴrade）:指按证券和商品在市场最普遍的交易单位(例如１00股为一单位)进行的交易。
交易回合(Rｏund Tｕrn)：指在同一市场上通过对两种证券或合约一买一卖,或一卖一买的交易两相抵消。
通常在计算手续费时会提及交易回合。
缩略语有资产担保的证券(ABＳ）国际外汇交易商协会(ＡCI)现货（Ａcｔuals）亚洲开发银行(ＡＤB)美国预托证券(ADＲ）非洲开发银行（AFＤＢ）年度股东大会（ＡGＭ)另类投资市场（AIＭ）明日(Ｔ/Ｎ）债券有资产担保的证券（AＢS)卖方报价（Ask)最优价指令（At Beｓｔ)平价(Ａｔ Par）拍卖(Aｕｃtion)回购利率(RｅpｏRate)申报交易商（Rｅportiｎg Deaｌeｒ)债务重新安排（Reｓcｈedulｉng）备用贷款(Sｔａｎdby Loan)风险投资和新股发行增值性(Accrｅｔiｖｅ)收购(Ａcquisitiｏn）共同行动（Acｔing ｉn Conceｒt）关联公司(Affiliate）另类投资市场(AIM)将公司资产拆卖(Asset Strippinｇ)投资风险极高（Toxic)认购不足(Unｄerｓuｂscribed）承销商（Ｕｎderwｒｉtｅr)技术分析收集（Acｃｕmｕlaｔion)分析师(Ａnalyst)柱状图(Ｂar Cｈａrt) ：柱状图(Hｉsｔogram)也叫直方图，是一种统计报告图，由一系列高度不等的纵向条纹表示数据分布的情况。
经济学专业术语(中英文对照)
经济学专业术语（中英文对照）目录1. 经济学原理 (2)2. 像经济学家一样思考 (2)3. 相互依存性与贸易的好处 (3)4. 供给与需求的市场力量 (3)5. 弹性及其应用 (4)6. 供给需求与政策 (4)7. 消费者、生产者与市场效率 (4)8. 赋税的应用 (4)9. 国际贸易 (5)10. 外部性 (5)11. 公共物品和公共资源 (5)12. 税制设计 (5)13. 生产成本 (6)14. 竞争市场上的企业 (7)15. 垄断 (7)16. 垄断竞争 (7)17. 寡头 (7)18. 生产要素市场 (8)19. 收入与歧视 (8)20. 收入不平等与贫困 (8)21. 消费者选择理论 (9)22. 微观经济学前沿 (9)23. 一国收入的衡量 (10)24. 生活费用的衡量 (10)25. 生产与增长 (10)26. 储蓄、投资和金融体系 (11)27. 金融学的基本工具 (11)28. 失业 (12)29. 货币制度 (12)30. 货币增长与通货膨胀 (13)31. 开放经济的宏观经济学 (14)32. 开放经济的宏观经济理论 (14)33. 总需求与总供给 (14)34. 货币政策和财政政策对总需求影响 (15)35. 通胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍 (15)1.经济学原理经济:(economy)稀缺性:(scarcity)经济学:(economics)效率:(efficiency)平等:(equality)机会成本:(opporyunity cost)理性人:(rational people)边际变动:(marginal change)边际收益:(marginal benefit)边际成本:(marginal cost)激励:(incentive)市场经济:(market economy)产权:(property rights)市场失灵:(market failure)外部性:(externality)市场势力:(market power)生产率:(productivity)通货膨胀:(inflation)经济周期:(business cycle)2.像经济学家一样思考循环流量图:(circular-flow diagram)生产可能性边界:(production possibilities)微观经济学:(microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)实证表述:(positive statements)规范表述:(normative statements)有序数对:(ordered pair)3.相互依存性与贸易的好处绝对优势:(absolute advantage)机会成本:(apportunity cost)比较优势:(comparative advantage)进口品:(imports)出口品:(exports)4.供给与需求的市场力量市场:(market)竞争市场:(competitive market)需求量:(quantity demand)需求定理:(law of demand)需求表:(demand schedule)需求曲线:(demand curve)正常物品:(normal good)低档物品:(inferior good)替代品:(substitutes)互补品:(complements)供给量:(quantity supplied)供给定理:(law of supply)供给表:(supply schedule)供给曲线:(supply curve)均衡:(equilibrium)均衡价格:(equilibrium price)均衡数量:(equilibrium quantity)过剩:(surplus)短缺:(shortage)供求定理:(law of supply and demand)5.弹性及其应用弹性:(elasticity)需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)总收益:(total revenue)需求收入弹性:(income elasticity)需求的交叉价格弹性:(cross-price elasticity)供给价格弹性:(price elasticity of supply)6.供给需求与政策价格上限:(price ceiling)价格下限:(price floor)税收归宿:(tax incidence)7.消费者、生产者与市场效率福利经济学:(welfare economics)支付意愿:(willingness to pay)消费者剩余:(consumer surplus)成本:(cost)生产者剩余:(producer surplus)效率:(efficiency)平等:(equality)8.赋税的应用无谓损失:(deadweight loss)9.国际贸易世界价格:(world price)关税:(tariff)10.外部性外部性:(externality)外部性内在化:(internalizing the externality)矫正税:(corrective taxes)科斯定理:(coase theorem)交易成本:(transaction cost)11.公共物品和公共资源排他性:(excludability)消费中的竞争性:(rivalry in consumption)私人物品:(private goods)公共物品:(public goods)公共资源:(common resources)俱乐部物品:(club goods)搭便车者:(free rider)成本-收益分析:(cost-benefit analysis)公地悲剧:(tragedy of commons)12.税制设计纳税义务:(tax lianility)预算赤字:(budget defict)预算盈余:(budget surplus)平均税率:(average tax rate)边际税率:(marginal tax rate)定额税:(lump-sum tax)受益原则:(benefits principle)支付能力原则:(ability-to-pay principle)纵向平等:(vertical equity)横向平等:(horizontal equity)比例税:(proportional tax)累退税:(regressive tax)累进税:(progressive tax)13.生产成本总收益:(total revenue)总成本:(total cost)利润:(profit)显性成本:(explicit costs)隐性成本:(implicit costs)经济利润:(economic profit)会计利润:(counting profit)生产函数:(production function)边际产量:(marginal product)边际产量递减:(diminishing marginal product)固定成本:(fixed costs)可变成本:(variable costs)平均总成本:(average total cost)平均固定成本:(average fixed costs)平均可变成本:(average variable costs)边际成本:(marginal cost)有效规模:(efficient scale)规模经济:(economies of scale)规模不经济:(diseconomies of scale)规模收益不变:(constant returns to scale) 14.竞争市场上的企业竞争市场:(competitive market)平均收益:(average revenue)边际收益:(marginal revenue)沉没成本:(sunk revenue)15.垄断垄断企业:(monopoly)自然垄断:(natural monopoly)价格歧视:(price discrimination)16.垄断竞争寡头:(oligopoly)垄断竞争:(monopolistic competition) 17.寡头博弈论:(game theory)勾结:(collusion)卡特尔:(cartel)纳什均衡:(Nash equilibrium)囚徒困境:(prisoners’ dilemma)占优策略:(dominant strategy)18.生产要素市场生产要素:(factors of production)生产函数:(production function)劳动的边际产量:(marginal product of labor)边际产量递减:(diminishing marginal product)边际产量值:(value of the marginal product)资本:(capital)19.收入与歧视补偿性工资差别:(compensating differential)人力资本:(human capital)工会:(union)罢工:(strike)效率工资:(efficiency)歧视:(discrimination)20.收入不平等与贫困贫困率:(poverty rate)贫困率:(poverty line)实物转移支付:(in-kind transfers)生命周期:(life cycle)持久收入:(permanent income)功利主义:(utilitariansm)效用:(utilitariansm)自由主义:(liberalism)最大最小准则:(maximin criterion)负所得税:(negative income tax)福利:(welfare)社会保险:(social insurance)自由至上主义:(libertarianism)21.消费者选择理论预算约束线:(budget constraint)无差异曲线:(indiffernnce curve)边际替代率:(marginal rate of subtitution)完全替代品:(perfect substitudes)完全互补品:(perfect complements)正常物品:(normal good)低档物品:(inferior good)收入效应:(income effect)替代效应:(substitution effect)吉芬物品:(Giffen good)22.微观经济学前沿道德风险:(moral hazard)代理人:(agent)委托人:(principal)逆向选择:(adverse selection)发信号:(signaling)筛选:(screening)政治经济学:(political economy)康多塞悖论:(condorcet paradox)阿罗不可能性定理:(Arrow’s impossibility)中值选民定理:(median vater theorem)行为经济学:(behavioral economics)23.一国收入的衡量微观经济学:(microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)国内生产总值:(gross domestic product,GDP)消费:(consumption)投资:(investment)政府购买:(government purchase)净出口:(net export)名义GDP:(nominal GDP)真实GDP:(real GDP)GDP平减指数:(GDP deflator)24.生活费用的衡量消费物价指数:(consumer price index,CPI)通货膨胀率:(inflation rate)生产物价指数:(produer price index,PPI)指数化:(indexation)生活费用津贴:(cost-of-living allowance,COLA)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)25.生产与增长生产率:(productivity)物质资本:(physical capital)人力资本:(human capital)自然资源:(natural resources)技术知识:(technological knoeledge)收益递减:(diminishing returns)追赶效应:(catch-up effect)26.储蓄、投资和金融体系金融体系:(financial system)金融市场:(financial markets)债券:(bond)股票:(stock)金融中介机构:(financial intermediaries)共同基金:(mutual fund)国民储蓄:(national saving)私人储蓄:(private saving)公共储蓄:(public saving)预算盈余:(budget surplus)预算赤字:(budget deficit)可贷资金市场:(market for loanable funds)挤出:(crowding out)27.金融学的基本工具金融学:(finance)现值:(present value)终值:(future value)复利:(compounding)风险厌恶:(risk aversion)多元化:(diversification)企业特有风险:(firm-specific risk)市场风险:(market risk)基本面风险:(fundamental analysis)有效市场假说:(efficient markets by pothesis)信息有效:(informational efficiency)随机游走:(random walk)28.失业劳动力:(laborforce)失业率:(unemployment rate)劳动力参与率:(labor-force participation rate)自然失业率:(natural rate of unemployment)周期性失业:(cyclical unemployment)失去信心的工人:(discouraged workers)摩擦性失业:(frictional unemployment)结构性失业:(structural unemployment)寻找工作:(job search)失业保险:(unemployment insurance)工会:(union)集体谈判:(collective bargaining)罢工:(strike)效率工资:(essiciency wages)29.货币制度货币:(money)交换媒介:(medium of exchange)计价单位:(unit of account)价值储藏手段:(store of value)流动性:(liquidity)商品货币:(commodity money)法定货币:(fiat money)通货:(currency)活期存款:(demand deposits)联邦储备局:(Federal Reserve)中央银行:(central bank)货币供给:(money supply)货币政策:(monetary policy)准备金:(reserves)部分准备金银行:(fractional-reserve banking)准备金率:(reserve ratio)货币乘数:(money multiplier)银行资本:(bank capital)杠杆:(leverage)杠杆率:(leverage ratio)资本需要量:(capital requirement)公开市场操作:(open-market operations)贴现率:(discount rate)法定准备金:(reserve requirements)补充金融计划:(supplementary financing program)联邦基金利率:(federal funds rate)30.货币增长与通货膨胀铲除通胀:(whip Inflation Now)货币数量论:(quantity theory of money)名义变量:(nominal variables)真实变量:(real variables)古典二分法:(classiacl dichotomy)货币中性:(monetary neutrality)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)数量方程式:(quantity equation)通货膨胀税:(inflation tax)费雪效应:(Fisher effect)皮鞋成本:(shoeleather cost)菜单成本:(menu costs)31.开放经济的宏观经济学封闭经济:(closed economy)开放经济:(open economy)出口:(exports)净出口:(net exports)贸易余额:(trade balance)贸易盈余:(trade surplus)贸易平衡:(balanced trade)贸易赤字:(trade deficit)资本净流出:(net capital outflow)名义汇率:(nominal exchange rate)升值:(appreciation)贬值:(depreciation)真实汇率:(real exchange rate)购买力平价:(purchasing-power parity)32.开放经济的宏观经济理论贸易政策:(trade policy)资本外逃:(capital flight)33.总需求与总供给衰退:(recession)萧条:(depression)总需求与总供给模型:(model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply)总需求曲线:(aggregate-demand curve)总供给曲线:(aggregate-supply curve)自然产出水平:(natural level of output)滞胀:(stagflation)34.货币政策和财政政策对总需求影响流动性偏好理论:(theory of liquidity)财政政策:(fisical policy)乘数效应:(multiplier effect)挤出效应:(crowding-out effect)自动稳定器:(automatic stabilizers)35.通胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍菲利普斯曲线:(phillips curve)自然率假说:(natural-rate hypothesis)供给冲击:(supply shock)牺牲率:(sacrifice ratio)理性预期:(rational expectations)。
常用国际贸易术语中英文对照
常用国际贸易术语中英文对照A.A.R=againstallrisks担保全险,一切险A.B.No.=AcceptedBillNumber进口到单编号A/C=Account账号AC.=Acceptance承兑acc=acceptance,accepted承兑,承诺a/c.A/C=account帐,帐户ackmt=acknowledgement承认,收条[/color]a/d=afterdate出票后限期付款(票据)ad.advt.=advertisement广告adv.=advice通知(书)adval.=Advalorem(accordingtovalue)从价税A.F.B.=AirFreightBill航空提单Agt.=Agent代理商AI=firstclass一级AM=Amendment修改书A.M.T.=AirMailTransfer信汇Amt.=Amount额,金额A.N.=arrivalnotice到货通知A.P.=accountpayable应付账款A/P=AuthoritytoPurchase委托购买a.p.=additionalpremiun附加保险费A.R.=AccountReceivable应收款Art.=Article条款,项A/S=accountsales销货清单a/s=aftersight见票后限期付款asstd.=Assorted各色俱备的att,.attn.=attention注意av.,a/v=average平均,海损a/v=avista(atsight)见票即付经贸常用词缩写(D)、(E)DD/A=documentsagainstacceptance,承兑后交付单=documentsforacceptance,=documentsattached,备承兑单据=depositaccount存款账号d/a=daysafteracceptance承兑后……日付款D.A.=Debitadvice付款报单D/D,D.=Demanddraft,documentarydraft即期汇票,跟单汇票d/d=day’sdate(daysafterdate)出票后……日付款d.f.,d.fet.=deadfreight空载运费(船)Disc.=Discount贴现;折扣DLT=DayLetterTelegram书信电D/N=debitnote借方通知D/O=deliveryorder卸货通知书D/P=documentsagainstpayment付款后交付单据Dr.=debitdebter借方,债务人d/s.=days’sight见票后……日付款。
中英文对照术语表
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------中英文对照术语表A Absorption costing（完全成本法）Accelerated depreciation method（加速折旧法） Account（账户） Account form （账户式） Account payable（应付账款） Account receivable （应收账款） Accounting（会计） Accounting cycle（会计循环）Accounting equation（会计恒等式） Accounting period concept （会计期间概念） Accounting system（会计系统） Accounts payable subsidiary ledger（应付账款明细分类账）（应付账款明细分类账） Accounts receivable subsidiary ledger（应收账款明细分类账）（应收账款明细分类账） Accounts receivable turnover （应收账款周转率） Accrual basis（应计制；权责发生制）Accruals（应计项目） Accrued assets（应计资产） Accrued expenses（应计费用） Accrued liabilities（应计负债） Accrued revenues（应计收入） Accumulated depreciation（累计折旧）Accumulated other comprehensive income（累计其他全面收益）（累计其他全面收益） Activity base (driver)（作业基础/动因）Activity-based costing (ABC)（作业成本计算法） Adjusted trial balance（调整后试算平衡表） Adjusting entries（调整分录）Adjusting process（调整过程）Administrative expenses (general expenses)（管理费用（一般费用））Aging the receivables（应收账款账龄分析） Allowance method（备抵法）1/ 12Amortization（摊销）Annuity（年金）Assets（资产）Available-for-sale securities（可供出售证券） Average cost method（平均成本法） Average rate of return（平均回报率） B Balance of the account（账户余额） Balance sheet（资产负债表） Balanced scorecard（平衡记分卡） Bank reconciliation （银行存款余额调节表） Bond（债券） Bond indenture（债券契约） Book value（账面价值） Book value of the asset（资产的账面价值） Boot（补价） Bottleneck（瓶颈） Break-even point （盈亏临界点） Budget（预算） Budget performance report（预算业绩报告） Budgetary slack（预算松弛） Business（企业）Business entity concept（企业主体概念） Business stakeholder （企业利益相关者） Business strategy（企业战略） Business transaction（经济业务） C Capital expenditures（资本性支出） Capital expenditures budget（资本支出预算） Capital investment analysis（资本投资分析）Capital leases（资本性租赁） Capital rationing（资本分配）Carrying amount（账面金额） Cash（现金） Cash basis（现金制；收付实现制） Cash budget（现金预算） Cash dividend（现金股利） Cash equivalents（现金等价物） Cash flows from financing activities（筹资活动现金流量）（筹资活动现金流量）Cash flows from investing activities（投资活动现金流量）（投资活动现金流量） Cash flows from operating activities（经营---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 活动现金流量）（经营活动现金流量） Cash payback period（现金回收期） Cash payments journal（现金付款日记账） Cash receipts journal（现金收款日记账） Cash short and over account （现金余缺账户） Certified public accountant (CPA)（注册会计师） Chart of accounts（会计科目表） Clearing account(清理账户) Closing entries（结账分录） Closing process（结账程序） Combination strategy（混合战略） Common stock（普通股）Common-size statement（通用报表） Component（成分；组成部分）Comprehensive income（全面收益）Consolidated financial statements（合并财务报表）（合并财务报表） Consolidation（创立合并） Continuous budgeting（滚动预算） Contra account （抵减账户） Contract rate（约定利率） Contribution margin(贡献毛益) Contribution margin ratio（贡献毛益率） Controllable expenses（可控费用）Controllable variance（可控差异）Controller（主计长）Controlling account（控制账户）Conversion costs（加工成本） Copyright（版权） Corporation （公司） Cost（成本） Cost accounting system（成本会计系统）Cost allocation（成本分配） Cost behavior（成本性态） Cost center（成本中心） Cost of goods sold（产品销售成本） Cost of goods sold budget（产品销售成本预算） Cost of merchandise sold（商品销售成本） Cost of production report（生产成本报3/ 12告） Cost per equivalent unit（单位约当产量成本） Cost price approach（成本价格法）Cost variance（成本差异）Cost-volume-profit analysis（本－量－利分析）Cost-volume-profit chart（本－量－利图） Credit memorandum （贷项通知单） Credits（贷记） Cumulative preferred stock （累积优先股） Currency exchange rate（货币汇率） Current assets（流动资产） Current liabilities（流动负债） Current ratio（流动比率） Currently attainable standards（当前可达标准） D Debit memorandum（借项通知单）Debits（借记） Decentralization（分权） Declining-balance method（余额递减法） Deferred expenses（递延费用） Deferred revenues（递延收入） Deficiency（亏损） Deficit（亏损）Defined benefit plan（固定收益计划） Defined contribution plan （固定缴款计划） Depletion（折耗） Depreciation（折旧）Depreciation expense（折旧费用） Differential analysis（差异分析） Differential cost（差异成本） Differential revenue （差异收入） Differential strategy（差异化战略） Direct labor cost（直接人工成本） Direct labor rate variance（直接人工工资率差异） Direct labor time variance（直接人工工时差异）Direct materials cost（直接材料成本） Direct materials price variance（直接材料价格差异）（直接材料价格差异） Direct materials purchases budget（直接材料采购预算）（直接材料采购---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 预算） Direct materials quantity variance（直接材料数量差异）（直接材料数量差异） Direct method（直接法） Direct write-off method（直接注销法） Discontinued operations（停止经营）Discount（贴现息；折价） Discount rate（贴现率） Dishonored note receivable（拒付应收票据） Dividend yield（股利收益率）Division（分部） Doomsday ration（终极流动比率） Double-entry accounting（复式会计） Drawing（提款） DuPont formula（杜邦公式） E Earnings per common share (EPS)（每股收益）Earnings per common share (EPS) on common stock（普通股每股收益） E-commerce（电子商务） Effective interest rate method （实际利率法）Effective rate of interest（实际利率）Electronic funds transfer (EFT)（电子资金转账） Elements of internal control（内部控制要素） Employee fraud（员工舞弊）Employee s earnings record（员工收入记录） Equity method（权益法） Equity securities（权益证券） Equivalent units of production（约当产量） Ethics（伦理） Expenses（费用）Extraordinary items（非常项目） F Factory overhead cost（制造费用） FICA tax（联邦社会保险税） Financial accounting （财务会计） Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)（财务会计准则委员会） Financial statements（财务报表） Finished goods inventory（完工产品存货） Finished goods ledger（完工5/ 12产品分类账） First-in, first-out (fifo) method（先进先出法）Fiscal year（会计年度） Fixed (plant) assets（固定资产） Fixed asset impairment（固定资产减值） Fixed assets（固定资产）Fixed costs（固定成本） Flexible budget（弹性预算） FOB (free on board) destination（目的地交货） FOB (free on board) shipping point（装运地交货）（装运地交货） Free cash flow（自由现金流量） Fringe benefits（额外福利） Future value（未来价值，终值） G General journal（普通日记账） General ledger（总分类账） Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)（公认会计原则） Goal conflict（目标冲突） Goodwill （商誉） Gross pay（工资总额） Gross profit（毛利） Gross profit method（毛利法） H Held-to-maturity securities（持有至到期证券） High-low method（高低点法） Horizontal analysis （水平分析） I Ideal standards（理想标准） Income from operations (operating income) （营业利润）（营业利润） Income statement（损益表） Income summary（收益汇总） Indirect method （间接法） Inflation（通货膨胀） Initial public offering (IPO)（首次公开招股） Intangible assets（无形资产） Internal controls（内部控制） Internal rate of return method（内含回报率法） Inventory shrinkage（存货损耗） Inventory turnover （存货周转率） Investment center（投资中心） Investment turnover（投资周转率） Investments（投资） Invoice（发票）---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------J Job cost sheet（分批成本计算单） Job order cost system（分批成本计算法） Journal（日记账） Journal entry（日记账分录）Journalizing（编制分录） Just-in-time (JIT) processing（适时加工制） L Last-in, first-out (lifo) method（后进先出法）Ledger（分类账） Leverage（杠杆收益） Liabilities（负债）Limited liability corporation (LLC)（有限责任公司）（有限责任公司） Liquidation（清算） Long-term liabilities（长期负债）Low-cost strategy（低成本战略） Lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) method（成本与市价孰低法）（成本与市价孰低法） M Management Discussion and Analysis (MDA)（管理层讨论与分析） Managerial accounting（管理会计） Manufacturing business（制造企业）Manufacturing cells（制造单元） Margin of safety（安全边际）Market price approach（市场价格法） Markup（加成） Master budget（全面预算） Matching concept（配比概念） Materiality concept（重要性概念）Materials inventory（材料存货）Materials ledger（材料分类账） Materials requisitions（领料单） Maturity value（到期值） Merchandise inventory（商品存货） Merchandising business（商业企业） Merger（吸收合并）Minority interest（少数股权）Mixed cost（混合成本）Multiple-step income statement （多步式损益表） N Natural business year（自然营业年度） Negotiated price approach（协7/ 12议价格法） Net income（净利润） Net loss（净亏损） Net pay （工资净额） Net present value method（净现值法） Net realizable value（可变现净值） Nonparticipation preferred stock（非参与优先股）（非参与优先股） Note receivable（应收票据） Number of days sales in inventory（存货销售周期）（存货销售周期） Number of days sales in receivables（应收账款周转天数）（应收账款周转天数） Number of times interest charges are earned(利息保障倍数) O Operating leases（经营性租赁）Operating leverage（经营杠杆） Opportunity cost（机会成本）Other comprehensive income（其他全面收益） Other expense（其他费用） Other income（其它收入） Outstanding stock（流通在外股票） Overapplied factory overhead（制造费用过度分配）（制造费用过度分配） Owners equity（所有者权益） P Paid-in capital（实缴资本） Par（面值） Parent company（母公司）Partnership（合伙企业） Partnership agreement（合伙契约）Patents（专利权） Payroll（工资） Payroll register（工资表）Period costs（期间成本） Periodic method（定期盘存制）Permanent differences（永久性差异） Perpetual method（永续盘存制） Petty cash fund（备用金） Physical inventory（实地盘存） Post-closing trial balance（结账后试算平衡表）Posting（过账） Predetermined factory overhead rate（预定制造费用分配率）（预定制造费用分配率） Preferred stock（优先股）---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ Premium（溢价） Prepaid expenses（预付费用） Present value （现值） Present value concept（现值概念） Present value index（现值指数） Present value of an annuity（年金现值）Price-earnings (P/E) ratio（市盈率） Price-earnings ratio （市盈率） Prior period adjustments（前期调整） Private accounting（内部会计） Proceeds（贴现净额） Process（流程；步骤）Process cost system（分步成本计算法）Process manufacturers（分步制造企业） Product cost concept（产品成本概念） Product costs（产品成本） Production budget（生产预算） Profit center（利润中心） Profit margin（销售利润率）Profitability（获利能力） Profit-volume chart（利润－产量图）Promissory note（承兑票据） Property, plant, and equipment （财产、厂房和设备）（财产、厂房和设备） Proprietorship(独资企业) Public accounting（公共会计） Purchase method(购买法) Purchase return or allowance（购货退回或折让） Purchases discounts（购货折扣） Purchases journal（采购日记账） Q Quick assets（速动资产） Quick ratio（速动比率） R Rate earned on common stockholders equity（普通股股东权益收益率） Rate earned on stockholders equity（股东权益收益率）（股东权益收益率） Rate earned on total assets（总资产收益率） Rate of return on investment (ROI)（投资回报率）（投资回报率） Ratio of fixed9/ 12assets to long-term liabilities（固定资产对长期负债比率）（固定资产对长期负债比率） Ratio of liabilities to stockholders equity（负债对股东权益比率）（负债对股东权益比率） Real accounts（实账户） Realization（变现） Receivables（应收款项） Receiving report（收货单） Relevant range（相关范围）Report form（报告式） Residual income（剩余收益） Residual value（残值）Responsibility accounting（责任会计）Responsibility center（责任中心）Restrictions（限制）Restructuring charge（重组费用） Retail inventory method（零售价格法） Retained earnings（留存收益） Retained earnings statement（留存收益表） Revenue expenditure（收益性支出）Revenue journal（收入日记账） Revenue recognition concept （收入确认概念） Revenues（收入） Reversing entry（转回分录） S Sales（销售收入） Sales budget（销售预算） Sales discounts（销售折扣） Sales mix（销售组合） Sales returns and allowances（销售退回与折让） Selling expenses（销售费用）Service business（服务企业） Service department charges（服务部门费用） Single-step income statement（单步式损益表）Sinking fund（偿债基金） Slide（滑位） Solvency（偿债能力）Special journals（专用日记账） Standard cost（标准成本）Standard cost systems（标准成本系统） Stated value（设定价值） Statement of cash flows（现金流量表） Statement of---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ members equity（成员权益报表） Statement of owner s equity （所有者权益表） Statement of partnership equity（合伙企业权益表）（合伙企业权益表）Statement of partnership liquidation（合伙企业清算表）（合伙企业清算表） Statement of stockholders equity（股东权益表） Static budget（固定预算）Stock（股票） Stock dividend（股票股利） Stock split（股票分割） Stockholders（股东） Stockholders equity（股东权益）Straight-line method（直线法） Subsidiary company（子公司）Sunk cost(沉没成本) T T account（T 型账户） Target costing （目标成本法） Taxable income（应税所得） Temporary (nominal) accounts（临时性（虚）账户）（临时性（虚）账户） Temporary differences（暂时性差异） Temporary investments（临时性投资）Theory of constraints (TOC)（限制理论） Time tickets（计工单） Time value of money concept（货币时间价值概念）（货币时间价值概念） Total cost concept（完全成本概念） Trade discounts（商业折扣） Trade-in allowance（以旧换新折让）Trademark（商标） Trading securities（交易证券） Transfer price（转移价格） Transposition（换位） Treasury stock（库藏股票） Trial balance（试算平衡） Two-column journal（两栏式日记账） U Uncollectible accounts expense（坏账费用）Underapplied factory overhead（制造费用分配不足）（制造费用分11/ 12配不足） Underwriting firms（证券包销公司） Unearned revenue （预收收入） Unearned revenues（预收收入） Unit contribution margin（单位贡献毛益） Unit of measure concept（计量单位概念） Units-of-production method（产量法） Unrealized holding gain or loss（未实现持有利得或损失） V Value chain（价值链）Variable cost concept（变动成本概念） Variable costing（变动成本计算） Variable costs（变动成本） Venture capitalist (VC)（风险投资家） Vertical analysis（垂直分析） Volume variance（产量差异） Voucher（付款凭单） Voucher system（付款凭单制度） Work in process inventory（在产品存货） Work sheet（工作底稿） Working capital（营运资本） Yield（收益率） Zero-based budgeting（零基预算）。
常用经济术语中英文对照
国民经济、对外经济贸易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE经济指标 economic indicators社会总产值 total product of society国民生产总值 GNP （Gross Domestic Product）国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product）人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture国民收入 national income购买力平价法 purchasing power parity财政收入 state revenue社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index百分点 percentage points”八五"划划 the 8th Five—Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development计划经济 planned economy统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing市场经济 market economy指令性计划 mandatory plan指导性计划 guidance plan市场调节 market regulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政”三个机制” establish operational mechanisms of market economy， rule by law， democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture， transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型经济 export-oriented economy创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise劳动密集型 labor intensive技术、智力、资本密集型 technology， knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工 down—stream processing with high added—value优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources生产力 productive forces生产资料 capital goods科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings火炬计划 Torch Plan技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock风险投资 venture investment/capital固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets技术转让 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study意向书 letter of intent投资环境 investment environment跨国公司 transnational coorporation基础设施 infrastructure20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies， managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside。
金融行业中英文词汇对照汇总
金融行业中英文词汇对照汇总在金融行业中，掌握和了解中英文词汇的对照非常重要。
本文将汇总一些常见的金融行业词汇，以便读者可以更好地理解和运用这些术语。
1. 金融市场•Financial Market（金融市场）•Stock Market（股票市场）•Bond Market（债券市场）•Foreign Exchange Market（外汇市场）•Commodity Market（商品市场）•Derivatives Market（衍生品市场）2. 金融产品•Stocks（股票）•Bonds（债券）•Mutual Funds（共同基金）•ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds)（交易所交易基金）•Options（期权）•Futures（期货）•Swaps（掉期协议）•Currencies（货币）•Commodities（商品）3. 金融机构•Bank（银行）•Commercial Bank（商业银行）•Investment Bank（投资银行）•Central Bank（中央银行）•Insurance Company（保险公司）•Brokerage Firm（经纪公司）•Asset Management Company（资产管理公司）4. 财务指标•Net Income（净利润）•Revenue（营业收入）•Expenses（费用）•Assets（资产）•Liabilities（负债）•Equity（股东权益）•Return on Investment（投资回报率）•Profit Margin（利润率）•Cash Flow（现金流）•Earnings per Share（每股收益）5. 金融服务•Banking Services（银行服务）•Investment Services（投资服务）•Insurance Services（保险服务）•Financial Planning（财务规划）•Wealth Management（财富管理）•Risk Management（风险管理）•Retirement Planning（退休规划）•Tax Services（税务服务）6. 金融专业名词•Economics（经济学）•Finance（金融学）•Accounting（会计学）•Portfolio Management（投资组合管理）•Asset Allocation（资产配置）•Risk Assessment（风险评估）•Hedge Fund（对冲基金）•Interest Rate（利率）•Inflation（通胀）•Capital（资本）7. 国际金融相关词汇•International Monetary Fund（国际货币基金组织）•World Bank（世界银行）•Export（出口）•Import（进口）•Balance of Trade（贸易差额）•Foreign Direct Investment（外国直接投资）•Exchange Rate（汇率）•Trade Surplus（贸易顺差）•Trade Deficit（贸易逆差）•Sovereign Debt（主权债务）以上仅为一些常见的金融行业中英文词汇对照，读者可以根据需要进一步扩充和学习。
经济学中常见术语(中英文对照)
经济术语价格术语trade term （price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税portdues回佣return commission装运港portof shipment折扣discount，allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港portof destination零售价retail price进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB—free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C＆F—cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF—cost，insurance and freight裙带资本主义（Crony Capitalism）道德风险（Moral Hazard）产权（property rights）公地悲剧（Tragedy of the commons）垄断(monopoly）逆向选择（adverse selection)常用经济学术语：economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分，私营部门public sector 公共部门，公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产，房地产circulating capital，working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金，周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支，准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金，平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资，资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current—account holder 支票帐户（美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作：check）bearer cheque，cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票，来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿，支票本（美作：checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让，转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business，no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote，note 钞票,纸币（美作：bill）to pay （in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装，存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation （货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价，牌价share 股份，股票shareholder，stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手，空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人，借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销，摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance，grant, subsidy 补贴，补助金,津贴output 产出,产量producer 生产者，制造者productive，producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods，finished goods 制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应，补给input 投入productivity 生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste外资企业foreign—funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded ente。
(完整word版)金融术语中英文对照(word文档良心出品)
Back-door listing 借壳上市Back-end load 撤离费；后收费用Back office 后勤办公室Back to back FX agreement 背靠背外汇协议Balance of payments 国际收支平衡；收支结余Balance of trade 贸易平衡Balance sheet 资产负债表Balance sheet date 年结日Balloon maturity 到期大额偿还Balloon payment 期末大额偿还Bank, Banker, Banking 银行；银行家；银行业国际结算银行Bank forInternational Settlements(BIS)Bankruptcy 破产Base day 基准日Base rate 基准利率Basel Capital Accord 巴塞尔资本协议Basis Point (BP) 基点；点子一个基点等如一个百分点（%）的百分之一。
举例：25个基点=0.25%Basis swap 基准掉期Basket of currencies 一揽子货币Basket warrant 一揽子备兑证Bear market 熊市；股市行情看淡Bear position 空仓；空头Bear raid 疯狂抛售Bearer 持票人Bearer stock 不记名股票Behind-the-scene 未开拓市场Below par 低于平值Benchmark 比较基准Benchmark mortgage pool 按揭贷款基准组合Beneficiary 受益人Bermudan option 百慕大期权百慕大期权介乎美式与欧式之间，持有人有权在到期日前的一个或多个日期执行期权。
Best practice 最佳做法；典范做法Beta (Market beta) 贝他(系数)；市场风险指数Bid 出价；投标价；买盘指由买方报出表示愿意按此水平买入的一个价格。
经济财务术语中英文对照
财务术语中英文对照一、会计与会计理论会计accounting决策人Decision Maker投资人Investor股东Shareholder债权人Creditor财务会计Financial Accounting管理会计Management Accounting成本会计Cost Accounting私业会计Private Accounting公众会计Public Accounting注册会计师CPA Certified Public Accountant国际会计准则委员会IASC美国注册会计师协会AICPA财务会计准则委员会FASB管理会计协会IMA美国会计学会AAA税务稽核署IRS独资企业Proprietorship合伙人企业Partnership公司Corporation会计目标Accounting Objectives会计假设Accounting Assumptions会计要素Accounting Elements会计原则Accounting Principles会计实务过程Accounting Procedures财务报表Financial Statements财务分析Financial Analysis会计主体假设Separate-entity Assumption货币计量假设Unit-of—measure Assumption持续经营假设Continuity（Going—concern) Assumption会计分期假设Time-period Assumption资产Asset负债Liability业主权益Owner's Equity收入Revenue费用Expense收益Income亏损Loss历史成本原则Cost Principle收入实现原则Revenue Principle配比原则Matching Principle全面披露原则Full—disclosure (Reporting) Principle客观性原则Objective Principle一致性原则Consistent Principle可比性原则Comparability Principle重大性原则Materiality Principle稳健性原则Conservatism Principle权责发生制Accrual Basis现金收付制Cash Basis财务报告Financial Report流动资产Current assets流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities投入资本Contributed Capital留存收益Retained Earning--—---—-—----—-———-—--—-————--—-—-———---—--—---————-—---—---二、会计循环会计循环Accounting Procedure/Cycle会计信息系统Accounting information System帐户Ledger会计科目Account会计分录Journal entry原始凭证Source Document日记帐Journal总分类帐General Ledger明细分类帐Subsidiary Ledger试算平衡Trial Balance现金收款日记帐Cash receipt journal现金付款日记帐Cash disbursements journal销售日记帐Sales Journal购货日记帐Purchase Journal普通日记帐General Journal工作底稿Worksheet调整分录Adjusting entries结帐Closing entries——-—-———-————-———---———---—-—--—————----—-————----—---—---三、现金与应收帐款现金Cash银行存款Cash in bank库存现金Cash in hand流动资产Current assets偿债基金Sinking fund定额备用金Imprest petty cash支票Check（cheque）银行对帐单Bank statement银行存款调节表Bank reconciliation statement在途存款Outstanding deposit在途支票Outstanding check应付凭单Vouchers payable应收帐款Account receivable应收票据Note receivable起运点交货价F.O.B shipping point目的地交货价F。
经济金融术语中英文对照表
根本扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）
公开市场操作 open market operations
公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
公用事业 public utilities
从紧控制 tight control
存贷款比例 loan/deposit ratio
存款保险体系 deposit insurance system
存款货币银行 deposit money banks
存款准备金 required reserves
经济金融术语汉英对照表D
非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations
分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system
分业经营 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions
采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner
操作弹性 operational flexibility
操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate
产品构成 product composition;product mix
贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism
代理国库 to act as fiscal agent
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国民经济、对外经济贸易NATIONAL ECONOMY，FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE 经济指标 economic indicators社会总产值 total product of society国民生产总值 GNP （Gross Domestic Product）国内生产总值 GDP （Gross Domestic Product）人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture国民收入 national income购买力平价法 purchasing power parity财政收入 state revenue社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index百分点 percentage points"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development计划经济 planned economy统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing市场经济 market economy指令性计划 mandatory plan指导性计划 guidance plan市场调节 market regulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy， rule by law， democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture， transportation and energy supply， education and science and technology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure， ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三产业 primary， secondary and tertiary industries外向型经济 export-oriented economy创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise劳动密集型 labor intensive技术、智力、资本密集型 technology， knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources生产力 productive forces生产资料 capital goods科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings火炬计划 Torch Plan技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock风险投资 venture investment/capital固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets技术转让 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study意向书 letter of intent投资环境 investment environment跨国公司 transnational coorporation基础设施 infrastructure20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies， managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商项目 project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice；bring … in line with the international usage加大改革力度 intensify reforms一条龙服务 one package service一支笔审批 one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。
To a great extent， the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit， and trading of needed goods外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development； sustain momentum of development经济实力 economic capabilities龙头 pacemaker； leading role三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads， and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.瓶颈 bottleneck以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control良性循环 positive cycle国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 政策性亏损 policy-related loss三角债 chain debts上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee企业"工效挂钩" link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization批量生产 mass production以销定产 limit production to market ability内联企业 inland associated enterprises菜篮子工程 shipping basket project国产化 percentage of home-made parts配套改革 coordinated reforms配套措施 supporting measures配套工程 auxiliary project国内配套资金 domestic funds向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry升级换代 upgrading and updating看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate在过渡时期 in a period of transition粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation基础地位 leading position门类齐全 covering extensive fields存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves贸易顺差 trade surplus完善的市场和发达的金融体制 well-established market and sophisticated financial system消灭失业 wipe out unemployment降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order紧缩银根 tighten the money supply一位数水平 one digit level保持双边贸易的平衡 balance the two-way trade这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。
This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to forge enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties.市场疲软 a market slump库存积压 overstocked products国家指令性计划 state mandatory planning统一定价 unified price setting国家统配物资 materials allocated by state货币发放 the issue of currency规范价格秩序 standardize the price order简化流通环节，增加随机检查 simplify circulation and add more random checks市场机制开始发挥调节作用。