生物工程专业英语3讲解学习
生物专业英语第三版蒋悟生编__课文翻译及课后单词
Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell PartsCytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
生物工程(生物技术)专业英语翻译
生物工程(生物技术)专业英语翻译Lesson One（4学时）Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell Parts教学目的：使学生掌握细胞的组成结构（各种细胞器以及它们在细胞中的位置），Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
2The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
生物工程生物技术专业英语翻译精修订
生物工程生物技术专业英语翻译SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#Lesson One（4学时）Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell Parts教学目的：使学生掌握细胞的组成结构（各种细胞器以及它们在细胞中的位置），Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
生物工程专业英语3
intuitive 【 ɪn‘tjuɪtɪv 】直觉的，直观的 vital 【 ‘vaɪt! 】有生命的
It cannot be ascertained whether these microbial processes arose by accidental observation or by intuitive experimentation but their further and continued development were early examples of man’s abilities to use the vital activities of organisms for his own needs.
manipulation【mə,nɪpju‘leʃən】操作、控制
其他的微生物过程，如奶酪和酸奶等发酵 乳制品的生产，以及酱油和豆豉等各种东 方食品的生产，都同样有悠久的历史。
Of more rencent introduction is mushroom cultivation which probably dates back many hundreds of years for Japanese shii-ta-ke cultivation and about 300 years for the Agaricus mushroom now widely cultivated throughout the temperate world.
因此，应该从广义上来理解生物学和化学 以及他们与生物技术之间的关系。
生物工程专业英语第三章翻译3.6-3.7
3.6分析和操纵遗传物质已革命性的发展在体外基因的克隆技术，允许隔离，净化和选择性扩增在适当的生物系统几乎任何离散段从几乎任何生物体。
由于删除基因不含相关基因，基因的克隆可以采用的方法分析和处理是主要针对基因区域的利益，从而大大提高效率的方法，简化了识别和表征（特征分析）的新型改性衍生物。
相反，原生质体融合，大部分或全部基因组混合的特点和兴趣控制一般由大量的基因（例如，抗生素），基因重组技术主要关注的是少数个别基因的已知基因的产品（例如，保护蛋白质，多肽等。
）。
该l978遗传操作规定（基因操作条例）定义的遗传操纵的形成新的组合的遗传物质的分离的核酸分子，通过任何手段以外的细胞，任何病毒，细菌质粒，或其他载体系统，使其纳入（掺入）宿主生物体中，他们不自然地出现在他们能够继续繁殖的遗传操纵。
因此定义不包括，例如，单克隆抗体，改良微生物常规遗传技术，体外受精或克隆技术用于动物使用。
遗传操作技术，到目前为止，只有一小的贡献，虽然重要的，生物技术的研究和应用。
在过去十年中几个重要的发现是在介于分子生物学的迅速发展引发了基因重组技术。
特别意义的孤立的突变株大肠杆菌不能分解或限制外源基因导入细胞，并确定和表征限制性内切酶能够切割双链（德尚）基因在特定的网站。
一般来说，这样的片段无法改造或复制有效地在宿主细胞。
这一问题已在很大程度上克服了插入片段为载体，可以插入到宿主细胞，使有关信息表达的载体。
通常是细菌质粒，噬菌体或酵母2μDNA，共价粘接的片段的载体，是实现与酶核酸连接酶。
新合成的载体或嵌合分子进行改造宿主生物，如大肠杆菌，枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和宿主细胞生长和繁殖（克隆）也将载体复制和扩增基因。
它可以克隆整个基因组，从而创造一个大规模的收集或图书馆（库）独立分子（基因组文库基因组文库。
）将包含所有的生物基因组序列，原则上应是可能的孤立任何基因提供一个具体的探针检测可以得到。
如果平均大小的克隆序列20个碱基，约700000个人克隆将需要一个完整的图书的人类基因组。
生物专业英语第三版蒋悟生 编__课文翻译
Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell PartsCytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
生物工程专业英语整理
后置定语即位于其所修饰的名词之后的定语，汉 语常用前置定语或多个简单句来说明某概念或术 语，而专业英 语则更多地使用后置定语。
All radiant energies have wavelike characteris cs, which araen alogous to those of waves moving through water. All radiant energies have wavelike characteris cs analogous to
Sulphate,
Chromosome， ribosome
二、词汇
1、For thousands of years, microorganisms have been used to supply products such as bread, beer and wine. A second phase of traditional microbial biotechnology began during World War I and resulted in the development of the acetone-butanol and glycerol fermentations, followed by processes yielding, for example, citric acid, vitamins and antibiotics.
-ency
抽象概念，如性质、状态、行为等 efficiency 效率， frequency 频率，
-ion，-tion， 抽象概念，如性质、状态、行为等 action 作用，automation 自动化, transmission传输，
生物医学工程专业英语及其翻译
1 Unit 1 Biomedical Engineering Lesson 1A History of Biomedical EngineeringIn its broadest sense, biomedical engineering has been with us for centuries, perhaps even thousands of years. In 2000, German archeologists uncover a 3,000-year-old mummy from Thebes with a wooden prosthetic tied to its foot to serve as a big toe. Researchers said the wear on the bottom surface suggests that it could be the oldest known limb prosthesis. Egyptians also used hollow reeds to look and listen to the internal goings on of the human anatomy. In 1816, modesty prevented French physician Rene Laennec from placing his ear next to a young woman’s bare chest, so he rolled up a newspaper and listened through it, triggering the idea for his invention that led to today’s ubiquitous stethoscope.广义上来说,生物医学工程与我们已经几个世纪以来,甚至数千年。
2000年,德国考古学家发现一个3000岁高龄的木乃伊从底比斯木制假肢与作为大脚趾的脚。
生物专业英语第三版课文翻译(完整)
Lesson OneInside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell Parts1、 Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory ( 细胞质：动力工厂 )Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
2、The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
(精品生物专业英语第三版蒋悟生编--课文翻译
生物专业英语第三版蒋悟生编--课文翻译Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell PartsCytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
生物工程专业英语复习总结
P1 NO.1Biotechnology is an area of applied bioscience and technology which involves the practical application of biological organisms ，or their subcellular components to manufacturing and service industries and to environment management，biotechnology utilizes bacteria、yeast 、fungi 、algae、plant cells or cultured mammalian cells as constitutes of industrial processes。
Successful application of biotechnology will result only from the integration of a multiplicity of scientific disciplines and technologies，inclouding microbiology biochemistry，genetics ，molecular biology ，chemistry and chemical and process engineering。
生物工程是属于应用生物科学和技术的一个领域，它包含微生物或其亚细胞组份在制造业、服务业、和环境管理等方面的应用，生物工程利用细菌、酵母菌、真菌、藻类、植物细胞及培养的哺乳动物细胞作为工业生产的组成。
只有将微生物学、生物化学、遗传学、分子生物学、化学、和化学工程等多种学科和技术结合起来，生物工程的应用才能获得成功。
Biotechnological processes will normally involve the production of cells or biomass,and the achievement of desired chemical transformations.the latter may be further subdivided into:Formation of a desired end product decomposition of a given starting material生物学发展史四阶段：biotechnological production of food and beveragesbiotechnological processes initially developed under non-sterle conditionsthe introduction of sterility to biotechnological processesnew dimensions and possibilities forbiotechnological industriesrecombinant dna manipulationDNA重组tissue culture组培protoplast fusion原生质融合monoclonal antibody preparation 单克隆抗体protein structural modification蛋白结构修饰immobilized enzyme and cellcatalysis固定化酶和细胞技术sensing with the aid of biologicalmolecules生物传感computer linkage of reactors andprocesses计算机检测new biocatalytic reactor design新型生物反应器设计P9 summaryBiotechnology can be consideredto be the application ofbiological organisms andprocesses to manufacturingindustries 。
生物专业英语复习资料(第三版词汇)
名词解释：发酵（fermentation）：通过微生物或动植物细胞生长培养和化学变化大量产生和积累专门的代谢产物的过程。
生物固定化（immobilized）：将具有一定生理更能的生物细胞，如微生物细胞、植物细胞、动物细胞等，用一定方法将其固定，作为固体催化剂加以利用的一门技术，固定化细胞与固定化酶技术共同组成了现代化的生物催化技术固体培养（solid culture）：微生物生长在潮湿不溶于水的基质发酵，在固体发酵过程中几乎不含自由水。
腺病毒（adenovirus）：一类DNA病毒主要引起呼吸系统急性感染，经改造的的腺病毒基因组可作为基因载体用于转染，也可用于基因治疗，潜在危险性较小。
在作为基因载体转染的过程中外源基因并整合到宿主靶细胞基因组中，并且表达一定时间自然降解。
佐剂（adjuvant）：能非特异性的增强机体对抗原免疫应答的物质，其本身无抗原性，但与抗原结合后可以促进机体产生抗体，或延长抗体产生的时间，还能产生炎症反应，使抗体在组织局部聚集。
胰岛素（insulin）：胰腺中的胰岛β细胞分泌的一种蛋白质激素含51个氨基酸其生物学作用包括参与糖代谢、脂代谢、蛋白质代谢的调节。
单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibody）：抗体主要由B细胞合成，每个B细胞有合成一种抗体的遗传基因，动物脾脏有上百万种B细胞系，含遗传基因不同的B细胞合成不同的抗体，当机体受到抗原刺激时，抗原分子上的许多决定簇分别激活各个具有不同基因的B细胞，被激活的B细胞分裂增殖形成该细胞的子代细胞，有许多个被激活B细胞的分裂增殖,形成该细胞的子代细胞，有许多个被激活的B细胞的分裂增殖形成多克隆，并合成多种抗体，若能选出一个制造一种专一抗体的细胞进行培养，就可得到由单细胞经分裂增殖而形成的细胞群即单克隆、单克隆细胞将合成一种决定簇的抗体称为Ig。
单克隆抗体技术：要制备单克隆抗体须首先获得能合成转移抗体的单克隆B细胞。
但这种B 细胞不能在体外生长，实验发现骨髓瘤细胞可在体外生长繁殖，应用细胞杂交技术使骨髓瘤细胞与免疫系统的淋巴细胞融合，得到杂交骨髓瘤细胞，这种细胞既具有B细胞合成专一抗体的特性，又具有骨髓瘤细胞能在体外培养增值永存的特性。
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versatility 【‘vɜ:sə’tɪlɪtɪ 】多用途的,多功能的 organic 【ɔ:‘ɡænik 】 有机的，有机物的
由于生物技术的普遍性，它将在许多工业 生产过程中产生重大的影响。理论上，几 乎所有的有机物都能用生物技术来生产。
Predictions of future worldwide market potential for biotechnological products in the year 2000 have been estimated at nearly US $ 65bn.
生物工程专业英语
antibiotic 【æntɪbaɪ'ɔtɪk】 抗生素 vaccine 【væ k'si:n 】疫苗
Biotechnology includes fermentation processes (ranging from beers and wines to bread, cheese, antibiotics and vaccines), water and waste treatment, parts of food technology, and an increasing range of novel applications ranging from biomedical to metal recovery from low grade ores.
到2000年，生物技术在未来全球市场的潜 力预计接近650亿美元
synthesize 【'sɪnθɪ,saɪz 】人工合成，使合成 molecule 【‘mɔlikju:l】 分子 interferon 【'intə(:) 'fiərɔn 】干扰素
However, it must also be appreciated that many important new bio-products will still be synthesized chemically from models derived from existing biological molecules, e.g., new drugs based on the interferons.
因此，应该从广义上来理解生物学和化学 以及他们与生物技术之间的关系。
residue 【'rezɪ,du: 】 剩余，余渣
A high production of the techniques used in biotechnology tend to be more economic, less energy demanding and safer than current traditional industrial processes and for most processes the residues are biodegradable and non-toxic.
从长远来看，生物技术提供了一种可以解 决众多世界性难题的方法，尤其是医药、 食品生产、污染控制和新能源发展领域的 问题。
Contrary to popular belief biotechnology is not a new pursuit but in reality dates far back into history. In practice, four major developmental phases can be identified in arriving at modern biotechnological systems.
Because of its versatility, biotechnology will exert a major impact in many industrial processes and in theory almost all organic materials could be producted by biotechnological methods.
与人们的普遍看法相反的是，生物技术并 不是新兴起的，事实上，它已经有很长的 历史了。实践证明，现在的生物技术体系 是经历了四个主要的发展阶段后形成的。
baking 烘焙 brewing 酿造
Activities such as baking, brewing and wine making are known to date back several millennia; the ancient Sumarians and Babylonians were drinking beer by 6000 B. C. , the Egyptians were baking leavened bread by 4000 B.C. while wine was known in the Near East by the time of the book of Genesis.
生物技术所采用的众多技术通常比传统工 业更经济、更低能耗、更安全，而且大多 数生产过程中的残留物都能够通过生物降 解而且无毒。
In the long term biotechnology offers a means of solving some major world problems, in particular those related to medicine, food production, pollution control and the development of new energy sources.
然而，我们必须意识到，许多重要的新的 生物产品仍将以化学方法，按照现有的生 物分子模型进行合成，例如以干扰素为基 础的新药。
interface 【’intəfeiit 】理解，解释，说明
Thus the interface between bioscience and chemistry and its relationship to biotechnology must be broadly interpreted.