支撑及支撑掩护式液压支架总体设计及主要部件设计完整版

支撑及支撑掩护式液压支架总体设计及主要部件设计完整版

摘要

在采煤工作面煤炭生产过程中，为了防止顶板冒落，维持一定的工作空间，保证工人安全和各项工作的正常运行，必须对顶板进行支护。而液压支架是以高压液体用为动力，由液压元件与金属构件组成支护控制顶板的设备，它能实现支撑、切顶、移架和推移输送机等一整套工序，实践表明液压支架具有支护性能好、强度高、移架速度快，安全可靠等优点。液压支架与可弯曲输送机和采煤炭机组成综合机械化采煤设备，它的应用对增加采煤工作面产量、提高劳动生产率，降低成本，减轻工人体力劳动和保证安全生产是不可缺少的有效措施。因此液压支架是技术上先进，经济上合理，安全上可靠、是实现采煤综合机械自动化不可缺少的主要设备。

我所做的设计是液压支架总体设计和主要部件设计，本设计首先对液压支架整体和零部件结构进行分析，对液压支架结构尺寸进行综合分析，再对液压支架进行受力分析和强度计算。重点是对液压支架顶梁的受力分析和计算；用计算机计算液压支架受力；对顶梁、掩护梁、立柱进行强度校核。通过设计对液压支架整体和主要部件有了清楚的认识，掌握了用CAD绘图的技巧。

关键词：液压支架；支护性能；采煤设备

Abstract

In the coal face Coal production in the coal face，In order to prevent the roof falling maintain a certain room to work，ensure the workers safety，and the normal operation of all the work, must be carried out on the roof support. But the stent is a high-pressure hydraulic fluid used as a driving force, the supporting the roof control equipment is composed of hydraulic components and metal structures, it can realize the support, cutting the top, and shift-over conveyor, and so on a set of processes, practice shows that the hydraulic support a good supporting performance, high-intensity, fast-shifting, the advantages of safe and reliable. Hydraulic support and flexible conveyor and coal-mining mechanization of integrated coal mining equipment its application by the coal face-production, raising labor productivity, lower costs, reduce manual workers and guarantee safe production is indispensable for effective measures. Therefore hydraulic support is technically advanced and economically rational, security, reliability, is to achieve comprehensive mining machinery automation indispensable for major equipment.

The topic of this design is The Overall Design for the Support and Support Cover Hydraulic Support And the Design for the Major Parts.In the design,first of all，I analysised overall of hydraulic support , structure and structure size of the parts.Then I analysised stress and calculated intensity. The most important was that I analysised and Calculated the force of Top beam; Calculated the foece of hydraulic support by Computer program; checked the intensity of top beam, beam cover and column. There was a clear understanding of the overall Hydraulic Support and the major parts through the design. Mastered the techniques of the use of AutoCAD.

Keywords : Hydraulic Support ; Supporting performance ;Mining equipment

第一章绪论

1.1液压支架的发展概况

1.1.1液压支架使用现状

液压支架的设计、制造和使用，从1854年英国研制成功了液压支架发展到现在基本成熟，它已经形成了能适应各种不同煤矿地质条件的各类液压支架，发展到一个完整的液压支架体系。从液压支架的设计来看，由过去的手工设计发展到全部计算机程序设计。总之，随着时代的发展和进步，液压支架设汁、制造和使用，将越来越完善、安全、可靠。

新型液压支架普遍具有微型电机或电磁铁驱动的电液控制阀，推移千斤顶装有位移传感器，采煤机装有红外线传感装置，立柱缸径超过400mm。为减少割煤时间，—般采用0.8-1m的截深。支架还采用屈服强度800-1000MPa的钢板，既有较高的强度、硬度和韧性，又具有良好的冷焊性能。随着长壁工作面长度的不断增加，为适应快速移架的需要，国外还广泛采用高压大流量乳化液泵站，其额定压力为40-50MPa，额定流量400-500L/min，可实现工作面成组或成排快速移架，移架速度达到6-8s／架。

1.1.2液压支架的发展趋势

下面作简单介绍。

1)前连杆的油缸的液压支架

新产品在不断的改进和研制中，在掩护式和支撑掩护式液压支架中的四连杆机构，克服了顶板作用在支架上的水平力，但当水平力过大时，不能让压，为了安全起见，掩护梁和前、后连杆的强度计算中安全系数比其他构件增加20％。为了解决此间题。日前国外正在设计一种前连杆带油缸的液压支架，油缸为双作用单伸缩，上下腔都带安全阀，当顶板水平力大于额定值时，油缸让压，液压支架达到新的平衡，从而在设计时可降低安全系数，减轻了液压支架的重量。

2)沿顶板移架的液压支架

为适应破碎顶板下使用液压支架的需要，设计了一种不在底板上移架的液压支架，