高考定语从句八个考点

高考定语从句八个考点

定语从句是英语学习的一个重要语法项目,也是历年高考在具体的语境中考查考生灵活运用知识能力的一个重点。为了帮助同学们更好地掌握这一语法项目,本文结合近几年的高考试题,分析、探究定语性从句的考查,对其考查归纳为以下八个考点。

一、考查非限制性定语从句中的which

在非限制性定语从句中,which既起连接的作用,又在从句中充当一定的句子成分(主语、宾语或表语);放在主句之后,指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容。

【经典题赏析】

1. My friend showed me round the town, _______was very kind of him.(09全

国卷II)

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. it

解析:本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词的用法,选项中只有which可指代前面一个句子,并引导从句;it虽然可代替前面句子,但不能起连接的作用,故答案为A。

2. The Science Museum, _______we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is

one of London’s tourist attractions. (08江苏)

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. where

解析:引导非限制性定语从句时,which在从句中可以作宾语,指代主句的主语“The Science Museum”,而where只能作状语。故答案为A。

3. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly ru n, is now a

successful business. (07浙江)

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. where

解析:该题逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以选项范围

应是关系代词,排除掉关系副词where;而that不可以引导非限制性定语从句, 只有which可指代前面的China’s restaurant。故答案为B。

【小结】非限制性定语从句中,判断选which还是where, when,关键在于分析定语从句的主干结构是否完整,如果该从句的先行词是物,从句中缺少主

语、宾语或表语,通常要用which;如果从句中缺少状语,则用when或where。

事实上,非限制性定语从句可理解成是某一并列句的转换。如:例1可理解为:My friend showed me round the town, and it was very kind of him.

二、考查关系副词,尤其是where的考查

关系副词where, when在定语从句中既起连接作用,同时又在从句中充当状语,分别表地点、时间。选用关系副词的关键是要求正确分析从句主干结构,选词必须符合句子的逻辑意义。

【经典题赏析】

1. It’s helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves

differently. (09福建)

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. where

解析:由于从句的主谓宾结构完整,只能选用状语,由先行词a situation可知,应选用作地点状语的where 引导定语从句。故答案为D。

2. They will fly to Washington, _______ they plan to stay for two or three days.

(08重庆)

A. where

B. there

C. which

D. when

解析:首先排除地点副词there; there不能引导从句,如果用there,后半句要改为and they plan to stay there for two or three days。由先行词“Washington”可知从句的关系词表地点,并且stay缺少状语,所以应该用where连接主从句。故答案为A。

3. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases_______ beginners of English fail to

use the language properly. (07陕西)

A. which

B. as

C. why

D. where

解析:此定语从句主谓结构完整, 缺少状语;考虑到先行词cases,选用关系词where,相当于in which(= in the cases)。故答案为D。

【小结】从以上高考试题可以看出对于where引导的定语从句,先行词既可是明确的地点,也可是“模糊化的地点”。如表示某人/ 物的situation,或某事所发展的stage都可用where这个关系副词。

三、考查关系代词whose

whose在定语从句中充当名词的定语,构成“whose + 名词”的形式;既可以表示某人的,又可以表示某物的。其最显著的特点是空格后的名词缺少限定词。

【经典题赏析】

1. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any

e-mails.(09天津)

A. who

B. whom

C. whose

D. whoever

解析:who和whom只可做定语从句的主语或宾语；whoever引导名词性从句；而A person作定语从句的先行词，从句中作主语的e-mail account 缺少限定词，whose可充当名词的定语。故答案为C。

2. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house_______roof is under repair. (06福

建)

A. whose

B. which

C. of which

D. what

解析:定语从句中作主语的roof缺少限定词,即定语,选择whose充当定语。

而of which在这里无法与the roof搭配。故答案为A。

【小结】在定语从句中,对于事物的所属关系,可以使用以下三种形式:whose + 名词,the + 名词+ of which 或of which the + 名词。

四、考查介词+ which或whom

介词后接关系代词,在从句中可以作定语或状语;如果先行词是人,关系代词用whom;如果先行词是物,关系代词用which。对于介词的选用则要综合考虑。

【经典题赏析】

1. Gun control is a subject _______Americans have argued for a long time. (09

陕西)

A. of which

B. with which

C. about which

D. into which

解析:该题从句谓语argued与介词about搭配表达“争论某事”,故答案为C。

2. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount

Qomolangma, _______ appeared a rare rainbow soon.(08福建)

A. of which

B. on which

C. from which

D. above which