配气机构的多体系统动力学分析英文

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燃气机与大机组DCS英语单词

燃气机与大机组DCS英语单词

燃气机与大机组DCS英语单词燃气轮机与大机组DCS (分散控制系统)英语单词Gas turbine C & DCS VOCABULARY 目录:Gas turbine 燃气机⑴ General 总体⑵ Compressor 压气机⑶Combustor 燃烧室Combined cycle ( STAG) 联合循环DCS画面常用缩写词语Gas turbine 燃气轮机⑴General 总体aeroderivative (gas)turbine 航改型燃气轮机air flow 空气流量availability可用率base 基架,基础cold end (generator) drive(发电机)冷端驱动combined cycle联合循环cranking speed冷吹转速F class (series, flame)F系列(级)fired hourr燃烧小时flange-to-flange法兰到法兰(燃气轮机本体)flow separation脱流fuel consumption燃料耗量gas generator燃气发生器(压气机+驱动用透平)gas turbine (combustion turbine)燃气轮机heat rate热耗heavy duty gas turbine重型燃气轮机industrial gas turbine工业燃气轮机inspection interval检查间隔期marine gas turbine船用燃气轮机performance性能performance degradation性能退化power (free) turbine动力(自由)透平recuperative gas turbine回热式燃气轮机regenerative cycle回热循环reliability可靠性sequential combustion二次燃烧(再热式)simple cycle简单循环skid单元(thermal) efficiency(热)效率⑵Compressor 压气机abraidable coating可磨涂层(气封)air bleed 抽气,放气air extraction port放(抽)气口air inlet 空气进口air inlet plenum (assembly)空气进口集流腔室(组件)air seal 气封anti freezing (icing)防结冰anti-surge 防喘振axial-flow compressor轴流式压气机(压缩机)bar type spline seal“汇流排“式槽接密封件bearing casing轴承壳体bearing housing轴承座bellmouth (inner,outer)承口(内,外)bleed valve放气阀brush seal 刷子气封chilling system急冷系统cloth seal布条式气封compressor casing压气机气缸(中缸)compressor diffuser压气机扩压段(扩压器)compressor discharge casing压缩机排气缸compressor inlet casing压缩机进口缸(承力缸)compressor rotor压气机转子discharge air排气evaporative cooler 蒸发式冷却器exit guide vane(s)出口导叶extraction port 抽气口fog system 雾化(冷却)系统forward stub shaft前端轴inlet filter (house)进口过滤器(室)inner barrel (cylinder)内缸interlocking spline seal互联槽接密封件labyrinth seal拉别林气封,曲径式气封,迷宫式气封mating rabbet配合止口(嵌接)(off-line) water flush(脱机)水洗pulsation protection (control)喘振保护(控制)pumpkin-tooth style seal 瓜齿式气封radial strut径向支杆rotor blading动叶silencer消音器slot broached拉削开槽(装动叶用)spacer(叶片)锁片speed ring测速计齿环stage 级stator blading静叶surge margin喘振裕度tie bolt 拉紧螺杆variable-angle stator vane可转导叶variable IGV (inlet guide vane)可转进口导叶(进口导叶)W-seal 金属丝密封件wheel叶轮wrapper气缸外壁(固定燃烧室部位)⑶ Combustor 燃烧室annular combustion chamber 环形燃烧室annular can (cannular) combustion chamber 环管式燃烧室can combustor单筒燃烧室canned arrangement (combustor)外露式燃烧室canted arrangement (combustor)倾斜式燃烧室cap (cover) assembly (end cover)头部组件(端板,喷嘴安装座) catalytic combustion 催化燃烧centerbody中心体combustion chamber (combustor)燃烧室(combustion)liner 火焰筒combustion system燃烧系统combustion zone燃烧区convection cooling对流冷却crossfire tube collar火焰筒凸台diffusion combustion 扩散燃烧diffusion (premixed) gas扩散(预混)气体燃料diluent 稀释剂dilution zone稀释区dry low NOx (DLN) combustor干(式)低污染(NOx)燃烧室(dual fuel) burner(双燃料)燃烧器dual mode combustor双运行模式燃烧室effusion cooling扩散冷却emission control排放控制film cooling气膜冷却flame detector火焰监测器flame-out熄火flame stabilizer火焰稳定器floating seal(过渡段)浮动式气封flow sleeve导流套筒fuel nozzle燃料喷嘴ignition点火impingement cooling冲击冷却impingement sleeve冲击冷却套筒interconnector (cross firer, crossflame tube)联焰管liner cap 火焰筒头部louver cooling (louvered liner)鱼鳞孔冷却(火焰筒)multiple-combustion system 多燃烧室系统parallel arrangement (combustor)平行式燃烧室pilot fuel值班燃料pilot nozzle值班喷嘴premixing combustion预混燃烧primary zone一次燃烧区oil operation燃油运行outer combustion chamber燃烧室外壳reverse-flow type逆流式(燃烧系统)ridge (冷却)翅片secondary zone二次燃烧区slot-cooled liner缝隙冷却式火焰筒spark plug (igniter) 点火器spring seal弹性密封片(火焰筒)transition piece过渡段turbulator涡流式进气孔(火焰筒)white noise 人造噪音water (steam) injection 注水(汽)Turbine透平air cooled blade 空冷叶片airfoil (叶片的)叶型部分bucket动叶bucket dovetail叶根center rib (bucket)(叶片)中部龙骨coating 涂层cooling system 冷却系统core plug (叶片)内部冷却通道,内部芯杆cutter tooth (围带)刀齿chordal hinge (sealing)弦向铰链式气封diaphragm (inner)内围带disk 叶轮directionally solidified bucket 定向凝固动叶exhaust diffuser 排气扩压段exhaust frame排气缸,承力缸high (low) energy-per-stage高(低)能量头级honeycomb seal 蜂窝式气封hot gas path(parts)高温燃气通道(零件)interlocking shrouds互联围带(动叶)long-shank bucket 长柄动叶nozzle 喷嘴nozzle segment喷嘴弧段partition (静叶)叶片perimeter cooling 外围冷却rabbet 止口retaining ring (静叶)持环rotor distance piece透平前端轴(rotor)spacer中间盘(透平)scalloped tip shroud 贝壳形围带serpentine cooling hole 折流式冷却孔shroud (动叶)围带,(静叶)护环sidewall (叶片)端壁single-crystal bucket单晶叶片stack 叠装,安装stage级steam cooled blade 蒸汽冷却叶片thermal barrier coating (TBC)隔热涂层through bolt 贯穿螺栓trailing edge 出气边turbine casing透平前气缸turbine stator透平静子turbulated cooling紊流冷却two vane nozzle 双联静叶喷嘴wheel shaft (forward, aft) 端轴(前,后)wheelspace (叶轮)环状空间wheel spacer 中间盘Combined cycle ( STAG) 联合循环IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle)整体煤气化联合循环GTCC ( gas turbine combined cycle)燃气轮机联合循环power train轴系single ( two) shaft configuration单轴配置1 on 1 system (1 x 1)(1台燃机和1台汽机)配置方式triple pressure HRSG (heat recovery steam generator) 三压余热锅炉cold-end drive冷端驱动(heat recovery cycle with) supplementary firing带补燃的预热利用系统fully-fired cycle全燃循环duct burner补燃燃烧器Actual真实的hot热的Air空气hotwell热井Allam报警hydrogen氢气Angle角度ignition点火Assistant辅助Inadequent不足,不稳定Atomize汽化Indication指示Auto自动Industry water工业水Auxiliary辅助的Inservice服务中Available可用的In progress程序进行中Back后面,背后Intermittent定期的,间断的Back-pass后烟道Interrupt中断Back-up后备Ion exchanger离子交换器Base基本Iron铁Bearing轴承Latch挂闸,复位Blowdown排污Lead铅Boiler锅炉Leak泄漏Booster pump前置泵Level水平,程度Box箱或者罐子Limit限制Breaker断路器Living water生活水Bypass旁路Load负载或负荷Cage罩,盒,壳体Log(数据)记录Casing汽缸Low低的Chamber室,小屋Lubericationg润滑Check valve逆止阀Main主要的Checklist(核对用)清单Chemical化学的Management管理Circle循环,周期Master主要的Close关闭,封闭Megawatt兆瓦(功率单位)Close circulation闭式循环Metal金属Coal煤Mill磨煤机Code密码或者编码Mode状态Coil线圈Motor电动机Cold冷的Normal正常Command命令Nozzle喷嘴Complete完全的,完成Oil油Condensate凝结水Open开启Condition条件Open circle water开式循环Constant pressurem mode定压模式Operate操作Continuous连续的Outlet出口侧Control控制Inlet进口侧Control air仪用空气Overfire过燃Cooling 冷却Overview总图,概况Condensate water pump凝结水泵Overspeed超速Coner角Panel屏,盘,面板Permit许可,允许Cycle循环,周期Phrase状态Damper挡板Plant电厂Deaerator除氧器Platen屏Delivery输送Position位置Deminreallizer除盐装置Power功率,动力Desalter除盐器Precipitator除尘器Difference不同的,有差别的Press压力Detect检测Pressure压力Discharge排放Presynchronization准同期Display显示Primary初始的,一次风Drain疏水Proven已经被确认Drum汽包Pulse脉冲Economizer省煤器Pulverizer磨煤机Electrical电的,电力的Pump泵Eleation层Purge吹扫Emergency紧急情况Purity纯度Enter进入,开始执行Push-botton按钮Exchanger交换器Rate速率Exciter励磁机Execute执行Rear后部Exhaust排汽(气)Relation关系Expansion膨胀Remote远方,遥控Extraction抽取Reservoir存储容器Failure失败Returm返回Fan风机Ring环形的Fault故障Roll转动Feedback反馈Run运行Feeder给煤机Satisfactory满足Feedwater给水Scanner扫描器Feed water pump给水泵Seal密封Filter滤网,过滤器Second第二,秒Flame火焰Sequential顺序的Final最后Set设置Flap振动,拍打Setpoint设定值Flow流动,流量Shallow浅层Flue燃料Shut valve截止阀,关断阀Front前面的Simulate仿镇Fule master主燃料Single单一的。

发动机配气机构运动学及动力学分析

发动机配气机构运动学及动力学分析

重庆大学本科学生毕业设计(论文)发动机配气机构运动学及动力学分析学生:黎明学号:********指导教师:阮登芳(教授)专业:车辆工程重庆大学车辆工程学院二零一七年五月Graduation Design(Thesis) of Chongqing UniversityKinematics and dynamics analysis forengine valve trainUndergraduate: Li MingSupervisor: Prof. Ruan DengfangMajor: Vehicle EngineeringCollege of Vehicle EngineeringChongqing UniversityMay 2017摘要配气机构是发动机的重要组成部分,其设计的合理与否直接影响到发动机的充气效率以及换气质量,因此对发动机的动力性、燃油经济性、可靠性、有害物质排放、发动机噪声和振动有较大的影响[1]。

而顶置凸轮轴式配气机构由于能适应更高的转速而在许多小型汽油机中广泛使用。

但是顶置凸轮轴由于摇臂传动比是变值,所以其几何关系要复杂很多[2]。

本文在已知凸轮对摇臂的运动规律的条件下,针对某125发动机的配气机构,经理论分析运动学规律,并用matlab计算出其气门对转角的理论升程、速度、加速度。

在考虑气门间隙及传动机构变形的影响下,建立配气机构运动的单自由度模型,得出运动二阶微分方程。

利用matlab采用龙格——库塔法计算出气门的实际运动规律,对比气门实际升程和理论升程,对该发动机配气机构的“飞脱”、“反跳”以及运转的平稳性进行动力学特性评价。

从而完成了整个配气机构的运动学及动力学计算。

关键词:运动学,动力学,配气机构,matlab,龙格库塔法ABSTRACTValve train is an important part of the engine, which has directly affect to the engine's volumetric efficiency and the quality of ventilation, so there is also a greater influence to the engine power, fuel economy, reliability, emissions of harmful substances, engine noise and vibration. Because the overhead camshaft valve train can adapt to the higher speed, it is widely used in many small gasoline engine. But for the overhead camshaft, the drive ratio of the rocker is changed by the time, so it has a more complex geometry realationship. With knowing the law of motion of cam on the rocker's condition, in the article, the displacement of the valve is calculated. In considering the valve clearance and the drive mechanism under the influence of deformation, the actual valve movement rule is calculated by using the Runge - Kutta method, and the running speed is calculated with the conditions that the transmission chain is flying off and rebound which are not in the normal conditions. Then the kinematics and dynamics calculations of the valve train are completed. And on this basis, with joining the modal analysis of the valve, the theoretical basis for the valve train design are provided.A valve train of a 125 motorcycle engine is chosen for the object of study in this subject.Key words:Valve train, Kinematics, Dynamics,Matlab目录摘要 (I)ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... I I一、绪论 (1)1.1课题研究意义 (1)1.2课题国内外研究状况 (2)1.2.1国外研究现状 (2)1.2.2国内研究现状 (3)1.3课题研究背景 (3)1.4课题研究内容 (4)二、气门机构的主要设计要求 (6)三、运动学分析 (8)3.1凸轮廓线预处理 (8)3.2气门理论运动规律与凸轮轮廓的关系 (9)3.3运动学理论分析后的计算结果 (11)四、动力学分析 (13)4.1动力学理论分析 (13)4.2摇臂比i (15)4.3摇臂刚度计算 (16)4.4解动力学微分方程 (17)4.5动力学分析结果 (19)五、动力学特性评价 (24)5.1“飞脱”和“反跳” (24)5.2各参数对配气系统的影响 (24)六、结论 (26)七、展望 (27)致谢 (28)附录A:matlab运动学分析程序 (29)附录B:动力学分析计算基本程序 (30)参考文献 (31)一、绪论本课题以某125型摩托车发动机的顶置凸轮式配气机构为研究对象,分别对其进行了运动学分析、刚度计算、以及动力学分析,并由所得到的数据对该机构进行动力学评估,为该发动机配气机构的合理设计奠定基础。

基于ADAMS的发动机配气机构动力学分析

基于ADAMS的发动机配气机构动力学分析

《装备制造技术》2010年第9期配气机构作为内燃机三大机构之一,其主要功能是实现发动机的换气过程,根据气缸的工作次序,定时地开启和关闭进排气门,以保证气缸吸入新鲜空气和排出燃烧废气。

现今对于发动机配气机构的设计,一方面希望气门加速度越大,以使气门迅速开关,从而达到最好的换气效果,以提高动力性和经济性;另一方面,希望载荷保持相对较小,以减小加速度,从而减小振动和噪音,并延长使用寿命。

这样的矛盾要求,给配气机构的设计带来困难,因此需要精心设计进排气门的升程曲线,以达到最优设计。

内燃机配气机构的传统开发方法,往往是多方案的比较和试凑过程,在无物理样机的初始开发阶段,不但难以满足这样复杂的设计要求,而且反复进行实物试验,会延长研发周期和增加开发成本,同时对进行频繁的试验,也是不现实的。

而通常配气机构的运动学、动力学计算,仅是把机构当作一个弹性振动系统,模型可以是单质量模型或多质量模型,虽然大体上能满足描述气门运动规律的要求,但是这种方法可视化较差,无法直观地反映出各构件的运动情况,并且某些机构的刚度和阻尼参数,必须通过实测或分析计算才能得到,质量也需要经过折算,这不仅增加了建模的难度,而且也影响分析的精度,其应用范围受到限制。

为此,人们相继把多体动力学和虚拟样机技术,应用到配气机构的动力学分析中。

本文就是在这样的背景下,以多体动力学为理论基础,采用虚拟样机技术,应用ADAMS软件,进行了发动机配气机构的建模与仿真,从而得到整个系统协调下的运动规律和动力学特性。

利用该种方法建立的配气机构多体动力学模型,不但能很好地描述配气机构动力学特性,而且具有极佳的可视化效果,为提高今后产品自主开发能力起到积极的作用。

1配气机构多体动力学方程以多体动力学理论中的拉格朗日方程为理论基础,建立配气系统的动力学方程。

对于机构中的刚体i ,采用质心在惯性参考系中的笛卡儿坐标和反映刚体方位的欧拉角或广义欧拉角作为广义坐标,即q i =[x ,y ,z ,准,θ,φ]Ti ,q =[q 1T,q 2T,q n T ]T(1)接着建立这个系统的约束方程和作用力方程,并将它们也都写成广义坐标的表达式,最后应用拉格朗日乘子法,建立系统的运动微分方程,如下所示。

最新ansys单词读音及英汉对照大全

最新ansys单词读音及英汉对照大全

1、ANSYS12.1 Workbench ['wɜrk.bentʃ]界面相关分析系统和组件说明【Analysis Systems】分析系统【Component Systems】组件系统【Custom Systems】自定义系统【Design Exploration】设计优化分析类型说明Electric (ANSYS) ANSYS电场分析Explicit Dynamics (ANSYS) ANSYS显式动力学分析Fluid Flow (CFX) CFX流体分析Fluid Flow (Fluent) FLUENT 精品文档流体分析Harmonic Response (ANSYS) ANSYS 谐响应分析Linear Buckling (ANSYS) ANSYS线性屈曲Magnetostatic (ANSYS) ANSYS静磁场分析Modal (ANSYS) ANSYS模态分析Random Vibration (ANSYS) ANSYS随机振动分析Response Spectrum (ANSYS) ANSYS响应谱分析Shape Optimization (ANSYS) ANSYS形精品文档状优化分析Static Structural (ANSYS) ANSYS结构静力分析Steady-State Thermal (ANSYS) ANSYS稳态热分析Thermal-Electric (ANSYS) ANSYS热电耦合分析Transient Structural(ANSYS) ANSYS结构瞬态分析Transient Structural(MBD) MBD 多体结构动力分析Transient Thermal(ANSYS) ANSYS瞬态热分析精品文档组件类型说明AUTODYN AUTODYN 非线性显式动力分析BladeGen 涡轮机械叶片设计工具CFX CFX高端流体分析工具Engineering Data 工程数据工具Explicit Dynamic(LS-DYNA)LS-DYNA 显式动力分析Finite Element Modeler FEM有限元模型工具FLUNET FLUNET 精品文档流体分析Geometry 几何建模工具Mechanical APDL 机械APDL 命令Mechanical Model 机械分析模型Mesh 网格划分工具Results 结果后处理工具TurboGrid 涡轮叶栅通道网格生成工具Vista TF 叶片二维精品文档性能评估工具2、主菜单【File】文件操作【View】窗口显示【Tools】提供工具【Units】单位制【Help】帮助信息3、基本工具条【New】新建文件【Open】打开文件【Save】保存文件【Save As】另存为文件【Import】导入模型【Compact Mode】紧凑视图模式精品文档【Shade Exterior and Edges】轮廓线显示【Wireframe】线框显示【Ruler】显示标尺【Legend】显示图例【Triad】显示坐标图示【Expand All】展开结构树【Collapse Environments】折叠结构树【Collapse Models】折叠结构树中的Models项【Named Selections】命名工具条【Unit Conversion】单位转换工具【Messages:Messages】信息窗口【Simulation Wizard】向导【Graphics Annotations】注释【Section Planes】截面信息窗口精品文档【Reset Layout】重新安排界面4、建模【Geometry】几何模型【New Geometry】新建几何模型【Details View】详细信息窗口【Graphics】图形窗口:显示当前模型状态【Extrude】拉伸【Revolve】旋转【Sweep】扫掠【Skin/Loft】蒙皮【Thin/Surface】抽壳【Thin】创建薄壁实体【Surface】创建简化壳【Face to Remove】删除面:所选面将从体中删除。

GT-SUITE-mp简介

GT-SUITE-mp简介

机舱热管理
整车热回收
EGR Cooler Condenser (Engine Coolant)
Recuperator Receiver Pump
Expander
液压及燃油喷射系统模拟
z z z z z z
液压装置的配气机构 (可以选择与详细的发动机模型进行耦合) 喷射系统 行走液压系统 转向系统 制动系统 其它的液压系统
MBD
通用的MBD模型库
z z z z
1D / 1DR / 2D / 3D multi-body dynamics (MBD) 弹性部件 (2D/3D Rod, Beam, Superelement etc.) 刚度/阻尼,接触+磨擦, 和铰接单元 2D/3D接触中的运动和磨擦分析
2-D
Inertia2D Rod2D Beam2D Cable2D Solid2D
GT-SUITE - Just one!
原始CAD模型的导入
热态模拟
z
GT-SUITE 总是进行能量方程的求解
¾ ¾
完全的热求解, 从不进行 “等温”求解 求解快速, 没有理由进行等温求解
¾ ¾
当发现热的求解很重要时,不用进行模型的重新建立 不用付额外的费用 (客户将在最基本的价格的条件下获得最先进的模型)

Option: contact as a tangency constraint (no separation; useful in some analyses)
机械式VVA 系统 如: 摆式凸轮机构
算例: 摆动凸轮式的VVA装置
在MBD库中通过简化和超级单元来利用3D固体 FEA模型
Example: Valvetrain finger FE model 3-D Solid Model in ANSYS (60,000+ nodes)

多体动力学讲稿(car)version4

多体动力学讲稿(car)version4

多体动力学(Adams/Car2007)摘要Adams/Car中多体系统的位置、姿态、运动及受力分析。

目录1 矢量 (3)1.1 矢量的定义和符号 (3)1.2 矢量的基本运算 (3)1.3 单位矢量的定义和符号 (4)1.4 零矢量的定义和符号 (4)1.5 平移规定 (4)2 坐标系 (6)2.1 坐标系的定义 (6)2.2 坐标系的分类 (6)2.3 I marker和J marker (6)3 矢量的坐标阵和坐标方阵 (7)4 方向余弦矩阵 (8)5 欧拉角 (11)6 描述车身姿态的3-2-1转角 (15)7 几个位置和姿态函数 (16)7.1 中心位置函数(LOC_CENTERED) (17)7.2 线上位置函数(LOC_ALONG_LINE) (18)7.3 轴上位置函数(LOC_ON_AXIS) (18)7.4 相对位置函数(LOC_RELATIVE_TO) (19)7.5 相对姿态函数(ORI_RELATIVE_TO) (20)7.6 平面姿态函数(ORI_IN_PLANE) (20)7.7 轴在线姿态函数(ORI_ALONG_AXIS) (21)7.8 轴定位姿态函数(ORI_ALIGN_AXIS) (22)8 力(Forces) (24)8.1 弹簧力(Springs) (24)8.2 阻尼力(Dampers) (25)8.3 轮胎力(Tires) (25)8.4 限位块(Bumpstops & Reboundstops) (25)8.5 橡胶衬套(Bushings) (27)9 约束(Joints) (30)9.1 滑移铰(Translational) (31)9.2 旋转铰(Revolute) (33)9.3 圆柱铰(Cylindrical) (35)9.4 球铰(Spherical) (36)9.5 平面铰(Planar) (38)9.6 固定铰(Fixed) (38)9.7 点在线约束(Inline) (39)9.8 点在面约束(Inplane) (39)9.9 姿态约束(Orientation) (40)9.10 平行约束(Parallel_axes) (40)9.11 垂直约束(Perpendicular) (40)9.12 虎克铰(Hooke) (42)9.13 万向节(Universal) (45)9.14 等速万向节(Convel) (47)9.15 关联约束(Coupler) (49)10 悬架试验台(MDI_SUSPENSION_TESTRIG) (50)11 悬架仿真试验多体系统(mdi_front_vehicle) (50)12 悬架仿真试验(Suspension Analysis) (51)12.1 平行轮跳试验(Parallel Wheel Travel Analysis) (51)12.2 反向轮跳试验(Opposite Wheel Travel Analysis) (52)12.3 单轮跳试验(Single Wheel Travel Analysis) (52)12.4 侧倾试验(Roll & Vertical Force Analysis) (53)12.5 转向试验(Steering Analysis) (53)12.6 静载试验(Static Load Analysis) (54)12.7 车轮轮廓试验(Wheel Envelope Analysis) (54)13 悬架仿真试验多体系统的静力学方程 (55)14 柔度矩阵(Compliance Matrix) (56)15 悬架仿真试验输出的特性参数(Output of Suspension Analysis) (58)参考文献 (62)附录一参数及变量定义表 (62)1 矢量我们所处理的物理量绝大部分是矢量,所以矢量的运算是本课程的基础内容。

能动专业英语词汇

能动专业英语词汇

能源与动力工程专业英语词汇专业名称•动力工程及工程热物理:Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理:Thermal Physics of Engineering•动力工程:Power Engineering; Dynamic Engineering•热能工程:Thermal Engineering (Thermal Energy Engineering)•制冷与低温工程:Refrigeration and Cryogenic[ˌkraɪəˈdʒɛnɪk]Engineering •流体机械及工程:Fluid Mechanics and Engineering•热能动力工程:Thermal Energy and Dynamic Engineering•能源与动力工程学院:School of Energy and Power Engineering热力学thermodynamics1.adiabatic process[ˌædiəˈbætɪk]绝热过程2.aerodynamics[ˌeroʊdaɪˈnæmɪks]空气动力学,空气动力学专家,n,adj空气动力学的3.buoyancy[ˈbɔɪənsi,ˈbujən-]浮升力pressibility压缩性5.gasdynamics气体动力学6.hydraulics[haɪˈdrɔlɪks]水力学7.hydrodynamics流体水力学8.hydrostatics[ˌhaɪdrə'stætɪks]流体静力学9.open system开口系统10.reversible process[rɪˈvɚsəbəl]可逆过程11.thermod ynamics equilibrium[ˌikwəˈlɪbriəm]热力平衡12.viscous[ˈvɪskəs]粘性的13.inviscid[ɪn'vɪsɪd]无粘性的14.thermodynamics、thermodynamic property热力学、热力性质15.entropy[ˈɛntrəpi]熵16.enthalpy[en'θælpɪ]焓17.internal energy内能18.potential energy势能19.kinetic energy动能20.work功21.mechanical/shaft work机械功/轴功22.flow work流动功23.specific volume比容24.cycle循环25.Saturated temperature/pressure/liquid/ vapor[ˈsætʃəreɪtɪd]饱和温度/压力/液体/蒸汽26.subcooled liquid过冷液体27.quality(蒸汽)干度28.dry saturated vapor干饱和蒸汽29.superheated vapor过热蒸汽30.the first/second law of thermodynamics热力学第一/二定律31.the law of the conservation of energy能量守恒定律32.reversible/irreversible process可逆/不可逆过程33.pressure drop压降34.heat exchanger热交换器35.entropy production熵产[ˈɛntrəpi]36.coefficient of performance性能系数37.refrigerating capacity/effect制冷量38.Carnot cycle卡诺循环/nit/39.refrigerating efficiency制冷效率40.equation of state状态方程41.ideal gas constant理想气体常数42.isotherm等温线43.triple point三相点44.hydrocarbons碳氢化合物/烃45.cryogenic低温学[ˌkraɪəˈdʒenɪk]46.least-square fitting最小二乘法47.specific heat/specific heat capacity比热/比热容48.azeotropic mixture共沸混合物[əˌzi:ə'trɒpɪk]49.zeotropic mixture非共沸混合物50.dew point(temperature)露点(温度)[dju: pɔint][du pɔɪnt]51.isentropic compression/process等熵压缩/过程[aɪsen'trɒpɪk]52.condenser冷凝器53.evaporator蒸发器54.expansion valve膨胀阀55.throttling valve节流阀pressor压缩机pressor displacement压缩机排气量58.volumetric efficiency容积效率59.single-stage/two-stage/double-stage/compound compression单/双级压缩60.intercool/intercooler中间冷却(器)61.intermediate pressure中间压力62.pressure ratio压力比63.insulating material保温材料流体力学1.流体力学fluid mechanics2.动力粘度absolute/dynamic viscosity3.速度梯度velocity gradient英[ˈgreɪdiənt]美[ˈɡrediənt]4.运动粘度kinematic viscosity英[ˌkɪnɪ'mætɪk]美[ˌkɪnə'mætɪk]英[vɪ'skɒsətɪ]美[vɪˈskɑsɪti] 5.伯努力方程Bernoulli Equation英[bə:ˈnu:li iˈkweiʃən]6.体积流量volumetric flow rate7.质量流量mass flow rate8.层流laminar flow9.紊流turbulence/turbulent flow10.雷诺数Reynolds number11.摩擦力friction/frictional force12.摩擦系数coefficient of friction13.微分方程differential equation14.阻力drag force或resistance15.阻力系数drag coefficient传热学1.热传递heat transfer2.热传导thermal conduction3.热对流thermal convection4.热辐射thermal radiation5.层流底层laminar sublayer6.过渡层buffer layer,缓冲区或人,buffer dinner 自助餐buffet英[ˈbʌfit]7.强迫对流forced convection8.自然/自由对流natural/free convection9.稳态导热steady-state conduction10.导热系数thermal conductivity11.热阻thermal resistance12.(总)传热系数(overall)heat transfer coefficient13.表面积surface area14.串联series系列15.并联parallel英[ˈpærəlel]并行,Parallel computing并行计算16.接触热阻contact thermal resistance17.(对数)平均温差(logarithmic)mean temperature difference[ˌlɒɡə'rɪðmɪk]18.顺流parallel flow19.逆流counter flow20.相变phase change21.冷库cold storage热库thermal reservoir/heat bath22.边界条件boundary condition23.黑体辐射blackbody radiation24.辐射力emissive power25.维恩位移定律Wien’s displacement Law26.半球发射率hemispherical emittance[ˌhemɪˈsferɪkl]27.吸收率absorptance英[əb'sɔ:ptəns]28.透射率transmittance英[træns'mɪtns]n.播送;发射;传动;透明度;29.反射率reflectance30.漫射辐射diffuse radiation31.(充分发展的)层流/紊流fully developed laminar/turbulent flow湿空气1.湿空气学psychrometrics2.干空气dry air3.湿空气moistair4.大气压barometricpressure5.热力学温标thermodynamic temperature scale6.含湿量humidity ratio7.比焓specific enthalpy英[en'θælpɪ]8.比熵specific entropy英[ˈentrəpi]9.绝对湿度absolute humidity10.饱和含湿量saturation humidity ratio英[ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃn]英[ˈreɪʃiəʊ]11.相对湿度relative humidity12.热力学湿球温度thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature13.分压力partial pressure14.总压total pressure15.通用气体常数universal gas constant16.湿球/干球温度dry-bulb/wet-bulb temperature17.焓湿图psychrometric chart制冷空调1.集中/分散供冷central/decentralized cooling英[ˌdi:'sentrəlaɪzd]2.锅炉boiler3.往复/螺杆/离心/涡旋式压缩机/冷水机组reciprocating/helical rotary(或screw)/centrifugal/scroll compressor/water chiller unit4.吸收式制冷/冷水机组absorption refrigeration/water chiller unit5.热回收heat reclaim/recovery6.冷却塔cooling tower7.空气/水冷却冷凝器air-cooled/water-cooled condenser8.蒸发式冷凝器evaporative condenser9.净正吸入压力/压头netpositive suction pressure/head10.供/回干管main supply/return line11.二/三通阀two/three-way valve12.平衡阀balancing valve13.一次/二次冷冻水系统primary/secondary chilled water system14.备用泵spare pump15.疏水器、存水弯、水封trap16.水/冰蓄冷water/ice thermal storage17.空气/水/地源热泵air/water/ground source heat pump18.定/变风量constant/variable air volume19.经济器economizer20.静/动压static/dynamic pressure21.毛细管capillary tube英[kəˈpɪləri]22.全封闭压缩机hermetically sealed/hermetic compressor英[hɜ:ˈmetɪk]23.半封闭式压缩机semi-hermetic/semi-hermetically sealed compressor24.直接膨胀direct expansion26.离心/轴流式风机centrifugal/axial fan英[ˈæksiəl]27.立管riser英['raɪzə]28.内/外平衡式热力膨胀阀internally/externally equalized thermostatic expansion valve29.吸/排气管suction/discharge line30.电磁阀solenoid valve美['solə,nɔɪd]31.恒压阀constant pressure valve32.迎风面积/速度face area/velocity33.(一拖多)分体式空调器(multi-)split air conditioner34.水环热泵water loop heat pump35.能效比energy efficiency ratio36.变容压缩/压缩机positive displacement compression/compressor37.速度/动压式压缩/压缩机velocity/dynamic compression/compressor38.流量系数flow coefficient39.水锤water hammer40.闸阀gate valve41.球阀ball valve42.蝶阀butterfly valve43.平衡阀balancing valve44.安全阀safety/relief valve n.救济;减轻,解除;安慰;浮雕45.止回阀check/backflow prevention valve boiler锅炉1.air heater空气预热器2.auxiliary辅助的,辅机[ɔ:gˈzɪliəri]3.bare tube光管4.blast[英][blɑ:st]鼓风5.blowdown排污6.capacity[英][kəˈpæsəti]出力7.cogenerator热电联产机组pressor压缩机bustion燃烧10.condenser凝汽器11.counterflow逆流12.critical pressure临界压力13.diesel oil柴油gasoline,gaslene, gas,petro(英),汽油14.drainage疏水、排水设备,排水系统15.drum汽包16.economizer[英][i:'kɒnəmaɪzə]省煤器17.excess air[英][ɪkˈses]过量空气18.extended surface扩展受热面19.fin鳍片、肋片、散热片、翅片20.flue gas烟气21.fluid(-)bed流化床(fluidizedbed)[英]['flu:ɪdaɪzd22.furnace炉膛23.fouling污垢,击球出界(羽毛球)[英]['faʊlɪŋ]24.generator发电机25.header联箱、集箱,集管26.hopper[英][ˈhɒpə(r)]斗、料斗l磨煤机(pulverizer)[英]['pʌlvəraɪzə]28.motor汽车、马达、电动机29.platen屏、管屏[美]['plætən]30.Prandtl numbers普朗特数31.pressure loss压力损失32.regenerator回热器,蓄热器,再生器[英][rɪ'dʒenəˌreɪtə]33.Reynolds numbers雷诺数34.slag结渣美[slæɡ]35.sootblower吹灰器美[su:tb'ləʊər]36.steam line blowing蒸汽管路吹洗37.superheater过热器38.turbine汽轮机39.suction真空,负压steam turbine蒸汽轮机40.gas turbine燃气轮机41.back pressure背压42.blower送风机、吹灰器43.boundary layer边界层44.chimney英[ˈtʃɪmni]烟囱、烟道、烟筒45.cooling tower冷却水塔46.coupling连接,连接法兰,耦合47.critical speed临界转速48.cylinder圆筒、汽缸49.head汽包封头、扬程、水头50.impeller叶轮、推进器、压缩器rge turbine-generator unit大型汽轮发电机组52.non-destructive testing(NDT)无损检验53.digital-controlled machine数控机床54.fixed blade固定叶片,导向叶片55.operational speed运行转速56.outing casing外缸57.inner casing内缸58.rigid coupling刚性连轴器solid coupling59.rotor转子60.stress concentration应力集中61.two-shift operation两班制运行62.wake尾流Thermal Power Plant:热电厂1.automatic control system:自动控制系统2.boiler feed pump:锅炉给水泵feed pump:给水泵3.chamber:燃烧室/ei/4.circulating water:循环水5.check valve:止回阀,逆止阀6.non-return valve:逆止阀,止回阀7.controlling valve:控制阀,调节阀8.cooling water(CW):冷却水9.cycle efficiency:循环效率10.data processing system:数据处理系统11.de-aerator[英]['eɪəreɪtə]除氧器12.de-aerator tank:除氧水箱13.desuperheater:减温器14.desuperheater spraywater:喷水减温15.drain pump:疏水泵16.full-load:满负荷erning system:调速系统(governing:调节,调整)18.heat-transfer coefficient:换热系数19.isolating valve:隔离阀20.load rejection:甩(抛)负荷21.main steam:主汽22.motorized isolating valve:电动隔离阀23.lubricating oil:润滑油24.nuclear plant:核电厂25.orifice:[orifis]孔,口,孔板26.pipework:管路27.power station:电厂28.pressure reducing valve:减压装置29.reliability:安全性,可靠性30.relief valve:安全阀31.running speed:运行转速32.sealing:密封,封闭,焊封33.self-sealing:自密封的34.stainless steel:不锈钢35.stop valve:断流阀,截止阀36.strainer:滤盆,滤器,滤网,拉紧装置37.supercritical plant:超临界机组38.synchronizer:英]['sɪŋkrənaɪzə]同步器,同步机,同步装置39.throttle:节流阀[美]/ˈθrɑ:tl/喉咙,气管,vt.&vi.扼杀,压制;勒死,使窒息;使节流40.turbine-generator unit:汽轮发电机组41.ultra-supercritical:超超临界英][ˈʌltrə] [美]['ʌltrə]42.vacuum:真空43.vent:通道,通风口44.actuator:/aiktjueite/执行机构45.brake:闸,制动器46.damper:[美]['dæmpər]挡板,调节风门47.distributed control system(DCS)分散控制系统48.disturbance:干扰,扰动49.feedback control:反馈控制50.forced draught(FD)fan:送风机[英][fɔ:st drɑ:ft/51.furnace purge:炉膛吹扫ernor valve:调节阀53.induced draught(ID)fan:引风机54.make-up pump:补水泵55.overheating:过热,超温56.preamp:前置放大器/ˈpriæm p/57.primary air fan:一次风机58.sensor:传感器59.shutdown:停机,停炉,停运,关机,关闭;倒闭,停工,停业,停播。

多体系统动力学基本理论

多体系统动力学基本理论

i1 j1 k1
cos sin 0 A1 sin cos 0 0 0 1

i
i1 (i2 ) i3

j
i1 j1 k1
i1 i2 j j 1 A2 2 , k1 k 2
Name DADS ADAMS Formulation method Newton Euler First Lagrange Results Time history Animation Time history Animation Frequency Response Time history
NEWEUL
Newton Euler
MEDYNA
CADAMB
Newton Euler
Jourdain Principle
Time history
Time history
虚拟样机建模
运动学和动力学建模过程 (1) 输入运动学和动力学分析有关参数 (2) 运动学方程和动力学方程求解 (3) 数据输出和动画显示
2.1 机械系统的多体动力学模型
B0
拓扑结构
闭环多体系统
J2
B1 J1
B2
B3 J3 J4
B0
曲柄连杆机构
B1 B2
J1, J2, J3 为旋转铰, J4 为滑移铰
B3
B0
拓扑结构
拓扑结构构成回路
运动学分析过程
(q ) 0 qq t , q q (qq)q q 2qt q tt
i sin sin cos 3 sin cos sin j3 (cos ) k3

GT-SUITE各模块简介

GT-SUITE各模块简介
运动学模式: 输入:车速曲线或循环驾驶工况。 计算相应的发动机转速和扭矩,以 实现指定的驾驶工况。 燃油消耗率和排放可以对应于多 种形式下的结果:总和、平均、有 效指示功和指定距离等。
专家系统/报表模式: 用户提出一系列问题,比如: 在每个档位下的最大爬坡能力。 指定循环驾驶工况中车辆的燃油经济性和排放。 从静止加速到指定速度或距离所需的时间。 仿真计算自动进行。 自动设置每个问题的输入条件和输出变量。 以 HTML 格式输出结果。 用户可以将问题保存便于以后的使用
15
GT-COOL
GT-COOL 是用于发动机热管理系统设计和分析的先进软件。它是专门为发 动机和车辆制造商以及发动机热管理部件供应商设计的。可以用于稳态和瞬态的 分析,包括经简化的发动机和车辆模型。只要投入很小的工作量(车辆和发动机 模型可以在 GT-DRIVE、GT-POWER、GT-COOL 之间相互拷贝),就可以分析瞬 态循环工况(FTP、MVEG 等标准循环工况)。GT-COOL 所采用的隐式格式流动 求解器,求解快速、稳定、可靠。
13
GT-VTRAIN
GT-VTRAIN 主要应用于配气机构的机械运动和摩擦分析,是一种先进的设 计工具。它的计算精度和可靠性已经被大量的实际应用所证实。 主要应用:
配气机构(多体)动力学计算。 配气机构的运动学计算。 凸轮设计。 准动力学(刚性)分析,正规化 力和分离速度。 接触力和冲击力,气门落座速度 和反弹。 凸轮随动件的摩擦、赫兹应力、 变形、油膜厚度。 凸轮轴的扭转/弯曲的动态特 性。 凸轮轴轴承轨迹、摩擦扭矩。 配气机构的摩擦力和功率损失。 GT-VTRAIN 建模范围广泛,从标准 的配气结构布置到所有现代形式,包括 推杆、顶置凸轮、摆臂式和摇臂式顶置 凸轮、直接操纵式等。GT-VTRAIN 提供 了完整的动力学/液力学基本部件,同时 也提供了许多预变程的复合部件,比如 用于标准配气机构的部件(摇臂、提升 阀、液力间隙调节器等)。使用复合部件 可以减少建模的时间,而基本部件的使用可以拓展 GT-VTRAIN 的应用范围。因 此,GT-VTRAIN 是一种配气机构多体动力学计算的软件。

第2篇配气机构(汽车英语)

第2篇配气机构(汽车英语)
提示学生重点单词的汉语意思。
请思考:句中的It指的是什么?
重点词组彩色字体标注。
引导学生归纳知识要点。
一、领读单词;
二、结合课文讲解生词及课文
1、Thevalve mechanismconsists ofvalves,rocker arms,push-rods,lifters,and thecamshaft.
•rod
•four-stroke cycle engine
•the burning fuel mixture
•the reciprocating motion
•the rotary motion
•the timing gears
回忆复习汽车基本知识及相关英语词汇
【导入新课】
5min
课前提问
分组到黑板上默写单词,或对课件上的单词找学生回答
教学过程
首先进行课前提问,然后领读生词,讲解生词,进行课堂练习巩固提高。
课堂小结
通过以上教学学生基本能读或写出新单词的含义,能独立完成课堂练习
课外作业
1、单词抄写
2、课后练习。
审批意见
审批人/日期:
教学后记
教学环节
教师活动
教学内容安排
学生活动
【组织教学】
杭州技师学院授课教案首页
(学年第学期)
课程:汽车英语1授课教师:邢春霞序号:5
教学内容
Unit2 text2Valve Mechanism
授课时间
授课班级
教学要求
与目的
对课文中的生词要会读、能说出其中文含义并对重点单词进行英汉互译。
教学重点难点
重点讲解词汇:
课文分析
教(工)具准备
课件

能源与动力工程专业英语词汇

能源与动力工程专业英语词汇

专业名称•动力工程及工程热物理:Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理:Thermal Physics of Engineering •动力工程:Power Engineering;Dynamic Engineering•热能工程:Thermal Engineering(Thermal Energy Engineering•制冷与低温工程:Refrigeration and Cryogenic[ˌkraɪəˈdʒɛnɪk]Engineering •流体机械及工程:Fluid Mechanics and Engineering•热能动力工程:Thermal Energy and Dynamic Engineering•能源与动力工程学院:School of Energy and Power Engineering热力学thermodynamics1.adiabatic process[ˌædiəˈbætɪk]绝热过程2.aerodynamics[ˌeroʊdaɪˈnæmɪks]空气动力学,空气动力学专家,n,adj空气动力学的3.buoyancy[ˈbɔɪənsi,ˈbujən-]浮升力pressibility压缩性5.gasdynamics气体动力学6.hydraulics[haɪˈdrɔlɪks]水力学7.hydrodynamics流体水力学8.hydrostatics[ˌhaɪdrə'stætɪks]流体静力学9.open system开口系统10.reversible process[rɪˈvɚsəbəl]可逆过程11.thermodynamics equilibrium[ˌikwəˈlɪbriəm]热力平衡12.viscous[ˈvɪskəs]粘性的13.inviscid[ɪn'vɪsɪd]无粘性的14.thermodynamics、thermodynamic property热力学、热力性质15.entropy[ˈɛntrəpi]熵16.enthalpy[en'θælpɪ]焓17.internal energy内能18.potential energy势能19.kinetic energy动能20.work功21.mechanical/shaft work机械功/轴功22.flow work流动功23.specific volume比容24.cycle循环25.Saturated temperature/pressure/liquid/ vapor[ˈsætʃəreɪtɪd]饱和温度/压力/液体/蒸汽26.subcooled liquid过冷液体27.quality(蒸汽干度28.dry saturated vapor干饱和蒸汽29.superheated vapor过热蒸汽30.the first/second law of thermodynamics热力学第一/二定律31.the law of the conservation of energy能量守恒定律32.reversible/irreversible process可逆/不可逆过程33.pressure drop压降34.heat exchanger热交换器35.entropy production熵产[ˈɛntrəpi]36.coefficient of performance性能系数37.refrigerating capacity/effect制冷量38.Carnot cycle卡诺循环/nit/39.refrigerating efficiency制冷效率40.equation of state状态方程41.ideal gas constant理想气体常数42.isotherm等温线43.triple point三相点44.hydrocarbons碳氢化合物/烃45.cryogenic低温学[ˌkraɪəˈdʒenɪk]46.least-square fitting最小二乘法47.specific heat/specific heat capacity比热/比热容48.azeotropic mixture共沸混合物[əˌzi:ə'trɒpɪk]49.zeotropic mixture非共沸混合物50.dew point(temperature露点(温度[dju: pɔint][du pɔɪnt]51.isentropic compression/process等熵压缩/过程[aɪsen'trɒpɪk]52.condenser冷凝器53.evaporator蒸发器54.expansion valve膨胀阀55.throttling valve节流阀pressor压缩机pressor displacement压缩机排气量58.volumetric efficiency容积效率59.single-stage/two-stage/double-stage/compound compression单/双级压缩60.intercool/intercooler中间冷却(器61.intermediate pressure中间压力62.pressure ratio压力比63.insulating material保温材料流体力学1.流体力学fluid mechanics2. 动力粘度 absolute/dynamicviscosity3. 速度梯度 velocity gradient英[ˈgreɪdiənt]美[ˈɡrediənt]4. 运动粘度 kinematic viscosity英[ˌkɪnɪ'mætɪk]美[ˌkɪnə'mætɪk]英 [vɪ'skɒsətɪ]美 [vɪˈskɑsɪti] 5. 伯努力方程Bernoulli Equation英 [bə:ˈnu:liiˈkweiʃən]6. 体积流量 volumetric flow rate7. 质量流量 mass flow rate8. 层流 laminar flow9. 紊流 turbulence/turbulentflow10. 雷诺数 Reynolds number11. 摩擦力 friction/frictionalforce12. 摩擦系数 coefficient of friction13. 微分方程 differential equation14. 阻力 drag force 或 resistance15. 阻力系数 drag coefficient传热学1. 热传递 heat transfer2. 热传导 thermal conduction3. 热对流 thermal convection4. 热辐射 thermal radiation5. 层流底层 laminar sublayer6. 过渡层 buffer layer, 缓冲区或人, buffer dinner 自助餐 buffet 英[ˈbʌfit]7. 强迫对流 forced convection8. 自然 /自由对流 natural/freeconvection9. 稳态导热 steady-state conduction10. 导热系数 thermal conductivity11. 热阻 thermal resistance12. (总传热系数 (overallheat transfer coefficient13. 表面积 surface area14. 串联 series 系列15. 并联 parallel 英[ˈpærəlel]并行, Parallel computing 并行计算16. 接触热阻 contact thermal resistance17. (对数平均温差(logarithmicmean temperature difference [ˌlɒɡə'rɪðmɪk]18. 顺流 parallel flow19. 逆流 counter flow20. 相变 phase change21. 冷库 cold storage 热库 thermal reservoir/heat bath22. 边界条件 boundary condition23. 黑体辐射 blackbody radiation24. 辐射力 emissive power25. 维恩位移定律Wien’s displacement Law 26. 半球发射率 hemispherical emittance [ˌhemɪˈsferɪkl]27. 吸收率 absorptance 英 [əb'sɔ:ptəns] 28. 透射率 transmittance英 [træns'mɪtns]n. 播送 ; 发射 ; 传动 ; 透明度 ; 29. 反射率 reflectance30. 漫射辐射 diffuse radiation31.(充分发展的层流 /紊流 fully developed laminar/turbulentflow湿空气1. 湿空气学 psychrometrics2. 干空气 dry air3. 湿空气 moistair4. 大气压 barometricpressure5. 热力学温标 thermodynamic temperature scale6. 含湿量 humidity ratio7. 比焓 specific enthalpy 英[en'θælpɪ]8. 比熵 specific entropy 英[ˈentrəpi]9. 绝对湿度 absolute humidity10. 饱和含湿量 saturation humidity ratio 英[ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃn]英[ˈreɪʃiəʊ]11. 相对湿度 relative humidity12. 热力学湿球温度 thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature13. 分压力 partial pressure14. 总压 total pressure15. 通用气体常数 universal gas constant 16. 湿球 /干球温度 dry-bulb/wet-bulbtemperature 17. 焓湿图 psychrometric chart制冷空调1. 集中 /分散供冷 central/decentralizedcooling 英[ˌdi:'sentrəlaɪzd]2. 锅炉 boiler3. 往复 /螺杆 /离心 /涡旋式压缩机 /冷水机组 reciprocating/helicalrotary(或screw/centrifugal/scrollcompressor/waterchiller unit4. 吸收式制冷 /冷水机组 absorption refrigeration/waterchiller unit5. 热回收 heat reclaim/recovery6. 冷却塔 cooling tower7. 空气 /水冷却冷凝器 air-cooled/water-cooled condenser8. 蒸发式冷凝器 evaporative condenser9. 净正吸入压力 /压头 netpositive suction pressure/head10. 供 /回干管 main supply/returnline11. 二 /三通阀 two/three-wayvalve12. 平衡阀 balancing valve13.一次/二次冷冻水系统primary/secondary chilled water system14.备用泵spare pump15.疏水器、存水弯、水封trap16.水/冰蓄冷water/ice thermal storage17.空气/水/地源热泵air/water/ground source heat pump18.定/变风量constant/variable air volume19.经济器economizer20.静/动压static/dynamic pressure21.毛细管capillary tube英[kəˈpɪləri]22.全封闭压缩机hermetically sealed/hermetic compressor英[hɜ:ˈmetɪk]23.半封闭式压缩机semi-hermetic/semi-hermetically sealed compressor24.直接膨胀direct expansion26.离心/轴流式风机centrifugal/axial fan英[ˈæksiəl]27.立管riser英['raɪzə]28.内/外平衡式热力膨胀阀internally/externally equalized thermostatic expansion valve29.吸/排气管suction/discharge line30.电磁阀solenoid valve美['solə,nɔɪd]31.恒压阀constant pressure valve32.迎风面积/速度face area/velocity33.(一拖多分体式空调器(multi-split air conditioner34.水环热泵water loop heat pump35.能效比energy efficiency ratio36.变容压缩/压缩机positive displacement compression/compressor37.速度/动压式压缩/压缩机velocity/dynamic compression/compressor38.流量系数flow coefficient39.水锤water hammer40.闸阀gate valve41.球阀ball valve42.蝶阀butterfly valve43.平衡阀balancing valve44.安全阀safety/relief valve n.救济;减轻,解除;安慰;浮雕45.止回阀check/backflow prevention valve boiler锅炉1.air heater空气预热器2.auxiliary辅助的,辅机[ɔ:gˈzɪliəri]3.bare tube光管4.blast[英][blɑ:st]鼓风5.blowdown排污6.capacity[英][kəˈpæsəti]出力7.cogenerator热电联产机组pressor压缩机bustion燃烧10.condenser凝汽器11.counterflow逆流12.critical pressure临界压力13.diesel oil柴油gasoline,gaslene, gas,petro(英,汽油14.drainage疏水、排水设备,排水系统15.drum汽包16.economizer[英][i:'kɒnəmaɪzə]省煤器17.excess air[英][ɪkˈses]过量空气18.extended surface扩展受热面19.fin鳍片、肋片、散热片、翅片20.flue gas烟气21.fluid(-bed流化床(fluidizedbed[英]['flu:ɪdaɪzd22.furnace炉膛23.fouling污垢,击球出界(羽毛球 [英]['faʊlɪŋ]24.generator发电机25.header联箱、集箱,集管26.hopper[英][ˈhɒpə(r]斗、料斗l磨煤机(pulverizer[英]['pʌlvəraɪzə]28.motor汽车、马达、电动机29.platen屏、管屏[美]['plætən]30.Prandtl numbers普朗特数31.pressure loss压力损失32.regenerator回热器,蓄热器,再生器[英][rɪ'dʒenəˌreɪtə]33.Reynolds numbers雷诺数34.slag结渣美[slæɡ]35.sootblower吹灰器美[su:tb'ləʊər]36.steam line blowing蒸汽管路吹洗37.superheater过热器38.turbine汽轮机39.suction真空,负压steam turbine蒸汽轮机40.gas turbine燃气轮机41.back pressure背压42.blower送风机、吹灰器43.boundary layer边界层44.chimney英[ˈtʃɪmni]烟囱、烟道、烟筒45.cooling tower冷却水塔46.coupling连接,连接法兰,耦合47.critical speed临界转速48.cylinder圆筒、汽缸49.head汽包封头、扬程、水头50.impeller叶轮、推进器、压缩器rge turbine-generator unit大型汽轮发电机组52.non-destructive testing(NDT无损检验53.digital-controlled machine数控机床54.fixed blade固定叶片,导向叶片55.operational speed运行转速56.outing casing外缸57.inner casing内缸58.rigid coupling刚性连轴器solid coupling59.rotor转子60.stress concentration应力集中61.two-shift operation两班制运行62.wake尾流Thermal Power Plant:热电厂1.automatic control system:自动控制系统2.boiler feed pump:锅炉给水泵feed pump:给水泵3.chamber:燃烧室/ei/4.circulating water:循环水5.check valve:止回阀,逆止阀6.non-return valve:逆止阀,止回阀7.controlling valve:控制阀,调节阀8.cooling water(CW:冷却水9.cycle efficiency:循环效率10.data processing system:数据处理系统11.de-aerator[英]['eɪəreɪtə]除氧器12.de-aerator tank:除氧水箱13.desuperheater:减温器14.desuperheater spraywater:喷水减温15.drain pump:疏水泵16.full-load:满负荷erning system:调速系统(governing:调节,调整18.heat-transfer coefficient:换热系数19.isolating valve:隔离阀20.load rejection:甩(抛负荷21.main steam:主汽22.motorized isolating valve:电动隔离阀23.lubricating oil:润滑油24.nuclear plant:核电厂25.orifice:[orifis]孔,口,孔板26.pipework:管路27.power station:电厂28.pressure reducing valve:减压装置29.reliability:安全性,可靠性30.relief valve:安全阀31.running speed:运行转速32.sealing:密封,封闭,焊封33.self-sealing:自密封的34.stainless steel:不锈钢35.stop valve:断流阀,截止阀36.strainer:滤盆,滤器,滤网,拉紧装置37.supercritical plant:超临界机组38.synchronizer:英]['sɪŋkrənaɪzə]同步器,同步机,同步装置39.throttle:节流阀[美]/ˈθrɑ:tl/喉咙,气管,vt.&vi.扼杀,压制;勒死,使窒息;使节流40.turbine-generator unit:汽轮发电机组41.ultra-supercritical:超超临界英][ˈʌltrə] [美]['ʌltrə]42.vacuum:真空43.vent:通道,通风口44.actuator:/aiktjueite/执行机构45.brake:闸,制动器46.damper:[美]['dæmpər]挡板,调节风门47.distributed control system(DCS分散控制系统48.disturbance:干扰,扰动49.feedback control:反馈控制50.forced draught(FDfan:送风机[英][fɔ:st drɑ:ft/51.furnace purge:炉膛吹扫ernor valve:调节阀53.induced draught(IDfan:引风机54.make-up pump:补水泵55.overheating:过热,超温56.preamp:前置放大器/ˈpriæmp/57.primary air fan:一次风机58.sensor:传感器59.shutdown:停机,停炉,停运,关机,关闭;倒闭,停工,停业,停播。

配气机构的动力学分析

配气机构的动力学分析

配气机构动力学分析课程设计目录一、配气机构的机构简图 ........................................ 错误!未定义书签。

二、配气机构运动学计算分析 (1)1)配气机构中间参数法的代数分析 (1)2)运初始值的设定及简化计算 (3)三、配气机构动力学计算分析 (8)1)受力分析及微分方程的建立 (8)2)配气机构质量的换算及方程参数的计算 (10)3)动力学微分方程的求解 (12)四、配气机构动力学优化比较 (16)参考文献: (23)附件: (24)配气机构的运动学和动力学分析一、配气机构的机构简图其自由度为5432352621F n p p =--=⨯-⨯-= 主动件为凸轮轴,输出件为气门。

二、配气机构的运动学计算分析1、配气机构中间参数法的代数分析由上面的机构简图可以得到,摇臂轴与凸轮轴的竖直位移为: 000cos cos cos cos T T T T y l l h l l h H αγαγ++=++=化简得到:000(cos cos )(cos cos )T T T l l h h ααγγ-+-=- (1)摇臂轴与凸轮轴的水平位移:00sin sin sin sin T T x l l l l H αγαγ+=+=化简得到:00(sin sin )(sin sin )0T l l ααγγ-+-= (2)上面(1)(2)两式对时间求导得到sin sin cos cos 0T T T T dh dh l l dt d l l αγαγωαωγωϕωαωγ⎧+==⋅⎪⎨⎪--=⎩ 解得cos sin()T T h l αωγωαγ'=- cos sin()T h l γωαωαγ'=--其中αω,γω分别为摇臂和推杆的角速度,两式对时间求导得到摇臂和推杆的角加速度为:2222(cos sin )sin()cos()()cos [sin()]cos sin []sin()cos sin()sin()[sin()]cos cos cos()[]sin()sin()T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T h h l l h l h h l h l l l h h l l l γαγαωγωγωαγαγωωωγεαγωαωγαγωγαγαγαγωγωααγαγαγ''''-⋅----=-''--''-=---''-+---222223cos [sin()]cos cos cos()cos ()sin()sin ()T T T T T T h l h h l l ωγαγωγωγαγλααγαγ'-'''-+=---同理,得到推杆的角加速度为22223cos cos cos cos()()sin()sin ()T T T h h l l γωαωγλααγελαγαγ'''+-=-+-- 其中Tl lλ=即为挺柱和推杆长度比 根据机构简图上的几何关系,00ββαα-=- 0(cos cos )V V l h ββ-=对时间求导可以得到sin sin VV V dh l l dtβαβωβω=⋅=⋅ 222(cos sin )V V d h l dtααβωβε=⋅+⋅ 将摇臂的角速度,角加速度带入可以得到:cos cos sin sin sin()sin()V V T V T T T dh l h l h dt l l ωγγββωαγαγ''=⋅=--2222222322223cos cos cos cos()cos {cos []sin [()]}sin()sin()sin ()cos sin ()[cos sin()cos sin ]sin()sin ()V T T T V T T T V V T T T T d h h h h l dt l l l l l h h l l ωγωγωγαγλαββαγαγαγωγβωγαγβλαβαγαγ''''-+=⋅+⋅----'''=+-----气门传动机构的传动比00sin sin 1sin()sin()V VV V T T T T T T dh dh l l dt dt i h dh l l h h dtββωαγαγωω'==≈=--'' 对中间参数进行线性近似可以得到00000020000000000020000sin cos sin cos()()[]sin()sin()sin ()sin sin()()sin()sin ()V V T T V VT T l l i l l l l l l βββαγαααγαγαγβαγβαααγαγ-=+-------≈+---2、运动初始值的设定及运动学计算的简化计算初始参数的设定:凸轮轴转速:1000r/min 故2104.72/60nrad s πω== 运动开始时推杆与竖直位置成5度角,摇臂水平且摇臂轴两端摇臂成一条直线(即机构简图中所示1OO 和2OO 在一条直线上),故05γ= 0090αβ==,αβ=。

航空发动机专业英语词汇大全

航空发动机专业英语词汇大全

航空策动机专业英语词汇大全,值得收藏!之五兆芳芳创作2016-01-29 航佳技巧飞机维修砖家Part 1Para. 1gas turbine engine燃气涡轮策动机aircraft 飞机,遨游飞翔器(单复同形)power plant 策动机,动力装置appreciate 理解,意思到prior to 在…之前propulsion 推进reaction 反作用jet 喷气, 喷射, 喷气策动机designer 设计师initially 最初,开始时unsuitability 不适应性piston engine 活塞策动机airflow 空气流present 带来, 产生obstacle 障碍Para. 2patent 专利, 取得专利jet propulsionengine 喷气推进策动机athodyd 冲压式喷气策动机heat resistingmaterial 耐热资料develop 研究出,研制出in the secondplace 其次inefficient 效率底的ram jet, ramjet冲压式喷气策动机conception 构思, 设计,概念Para. 3grant 授予propulsive jet 推进喷射turbo-jet engine 涡轮喷气策动机turbojetturbo-propellerengine涡轮螺桨策动机turbopropVickers Viscountaircraft 维克斯子爵式飞机be fitted with 配备term 术语, 称为, 叫做twin-spool engine 双转子策动机triple-spoolengine三转子策动机by-pass engine 双涵道策动机ducted fan 涵道电扇策动机unducted fan (UDF)无涵道电扇策动机propfan 桨扇策动机inevitable 不成避免的, 必定的propeller 螺旋桨basic principle 基来源根底理effect 产生propel 推进solely 单独, 只thrust 推力popularly 普遍地, 一般地pulse jet 脉动式喷气策动机turbo/ram jet 涡轮冲压式喷气策动机turbo-rocket 涡轮火箭accelerate 加快acceleration 加快度apparatus 装置, 机械slipstream 滑流momentum 动量issue 冒出to impart M to N 把M授与N revolve 旋转whirl 旋转sprinkler 喷水器mechanism 机构by [in] virtue of 依靠hose 软管afford 提供carnival 狂欢节definitely 确切地, 明确地assume 想象, 以为expel 排出, 驱逐propulsiveefficiency 推进效率Page 3differ 不合convert 转换thermodynamic 热动力的divergent 扩散diverge 扩散convergent 收敛converge收敛entry 进气段exit 排气管kinetic energy 动能air intake 空气进口diverging duct 扩散管道outlet duct 排气管missile 导弹target vehicle 靶机intermittentcombustion 连续式燃烧aerodynamic 空气动力的involve 具有robust 结实的, 巩固的inlet valve 进气阀inject 喷入eject 喷出depression 降压, 减压exhaust 排气cycle 循环helicopter rotorpropulsion直升飞机旋翼驱动器dispense with 省去, 无需resonate 共振resonating cycle 共振循环fuel consumption 燃油消耗equal 比得上performance 性能decompose 分化inherent 固有的draw 吸入arrangement 结构simplicity 复杂性subsequent 接下来的thermodynamic 热力的Page 7disturbance 扰动blade-tip 叶尖departure from 叛变offset 抵消exceed 超出Mach number 马赫数variable intake 可变进口afterburning 加力燃烧variable nozzle 可调喷口conventional 常规的afterburner 加力燃烧室inoperative 不任务的divert 使转向guide vane 导流叶片duct 管道,用管道输送sustained 持续的cruise 巡航mode 模式multi-stageturbine 多级涡轮derive 得到,取得kerosene, kerosine煤油be in the orderof…达到…的量级spray 喷雾fuel-rich mixture 富油混杂物dilute 稀释surplus 剩余的interceptor 截击机space-launcher 航天发射器altitude 高度attitude 态度、姿态latitude 纬度longitude 经度accelerative 加快的duration 持续时间Part2working fluid 任务流体conversion 转换jet efflux 喷射气流four-stroke pistonengine 四冲程活塞策动机constant pressure 等压constant volume 等容induction 进气compression 压缩intermittent 连续的be involved in…与…有关charging 进气eliminate 消除idle stroke 空冲程peak 峰, 峰值fluctuate,fluctuating 动摇, 起伏withstand,withstood 承受in excess of 超出employ 采取cylinder 汽缸high octane fuel 高辛烷值燃料low octane fuel 低辛烷值燃料fabricated 装配式的function 运行, 运转introduce,introducing 输入remainder 剩余部分discharge 排出Para.5,6turbine assembly 涡轮部件air-cooled blade 气冷叶片consequently 随之而来的, 因此, 所以embody 体现be embodied in M 体现在M中be directlyproportional to…与…成正比be inversely proportional t o…与…成正比trace 描绘show up 表示attain 达到, 实现conversely 相反地adiabatic 绝热的friction 摩擦conduction 传导turbulence 紊流propelling nozzle 推力喷管momentum 动量deceleration 加速Page 14effect 实现conversion 转换convert 转换sonic 音速的subsonic 亚音速的supersonic 超音速的encounter 遇到venturi 文氏管interference 搅扰component failure 部件失效eddy 涡流turbulence 紊流frontal area 迎面面积straight-throughflow system 直流式系统reverse flowsystem 回流式系统subsequent 接下来的conventionally 常规地percentage 部分,百分比duct 管道,用管道输送remainder 剩余物deliver 送,流to be condu cive to…有利于…specific fuelconsumption 燃油消耗率design feature 设计特征by-pass engine 双涵道策动机by-pass ratio 涵道比twin-spoolconfiguration 双转子结构propfan 桨扇策动机turbo-propeller 涡轮螺桨策动机by-pass airstream 外涵道气流overboard 向船外,排出ducted fan 涵道式电扇策动机aft fan 后电扇策动机Part 3centrifugal 离心的axial 轴流的couple 耦合,联接coupling 联轴器coupler联轴器shaft 轴centrifugal (flow)compressor 离心压气机impeller 叶轮diffuser 扩散器axial (flow)compressor 轴流压气机multi-stage unit 多级装置alternate 瓜代的rotor blade转子叶片stator vane 静子叶片diffuse 扩散boost 增压booster 增压器with regard to 关于robust 巩固,结实develop andmanufacture 设计与制造consume 消耗,使用attain 达到air flow 空气流量,空气流adoption 采取favour (Am. E favor) 喜爱,偏爱ruggedness巩固性rugged 巩固的outweigh 胜过,重于Fig. 3-1rotating guidevane 旋转导流叶片intake chute 进气斜道swirl vane 旋流叶片diffuser vane 扩散器叶片double-entry impeller双面进气叶轮plenum chamber 稳流室induce 吸入radially 径向地intake duct 进气管initial swirl 预旋divergent nozzle 扩散排气管tip speed 叶尖速度maintain 保持leakage 泄漏clearance 间隙construction 结构center around(about, at, in, on, round, up on)…以…为中心ball bearing 滚珠轴承roller bearing 滚柱轴承split 分隔detachment 拆开,别离forged 锻造的radially disposedvanes 径向排列的叶片in conjunctionwith… 和…配合swept back 后掠attach 联接tangential 相切的inner edge 内缘in line with… 与…一致buffeting impulse 扰流抖振脉冲Para. 13rotor assembly 转子部件airfoilsection 翼型截面mount 装置bearing 轴承incorporate 安有,装有in series 依次地design condition 设计状态incorporation 引入,采取variable statorvane 可调静子叶片succeeding stage下一级Para. 14gradual reduction 逐渐减小annulus 环型stator casing 静子机匣maintain 保持density 密度convergence 收敛taper,tapering 带斜度,带锥度arrangement 结构Para. 16multi-spoolcompressor 多转子压气机optimum 最佳(的),最优(的)flexibility 适应性,灵活性Para. 17handle 处理duct 管道,用管道输送exhaust system 排气系统propelling nozzle 推力喷管match 使匹配obsolete 已不必but 除…….之外Para. 18trend 趋势stage 阶段, 级undergo 承受split 分隔core 焦点gas generator 燃气产生器optimumarrangement 最佳结构Para. 19induce 吸入,引入,引导sweep, swept 扫,猛推adjacent 相邻的translate 翻译,转换decelerate 加速serve 起……作用deflection 偏转straightener 整流器swirl 旋流diagrammatically 图示地accompany 陪伴progressive 不竭的,逐渐的Para. 20breakaway 别离stall 失速precede 在……前面Para. 21incidence 攻角tolerate 允许interstagebleed 级间放气intermediatestage 中间级Para. 22proportion 比例pl. 尺寸, 大小coaxial 同轴的inner radius 内半径supercharge 增压akin 相似的to center around(round, on, upon, about, at, in)…以…为中心alignment 对中, 同心cylindrical 圆筒形的bolted axial joint轴向螺栓联接bolted center linejoint 中心线螺栓联接secure 固定assemble 装配weld 焊接periphery 边沿drum 鼓筒circumferential 周向的fixing 装置, 固定maintainability 维护性blisk 整体叶盘gradient 梯度balance out 抵消twist 扭angle of incidence攻角boundary layer 附面层, 鸿沟层stagnant 滞止的compensate for 抵偿camber 弯度extremity 端部end-bend 端弯retaining ring 保持环in segments 成组的shroud 叶冠dissimilar 不相似的, 不合的workable 可用的, 可运转的implement 实现, 执行, 完成retain 保持impose upon… 强加于…之上depart from 偏离intention 意图positive incidencestall 正攻角失速negative incidencestall 负攻角失速blading 叶栅sustain 承受得住surge 喘振instantaneous 即刻的expel 排出margin 欲度instability 不稳定性Para. 30provision 提供margin 欲度hydraulic 液压的pneumatic 气动的electronic 电子的Para. 31cost effective 成本效益好的prevail 流行,胜利Para. 32rigid 刚性的clearance 间隙alloy 合金nickel based alloy镍基合金titanium 钛in preference to 优先于rigidity todensity ratio 刚度密度比Para. 33prime 主要的fatigue strength 疲劳强度notch 切口,开槽ingestion 吸气inferior 差的decline 下降rub 碰磨ignite 点燃airworthiness 遨游飞翔性能hazard 危险Para. 34dominate 起支配作用Para. 35solid forging 实锻件chord 弦mid-span 叶片中部snubber 减振器clapper 拍板fabricate 制造skin 蒙皮honeycomb 蜂窝Para. 36robust section 巩固截面ingestioncapability 吸气能力Part4fuel supply nozzle燃油喷嘴extensive 普遍的,大量的accomplish 完成range 规模C---Centigrade orCelsiusturbine nozzle涡轮导向器consequent 随之产生的,结果的kerosene, cerosine煤油light, lit orlighted 点燃blow, blew,blown 吹alight 燃烧的flame tube 火焰筒liner 衬筒meter, metering 调节配量snout 进气锥体downstream 下游,顺流swirl vane 旋流叶片perforated flare 带孔的喇叭管primary combustionzone 主燃区upstream上游,逆流promote 促进,引起recirculation 环流,回流secondary air hole二股气流孔toroidal vortex 喇叭口形涡流anchor, anchoring 锚,固定hasten 促进,加快droplet 小滴ignitiontemperature 燃点conical 锥形的intersect 相交turbulence 紊流break up, breakingup 割裂,破碎incoming 进来的nozzle guide vane 涡轮导向叶片amount to 占…比例, 达到progressively 逐渐地dilution zone 掺混区remainder 剩余物insulate M from N 使M与N隔离Para.10,11electric spark 电火花igniter plug 点火塞self-sustained 自持的airstream =airflowdistinct =different typeinjection 喷射,喷入ejection 喷射,喷出atomize 使雾化spray nozzle 喷嘴pre-vaporization 预蒸发vapor 蒸汽vaporize 蒸发vaporizer 蒸发器feed tube 供油管vaporizing tube 蒸发管atomizer flametube装有雾化喷嘴的火焰筒multiple(combustion) chamber 分担燃烧室tubo-annular(combustion) chamber 环管燃烧室cannular(combustion) chamber 环管燃烧室annular(combustion) chamber 环形燃烧室dispose 安插delivery 排气interconnect 相互连通propagate传播bridge a gapbetween填补空白,使连接起来evolutionary 成长,演变arrangement 结构overhaul 大修compactness 紧凑性contain 包含,装置be open to 与…相通elimination 消除propagation 传播virtually 实际上oxidize 氧化carbon monoxide 一氧化碳non-toxic 无毒的carbon dioxide 二氧化碳aerate, aerating 吹气,供气over-rich pocket 过富区fuel vapour 燃油蒸汽carbon formation积碳形成incur 招致extinction 熄灭relight 重新点燃perform,performing 完成,执行spray nozzleatomizer 喷嘴雾化器intensity 强度compact 紧凑的exceptionally 非分特别地,特别地calorific value 热值British thermalunit (BTU)英国热量单位=252卡expenditure 使用,消耗altitude cruise 地面巡航weak limit 贫油极限rich limit 富油极限extinguish 熄灭extinguisher 灭火器dive 爬升idle, idling 空载,慢速mixture strength 混杂物浓度stability loop 稳定区emission 排放物pollutant污染物create 产生,形成legislatively 立法地hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物oxides of nitrogen氧化氮suppression 抑制desirable 符合需要的conflict 冲突compromise 折中combustor 燃烧室substantially 实际上coating 涂层insulation 隔热,隔离corrosion 腐化creep failure 蠕变失效fatigue 疲劳Part5accessory,accessories 附件solely = onlyextract,extracting 提取to expose M to N 使M流露于NM is exposed to Ntorque 扭矩intermediate 中间的interpose 置于…之间to be derivedfrom… 从…取得, 取自free-power turbine自由动力涡轮to be independentof…不受…的限制mean 平均的deflection 偏转in proportion to 按比例sectionalthickness 截面厚度disproportionately不相称地broadly 主要地aerofoil shape 翼型形状impulse turbine 冲击式涡轮reaction turbine 反作用式涡轮incorporate 采取cartridge starter 弹药筒式起动机air starter 空气起动机to force one’s wayinto 有力地冲入spin 旋转whirl 旋转to be governed by 取决于, 由…决定substantially 实际上, 大体上excessive 过度的residual 剩余的,剩余detrimental =harmfulstrut 支柱, 支杆twist, twisted 带扭向的stagger angle 斜罩角mean section 中间截面self-aligningcoupling 自动调节联轴器machined forging 机加锻件flange 法兰,装置边bolt 螺栓,用螺栓联结perimeter 周边,圆周to have provisionfor…为…作好准备attachment 联接, 装置heat conduction 热传导degree of reaction反力度Para.18fix 确定, 决定,trailing edge 排气边so as to (do) 为了prevent M (from)+ingattach联接, 装置fixing 联接have a bearing on …对…有影响rim speed 轮缘速度de Laval bulb root圆头叶根supersede 代替, 取代fir-tree fixing 纵树榫头联接involve 需要, 要求serration 榫齿stiffen 加劲, 固牢contraction 收缩shroud 叶冠fit 配备, 装置segment 部分, 片peripheral 外围的, 周边的abradable lining 易磨涂层A.C.C. ---activeclearance controlshroudless blade 无冠叶片revolve 旋转extract 提取conventional 常规的impractical 不实际的dual alloy disc 双金属轮盘blisk 整体叶轮cast 铸造bond 粘接match 匹配nozzle guide vane 涡轮导向叶片back pressure 反压surge 喘振choke 壅塞,阻塞obstacle 障碍impart to…授与tensile stress 拉应力limiting factor 限制因素endure 承受nickel alloy 镍合金ceramic coating 陶瓷涂层enhance 增强resistance 抵抗,耐fatigue cracking 疲劳破坏ferritic 铁素体terrific 可怕的,极妙的austenitic 奥氏体alloying element 合金元素extend 延长fatigue resistance抗疲劳性powder metallurgy 粉末冶金in connection with关于,与…有关glowing red-hot 赤热发光ounce 盎施=28.35 gbending load 弯曲载荷thermal shock 热冲击corrosion 腐化oxidization 氧化foregoing 前面的, 上述的it follows that 因此, 可见permissible 允许的metallurgist 冶金学家creep 蠕变finite useful life有限使用寿命failure 失效forge 锻造forging 锻件cast 铸造creep property 蠕变性能fatigue property 疲劳性能reveal 揭示, 显示a myriad of 无数crystal 晶体equi-axed 等轴的service life 使用寿命directionalsolidification 定向凝固useful creep life 有效蠕变寿命single crystalblade 单晶叶片substantially 实质上, 显著地reinforced ceramic加固陶瓷balancing 平衡operation 工序in view of 考虑到Part 6aero 航空的pass 排送resultant thrust 分解推力,总推力create 引起,产生contribute 提供absorb 吸收exert an influenceon…对…产生影响jet pipe 尾喷管propelling nozzle 推力喷管outlet nozzle 出口喷管distortion 扭曲, 变形cracking 产生裂纹thrust reverser 推力反向装置noise suppressor 消音器entail 需要, 要求low by-pass engine低涵道比策动机mixer unit 掺混装置encourage 促进exhaust cone 排气锥hold 保持residual whirl 剩余旋流strut 支板straighten 整流in relation to…对…来说choked 壅塞, 阻塞upstream totalpressure 上游总压pressure thrust 压力推力momentum 动量wastage 损失, 消耗with advantage 有效地convergent-divergentnozzle 收扩喷管recover 重新取得flared 扩张的restriction 限制progressively 逐渐地longitudinal 纵向的fixed area nozzle 固定面积喷口variable areanozzle 可变面积喷口offset 抵消nickel 镍titanium 钛ventilate,ventilating 通风lag, lagging 用隔热资料庇护insulating blanket隔热层fibrous 纤维状的stainless steel 不锈钢dimple 使起波纹acousticallyabsorbent material 吸声资料double-wallconstruction 双壁结构induce 引导ejector action 喷射器作用engine nacelle 策动机短舱streamline fairing流线型整流板vent hole 通气孔chute 斜道bonded honeycombstructure 粘接的蜂窝结构integrated nozzleassembly 整体喷管部件lightweightstrength 低重强度。

燃气机与大机组DCS英语单词

燃气机与大机组DCS英语单词

燃气轮机与大机组DCS (分散控制系统)英语单词Gas turbine C & DCS VOCABULARY 目录:Gas turbine 燃气机⑴ General 总体⑵ Compressor 压气机⑶Combustor 燃烧室Combined cycle ( STAG) 联合循环DCS画面常用缩写词语Gas turbine 燃气轮机⑴General 总体aeroderivative (gas)turbine 航改型燃气轮机air flow 空气流量availability可用率base 基架,基础cold end (generator) drive(发电机)冷端驱动combined cycle联合循环cranking speed冷吹转速F class (series, flame)F系列(级)fired hourr燃烧小时flange-to-flange法兰到法兰(燃气轮机本体)flow separation脱流fuel consumption燃料耗量gas generator燃气发生器(压气机+驱动用透平)gas turbine (combustion turbine)燃气轮机heat rate热耗heavy duty gas turbine重型燃气轮机industrial gas turbine工业燃气轮机inspection interval检查间隔期marine gas turbine船用燃气轮机performance性能performance degradation性能退化power (free) turbine动力(自由)透平recuperative gas turbine回热式燃气轮机regenerative cycle回热循环reliability可靠性sequential combustion二次燃烧(再热式)simple cycle简单循环skid单元(thermal) efficiency(热)效率⑵Compressor 压气机abraidable coating可磨涂层(气封)air bleed 抽气,放气air extraction port放(抽)气口air inlet 空气进口air inlet plenum (assembly)空气进口集流腔室(组件)air seal气封anti freezing (icing)防结冰anti-surge 防喘振axial-flow compressor轴流式压气机(压缩机)bar type spline seal“汇流排“式槽接密封件bearing casing轴承壳体bearing housing轴承座bellmouth (inner,outer)承口(内,外)bleed valve放气阀brush seal 刷子气封chilling system急冷系统cloth seal布条式气封compressor casing压气机气缸(中缸)compressor diffuser压气机扩压段(扩压器)compressor discharge casing压缩机排气缸compressor inlet casing压缩机进口缸(承力缸)compressor rotor压气机转子discharge air排气evaporative cooler 蒸发式冷却器exit guide vane(s)出口导叶extraction port 抽气口fog system 雾化(冷却)系统forward stub shaft前端轴inlet filter (house)进口过滤器(室)inner barrel (cylinder)内缸interlocking spline seal互联槽接密封件labyrinth seal拉别林气封,曲径式气封,迷宫式气封mating rabbet配合止口(嵌接)(off-line) water flush(脱机)水洗pulsation protection (control)喘振保护(控制)pumpkin-tooth style seal 瓜齿式气封radial strut径向支杆rotor blading动叶silencer消音器slot broached拉削开槽(装动叶用)spacer(叶片)锁片speed ring测速计齿环stage 级stator blading静叶surge margin喘振裕度tie bolt 拉紧螺杆variable-angle stator vane可转导叶variable IGV (inlet guide vane)可转进口导叶(进口导叶)W-seal 金属丝密封件wheel叶轮wrapper气缸外壁(固定燃烧室部位)⑶ Combustor 燃烧室annular combustion chamber 环形燃烧室annular can (cannular) combustion chamber 环管式燃烧室can combustor单筒燃烧室canned arrangement (combustor)外露式燃烧室canted arrangement (combustor)倾斜式燃烧室cap (cover) assembly (end cover)头部组件(端板,喷嘴安装座) catalytic combustion 催化燃烧centerbody中心体combustion chamber (combustor)燃烧室(combustion)liner 火焰筒combustion system燃烧系统combustion zone燃烧区convection cooling对流冷却crossfire tube collar火焰筒凸台diffusion combustion 扩散燃烧diffusion (premixed) gas扩散(预混)气体燃料diluent 稀释剂dilution zone稀释区dry low NOx (DLN) combustor干(式)低污染(NOx)燃烧室(dual fuel) burner(双燃料)燃烧器dual mode combustor双运行模式燃烧室effusion cooling扩散冷却emission control排放控制film cooling气膜冷却flame detector火焰监测器flame-out熄火flame stabilizer火焰稳定器floating seal(过渡段)浮动式气封flow sleeve导流套筒fuel nozzle燃料喷嘴ignition点火impingement cooling冲击冷却impingement sleeve冲击冷却套筒interconnector (cross firer, crossflame tube)联焰管liner cap 火焰筒头部louver cooling (louvered liner)鱼鳞孔冷却(火焰筒)multiple-combustion system 多燃烧室系统parallel arrangement (combustor)平行式燃烧室pilot fuel值班燃料pilot nozzle值班喷嘴premixing combustion预混燃烧primary zone一次燃烧区oil operation燃油运行outer combustion chamber燃烧室外壳reverse-flow type逆流式(燃烧系统)ridge (冷却)翅片secondary zone二次燃烧区slot-cooled liner缝隙冷却式火焰筒spark plug (igniter) 点火器spring seal弹性密封片(火焰筒)transition piece过渡段turbulator涡流式进气孔(火焰筒)white noise 人造噪音water (steam) injection 注水(汽)Turbine透平air cooled blade 空冷叶片airfoil (叶片的)叶型部分bucket动叶bucket dovetail叶根center rib (bucket)(叶片)中部龙骨coating 涂层cooling system 冷却系统core plug (叶片)内部冷却通道,内部芯杆cutter tooth (围带)刀齿chordal hinge (sealing)弦向铰链式气封diaphragm (inner)内围带disk 叶轮directionally solidified bucket 定向凝固动叶exhaust diffuser排气扩压段exhaust frame排气缸,承力缸high (low) energy-per-stage高(低)能量头级honeycomb seal 蜂窝式气封hot gas path(parts)高温燃气通道(零件)interlocking shrouds互联围带(动叶)long-shank bucket 长柄动叶nozzle 喷嘴nozzle segment喷嘴弧段partition (静叶)叶片perimeter cooling 外围冷却rabbet 止口retaining ring (静叶)持环rotor distance piece透平前端轴(rotor)spacer中间盘(透平)scalloped tip shroud 贝壳形围带serpentine cooling hole 折流式冷却孔shroud (动叶)围带,(静叶)护环sidewall (叶片)端壁single-crystal bucket单晶叶片stack 叠装,安装stage级steam cooled blade 蒸汽冷却叶片thermal barrier coating (TBC)隔热涂层through bolt 贯穿螺栓trailing edge 出气边turbine casing透平前气缸turbine stator透平静子turbulated cooling紊流冷却two vane nozzle 双联静叶喷嘴wheel shaft (forward, aft) 端轴(前,后)wheelspace (叶轮)环状空间wheel spacer 中间盘Combined cycle ( STAG) 联合循环IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle)整体煤气化联合循环GTCC ( gas turbine combined cycle)燃气轮机联合循环power train轴系single ( two) shaft configuration单轴配置1 on 1 system (1 x 1)(1台燃机和1台汽机)配置方式triple pressure HRSG (heat recovery steam generator) 三压余热锅炉cold-end drive冷端驱动(heat recovery cycle with) supplementary firing带补燃的预热利用系统fully-fired cycle全燃循环duct burner补燃燃烧器Actual真实的hot热的Air空气hotwell热井Allam报警hydrogen氢气Angle角度ignition点火Assistant辅助Inadequent不足,不稳定Atomize汽化Indication指示Auto自动Industry water工业水Auxiliary辅助的Inservice服务中Available可用的In progress程序进行中Back后面,背后Intermittent定期的,间断的Back-pass后烟道Interrupt中断Back-up后备Ion exchanger离子交换器Base基本Iron铁Bearing轴承Latch挂闸,复位Blowdown排污Lead铅Boiler锅炉Leak泄漏Booster pump前置泵Level水平,程度Box箱或者罐子Limit限制Breaker断路器Living water生活水Bypass旁路Load负载或负荷Cage罩,盒,壳体Log(数据)记录Casing汽缸Low低的Chamber室,小屋Lubericationg润滑Check valve逆止阀Main主要的Checklist(核对用)清单Chemical化学的Management管理Circle循环,周期Master主要的Close关闭,封闭Megawatt兆瓦(功率单位)Close circulation闭式循环Metal金属Coal煤Mill磨煤机Code密码或者编码Mode状态Coil线圈Motor电动机Cold冷的Normal正常Command命令Nozzle喷嘴Complete完全的,完成Oil油Condensate凝结水Open开启Condition条件Open circle water开式循环Constant pressurem mode定压模式Operate操作Continuous连续的Outlet出口侧Control控制Inlet进口侧Control air仪用空气Overfire过燃Cooling 冷却Overview总图,概况Condensate water pump凝结水泵Overspeed超速Coner角Panel屏,盘,面板Permit许可,允许Cycle循环,周期Phrase状态Damper挡板Plant电厂Deaerator除氧器Platen屏Delivery输送Position位置Deminreallizer除盐装置Power功率,动力Desalter除盐器Precipitator除尘器Difference不同的,有差别的Press压力Detect检测Pressure压力Discharge排放Presynchronization准同期Display显示Primary初始的,一次风Drain疏水Proven已经被确认Drum汽包Pulse脉冲Economizer省煤器Pulverizer磨煤机Electrical电的,电力的Pump泵Eleation层Purge吹扫Emergency紧急情况Purity纯度Enter进入,开始执行Push-botton按钮Exchanger交换器Rate速率Exciter励磁机Execute执行Rear后部Exhaust排汽(气)Relation关系Expansion膨胀Remote远方,遥控Extraction抽取Reservoir存储容器Failure失败Returm返回Fan风机Ring环形的Fault故障Roll转动Feedback反馈Run运行Feeder给煤机Satisfactory满足Feedwater给水Scanner扫描器Feed water pump给水泵Seal密封Filter滤网,过滤器Second第二,秒Flame火焰Sequential顺序的Final最后Set设置Flap振动,拍打Setpoint设定值Flow流动,流量Shallow浅层Flue燃料Shut valve截止阀,关断阀Front前面的Simulate仿镇Fule master主燃料Single单一的Slide pressure mode滑压状态Gas气体Speed速度Gate门,挡板Spray喷水Gear齿轮Stack烟囱Gearbox齿轮箱,变速箱Stage(汽机)级Generator发电机Standby备用(状态)Gland格兰,轴封Start-up启动Go执行Stator定子Govenor valve调节阀Status状态,特征Graphics图象,画面Steam蒸汽Guide引导Stop-valve截止阀Header联箱Storage存储Heat value热值Suplly供应,供给Heater加热器Support支持High高的Surge喘振,波动Hold把握,控制,保持System系统Hopper料斗Tag name标识,编号Horizontal水平的Tank箱,罐Vacuum真空Target目标Vacuum breaking valve真空破坏门test试验Throttle节流阀Vent通风,排空气Thrust bearing推力轴承Walll墙,管壁Tilt角度,摆角Warm-up暖炉(机,管)Total总的Washing water清洗水Tower塔Waterwall水冷壁Trip跳闸,停机windbox风箱Turbine汽轮机First out首出(原因)Unit单元Extraction抽取Unsuccessful不成功的DCS画面常用缩写词语1ST1级FRQ频率A报警FSH末级过热器ADS自动调度系统FSSS炉膛安全监测系统AGC自动发电机控制FW给水AH空气预热器FWP给水泵AS轴向位移GC高压调门控制ATC汽轮机自动控制GEN发电机AUTO自动GV(高压)调节汽门AUX辅助的BASE基本HAV暖通BCP炉水循环泵HDR联箱,集箱BD排污HP高压缸BF锅炉跟随HTR加热器BFP锅炉给水泵IC中压调门控制BMCR锅炉最大连续出力ID标志,标识BMP燃烧器管理系统IDF引风机BOP轴承油泵IMP冲动式(级)BP旁路INCR提高,增加BRG轴承INTERM定期,间断BTG锅炉-汽机-发电机IV中压调门C切换LL低低CAF冷却风机LDC负荷指令计算机CAMP控制+报警+监测+保护LOP顶轴油泵CCCW闭式循环冷却水Lp低压CCS协调控制系统LSH低温过热器CDSR凝汽器LUB润滑油COND凝结MANU手动(方式)CON连续的MCR最大连续出力COOR连续的MCS模拟量控制系统CORR校正,修正MEH小型汽轮机电液调节CRT显示器MFT主燃料失去保护CRH低温再热器MIN最小CSH包覆过热器MS主蒸汽CW循环水MW兆瓦D NO编号,第...号D.C直流NTPK无压水箱DAS数据采集系统O操作员DCS分散控制系统O2氧(量)DECR减少,降低OA操作员自动DEH数字电液转换OCCW开式循环冷却水DMD需求,要求OFA过燃风DPU分散处理单元OPC超速保护控制系统ECON省煤器P压力ED配电PAF一次风机EH电液PB按钮ELEC电的,电气的PC动力中心EOP紧急油泵PCV压力控制阀门EP电除尘器PD压差ETS紧急跳闸系统PID比例-积分-微分EXTR抽取PRESS压力F故障PREC除尘器FCB甩负荷PSH屏式过热器FDF送风机PULV磨煤机FRH末级再热器RSV快速降负荷RB快速返回S设定,设置RE差胀SAF密封风机REQ请求,要求SAH暖风器RGER再生式SCAF火检冷却风机RH再热器SCS顺序控制系统RPM转速单位SEP分割开的RSH顶棚过热器SH过热器RSM转子应力监测SOP密封油泵T允许的SRH第二级再热器TURB汽轮机STM蒸汽TC高压主汽门控制SUB HP次高压TD汽机负荷指令SV截止阀TE汽缸膨胀SYNCH同步,同期TEM温度SYS系统TF汽机跟随锅炉ULD机组负荷指令TK水箱UPS不间断电源TRG目标VLV阀TSI汽机本体监视系统W警告TURB SYNC汽机同期允许WRH墙式过热器TV主汽门Limit限制Inc增加Dec减少。

ansys单词读音及英汉对照大全

ansys单词读音及英汉对照大全

1、ANSYS12.1 Workbench ['wɜrk。

bentʃ]界面相关分析系统和组件说明【Analysis Systems】分析系统【Component Systems】组件系统【Custom Systems】自定义系统【Design Exploration】设计优化分析类型说明Electric (ANSYS) ANSYS电场分析Explicit Dynamics (ANSYS)ANSYS 显式动力学分析Fluid Flow (CFX)CFX流体分析Fluid Flow (Fluent) FLUENT流体分析Harmonic Response (ANSYS) ANSYS 谐响应分析Linear Buckling (ANSYS) ANSYS线性屈曲Magnetostatic (ANSYS)ANSYS 静磁场分析Modal (ANSYS)ANSYS 模态分析Random Vibration (ANSYS)ANSYS随机振动分析Response Spectrum (ANSYS)ANSYS 响应谱分析Shape Optimization (ANSYS) ANSYS形状优化分析Static Structural (ANSYS)ANSYS 结构静力分析Steady-State Thermal (ANSYS)ANSYS 稳态热分析Thermal—Electric (ANSYS) ANSYS 热电耦合分析Transient Structural(ANSYS)ANSYS结构瞬态分析Transient Structural(MBD)MBD 多体结构动力分析Transient Thermal(ANSYS) ANSYS瞬态热分析组件类型说明AUTODYN AUTODYN 非线性显式动力分析BladeGen 涡轮机械叶片设计工具CFX CFX高端流体分析工具Engineering Data 工程数据工具Explicit Dynamic(LS-DYNA)LS-DYNA 显式动力分析Finite Element Modeler FEM有限元模型工具FLUNET FLUNET流体分析Geometry 几何建模工具Mechanical APDL 机械APDL 命令Mechanical Model 机械分析模型Mesh 网格划分工具Results 结果后处理工具TurboGrid 涡轮叶栅通道网格生成工具Vista TF 叶片二维性能评估工具2、主菜单【File】文件操作【View】窗口显示【Tools】提供工具【Units】单位制【Help】帮助信息3、基本工具条【New】新建文件【Open】打开文件【Save】保存文件【Save As】另存为文件【Import】导入模型【Compact Mode】紧凑视图模式【Shade Exterior and Edges】轮廓线显示【Wireframe】线框显示【Ruler】显示标尺【Legend】显示图例【Triad】显示坐标图示【Expand All】展开结构树【Collapse Environments】折叠结构树【Collapse Models】折叠结构树中的Models项【Named Selections】命名工具条【Unit Conversion】单位转换工具【Messages:Messages】信息窗口【Simulation Wizard】向导【Graphics Annotations】注释【Section Planes】截面信息窗口【Reset Layout】重新安排界面4、建模【Geometry】几何模型【New Geometry】新建几何模型【Details View】详细信息窗口【Graphics】图形窗口:显示当前模型状态【Extrude】拉伸【Revolve】旋转【Sweep】扫掠【Skin/Loft】蒙皮【Thin/Surface】抽壳【Thin】创建薄壁实体【Surface】创建简化壳【Face to Remove】删除面:所选面将从体中删除。

多体系统动力学简介20081202

多体系统动力学简介20081202

多体系统动力学简介多体系统动力学研究对象——机构工程中的对象是由大量零部件构成的系统。

在对它们进行设计优化与性态分析时可以分成两大类一类为结构——正常工况下构件间没有相对运动(房屋建筑,桥梁等)——关心的是这些结构在受到载荷时的强度、刚度与稳定一类为机构——系统在运动过程中这些部件间存在相对运动(汽车,飞机起落架。

机器人等)——力学模型为多个物体通过运动副连接的系统,称为多体系统多体系统动力学俄研究的对象——机构(复杂机械系统)不考虑系统运动起因的情况下研究各部件的位置与姿态及其变化速度和加速度的关系典型案例:平面和空间机构的运动分析系统各部件间通过运动副与驱动装置连接在一起数学模型:各部件的位置与姿态坐标的非线性代数方程,以及速度与加速度的线性代数方程当系统受到静载荷时,确定在运动副制约下的系统平衡位置以及运动副静反力典型案例:机车或汽车中安装有大量的弹簧阻尼器,整车设计中必须考虑系统在静止状态下车身的位置与姿态,为平稳性与操纵稳定性的研究打下基础数学模型:非线性微分代数方程组讨论载荷和系统运动的关系研究复杂机械系统在载荷作用下各部件的动力学响应是工程设计中的重要问题动力学正问题——已知外力求系统运动的问题动力学逆问题——已知系统运动确定运动副的动反力,是系统各部件强度分析的基础动力学正逆混合问题——系统的某部分构件受控,当它们按照某已知规律运动时,讨论在外载荷作用下系统其他构件如何运动数学模型:非线性微分代数方程组机械系统的多体系统力学模型在对复杂机械系统进行运动学与动力学分析前需要建立它的多体系统力学模型。

对系统如下四要素进行定义:•物体•铰链•外力(偶)•力元实际工程中的机械系统多体系统力学模型的定义取决于研究的目的模型定义的要点是以能揭示系统运动学与动力学性态的最简模型为优性态分析的求解规模与力学模型的物体与铰的个数有关物体——定义多体系统中的构件定义为物体多体系统力学模型中物体的定义并不一定与具体工程对象的零部件一一对应。

内燃机配气机构多体动力学仿真及分析

内燃机配气机构多体动力学仿真及分析

内燃机配气机构多体动力学仿真及分析田运峰;郑明军;吴文江【摘要】通过对内燃机配气机构多体动力学模型的建立,并对其进行动力学仿真及分析,验证了模型的可靠性,可以准确描述配气机构的实际工作情况。

分析得到气门的位移、速度及加速度时间曲线和挺柱等零件所受作用力的时间历程。

通过研究整个配气系统的运动规律和动力学特征,为配气机构后续进行系统优化以及配气机构的自主开发提供了可靠的依据。

%In the paper established is a multi-body dynamic model of the valve train of the internal combustion engine, with which a series of dynamic simulation and analyses is carried out,the reliability of which is tested and which may be used to ex- actly describe the actual working conditions of the valve train of the engine. The results of the analyses may show the displace- ment of the valve train, the velocity and acceleration time curves and the loading-time process of the main parts of the valve train under the action of applied forces, such as the tappet. The study of the movement law and dynamic characteristics of the whole valve train provides a reliable basis for the following optimization of the valve system and developing the valve train of the en- gine on our own.【期刊名称】《国防交通工程与技术》【年(卷),期】2012(010)005【总页数】4页(P42-45)【关键词】内燃机;配气机构;动力学;虚拟仿真;气门;挺柱【作者】田运峰;郑明军;吴文江【作者单位】石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北石家庄050043;石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北石家庄050043;石家庄铁道大学工程训练中心,河北石家庄050043【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TK403配气机构作为内燃机的重要组成部分被称为三大机构之一,其工作原理为:根据气缸点火次序,按照一定的时间规律关闭和开启进排气门,实现内燃机的换气过程。

结构动力学专业英语词汇

结构动力学专业英语词汇

accelerometer 加速度计amplitude 振幅amplitude function 振幅函数analytic function 解析函数artificial earthquake 人工地震autocorrelation 自相关average 平均值axial force 轴向力axial force wave 轴力波band limited white noise 有限带宽白噪声band width method 带宽法bar diagram 条形图base moment 基底力矩base shear 基底剪力beating 拍bilinear 双线性blast 冲击波body wave 体波boundary condition 边界条件buckling load 屈曲荷载central limit theorem 中心极限定理chain structure 链式结构change of variable 更换变量characteristic value 特征值combined generalized stiffness 联合广义刚度combined stiffness matrix 联合刚度矩阵complex-frequency-response function 复频率反应函数conditional probability 条件概率conditionally stable 有条件稳定consistant geometric stiffness 一致几何刚度consistant mass matrix 一致质量矩阵consistant nodal load 一致节点荷载contour integration 围道积分contribution 贡献convolution integral 卷积公式coordinate transformation 坐标转换core 地核correlation 相关性correlation coefficient 相关系数coupled 耦合的coupling term 耦合项covariance 协方差covariance functioncovariance matrixcritical damping 临界阻尼cross correlation function 互相关函数cross-spectral density function 交叉谱密度函数crustal plate 地壳板块curvature 曲率damped mode 阻尼振型damper 阻尼器damping 阻尼damping coupling 阻尼耦合damping influence coefficient 阻尼影响系数damping matrixdamping modulus 阻尼模量damping ratiodashpot 缓冲器dead load decouplingdegree of freedomdesign earthquakedeterministicdiffusion equationdilatation wave 伸缩波direct iteration 正迭代direct stiffness method 直接刚度法discrete Fourier transform 离散傅里叶变换discretization 离散化discrete-parameter system 离散参数系统displacement meter 位移计displacement shape 位移形式divergent solution 发散解double pendulum 双摆drift of storey 层间侧移ductility factor 延性系数ductility ratio 延性比dummy variable 虚变量duration 持续时间dynamic load 动力荷载dynamic matrix 动力矩阵dynamic stiffness 动力刚度earthquake engineering 地震工程earthquake excitation factor 地震干扰因子earthquake focus 震源earthquake intensity 地震烈度earthquake waves 地震波effective load 等效荷载effective shear area 有效剪切面积effective stiffness 等效刚度eigen problem 特征问题eigenvalue 特征值eigenvalue-economizer procedure 特征值缩减程序elastic rebound 弹性回弹energy loss mechanism 能量耗散机理ensemble 总体ensemble averageenvelope 保线epicenter 震中equal-probability contour 等概率曲线equation of motion 运动方程equivalent viscous dampe 等效粘滞阻尼ergodic process 遍历性过程expected time 期望时间explicit damping matrix 显阻尼矩阵explosion 爆炸extreme value 极值extreme value response 极值反应fast Fourier transform 快速傅里叶变换fatigue prediction 疲劳预估fault 断层field matrix 场矩阵filtered white noise 过滤白噪声filter transfor function 过滤转换函数finite element 有限单元flexibility 柔度flexibility influence coefficient柔度影响系数flexibility matrix 柔度矩阵forward reduction 正消free-field motion 自由场地运动frequency frequency domain 频域frequency equation 频率方程frequency of occurrence 出现频率game of chance 机会对策generalized coordinate 广义坐标generalized damping 广义阻尼generalized forcing function 广义力函数generalized geometric stiffness 广义几何刚度generalized load 广义荷载generalized mass 广义质量generalized stiffnessgeometric stiffness coefficient 几何刚度系数geometic stiffness matrix 几何刚度矩阵global –coordinate system 整体坐标系half-power method 半功率法harmonic amplitude function 调幅函数harmonic loading 谐振荷载harmonics 谐波hypocenter 震源hysteresis loop 滞变曲线hysteresis dampingimpulse 脉冲impulse-length ratio 冲击长度比impulsive loadingincident wave 入射波influence vector 影响向量informationinitial conditioninput processintensity function 强度函数intensity of earthquake 地震烈度interpolation function 差值函数inverse analysis反演分析inverse iteration 逆迭代inverse relation isolation effectiveness 隔震效率isometric view 等距投影图isoseismal map 等震线图iteration with shafts 带有位移的迭代jointjoint probability density function 联合概率密度函数kinetic energy 动能left-hand eigenvector 左特征向量linear accumulative damage criterion 线性累积损伤准则linear transformation 线性变换link 连杆loading history 荷载时程logarithmic decrement 对数衰减率lumped mass 集中质量magnification factor 放大系数magnitude of earthquake 地震震级mantle地幔marginal probability 边缘概率mass 质量mass coefficient 质量系数mass coupling 质量耦合mass influence coefficient质量系数mass matrix 质量矩阵mass moment of inertia 质量惯距matrix iteration 矩阵迭代maxima 极大mean extreme value 平均极值mean square response 均方反应mean square value 均方值mean value 均值minima 极小mode amplitude 振型幅值mode of vibration 振型mode shape 振型形式mode superposition 振型叠加most probable value 最可能值multi-degree of freedom 多自由度multiplier 乘子multivariate probability density function 多元概率密度函数narrow-band process 窄频带过程narrow-band system 窄频带体系neutral stability随遇平衡nodal point 节点nondeterministic 非数定的nonergodic process 非遍历性过程nonsingular matrix 非奇异矩阵nonstationay process 非平稳过程nontrivial solution 非平凡解nonuniform beam 变截面梁normal coordinate 正规坐标normal distribution 正态分布normalization factor 规格化因子normalize 规格化orthogonality relationship 正交关系orthonormal 正交规格化output process 输出过程overdamped system 超阻尼体系overstress 超限应力peak response 峰值反应permanent set 残余变形phase angle 相变角point matrix 点矩阵positive definite matrix 正定矩阵potential energy 位能power spedtrum 功率谱power spectral density function 功率谱密度函数predominant frequency 卓越频率prescribed dynamic loading 非随机动荷载principal variance 主方差probability distribution function 功率谱密度函数probability function 概率函数probable period 或然周期pseudostatic 拟静力pseudo-velocity 拟速度purified vector 净化向量quadratic form 二次型radius of gyration 回转半径random dynamic loading 随机动荷载random process 随机过程random variable 随机变量random vibration 随机震动random walk 随机走动reduced equation 约化方程reduced potential energy 约化位能reflected wave 反射波reflection 反射refracted wave 折射波refraction 折射residual 余量resonance 共振response 反应response history 反应时程response spectra 反应谱response spectrum 反应谱response spectrum intensity 反应谱烈度return period 重现期right hand eigenvector 右特征向量root sum square method 平方和的开方的方法rotational inertia 转动惯量rotatory moment of inertia 转动惯量sampled value 样本值sampled waveform 样本波形sampling pair 样本对scatter diagram 散布图secant damping 割线阻尼secant stiffness 割线刚度seismicity 地震活动seismology 地震学shape function 形状函数shear building 剪切型建筑shear wave 剪切波shifted matrix 被移位矩阵shift 移位shock load 震动荷载shock spectra 震动谱simple degree of freedom 单自由度simple haimonic 简谐的simple pendulum 单摆simple summation 简单求和法simultaneous iteration 同时迭代single random variable 单随机变量stability matrix 稳定矩阵standard deviation 标准差state vector 状态向量static condensation 静力凝聚static displacement influence function 静力位移影响函数stationary process 平稳过程statistically dependent 统计相关statistically independent 统计无关steady state response 稳态反应step by step integration procedure 逐步积分法step length 步长step loading 单阶荷载stiffness 刚度stiffness degrating model 刚度退化模型stiff influence coefficient 刚度影响系数stiffness matrix 刚度矩阵stochastic response 随机反应stochastic process 随机过程strength ratio 强度比sub-increment 子增量subspace iteration 子空间迭代subsidiary fault 分枝断层sweeping matrix 淘汰矩阵tangent damping 切线阻尼tangent stiffnesstectonic process 构造运动time averagetime domain 时域time varying 随时间变化的transfer function 转换函数、传递函数transfer matrix 传递矩阵transform 变换transform pair 变换对transient response 瞬态反应transmissibility 传导比trapezoidal 梯形法则trial-and-error method 试错法trial vector 试探向量trivial solution 平凡解uncoupled 非耦合的underdamped system 低阻尼系统uniform beam 等截面梁unit complex forcing function 单位复抗力函数unit impulse response function 单位脉冲反应函数variance 方差vibrationvibration isolation 隔振viscous damping 粘滞阻尼waveformwave front 波前wave propagationweighting factor 加权系数whiplash effect 鞭梢效应white noise。

ADAMS

ADAMS

ADAMS简介ADAMS,即机械系统动力学自动分析(Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems),该软件是美国MDI公司(Mechanical Dynamics Inc.)开发的虚拟样机分析软件。

目前,ADAMS已经被全世界各行各业的数百家主要制造商采用。

根据199 9年机械系统动态仿真分析软件国际市场份额的统计资料,ADAMS软件销售总额近八千万美元、占据了51%的份额,现已经并入美国MSC公司。

软件应用ADAMS软件使用交互式图形环境和零件库、约束库、力库,创建完全参数化的机械系统几何模型,其求解器采用多刚体系统动力学理论中的拉格郎日方程方法,建立系统动力学方程,对虚拟机械系统进行静力学、运动学和动力学分析,输出位移、速度、加速度和反作用力曲线。

ADAMS软件的仿真可用于预测机械系统的性能、运动范围、碰撞检测、峰值载荷以及计算有限元的输入载荷等。

ADAMS一方面是虚拟样机分析的应用软件,用户可以运用该软件非常方便地对虚拟机械系统进行静力学、运动学和动力学分析。

另一方面,又是虚拟样机分析开发工具,其开放性的程序结构和多种接口,可以成为特殊行业用户进行特殊类型虚拟样机分析的二次开发工具平台。

ADAMS软件有两种操作系统的版本:UNIX版和Wind ows NT/2000版。

在这里将以Windows 2000版的ADAMS l2.0为蓝本进行介绍。

ADAMS软件模块ADAMS软件由基本模块、扩展模块、接口模块、专业领域模块及工具箱5类模块组成,如表3-1所示。

用户不仅可以采用通用模块对一般的机械系统进行仿真,而且可以采用专用模块针对特定工业应用领域的问题进行快速有效的建模与仿真分析。

基本模块用户界面模块ADAMS/View求解器模块ADAMS/Solver后处理模块ADAMS/PostProcessor扩展模块液压系统模块ADAMS/Hydraulics振动分析模块ADAMS/Vibration线性化分析模块ADAMS/Linear高速动画模块ADAMS/Animation试验设计与分析模块ADAMS/Insight耐久性分析模块ADAMS/Durability数字化装配回放模块ADAMS/DMU Replay接口模块柔性分析模块ADAMS/Flex控制模块ADAMS/Controls图形接口模块ADAMS/ExchangeCATIA专业接口模块CAT/ADAMSPro/E接口模块Mechanical/Pro专业领域模块轿车模块ADAMS/Car悬架设计软件包Suspension Design概念化悬架模块CSM驾驶员模块ADAMS/Driver动力传动系统模块ADAMS/Driveline轮胎模块ADAMS/Tire柔性环轮胎模块FTire Module柔性体生成器模块ADAMS/FBG经验动力学模型EDM发动机设计模块ADAMS/Engine配气机构模块ADAMS/Engine Valvetrain正时链模块ADAMS/Engine Chain附件驱动模块Accessory Drive Module铁路车辆模块ADAMS/RailFORD汽车公司专用汽车模块ADAMS/Pre(现改名为Chassis)工具箱软件开发工具包ADAMS/SDK虚拟试验工具箱Virtual Test Lab虚拟试验模态分析工具箱Virtual Experiment Modal Analysis钢板弹簧工具箱Leafspring Toolkit飞机起落架工具箱ADAMS/Landing Gear履带/轮胎式车辆工具箱Tracked/Wheeled Vehicle齿轮传动工具箱ADAMS/Gear ToolAdamsAdams是全球运用最为广泛的机械系统仿真软件,用户可以利用Adams在计算机上建立和测试虚拟样机,实现事实再现仿真,了解复杂机械系统设计的运动性能。

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Article ID:100420579(2000)0420375205Multibody System Dynamics Analysis for V alve T rainsQ IN Wen2jie, ZUO Zheng2xing(School of Vehicle and Trans portation Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing100081)Abstract:The theory of multibody system dynamics is used to simulate valve trains’kinematicsand dynamics characteristics,and the methods of establishing and analyzing the multibody sys2tem dynamics model for valve trains are discussed.Since most of the flexible bodies of a valvetrain are slender parts,the finite segment method is used to build their models.Other parts suchas cams,valve heads etc.,are built as rigid bodies.After applying the constraints,forces andmotions,the establishing of the whole system is accomplished,and the Lagrange’s multipliermethod can be used to obtain its dynamics constitutive equations.As an example,a valve trainπsmultibody system model of4100QB engine made by the Yunnan Internal Combustion EngineLimited2Liability Company is established,and the analysis results obtained show that its work2ing performance is generally good except that the air2pass ability and the lubrication effect of thecam and the tappet have to be improved.K ey w ords:valve train;multibody system;dynamicsC LC number:T K4 Document code:AValve trains are broadly used to control the induction and exhaust of four2stroke engines. They are usually designed as rigid systems,in which valves’movements are completely controlled by the cam’s profiles.In fact,a valve train is an elastic system and the valve’s motion will devi2 ate from the theoretical result derived from the kinematics analysis due to the effect of the inertia and the elastic vibration.Thus the separation in the mechanism will occur and this will make its working conditions worse[1].With the improvement of engine’s speed,these dynamics problems become more and more significant.Therefore,the valve train’s dynamics characteristics must be checked.Usually a valve train is considered as a single2mass or multi2mass vibration system in the dy2 namic analysis[2].But this method cannot reflect the parts’movement and deformation directly, and the model’s parameters must be derived from experiments or other analysis.This will in2 crease the difficulties of model establishment and influence the calculation’s explicitness.Multi2 body system dynamics is a new science which studies the mechanics properties of the system com2 posed of flexible bodies and rigid bodies during the large span spatial movements.According to such a structure2mechanism system as a valve train,using it can not only simulate the motions andR eceived d ate:2000206212Biography:QIN Wen2jie(1968-),female,lecturer,master.dynamics properties of the system,but also calculate the loads of each part,which can be provid2 ed for part’s structure analysis and design.1 V alve T rain’s Multibody System Model EstablishmentThe process of model establishment can be divided into two stages.The first is to build the single valve train’s model for the calculation of valve’s motion and optimization of cam’s profile. The second is to build the whole valve train’s model for the torsion dynamics analysis of the camshaft.However,the establishment of single valve train’s model is the basis for all these anal2 yses,and its method is discussed as follows.111 Establishing Parts’ModelsIf a part’s deformation is not taken into account,it is called a rigid body.If the deformation of a part must be calculated,it is called a flexible body.If just a part’s translation must be calcu2 lated and its rotation is ignored,it can be simplified as a point mass.It is relatively simple to es2 tablish the model of a rigid body or a point mass,so only the method of establishing the flexible body model is discussed here.During the establishment of a flexible body’s model,the finite element method is usually used as preprocessing to obtain mode shapes.By using the relative description method,a part’s motion can be divided into the global reference frame’s large displacement and rotation and its de2 formation motion which is definite with respect to the moving reference frame and can be approxi2 mated with a linear combination of mode shapes[3].Most of the flexible parts of a valve train are slender parts such as rods(tappets,radius rods and valve stems)and beams(camshafts and rocker shafts),so the finite segment method is a sim2 ple and effective way to establish models of this kind of part.The thought of this method is to di2 vide a rod or beam into several rigid segments which are linked with flexible connectors.For a uniform cross2section rod,since only the axial stiffness is concerned,a spring2damper can be added to the two ends of each segment and its stiffness value is[4]k=2A E/L,(1) where A is the uniform area of the rod’s cross section;E is the Y oung’s modulus of elasticity for the material;L is the length of the rod segment.For a uniform beam,the constitutive equation of the flexible connector on each end of the segment is[5]Q=-Kδ-Cδ・,(2) where Q,δ,δ・are the force,displacement and velocity vectors respectively in the local coordinate system;K and C are the stiffness and damper matrix.Both of them are symmetric.According to the theory of Timoshenko Beams,concerning the effect of cross2section rotation and shearing,K can be defined as[5]K =EA /L 00000012EI zL 3(1+P y )000-6EI z L 2(1+P y )0012EI yL 3(1+P z )06EI y L 2(1+P z )0000GI x L 00006EI yL 2(1+P z )0(4+P z )EI y L (1+P z )00-6EI zL 2(1+P y )000(4+P y )EI zL (1+P y ),where A is the uniform area of the beam ’s cross section ;L is the length of the beam segment ;P y =12EIz A y /(GA L 2);P z =12EI y A z /(GAL 2);G is the shear modulus.A y is the shear arearatio for shear deflection in the y direction.A zis the shear area ratio for shear deflection in the z direction.112 Applying Constraints ,Forces and MotionsThere are revolute joints ,translational joints ,fixed joints ,point 2to 2curve contacts and curve 2to 2curve contacts in a valve train.The revolute joints and translational joints can either be simply idealized joints or be joints with friction.The main forces in a valve train are the valve s pring force and gas pressure applied to the valve head.The gas pressure is usually ignored because its small effect on the mechanism.The valve spring can be defined as the linear spring 2damper ,non 2linear spring 2damper or multi 2mass spring.The motion is just the rotation of the camshaft.2 Constitutive Equations of Multibody System DynamicsUsing the Lagrange ’s equation ,the dynamics equation of each part can be described in the form of the blocking matrix as [3]M rrM r θM rf M rθM θθM θf M rf M θf R ff ¨r θ・q f +00000000K ff r θq f =Q r Q θQ f +Q vr Q v θQ vf ,(3)where M is the part ’s mass matrix ;r and ¨r are the location vector and acceleration of the moving reference frame respectively ;θis the Euler angles which describe the orientation of the moving reference frame ;and θ・is its derivative with respect to the time ;q f is the generalized coordinates to describe the deformation of the moving reference frame ;Q is the generalized force vector with respect to the active forces ;Q v is the generalized force vector relative to the second power of the velocity.The subscripts r ,θand f represent the translation ,rotation and deformation res pective 2ly.Apparently ,if a part ’s deformation is not taken into account ,i.e.q f =0, q f =0,¨q f =0,the dynamics equations for rigid bodies are obtained.QIN Wen 2jie et al./M ultibody System Dynamics A nalysis f or V alve T rainsAssembling the parts together by applying the constraint functions and using the Lagrange πs multiplier method ,the system πs dynamics constitutive equations and constraint functions are ob 2tained as [3]M ¨q +Kq +C T q λ=Q F +Q v , C (q ,t )=0.(4)In Eq.(4),the mass matrix M =diag [M 1,M 2,…,M n ];the stiffness matrix K =diag[K 1,K 2,…,K n ];the constraint ’s Jacobian matrix C T q =[C T 1,C T 2,…,C T m ]T ;the generalizedforces Q F =[Q F1,Q F2,…,Q F n ]T ,Q v =[Q v1,Q v2,…,Q v n ]T ;the generalized coordinate vectors q =[q T 1,q T 2,…,q T n ]T ;the Lagrange ’s multipliers λ=[λ1,λ2,…,λm ]Tin which n is the num 2ber of parts ,m is the number of constraints and t is the time.3 ExampleIn order to verify the design of the valve train of 4100QB engine made by Yunnan Internal Combustion Engine Limited 2Liability Company ,the single valve train ’s multibody system model is established using the mechanical system simulation software ADAMS as Fig.1,and the follow 2ing are some of theresults.Fig.1 The valve train ’s multibody system modelThe valve ’s displacement ,velocity and acceleration results under the camshaft ’s lowand Fig.2 The valve ’s displacement ,velocity and acceleration curveshigh rotation speed are shown in Fig.2.The contact forces and stresses of the cam 2tappet and the rocker 2valve under the engine ’s rated rotational speed are shown as Fig.3and Fig.4.Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology ,2000,Vol.9,No .4Fig.3 The cam 2tappet contact force and stress curves Fig.4 The rocker 2valve contact force and stress curvesThe figures show that there is no separation occurring in the mechanism ,and the velocity with which the valve drops to the seat and the contact stresses are less than the permissible val 2ues.These results indicate that the working performance of this valve train is generally good.From the valve ’s motion results ,the ample factor of the valve lift and the lubrication charac 2teristics coefficient of the cam and tappet can be calculated.The ample factor is equal to 01502and the derivative of the lubrication characteristics coefficient with res pect to the cam rotation an 2gle at the zero point is less than 3mm/(°).These results show that the air 2pass ability and the lu 2brication effect are not very good ,so it is essential to optimize the cam ’s profile.R eferences :[1] Xu Wu.Modern design of vehicle engines (in Chinese )[M ].Beijing :People ’s CommunicationsPublishing House ,1995.[2] Li Huizhen ,Yuan Zhaochen ,Le Yunbing ,et al.Development of valve cam design[J ].ChineseInternal Combustion Engine Engineering (in Chinese ),1989,10(1):32-37.[3] Lu Y oufang.Dynamics of flexible multibody systems (in Chinese )[M ].Beijing :Higher Educa 2tion Publishing House ,1996.[4] Huston R L ,Liu Y ouwu.Dynamics of multibody system (in Chinese )[M ].Tianjing :TianjingUniversity Press ,1987.[5] Oden J T ,Ripperger E A.Mechanics of elastic structure[M ].New Y ork :Mc Graw 2Hill ,1981.配气机构的多体系统动力学分析覃文洁, 左正兴(北京理工大学车辆与交通工程学院,北京 100081)摘 要:运用多体系统动力学的原理来模拟配气机构的运动学和动力学特性,讨论了配气机构多体系统动力学建模和分析的方法.由于配气机构中的柔体多是细长零件,可采用有限段的方法建立其模型,其它零件如凸轮、气门头等视为刚体,再施加上约束、力和运动激励之后即完成了整个系统模型的建立.其动力学方程可采用拉格朗日乘子法建立.作为一个应用实例,对云南内燃机股份有限公司生产的4100QB 发动机的配气机构进行了建模分析,结果表明该机构的运行情况良好,但气门的通过能力以及凸轮2挺柱副的润滑效果有待进一步提高.关键词:配气机构;多体系统;动力学QIN Wen 2jie et al./M ultibody System Dynamics A nalysis f or V alve T rains。

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