Excerpts from the General Prologue of The Canterbury坎特伯雷故事集总序

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ExcerptsfromTheFeminineMystique（1963）Betty…

Excerpts from The Feminine Mystique (1963)1Betty FriedanThe problem lay buried, unspoken, for many years in the minds of American women. It was a strange stirring, a sense of dissatisfaction, a yearning that women suffered in the middle of the twentieth century in the United States. Each suburban wife struggled with it alone. As she made the beds, shopped for groceries, matched slipcover material, ate peanut butter sandwiches with her children, chauffeured Cub Scouts and Brownies, lay beside her husband at night—she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question—Is this all?"For over fifteen years there was no word of this yearning in the millions of words written about women, for women, in all the columns, books and articles by experts telling women their role was to seek fulfillment as wives and mothers. Over and over women heard in voices of tradition and of Freudian sophistication that they could desire no greater destiny than to glory in their own femininity. Experts told them how to catch a man and keep him, how to breastfeed children and handle their toilet training, how to cope with sibling rivalry and adolescent rebellion; how to buy a dishwasher, bake bread, cook gourmet snails, and build a swimming pool with their own hands; how to dress, look, and act more feminine and make marriage more exciting; how to keep their husbands from dying young and their sons from growing into delinquents. They were taught to pity the neurotic, unfeminine, unhappy women who wanted to be poets or physicists or presidents. They learned that truly feminine women do not want careers, higher education, political rights—the independence and the opportunities that the old-fashioned feminists fought for. Some women, in their forties and fifties, still remembered painfully giving up those dreams, but more of the younger women no longer thought about them. A thousand expert voices applauded their femininity, their adjustment, their new maturity. All they had to do was devote their lives from earliest girlhood to finding a husband and bearing children.By the end of the nineteen-fifties, the average marriage age of women in America dropped to 20, and was still dropping, into the teens. Fourteen million girls were engaged by 17. The proportion of women attending college in comparison with men dropping from 47 per cent in 1920 to 35 per cent in 1958. A century earlier, women had fought for higher education, now girls went to college to get a husband. By the mid-fifties, 60 per cent dropped out of college to marry, or because they were afraid too much education would be a marriage bar. Colleges built dormitories for "married students," but the students were almost always the husbands. A new degree was instituted for the wives—"Ph.T." (Putting Husband Through)....By the end of the fifties, the United States birthrate was overtaking India's. The birth-control movement, renamed Planned Parenthood, was asked to find a method whereby women who had been advised that a third or fourth baby would be born dead or defective might have it anyhow. Statisticians were especially astounded at the fantastic increase in the number of babies among college women. Where once they had two children, now they had four, five, six. Women who had once wanted careers were now making careers out of having babies. So rejoiced Life magazine in a 1956 paean to the movement of American women back to the home.1 Betty Friedan, "The Feminine Mystique," in Peter B. Levy, ed., 100 Key Documents in American Democracy (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1994), 431-436.In a New York hospital, a woman had a nervous breakdown when she found she could not breastfeed her baby. In other hospitals, women dying of cancer refused a drug which research had proved might save their lives: its side effects were said to be unfeminine. "If I have only one life, let me live it as a blonde, " a larger-than-life-sized picture of a pretty, vacuous woman proclaimed from newspaper, magazine, and drugstore ads. And across America, three out of every ten women dyed their hair blonde. They ate a chalk called Metrecal, instead of food, to shrink to the size of the thin young models. Department-store buyers reported that American women, since 1939, had become three and four sizes smaller. "Women are out to fit the clothes, instead of vice-versa," one buyer said.Interior decorators were designing kitchens with mosaic murals and original paintings, for kitchens were once again the center of women's lives. Home sewing became a million-dollar industry. Many women no longer left their homes, except to shop, chauffeur their children, or attend a social engagement with their husbands. Girls were growing up in America without ever having jobs outside the home. In the late fifties, a sociological phenomenon was suddenly remarked: a third of American women now worked, but most were no longer young and very few were pursuing careers. They were married women who held part-time jobs, selling or secretarial, to put their husbands through school, their sons through college, or to help pay the mortgage. Or they were widows supporting families. Fewer and fewer women were entering professional work. The shortages in the nursing, social work, and teaching professions caused crises in almost every American city. Concerned over the Soviet Union's lead in the space race, scientists noted that America's greatest source of unused brain-power was women. But girls would not study physics: it was "unfeminine." A girl refused a science fellowship at Johns Hopkins to take a job in a real-estate office. All she wanted, she said, was what every other American girl wanted—to get married, have four children and live in a nice house in a nice suburb.The suburban housewife—she was the dream image of the young American women and the envy, it was said, of women all over the world. The American housewife—freed by science and labor-saving appliances from the drudgery, the dangers of childbirth and the illnesses of her grandmother. She was healthy, beautiful, educated, concerned only about her husband, her children, her home. She had found true feminine fulfillment. As a housewife and mother, she was respected as a full and equal partner to man in his world. She was free to choose automobiles, clothes, appliances, supermarkets; she had everything that women ever dreamed of.In the fifteen years after World War II, this mystique of feminine fulfillment became the cherished and self-perpetuating core of contemporary American culture. Millions of women lived their lives in the image of those pretty pictures of the American suburban housewife, kissing their husbands goodbye in front of the picture window, depositing their stationwagonsful of children at school, and smiling as they ran the new electric waxer over the spotless kitchen floor. They baked their own bread, sewed their own and their children's clothes, kept their new washing machines and dryers running all day. They changed the sheets on the beds twice a week instead of once, took the rug-hooking class in adult education, and pitied their poor frustrated mothers, who had dreamed of having a career. Their only dream was to be perfect wives and mothers; their highest ambition to have five children and a beautiful house, their only fight to get and keep their husbands. They had no thought for the unfeminine problems of the world outside the home; they wanted the men to make the major decisions. They gloried in their role as women, and wrote proudly on the census blank: "Occupation: housewife."...If the woman had a problem in the 1950's and 1960's, she knew that something must be wrong with her marriage, or with herself. Other women were satisfied with their lives, she thought. What kind of a woman was she if she did not feel this mysterious fulfillment waxing the kitchen floor? She was so ashamed to admit her dissatisfaction that she never knew how many other women shared it....But on an April morning in 1959, I heard a mother of four, having coffee with four other mothers in a suburban development fifteen miles from New York, say in a tone of quiet desperation, "the problem." And the others knew, without words, that she was not talking about a problem with her husband, or her children, or her home. Suddenly they realized they all shared the same problem, the problem that has no name. They began, hesitantly, to talk about it. Later, after they had picked up their children at nursery school and taken them home to nap, two of the women cried, in sheer relief, just to know they were not alone.Gradually I came to realize that the problem that has no name was shared by countless women in America. As a magazine writer I often interviewed women about problems with their children, or their marriages, or their houses, or their communities. But after a while I began to recognize the telltale signs of this other problem. I saw the same signs in suburban ranch houses and split-levels on Long Island and in New Jersey and Westchester County; in colonial houses in a small Massachusetts town; on patios in Memphis; in surburban and city apartments; in living rooms in the Midwest. Sometimes I sensed the problem, not as a reporter, but as a suburban housewife, for during this time I was also bringing up my own three children in Rockland County, New York. I heard echoes of the problem in college dormitories and semi-private maternity wards, at PTA meetings and luncheons of the League of Women Voters, at suburban cocktail parties, in station wagons waiting for trains, and in snatches of conversation overheard at Schrafft's. The groping words I heard from other women, on quiet afternoons when children were at school or on quiet evenings when husbands worked late, I think I understood first as a woman long before I understood their larger social and psychological implications.Just what was this problem that has no name? What were the words women used when they tried to express it? Sometimes a woman would say "I feel empty somehow ... incomplete." Or she would say, "I feel as if I don't exist.Sometimes she blotted out the feeling with a tranquilizer....It is no longer possible to ignore that voice, to dismiss the desperation of so many American women. This is not what being a woman means, no matter what the experts say. For human suffering there is a reason; perhaps the reason has not been found because the right questions have not been asked, or pressed far enough. I do not accept the answer that there is no problem because American women have luxuries that women in other times and lands never dreamed of; part of the strange newness of the problem is that it cannot be understood in terms of the age-old material problems of man: poverty, sickness, hunger, cold. The women who suffer this problem have a hunger that food cannot fill. It persists in women whose husbands are struggling interns and law clerks, or prosperous doctors and lawyers; in wives of workers and executives who make $5,000 a year or $50,000. It is not caused by lack of material advantages; it may not even be felt by women preoccupied with desperate problems of hunger, poverty or illness. And women who think it will be solved by more money, a bigger house, a second car, moving to a better suburb, often discover it gets worse.It is no longer possible today to blame the problem on loss of femininity: to say that education and independence and equality with men have made American women unfeminine. Ihave heard so many women try to deny this dissatisfied voice within themselves because it does not fit the pretty picture of femininity the experts have given them. I think, in fact, that this is the first clue to the mystery: the problem cannot be understood in the generally accepted terms by which scientists have studied women, doctors have treated them, counselors have advised them, and writers have written about them. Women who suffer this problem, in whom this voice is stirring, have lived their whole lives in the pursuit of feminine fulfillment. They are not career women (although career women may have other problems); they are women whose greatest ambition has been marriage and children. For the oldest of these women, these daughters of the American middle class, no other dream was possible. The ones in their forties and fifties who once had other dreams gave them up and threw themselves joyously into life as housewives. For the youngest, the new wives and mothers, this was the only dream. They are the ones who quit high school and college to marry, or marked time in some job in which they had no real interest until they married. These women are very "feminine" in the usual sense, and yet they still suffer the problem....If I am right, the problem that has no name stirring in the minds of so many American women today is not a matter of loss of femininity or too much education, or the demands of domesticity. It is far more important than anyone recognizes. It is the key to these other new and old problems which have been torturing women and their husbands and children, and puzzling their doctors and educators for years. It may well be the key to our future as a nation and a culture. We can no longer ignore that voice within women that says: "I want something more than my husband and my children and my home."。

the poetry of architecture(excerpt) 翻译

2 To the illustration of the department of this noble science which may be designated The Poetry of Architecture, this and some future articles will be dedicated. It is this peculiarity of the art which constitutes its nationality;And it will be found as interesting as it is useful, to trace in the distinctive characters of the architecture of nations, not only its adaptation to the situation and climate in which it has arisen, but its strong similarity to, and connection with, the prevailing turn of mind by which the nation who first employed it is distinguished.对这一高尚科学进行说明的文本及今后要写的一些文章都将收入进我暂命名为《建筑之诗意》一书中。

正是这一艺术特性构成了它的民族性。

建筑不仅与其周围的环境和气候相适应，也与率先采用这种风格的民族的主流性情极其相似，密切关联，这些都可以从各民族的建筑特征中得以追溯，我们会发现，这种追溯既有益，亦有趣。

3 I consider the task I have imposed upon myself the more necessary, because this department of the science, perhaps regarded by some who have no ideas beyond stone and mortar as chimerical, and by others who think nothing necessary but truth and proportion as useless, is at a miserably low ebb in England.And what is the consequence?We have Corinthian columns placed beside pilasters of no order at all, surmounted by monstrosified pepper-boxes, Gothic in form and Grecian in detail, in a building nominally and peculiarly “National”; we have Swiss cottages, falsely and calumniously so entitled, dropped in the brick-fields round the metropolis; and we have staring square-windowed, flat-roofed gentlemen’s seat, of the lath and plaster, mock-magnificent, Regent’t park description, rising on the woody promontor ies of Derwent Water.在我看来，赋予自己这项任务显得尤为重要，因为这门科学在英国正处于可悲的低谷之中：在那些只知石头和砂浆的人看来，它是虚妄幻想；在那些满脑袋只有事实和比例的人看来，它毫无用处。

2021年新概念英语第四册多项选择题

公寄社屁尖阻仟古廷哂囂及膨過謹・僉夲籾酔栖匯軟僥楼杏・和中祥才寄社・栖仞匯和杏。

仟古廷哂囂及膨過謹・僉夲籾The sporting spiritMultiple choice questions 謹・僉夲籾Choose the correct answers to the following questions.Comprehension 尖盾1・The writer questions the assumption that ______.a.people enjoy sportb.there are general principles governing sportc.sport makes war less likelyd.sport is enjoyed by common people2・According to the writer, the only purpose of competitive games is_______.a.beating your opponentb.getting plenty of exercisesc.having fund.doing your best3・A competitive sportsman is likely to feel _____ if he loses.a.patriotismb.savagec.shamed.even more competitive4・At the international level _____.a.the players are at war with each otherb.the spectators take part in the sporting contestsc.nations appear to be at war with one anotherd.sport brings out the best qualities in a nationStructure 鞘侏1・If only ______ possible for the common peoples tomeet eachother.(11-2)a.it would beb.it could bec.it wered.it might be2・You play ______ win.(6)a.in order tob.in order thatc.so thad.for3・The village green is the _____ you pick sides.(7)a.the placeb.the timec.the reasond.the cause4・______ the question of national prestige arises ´ (18-9)a.The momentb.Justc.As long asd.ProvidingVocabulary簡祉1・If we could meet at football, we would have no _____ to meet on thebattlefield.(11-2)a.bentb.feelingc.opportunityd.desire2・You could _____ from general principles that international sportingcontests lead to orgies ofhatred.(14-5)a.includeb.concludec.excluded.delude3・If you lose, the ______ combative instincts are aroused.(19-10)a.wildestb.most seriousc.most frighteningd.most dangerous4・The ____ thing is not the behaviour of the players -(111-12)a.importantb.unusualc.signald.obvious仟古廷哂囂及膨過謹・僉夲籾BatsMultiple choice questions 謹・僉夲籾Choose the correct answers to the following questions.Comprehension 尖盾1・What happens if you shout on a mountainsidea.You will be able to measure distance.b.Nothing.c.It will take a long time for an echo to come back.d.You will hear an echo.2・You can measure the depth of the sea by ____.a.shouting so you get back an echob.tapping on the hull of a shipc.working out how long it takes to get an echo from the sea bottomd.calculating the reflection3・The echo-location principle means you can even ____.a.locate and distinguish different species of fishb.hear a fish's echoc.improve the apparatus now in used.easily catch different species of fish4・Bats use echo-location to ____.a.see where they're goingb.avoid bumping into thingsc.avoid flying insectsd.emit squeaksStructure 鞘侏1・Not ____sound made by animals serves aslanguage.(l.1)a.everyb.eachc.the wholed.the entire2・We have only to turn to that extraordinarydiscovery of echo-location inbats to see a case____the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.(11-2)a.whichb.wherec.whend.why3・____ he shout in the vicinity of a wall, an echo will come back.(4)a.Shouldb.Ifc.Whend.Though4・____ the echo-sounding apparatus was born.(17-8)a.Suchb.The wayc.That's howd.Like thisVocabulary 簡祉1・The voice plays a strictly ____ role.(2)a.secondaryb.importantuald.practical2・A sound made by ____ the hull of a ship - (15-6)a.hittingb.knockingc.beatingd.bashing3・The sound varies ____the size and nature of the object.(18-9)a.depending onb.relating toc.influencingd.by4・A ____ of fish will do this.(9)a.classb.herdc.schoold.flock仟古廷哂囂及膨過謹・僉夲籾Trading standardsMultiple choice questions 謹・僉夲籾Choose the correct answers to the following questions.Comprehension 尖盾1・Which one of these statements is truea.American farmers are the only ones who are complaining about tradingstandards.b.Problems with trading standards don't affect only American farmers.c.Europe is happy to import American poultry.d.There is general agreement about regulations for world trade.2・An electric razor made in the EU can only be sold in the US ____.a.if it conforms with European required standardsb.when it is safe to usec.when it has hit the markets in Europed.after it has been given approval by US authorities3・Business people on both sides of the Atlantic ____.a.question whether two sets of tests are necessaryb.think the present situation is satisfactoryc.have agreed to abandon two sets of testsd.have set up a single test which has everyone's approval4・The main difference between the two sides is that ____.a.it's difficult to construct agreementsb.one side wants a general agreement and the other wants lots of separateonesc.neither of them can agree about electronic goods and drugmanufacturingd.the EU follows fine continental traditionsStructure 鞘侏1・American farmers can't export chickens to Europe____ differences innational regulations.(1)a.throughb.according toc.in respect ofd.because of2・An electric razor from the EU ____ sold in the USunless it meets USstandards.(14-5)a.oughtn't to beb.can't bec.shouldn't bed.doesn't have to be3・America and the EU ____ to reach a deal.(9)a.are still tryingb.always tryc.triedd.were trying4・The details are ____ that they may be hard-pressed to get adeal.(111-12)a.so complexb.enough complexc.such complexityd.too complexVocabulary 簡祉1・There are many differences in national ____.(12-3)wsb.rulesmandsd.orders2・An electric razor that ____ Europe must be approved by Americantesters.(14-5)a.fitsb.matchesc.is suitable ford.likes3・America and the EU have been trying to get ____ double tests.(9)a.away fromb.rid ofc.out ofd.lost in4・Although negotiators are ____ (11)a.clear-sightedb.uncertainc.hopefuld.enthusiasti仟古廷哂囂及膨過謹・僉夲籾Royal espionageMultiple choice questions 謹・僉夲籾Choose the correct answers to the following questions.Comprehension 尖盾1・Why was it easy for Alfred the Great to visit the Danish camp disguisedas a minstrela.Because no one would recognize him.b.Because he had learned many Danish ballads in his youth.c.Because minstrels were able to travel freely in those days.d.Because no one would refuse hospitality to a king.2・At the Chippenham camp, King Alfred took special note of the fact that____.a.the camp was easy to penetrateb.the Danish commander, Guthrum, had a lot of confidencec.winter was setting ind.the Danes were unprepared for war3・From what he had seen, Alfred concluded that ____.a.he would have to stay in the Danish camp for a weekb.his small army was not necessarily a disadvantagec.the Danes would be dangerous in a prolonged battled.the Danes could survive indefinitely on irregular raids4・One of the factors that led to the Danish surrender was that ____.a.the Danes could no longer depend on irregular raids to obtain foodb.King Alfred engaged in open battlec.this was a unique epic of royal espionaged.they surrendered within a monthStructure 鞘侏1・Minstrels were not men ____ in battle.(2)a.who fightb.to fightc.fightingd.they fight2・The Danes collected women ____food and drink.(9)a.alsob.bothc.in addition tod.moreover3・Alfred stayed in the camp a week before ____to Athelney.a.returningb.to returnc.to returningd.return4・So,____ with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk openbattle.(14)a.he was facedb.on being facedc.he facedd.in the faceVocabulary 簡祉1・Alfred was disguised so no one ____ him.(1)a.recognizedb.understoodc.knewd.met2・Alfred____ at once that discipline was slack.(7)a.regardedb.remarkedc.sawd.attended3・The force there ____was trivial compared with the Danishhorde.(111-12)a.gatheredb.picked upc.constitutedd.picked4・His patrols ____the raiding parties.(15)a.attackedb.preventedc.held backd.put an end to仟古廷哂囂及膨過謹・僉夲籾仟古廷哂囂及膨過及46仁:Hobbies仟古廷哂囂及膨過及20仁:Snake poison仟古廷哂囂及膨過及11仁:How to grow old仟古廷哂囂及匯過及41-42仁:Penny's bag仟古廷哂囂及屈過仟古廷哂囂及眉過仟古廷哂囂及匯過...及匯過仟古廷哂囂及匯過及69-70仁:The car rac 10.仟古廷哂囂及膨過及46仁:Hobbies。

英语作文的摘抄技巧

英语作文的摘抄技巧Extracting excerpts from English essays can be a nuanced task, demanding attention to detail and a keen understanding of the text's core message. Here are some techniques to help you effectively extract excerpts from English essays:1. Identify Key Themes and Ideas: Before extracting any excerpts, thoroughly read the essay and identify its main themes, arguments, and key ideas. Understanding the central message of the essay will guide you in selecting relevant excerpts.2. Focus on Concise and Impactful Statements: Look for sentences or phrases that succinctly encapsulate theessay's main points or arguments. Excerpts should be concise yet impactful, conveying the essence of theauthor's message.3. Highlight Unique Perspectives or Insights: Seek outpassages that offer unique perspectives, insights, or interpretations. Excerpts that showcase the author's originality of thought or depth of analysis can add value to your extracted content.4. Consider Language and Style: Pay attention to the language and style used by the author. Excerpts that exhibit eloquence, clarity, or vivid imagery can be particularly effective in conveying the essay's message.5. Maintain Coherence and Flow: Ensure that the extracted excerpts maintain coherence and flow when read out of context. Avoid fragmenting sentences or disrupting the logical progression of ideas.6. Provide Adequate Context: When presenting extracted excerpts, provide sufficient context to help readers understand their relevance within the broader essay. Briefly summarize the surrounding content or introduce the excerpt with a transitional phrase.7. Use Quotation Marks and Citations: When quotingdirectly from the essay, use quotation marks to indicate the excerpt's verbatim wording. Additionally, include proper citations to acknowledge the source of the extracted content.8. Avoid Misrepresentation: Be careful not to misrepresent the author's intended meaning when extracting excerpts. Ensure that the selected passages accurately reflect the essay's arguments or viewpoints without distorting their context.9. Prioritize Significance Over Length: Focus on extracting excerpts that are most significant or impactful, rather than simply prioritizing length. Quality should take precedence over quantity when selecting passages for extraction.10. Review and Revise: After extracting excerpts, review them carefully to ensure clarity, relevance, and accuracy. Revise as needed to refine the extracted content and enhance its effectiveness in conveying the essay's key messages.By applying these techniques, you can effectively extract excerpts from English essays while preserving their integrity and conveying their core ideas with clarity and precision.。

智慧树高级英语I(下)-华东理工大学章节测验答案

解忧书店 JieYouBookshop第一章单元测试1【单选题】(10分)Who is the narrator in the short story “Everyday Use”? ( )A.MaggieB.DeeC.Mrs. JohnsonD.Hakim-a-barber2【单选题】(10分)From what point of view is the story of “Everyday Use” told? ( )A.The Limited third-person point of viewB.The third-person omniscient point of viewC.The first-person point of viewD.The second-person point of view3【单选题】(10分)Why is Dee so interested in these everyday objects such as the churn, the dasher and the quilts? ( )A.Dee wishes to send them to the museums.B.Dee wants to sell them for highprices when she goes back to the city. C.Dee sees them as remnants of a quaint timein the past, and wants them for decoration. D.Dee wants them for everyday use.4【单选题】(10分)How does the origin of the quilts affect Maggie’s feelings about them? ( )A.She understands their aesthetic and cultural value.B.She does not feelanything in particular about them. C.She sees them as useful and as a connection toher grandmother. D.She believes that they are worth a lot of money.5【单选题】(10分)Maggie’s shyness arises mainly from ( ). A.her shame of being a half-illiterateB.the trauma she suffered when she was severely burned in a fireC.her lack of sophisticationD.the intimidation of her sister Dee6【单选题】(10分)Dee changes her name probably because she ( ). A.wants to connect with her African rootsB.wants to rebel against her motherC.doesn’t like the sound of itD.believes a new name will enhance her career7【单选题】(10分)Mrs. Johnson is reluctant to let Dee have the quilts because ( ). A.she knows the quilts have great monetary valueB.she wants to keep them for her own useC.she has promised them to MaggieD.she doesn’t like Dee8【单选题】(10分)Why does Mrs. Johnson finally decide to give the quilts to Maggie instead of to Dee? ( )A.She is touched by Maggie’s vulnerability and deep sense of family.B.Shehas nothing else to give to Maggie as a wedding gift. C.Hakim-a-barber makes a badimpression on her. D.She thinks Dee will sell them.9【单选题】(10分)Which of the following traits does Dee share with her mother? ( )A.Neither of them went to high school.B.Both of them love the city.C.Both women are strong-willed.D.Neither of them likes the family house.10【单选题】(10分)In her own mind the mother ( ). A.believes that her life lacks meaning and purposeB.feels she has set a bad example for her daughtersC.accepts herself as a strong, capable womanD.thinks she is quite successful for bringing up two beautiful daughters.第二章单元测试1【判断题】(10分)The excerpts boast numerous characters. ( )A.错B.对2【判断题】(10分)The plot of these excerpts from this novel is rather complicated, and a lot of interpersonal conflicts took place. ( )A.错B.对3【判断题】(10分)The excerpts explored basic human emotions evoked by one’s impending death. ( )A.对B.错4【判断题】(10分)A merry atmosphere permeates the excerpts. ( )A.对B.错5【判断题】(10分)The protagonist Edmund Carr is very regretful that he had failed to seize the day when he had good health. ( )A.对B.错6【判断题】(10分)The novel can be regarded as a call to carpe diem — we should all make the most of each moment of our life, and to live life to the fullest. ( )A.对B.错7【判断题】(10分)Vita frequently uses the fictional technique of interior monologue in the excerpts. ( )A.错B.对8【判断题】(10分)The use of the technique of interior monologue allows the reader to step into Edmund’s mind and see his thoughts directly. ( )A.对B.错9【判断题】(10分)Vita often intrudes into the novel by making authorial comments. ( )A.对B.错10【判断题】(10分)The excerpts are jumbled and fragmentary, which fits with the form of a journal. ( )A.错B.对第三章单元测试1【单选题】(10分)Which of the following sentences is a periodic sentence? ( )A.I saw Mike when I was shopping in the town yesterday!B.When I was shopping in the town yesterday, I saw Mike!2【判断题】(10分)Winston Churchill was a British politician, army officer and writer. ( )A.对B.错3【判断题】(10分)Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945. ( )A.错B.对4【判断题】(10分)Prussia became the core of the German Empire in 1871. ( )A.错B.对5【判断题】(10分)The origins of modern public speaking can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome. ( )A.对B.错第四章单元测试1【单选题】(10分)"There are three sides to every story: your side, my side, and the truth, and no one islying" this a quote referring to ( ). A.CharacterizationB.Perspective2【判断题】(10分)Herman Wouk was described as "the reclusive dean of American historical novelists". ( )A.错B.对3【判断题】(10分)Referring to primary documents and developing criteria of evaluation are helpful to recognize the difference between historical fiction and history ( )A.错B.对4【判断题】(10分)The omniscient viewpoint means a god-like being is writing the narrative. ( )A.对B.错5【多选题】(10分)Which of the following is considered as the three greatest US presidents by scholars? ( )A.FranklinB.RooseveltC.Barack Hussein ObamaD.George WashingtonE.Abraham Lincoln第五章单元测试1【单选题】(10分)"Ethics and the knowledge of an author will be a way for readers to judge whether to believe in the author or not." Which of the following persuasion mode does this sentence correspond to? ( )A.EthosB.PathosC.Logos2【判断题】(10分)Using statistics in an article is more persuasive. ( )A.错B.对3【判断题】(10分)In The Earth in the Balance, Gore agrees with the view of global warming adaptation. ( )A.对B.错The Great Lakes have been a major source for transportation, migration, trade and fishing. ( )A.错B.对5【判断题】(10分)A simile is a literary device that makes comparison between two things using the words "like" or "as". ( )A.对B.错第六章单元测试1【判断题】(10分)One of Momaday’s contributions is that he helped to initiate a writing renaissance for Native American Literature. ( )A.错B.对2【判断题】(10分)Momaday’s book The Way to Rainy Mountain (1969) is a compilation of myth, history and memoir. ( )A.对B.错Momaday is ashamed of his Kiowa heritage because his tribe has nothing to pride themselves in the white Anglo world. ( )A.错B.对4【判断题】(10分)Momaday’s The Way to Rainy Mountain tells the story of a long journey of the Kiowas over a span of three hundred years and a distance of thousand miles from the headwaters of the Yellowstone in western Montana to the Southern Plains around Rainy Mountain, Oklahoma. （）A.对B.错5【判断题】(10分)The U.S. government has remained supportive of preserving Native American cultures. ( )A.对B.错6【判断题】(10分)The Kiowa Sun Dance could do without the buffalo or the Tai-me. ( )A.错B.对7【判断题】(10分)Momaday’s grandmother Aho recently passed away, which triggered his curiosity about his Kiowa roots and put him on a pilgrimage to Rainy Mountain. ( )青春须早为，岂能长少年。

the poetry of architecture(excerpt) 翻译

正是这一艺术特性构成了它的民族性。

excerptfrom“thehero’sadventure”1：从“英雄的冒险”1摘录

Excerpt from “The Hero’s Adventure” 1 Excerpts from “The Hero’s Adventure” from the Power of Myth by Joseph Campbell, with Bill MoyersMoyers: Why are there so many stories of the hero in mythology?Campbell: Because that’s what’s worth writing about. Even in popular novels, the main character is a hero or heroine who has found or done something beyond the normal range of achievement and experience. A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself. Moyers: So in all of these cultures, whatever the local costume the hero might be wearing, what is the deed? Campbell: Well, there are two types of deed. One is the physical deed, in which the hero performs a courageous act in battle or saves a life. The other kind is the spiritual deed, in which the hero learns to experience the supernormal range of human spiritual life and then comes back with a message. The usual hero adventure begins with someone from whom something has been taken, or who feels there’s something lacking in the normal experiences available or permitted to the members of his society. This person then takes off on a series of adventures beyond the ordinary, either to recover what has been lost or to discover some life-giving elixir. It’s usually a cycle, a going and a returning.But the structure and something of the spiritual sense of this adventure can be seen already anticipated in the puberty or initiation rituals of early tribal societies, through which a child is compelled to give up its childhood and become an adult—to die, you might say, to its infantile personality and psyche and come back as a responsible adult. This is a fundamental psychological transformation that everyone has to undergo. We are in childhood in a condition of dependency under someone’s protection for some fourteento twenty-one years . . . . You are in no way aself-responsible, free agent, but an obedient dependent, expecting and receiving punishments and rewards. To evolve out of this position of psychological immaturity to the courage of self-responsibility and assurance requires a death and a resurrection. That’s the basic motif of the universal hero’s journey—leaving one condition and finding the source of life to bring you forth into a richer or mature condition.Moyers: So even if we happen not to be heroes in the grand sense of redeeming society, we still have to take that journey inside ourselves, spiritually and psychologically. . . . Campbell: There’s a large journey to be taken, of many trials.Moyers: What’s the significance of the trials, and tests, and ordeals of the hero?Campbell: If you want to put it in terms of intentions, the trials are designed to see to it that the intending hero should be really a hero. Is he really a match for this task? Can he overcome the dangers? Does he have the courage, the knowledge, the capacity, to enable him to serve? Moyers: In this culture of easy religion, cheaply achieved, it seems to be we’ve forgotten that all three of the great religions teach that the trials of the hero journey are a significant part of life, that th ere’s no reward without renunciation, without paying the price. The Koran says, “Do you think that you shall enter the Garden of Bliss without such trials as came to those who passed before you?” And Jesus said in the gospel of Matthew “Great is the gate a nd narrow is the way which leadeth to life, and few there be who find it.” And the heroes of the Jewish tradition undergo great tests before they arrive at their redemption. Campbell: If you realize what the real problem is—losing yourself, giving yourself to some higher end, or to another—you realize that this itself is the ultimate trial. When we quit thinking primarily about ourselves and our own self-preservation, we undergo a truly heroic transformation of consciousness.And what all the myths have to deal with is transformations of consciousness of one kind or another. You have been thinking one way, you now have to think a different way. Moyers: How is consciousness transformed?Campbell: Either by trials themselves or by illuminating revelations. T rials and revelations are what it’s all about. Moyers: Isn’t there a moment of redemption in all of these stories? The woman is saved from the dragon, the city is spared from obliteration, the hero is snatched from danger in the nick of time.Campbell: Well, yes. There would be no hero deed unless there were an achievement. We can have the hero who fails, but he’s usually represented as a kind of clown, someone pretending to more than he can achieve. . . .Moyers: Does your study of mythology lead you to conclude that a single human quest, a standard pattern of human aspiration and thought, constitutes for all mankind something that we have in common, whether we lived a million years ago or will live a thousand years from now? Campbell: There’s a certain t ype of myth which one might call the vision quest, going in quest of a boon, a vision, which has the same form in every mythology. That is the thing that I tried to present in the first book I wrote, The Hero with a Thousand Faces. All these different mythologies give us the same essential quest. You leave the world that you’re in and go into a depth or into a distance or up to a height. There you come to what was missing in your consciousness in the world you formerly inhabited. Then comes the problem either of staying with that, and letting the world drop off, or returning with that boon and trying to hold on to it as you move back into your social world again. That’s not an easy thing to do.Moyers: So the hero goes for something, he doesn’t just go along for the ride, he’s not simply an adventurer? Campbell: There are both kinds of heroes, some that choose to undertake the journey and some that don’t. In one kind of adventure, the hero sets out responsibly and intentionally to perform the deed. For instan ce, Odysseus’s son Telemachus was told by Athena, “Go find your father.” That father quest is a major hero adventure for young people. That is the adventure of finding what your career is, what your nature is, what your source is. You undertake that intentionally. . . .Excerpt from “The Hero’s Adventure” 2Then there are adventures into which you are thrown—for example, being drafted into the army. You didn’t intend it, but you’re in now. You’ve undergone a death and resurrection, you’ve put on a uniform, and you’re another creature.One kind of hero that often appears in Celtic myth is the princely hunter, who has followed the lure of a deer into a range of forest that he has never been in before. The animal there undergoes a transformation, becoming the Queen of the Faerie Hills, or something of that kind. This is a type of adventure in which the hero has no idea what he is doing but suddenly finds himself in a transformed realm.Moyers: Is the adventurer who takes that kind of trip a hero in the mythological sense?Campbell: Yes, because he is always ready for it. In these stories, the adventure that the hero is ready for is the one he gets. The adventure is symbolically a manifestation of his character. Even the landscape and the conditions of the environment match his readiness.Moyers: In George Lucas’s Star Wars, Solo begins as a mercenary and ends up a hero, coming in at the last to save Luke Skywalker.Campbell: Yes. There Solo has done the hero act of sacrificing himself for another.Moyers: Do you think that a hero is created out of guilt? Was Solo guilty because he had abandoned Skywalker? Campbell: It depends on what system of ideas you want to apply. Solo was a very practical guy, at least as he thought of himself, a materialist. But he was a compassionate human being at the same t ime and didn’t know it. The adventure evoked a quality of his character that he hadn’t known he possessed. . . .Moyers: Sometimes it seems to me that we ought to feel pity for the hero instead of admiration. So many of them have sacrificed their own needs for others.Campbell: They all have.Moyers: And very often what they accomplish is shattered by the inability of the followers to see.Campbell: Yes. You come out of the forest with gold and it turns to ashes. That’s a well-known fairy-tale motif. Moyers: There’s that haunting incident in the story of Odysseus, when the ship tears apart and the members of the crew are thrown overboard, and the waves toss Odysseus over. He clings to a mast and finally lands on shore, and the text says, “Alone at last. Alone at last.”Campbell: Well, that adventure of Odysseus is a little complicated to try to talk about briefly. But that particular adventure where the ship is wrecked is at the Island of the Sun—that’s the island of highest illumination. If the ship had not been wrecked, Odysseus might have remained on the island and become, you might say, the sort of leader who, on achieving full enlightenment, remains there in bliss and never returns. But the Greek idea of making the values known and enacted in life brings him back. Now, there was a taboo on the Island of the Sun, namely, that one should not kill and eat any of the oxen of the Sun. Odysseus’s men, however, were hungry, so they slaughtered the cattle of the Sun, which is what brought about their shipwreck. The lower consciousness was still functioning while they were up there in the sphere of the highest spiritual light. When you’re in the presence of such an illumination, you are not to think, “Gee, I’m hungry. Get me a roast beef sandwich.” Odysseus’s men w ere not ready or eligible for the experience which had been given to them. That’s a model story of the earthly hero’s attaining to the highest illumination but then coming back.Moyers: What are we to make of what you wrote of the bittersweet story of Ody sseus when you said, “The tragic sense of that work lies precisely in its deep joy in life’s beauty and excellence—the noble loveliness of fair woman, the real worth of manly men. Yet the end of the tale is ashes.”Campbell: You can’t say life is useless b ecause it ends in the grave. There’s an inspiring line in one of Pindar’s poems where he is celebrating a young man who has just won a wrestling championship at the Pythian games. Pindar writes, “creatures of a day, what is any one? What is he not? Man is but a dream of a shadow. Yet when there comes a gift of heaven a gleam of sunshine, there rests upon men a radiant light and, aye, a gentle life.” That dismal saying, “Vanity, vanity, all is vanity!”—it is not all vanity. This moment itself is no vanity, it is a triumph, a delight. This accent on the culmination of perfection in our moments of triumph is very Greek.Moyers: Don’t many of the heroes in mythology die to the world? They suffer, they’re crucified.Campbell: Many of them give their lives. But then the myth also says that out of the given life comes a new life. It may not be the hero’s life, but it’s a new life, a new way of being or becoming. . . .Moyers: But people ask, isn’t myth a lie?Campbell: No, mythology is not a lie, mythology is poetry, it is metaphorical. It has been well said that mythology is the penultimate truth—penultimate because the ultimate cannot be put into words. It is beyond words, beyond images, beyond the bounding rim of the Buddhist Wheel of Becoming. Mythology pitches the mind beyond that rim, to what can be known but not told. So this is the penultimate truth.It’s important to live life with the experience, and therefore the knowledge, of its mystery and of your own mystery. This gives life a new radiance, a new harmony, a new splendor. Thinking in mythological terms helps to put you in accord with the inevitable of this vale of tears. You learn to recognize the positive values in what appear to be the negative moments and aspects of your life. The big question is whether you are going to be able to say a hearty yes to your adventure.Moyers: The adventure of the hero?Campbell: Yes, the adventure of the hero—the adventure of being alive.Below is given annual work summary, do not need friends can download after editor deleted Welcome to visit againXXXX annual work summaryDear every leader, colleagues:Look back end of XXXX, XXXX years of work, have the joy of success in your work, have a collaboration with colleagues, working hard, also have disappointed when encountered difficulties and setbacks. Imperceptible in tense and orderly to be over a year, a year, under the loving care and guidance of the leadership of the company, under the support and help of colleagues, through their own efforts, various aspects have made certain progress, better to complete the job. For better work, sum up experience and lessons, will now work a brief summary.To continuously strengthen learning, improve their comprehensive quality. With good comprehensive quality is the precondition of completes the labor of duty and conditions. A year always put learning in the important position, trying to improve their comprehensive quality. Continuous learning professional skills, learn from surrounding colleagues with rich work experience, equip themselves with knowledge, the expanded aspect of knowledge, efforts to improve their comprehensive quality.The second Do best, strictly perform their responsibilities. Set up the company, to maximize the customer to the satisfaction of the company's products, do a good job in technical services and product promotion to the company. And collected on the properties of the products of the company, in order to make improvement in time, make the products better meet the using demand of the scene.Three to learn to be good at communication, coordinating assistance. On‐site technical service personnel should not only have strong professional technology, should also have good communication ability, a lot of a product due to improper operation to appear problem, but often not customers reflect the quality of no, so this time we need to find out the crux, and customer communication, standardized operation, to avoid customer's mistrust of the products and even the damage of the company's image. Some experiences in the past work, mentality is very important in the work, work to have passion, keep the smile of sunshine, can close the distance between people, easy to communicate with the customer. Do better in the daily work to communicate with customers and achieve customer satisfaction, excellent technical service every time, on behalf of the customer on our products much a understanding and trust.Fourth, we need to continue to learn professional knowledge, do practical grasp skilled operation. Over the past year, through continuous learning and fumble, studied the gas generation, collection and methods, gradually familiar with and master the company introduced the working principle, operation method of gas machine. With the help of the department leaders and colleagues, familiar with and master the launch of the division principle, debugging method of the control system, and to wuhan Chen Guchong garbage power plant of gas machine control system transformation, learn to debug, accumulated some experience. All in all, over the past year, did some work, have also made some achievements, but the results can only represent the past, there are some problems to work, can't meet the higher requirements. In the future work, I must develop the oneself advantage, lack of correct, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, for greater achievements. Looking forward to XXXX years of work, I'll be more efforts, constant progress in their jobs, make greater achievements. Every year I have progress, the growth of believe will get greater returns, I will my biggest contribution to the development of the company, believe inyourself do better next year!I wish you all work study progress in the year to come.。

Session2WilliamShakespeareandhistragedies

emphasis on natural regeneration
The description of April sets up imagery of spring and regeneration; the conventional outcome would be “?”
Instead, Chaucer changes to talk about pilgrimage, but stops describing “?”, and does mention anything about the social setting.
2. the description of the pilgrims in terms of their profession and their stories
Part IV Renaissance (16th century)
British Renaissance
Playwright: Christopher Marlow (1564 - 1593) Doctor Faustus William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Ben Johnson (1572-1637) whose reputation mainly falls
Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark (1601)
Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world’s greatest works.
The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time (Wang, 2005, p. 8)

Companionship of Books(Excerpts)

生而为赢——新东方英语背诵美文30篇第三篇：Companionship of Books (Excerpts)Samuel SmilesA man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.A good book may be among the best friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters.Books possess and essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe.The great and good do not die, even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens.以书为伴（节选）通常看一个读些什么书就可知道他的为人，就像看他同什么人交往就可知道他的为人一样，因为有人以人为伴，也有人以书为伴。

英国文学史及选读第一册Lecture1 beowulf——chaucer

Ⅳ Literary terms : Epic (or Heroic Poetry)
-- It is, originally , an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. -- With legendary or historical events of national or universal significance. -- Examples include the ancient Greek epics by the poet Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey. (《伊利亚特》和《伊利亚特》奥德赛》《奥德赛》)
Old English Quiz
Q: What great warrior defeated Grendal? A. Hrothgar B. Caedmon C. Beowulf D. Bede
After-class Assignment
PREVIEW Job for Next Week:
--- The chief effects of Norman Conquest;
Ⅱ General Knowledge About Beowulf Theme: the heroic deeds of old time; a hero killing monsters (Grendel, a monster (Grendel, halfhalf-human, Grendel’s mother and a firefirebreathing dragon )to make the world safe for people Main Characters: Beowulf (a glorious hero, a savior of the people)and monsters Rhyme: Alliteration Comments: -- The very beginning of English poetry; -- World classics as Odyssey

新概念英语第四册Lesson6Thesportingspirit体育精神课件

• maternity • She is on maternity leave.
பைடு நூலகம்
• disgrace v. 使出丑，使丢脸 • The dishonest minister was publicly disgraced. • His behavior disgraced / shamed / humiliated / brought shame
• contest n. 比赛 • a speech / beauty / dance contest • game / match • a boxing / basketball / football / volleyball match / game • games • the Olympic Games • race • a car / boat / horse / swimming race
• 造句：习主席正在越南进行为期三天的友好访问。
• President Xi Jinping is on a three-day official goodwill visit to Vietnam.
• Be careful not to annoy the boss,
•
because he is inclined to lose his temper.
• A) They should wait for John to bring the dessert. • B) He thinks John must have spent a lot of money for the dinner. • C) The dessert also looks impressive. • D) He helped John make the sandwiches.

GeneralprologueoftheCanterburyTales

GeneralprologueoftheCanterburyTalesGeneral Prologue"When April comes with his sweet, fragrant showers, which pierce the dry ground of March, and bathe every root of every plant in sweet liquid, then people desire to go on pilgrimages." Thus begins the famous opening to The Canterbury Tales. The narrator (a constructed version of Chaucer himself) is first discovered staying at the Tabard Inn in Southwark (in London), when a company of twenty-nine people descend on the inn, preparing to go on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. After talking to them, he agrees to join them on their pilgrimage.Yet before the narrator goes any further in the tale, he describes the circumstances and the social rank of each pilgrim. He describes each one in turn, starting with the highest status individuals.The Knight is described first, as befits a 'worthy man' of high status. The Knight has fought in the Crusades in numerous countries, and always been honored for his worthiness and courtesy. Everywhere he went, the narrator tells us, he had a'sovereyn prys' (which could mean either an 'outstanding reputation', or a price on his head for the fighting he has done). The Knight is dressed in a 'fustian' tunic, made of coarse cloth, which is stained by the rust from his coat of chainmail.The Knight brings with him his son, The Squire, a lover and a lusty bachelor, only twenty years old. The Squire cuts a rather effeminate figure, his clothes embroidered with red and white flowers, and he is constantly singing or playing the flute. He is the only pilgrim (other than, of course, Chaucer himself) who explicitly has literary ambitions: he 'koude songes make and wel endite' (line 95).The Yeoman (a freeborn servant) also travels along with the Knight's entourage, and is clad in coat and hood of green. The Yeoman is excellent at caring for arrows, and travels armed with a huge amount of weaponry: arrows, a bracer (arm guard), a sword, a buckler, and a dagger as sharp as a spear. He wears an image of St. Christopher on his breast.Having now introduced the Knight (the highest ranking pilgrim socially), the narrator now moves on to the clergy, beginning with The Prioress, called 'Madame Eglantine' (or, in modern parlance, Mrs. Sweetbriar). She could sweetly sing religious services, speaks fluent French and has excellent table manners. She is so charitable and piteous, that she would weep if she saw a mouse caught in a trap, and she has two small dogs with her. She wears a brooch with the inscription 'Amor vincit omnia' ('Love conquers all'). The Prioress brings with her her 'chapeleyne' (secretary), the Second Nun.The Monk is next, an extremely fine and handsome man who loves to hunt, and who follows modern customs rather than old traditions. This is no bookish monk,studying in a cloister, but a man who keeps greyhounds to hunt the hare. The Monk is well-fed, fat, and his eyes are bright, gleaming like a furnace in his head.The Friar who follows him is also wanton and merry, and he is a 'lymytour' by trade (a friar licensed to beg in certain districts). He is extremely well beloved of franklins (landowners) and worthy woman all over the town. He hears confession and gives absolution, and is an excellent beggar, able to earn himself a farthing wherever he went. His name is Huberd.The Merchant wears a forked beard, motley clothes and sat high upon his horse. He gives his opinion very solemnly, and does excellent business as a merchant, never being in any debt. But, the narrator ominously remarks, 'I noot how men hym calle' (I don't know how men call him, or think of him).The Clerk follows the Merchant. A student of Oxford university, he would rather have twenty books by Aristotle than rich clothes or musical instruments, and thus is dressed in a threadbare short coat. He only has a little gold, which he tends to spend on books and learning, and takes huge care and attention of his studies. He never speaks a word more than is needed, and that is short, quick and full of sentence (the Middle-English word for 'meaningfulness' is a close relation of'sententiousness').The Man of Law (referred to here as 'A Sergeant of the Lawe') is a judicious and dignified man, or, at least, he seems so because of his wise words. He is a judge in the court of assizes, by letter of appointment from the king, and because of his high standing receives many grants. He can draw up a legal document, the narrator tells us, and no-one can find a flaw in his legal writings. Yet, despite all this money and social worth, the Man of Law rides only in a homely, multi-coloured coat.A Franklin travels with the Man of Law. He has a beard as white as a daisy, and of the sanguine humour (dominated by his blood). The Franklin is a big eater, loving a piece of bread dipped in wine, and is described (though not literally!) as Epicurus' son: the Franklin lives for culinary delight. His house is always full of meat pie, fish and meat, so much so that it 'snewed in his hous of mete and drynke'. He changes his meats and drinks according to what foods are in season.A Haberdasher and a Carpenter, a Weaver, a Dyer and a Tapycer (weaver of tapestries) are next described, all of them clothed in the same distinctive guildsman's dress. Note that none of these pilgrims, in the end, actually tell a tale.A Cook had been brought along to boil the chicken up with marrow bones and spices, but this particular Cook knows a draught of ale very well indeed, according to the narrator. The Cook could roast and simmer and boil and fry, make stews and hashes and bake a pie well, but it was a great pity that, on his shin, he has an ulcer.A Shipman from Dartmouth is next - tanned brown from the hot summer sun, riding upon a carthorse, and wearing a gown of coarse woolen cloth which reaches to his knees. The Shipman had, many times, drawn a secret draught of wine on board ship, while the merchant was asleep. The Shipman has weathered many storms, and knows his trade: he knows the locations of all the harbors from Gotland to Cape Finistere. His shape is called 'the Maudelayne'.A Doctor of Medicine is the next pilgrim described, clad in red and blue, andno-one in the world can match him in speaking about medicine and surgery. He knows the cause of every illness, what humor engenders them, and how to cure them. He is a perfect practitioner of medicine, and he has apothecaries ready to send him drugs and mixtures. He is well-read in the standard medical authorities, from the Greeks right through to Chaucer's contemporary Gilbertus Anglicus. The Doctor, however, has not studied the Bible.The Wife of Bath was 'somdel deef' (a little deaf, as her tale will later expand upon) and that was a shame. The Wife of Bath is so adept at making cloth that she surpasses even the cloth-making capitals of Chaucer's world, Ypres and Ghent, and she wears coverchiefs (linen coverings for the head) which must (the narrator assumes) have 'weyeden ten pound'. She had had five husbands through the church door, and had been at Jerusalem, Rome and Boulogne on pilgrimage. She is also described as 'Gat-tothed' (traditionally denoting lasciviousness), and as keeping good company, she knows all the answers about love: 'for she koude of that art the olde daunce' (she knew the whole dance as far as love is concerned!).A good religious man, A Parson of a Town, is next described, who, although poor in goods, is rich in holy thought and work. He's a learned man, who truly preaches Christ's gospel, and devoutly teaches his parishioners. He travels across his big parish to visit all of his parishioners, on his feet, carrying a staff in his hand. He is a noble example to his parishioners ('his sheep', as they are described) because he acts first, and preaches second (or, in Chaucer's phrase, 'first he wroghte, and afterward he taughte'). The narrator believes that there is no better priest to be found anywhere.With the Parson travels a Plowman (who does not tell a tale), who has hauled many cartloads of dung in his time. He is a good, hard-working man, who lives in peace and charity, and treats his neighbor as he would be treated. He rides on a mare, and wears a tabard (a workman's loose garment).A Miller comes next, in this final group of pilgrims (now at the bottom of the class scale!). He is big-boned and has big muscles, and always wins the prize in wrestling matches. There's not a door that he couldn't lift off its hinges, or break it by running at it head-first. He has black, wide nostrils, carries a sword and a buckler (shield) by his side, and has a mouth like a great furnace. He's good at stealing corn and taking payment for it three times. But then, Chaucer implies, there are no honest millers.A noble Manciple (a business agent, purchaser of religious provisions) is the next pilgrim to be described, and a savvy financial operator. Though a common man, the Manciple can run rings round even a 'heep of lerned men'. The Manciple, his description ominously ends, 'sette hir aller cappe': deceived them all.The Reeve, a slender, choleric man, long-legged and lean ("ylyk a staf"). He knows exactly how much grain he has, and is excellent at keeping his granary and his grain bin. There is no bailiff, herdsman or servant about whom the Reeve does not know something secret or treacherous; as a result, they are afraid of him 'as of the deeth'.The Summoner is next, his face fire-red and pimpled, with narrow eyes. He has a skin disease across his black brows, and his beard (which has hair falling out of it) and he is extremely lecherous. There is, the narrator tells us, no ointment or cure, or help him to remove his pimples. He loves drinking wine which is as 'reed as blood', and eating leeks, onions and garlic. He knows how to trick someone.Travelling with the Summoner is a noble Pardoner, his friend and his companion (in what sense Chaucer intends the word 'compeer', meaning companion, nobody knows) and the last pilgrim-teller to be described. He sings loudly 'Come hither, love to me', and has hair as yellow as wax, which hangs like flaxen from his head. He carries a wallet full of pardons in his lap, brimful of pardons come from Rome. The Pardoner is sexually ambiguous - he has a thin, boyish voice, and the narrator wonders whether he is a 'geldyng or a mare' (a eunuch or a homosexual).The narrator writes that he has told us now of the estate (the class), the array (the clothing), and the number of pilgrims assembled in this company. He then makes an important statement of intent for what is to come: he who repeats a tale told by another man, the narrator says, must repeat it as closely as he possibly can to the original teller - and thus, if the tellers use obscene language, it is not our narrator's fault.The Host is the last member of the company described, a large man with bright, large eyes - and an extremely fair man. The Host welcomes everyone to the inn, and announces the pilgrimage to Canterbury, and decides that, on the way there, the company shall 'talen and pleye' (to tell stories and amuse themselves). Everyone consents to the Host's plan for the game, and he then goes on to set it out.What the Host describes is a tale-telling game, in which each pilgrim shall tell two tales on the way to Canterbury, and two more on the way home; whoever tells the tale 'of best sentence and moost solas' shall have supper at the cost of all of the other pilgrims, back at the Inn, once the pilgrimage returns from Canterbury. The pilgrims agree to the Host's suggestion, and agree to accord to the Host's judgment as master of the tale-telling game. Everyone then goes to bed.The next morning, the Host awakes, raises everyone up, and 'in a flok' the pilgrimage rides towards 'the Wateryng of Seint Thomas', a brook about two miles from London. The Host asks the pilgrims to draw lots to see who shall tell the first tale, the Knight being asked to 'draw cut' first and, whether by 'aventure, or sort, or cas', the Knight draws the straw to tell the first tale. The pilgrims ride forward, and the Knight begins to tell his tale.AnalysisThe General Prologue was probably written early in the composition of the Canterbury Tales, and offers an interesting comparison point to many of the individual tales itself. Of course, it does not match up to the tales as we have them in a number of ways: the Nun's Priest and the Second Nun are not described, and, most significantly, the work as we have it does not reflect the Host's plan. For starters, the pilgrimage only seems to go as far as Canterbury (for the Parson's Tale) and only the narrator tells two tales on the way there, with all the other pilgrims telling only a single tale (and some who are described in the General Prologue not telling a tale at all).We must, therefore, view the General Prologue with some hesitation as a comparison point to the tales themselves: it offers useful or enlightening suggestions, but they are no means a complete, reliable guide to the tales and what they mean. What the General Prologue offers is a brief, often very visual description of each pilgrim, focusing on details of their background, as well as key details of their clothing, their food likes and dislikes, and their physical features. These descriptions fall within a common medieval tradition of portraits in words (which can be considered under the technical term ekphrasis), Chaucer's influence in this case most likely coming from The Romaunt de la Rose.Immediately, our narrator insists that his pilgrims are to be described by 'degree'. By the fact that the Knight, the highest-ranking of the pilgrims, is selected as the first teller, we see the obvious social considerations of the tale. Still, all human life is here: characters of both sexes, and from walks of life from lordly knight, or godly parson down to oft-divorced wife or grimy cook.Each pilgrim portrait within the prologue might be considered as an archetypal description. Many of the 'types' of characters featured would have been familiar stock characters to a medieval audience: the hypocritical friar, the rotund,food-loving monk, the rapacious miller are all familiar types from medieval estates satire (see Jill Mann's excellent book for more information). Larry D. Benson has pointed out the way in which the characters are paragons of their respective crafts or types - noting the number of times the words 'wel koude' and 'verray parfit' occur in describing characters.Yet what is key about the information provided in the General Prologue about these characters, many of whom do appear to be archetypes, is that it is among the few pieces of objective information - that is, information spoken by our narrator that we are given throughout the Tales. The tales themselves (except for large passages of the prologues and epilogues) are largely told in the words of the tellers: as our narrator himself insists in the passage. The words stand for themselves: and we interpret them as if they come from the pilgrims' mouths. What this does - and this is a key thought for interpreting the tales as a whole - is to apparently strip them of writerly license, blurring the line between Chaucer and his characters.Thus all of the information might be seen to operate on various levels. When, for example, we find out that the Prioress has excellent table manners, never allowing a morsel to fall on her breast, how are we to read it? Is this Geoffrey Chaucer 'the author of The Canterbury Tales' making a conscious literary comparison to The Romaunt de la Rose, which features a similar character description (as it happens, of a courtesan)? Is this 'Chaucer' our narrator, a character within the Tales providing observation entirely without subtext or writerly intention? Or are these observations - supposedly innocent within the Prologue - to be noted down so as to be compared later to the Prioress' Tale?Chaucer's voice, in re-telling the tales as accurately as he can, entirely disappears into that of his characters, and thus the Tales operates almost like a drama. Where do Chaucer's writerly and narratorial voices end, and his characters' voices begin? This self-vanishing quality is key to the Tales, and perhaps explains why there is one pilgrim who is not described at all so far, but who is certainly on the pilgrimage - and he is the most fascinating, and the most important by far: a poet and statesman by the name of Geoffrey Chaucer.。

Excerpts from Russell’s Marriage and Morals

The following excerpts are from the famous British philosopher Bertrand Russell’s Marriage and Morals (1929).1.Introduction“In characterizing a society, whether ancient or modern, there are two elements, rather closely connected, which are of prime importance: one is the economic system, the other the family system” (1).Russell continues by arguing that private property exists because of the family. He thinks that if children were raised by the state (like in Plato’s republic) there would be no need for private savings or private capitalism. He notes that many communists believe that in a true communist system the family (as we know it today) will not survive. He emphasizes the close relationship between the family structure and the social and economic structure.“Among human beings the co-operation of the father is a great biological advantage to the offspring, especially in unsettled times and among turbulent populations, but with the growth of modern civilization the role of the father is being increasingly taken over by the state, and there is reason to think that a father may cease before long to be biologically advantageous, at any rate in the wage earning class. If this should occur, we must expect a complete breakdown of traditional morality, (*) since there will no longer be any reason why a mother should wish the paternity of her child to be indubitable” (4-5).The purpose the Russell sets out for this book is to criticize the current ethics surrounding this issue of marriage and morals. He believes that in order to do this it is necessary to identify the “superstitions” that govern morals, as well asto address the unique circumstances of the modern age.2. Matriarchal SystemsIn this chapter Russell emphasizes that very little (if any) of human behavior is based on instinct. In societies in which the biological understanding of reproduction is not understood, families tend to be matrilineal (based on the mother, not the father) and the role of the father is divided between the mother’s brother and the mother’s husband. In societies of this sort, the notion of biological fatherhood does not exist, yet a man will still show the same affection for his wife’s children, while officially playing the role of father to his sister’s children. Russell believes that the emotions associated with parents for their children are not instinctual, but rather are the natural feelings that any adult will develop for children that they take care of.3. Patriarchal SystemsAccording to Russell, the patriarchal family system arose once man realized that offspring are biologically connected to him through his “seed.” Once men realized that children were their offspring and not merely the offspring of women, men’s desire to live forever through their offspring, coupled with the feeling of power that came from creating life, caused men tosubjugate women in an attempt to maintain and promote their own offspring. In matrilineal societies, there is no reason for wars to increase the power of a family since women control families while it is men who fight. However, once men take charge of the family, society is no longer as stable.“One must suppose, therefore, that the discovery of fatherhood would make human society more competitive, more energetic, more dynamic and hustling than it had been in the matrilineal stage” (15).Russell notes that this shift in society is somewhat hypothetical, but that the shift to a patriarchal society did create an increased emphasis on the virtue of wives.“The purely instinctive element in jealousy is not nearly so strong as most moderns imagine. The extreme strength of jealousy in patriarchal societies is due to the fear of falsification of decent…. A legitimate child is a continuation of a man’s ego, and his affection for the child is a form of egoism. If, on the other hand, the child is not legitimate, the putative father is tricked into lavishing care upon a child with whom he has no biological connection. Hence the discovery of fatherhood led to the subjection of woman as the only means of securing their virtue – a subjection first physical and then mental, which reached its height in the Victorian age” (16).Russell argues that the subjection of women actually destroys the relationship between men and women, and hurts society.“Owing to the subjection of women, there has in most civilized communities been no genuine companionship between husbands and wives; their relationship has been one of condescension on the one side and duty on the other. … In most civilized communities women have been denied almost all experience of the world and of affairs. They have been kept artificially stupid and therefore uninteresting. … Love as a relation between men and women was ruined by the desire to make sure of the legitimacy of children. And not only love, but the whole contribution that women can make to civilization, has been stunted for the same reason” (16-17).This same focus on the legitimacy of offspring also caused men to demand that wives must be virgins.Russell notes that in earlier times having more children was an asset, but this ceased to be true for the upper classes during Roman times. Eventually the Greco-Roman system was destroyed by the poor masses. Russell ends this chapter by pointing out that while the patriarchal system remained, it changed to accommodate the Christian view of sex, individualism, and the belief in personal immortality.13. The Family at the Present Day“The causes which brought about the decay of the family were partly economic and partly cultural. In its fullest development, [the family] was never very suitable either to urban pop ulations or to seafaring people”(106).“The position of the family in modern times has been weakened in its last stronghold by the action of the state. In its great days, the family consisted of an elderly patriarch, a large number of grown-up sons, their wives and children -- perhaps their children’s children -- all living together in one house, all cooperating as one economic unit, all combined against the outer world as strictly as the citizens of a militaristic modern nation. Nowadays the family is reduced to the father and mother and their younger children, by the decree of the State, spend most of their time at school, and learn there what the State thinks good for them, not what their parents desire. …The state provides medical and dental care, and feeds the child if the parents are destitute. The functions of the father are thus reduced to a minimum, since most of them have been taken over by the State. With advancing civilization, this is inevitable. In a primitive state of affairs, the father was necessary, as he is among birds and anthropoid apes, for economic reasons, and also to protect the young and their mother from violence. The latter function was long ago taken over by the State. A child whose father is dead is no more likely to be murdered than one whose father is living. The economic functions of the father can be performed, in the well-to-do classes, more efficiently if he is dead than if he is living, since he can leave his money to his children without having to use up part of it on his own maintenance. Among those who depend on earned money, the father is still economically useful, but so far as wage-earners are concerned this utility is being continually diminished by the humanitarian sentiment of the community, which insists the child should receive a certain minimum of care, even if he has no father to pay for it. It is in the middle classes that the father is at present of most importance, for so long as he lives and earns a good income, he can give his children those advantages in the way of an expensive education which will enable them in their turn to preserve their social and economic status, whereas if he dies while the children are still young, there is a considerable chance that they may sink in the social scale.” (109-110) Russell continues by pointing out that in modern society, many children often do not spend much time with their fathers, which further diminishes the importance of the father in modern society. He does, however, think that the type of affection that parents give to their children can be beneficial for children. He then discusses why the family is still important. “Perhaps the greatest importance of the family, in these days of contraceptives, is that it preserves the habit of having children. … It would, of course, with a slight change in our economic institutions, be possible to have families with mothers only… It may be -- and I think it far from improbable -- that the father will be completely eliminated before long, except among the rich (supposing the rich to be not abolished by Socialism). In that case, women will share their children with the State, not with an individual father (114). Russell stresses that the replacement of the role of the father by the state will have a serious impact on male psychology. He believes that men will not work as hard, they will not care as much about private property, they will not care as much about history or the future. On the other hand, he thinks that men will also be less likely to go to war.14. The Family in Individual PsychologyIn this chapter, Russell looks at some alternatives to the patriarchal family. The possible alternatives he sees are two: families with only the mother, or children raised by the state. Russell questions whether the psychological effects of a family with only a mother and no father would have any negative effect on the children. While the influence of both masculine and feminine influences are helpful, Russell does not think that the advantages provided by a father are significant. He says,“No doubt the ideal father is better than none, but many fathers are so far from ideal that their non-existence might be a positive advantage for children” (120).Russell notes that children are seriously affected by the idea that they are different from most people. Consequently, children whose parents are divorced will feel like there is something wrong with themselves. This problem will be eliminated if the patriarchal family is no longer as common.“A child who has been used to two parents and has become attached to them both finds a divorce between them destructive of his whole sense of security. Indeed, he is likely in these circumstances to develop phobias and other nervous disorders. When once a child has become attached to both his parents, they take a very grave responsibility if they separate. I think, therefore, that a society in which fathers have no place would be better for children than one in which d ivorce is frequent though still regarded as exceptional.” (121)While Russell feels that fathers have more of a negative effect than a positive effect on the psychology of the family, he feels that mothers should not be replaced by the state. The positive effects of parental affection (love) that a parent provides are too important for a child’s development to have neither mother nor father.。

英国文学史G Chaucer(2)

About The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories
in a frame story, between 1387 and 1400. The structure of The Canterbury Tales is indebted to Boccaccio's Decameron; It is the story of a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury (England). The pilgrims, who come from all layers of society, tell stories to each other to kill time while they travel to Canterbury. He never finished his enormous project and even the completed tales were not finally revised.
----About Geoffrey Chaucer
Born in an urban middle class； In the service of the ruling class； The diplomatic mission that sent Chaucer to
Italy in 1372 was a milestone in his literary development. He had direct contact with the Italian Renaissance. Perhaps he acquired manuscripts of works by Dante, Patriarch, and Boccaccio.

AN Excerpt From

• Art and poetry enable the artist and poet to see beauty and order in
the universe and that lightens for them the burden of this mystery. Philosophy also enables the philosophers to see method and order in the universe, and that lightens for them the burden of this mystery. Lastly, science also enables the scientific men to see law and order in the universe, and that lightens for them the burden of this mystery. But for the mass of mankind who are not poets, artists, philosophers or men of science; for the mass of mankind whose lives are full of hardships and who are exposed every moment to the shock of accident from the threatening forces of Nature and the cruel merciless passions of their fellow-men, what is it that can lighten for them the "burden of the mystery of all this unintelligible world?"

高级英语I(下)-华东理工大学智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下华东理工大学

高级英语I（下）-华东理工大学智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下华东理工大学华东理工大学第一章测试1.Who is the narrator in the short story “Everyday Use”? ( )A:Hakim-a-barberB:DeeC:Mrs. JohnsonD:Maggie答案:Mrs. Johnson2.From what point of view is the story of “Everyday Use” told? ( )A:The second-person point of viewB:The Limited third-person point of viewC:The first-person point of viewD:The third-person omniscient point of view答案:The first-person point of view3.Why is Dee so interested in these everyday objects such as the churn, thedasher and the quilts? ( )A:Dee wants them for everyday use.B:Dee sees them as remnants of a quaint time in the past, and wants them for decoration.C:Dee wants to sell them for high prices when she goes back to the city.D:Dee wishes to send them to the museums.答案:Dee sees them as remnants of a quaint time in the past, and wants them for decoration.4.How does the origin of the quilts affect Maggie’s feelings about them? ( )A:She understands their aesthetic and cultural value.B:She sees them as useful and as a connection to her grandmother.C:She does not feel anything in particular about them.D:She believes that they are worth a lot of money.答案:She sees them as useful and as a connection to her grandmother.5.Maggie’s shyness arises ma inly from ( ).A:the trauma she suffered when she was severely burned in a fireB:her shame of being a half-illiterateC:the intimidation of her sister DeeD:her lack of sophistication答案:the trauma she suffered when she was severely burned in a fire6.Dee changes her name probably because she ( ).A:believes a new name will enhance her careerB:wants to connect with her African rootsC:wants to rebel against her motherD:doesn’t like the sound of it答案:wants to connect with her African roots7.Mrs. Johnson is reluctant to let Dee have the quilts because ( ).A:she wants to keep them for her own useB:she has promised them to MaggieC:she doesn’t like DeeD:she knows the quilts have great monetary value答案:she has promised them to Maggie8.Why does Mrs. Johnson finally decide to give the quilts to Maggie instead ofto Dee? ( )A:Hakim-a-barber makes a bad impression on her.B:She has nothing else to give to Maggie as a wedding gift.C:She thinks Dee will sell them.D:She is touched by Maggie’s vulne rability and deep sense of family.答案:She is touched by Maggie’s vulnerability and deep sense of family.9.Which of the following traits does Dee share with her mother? ( )A:Both women are strong-willed.B:Neither of them went to high school.C:Both of them love the city.D:Neither of them likes the family house.答案:Both women are strong-willed.10.In her own mind the mother ( ).A:believes that her life lacks meaning and purposeB:accepts herself as a strong, capable womanC:thinks she is quite successful for bringing up two beautiful daughters.D:feels she has set a bad example for her daughters答案:accepts herself as a strong, capable woman第二章测试1.The excerpts boast numerous characters. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错2.The plot of these excerpts from this novel is rather complicated, and a lot ofinterpersonal conflicts took place. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错3.The excerpts explored basic human emotions evoked by one’s impendingdeath. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对4. A merry atmosphere permeates the excerpts. ( )A:错 B:对答案:错5.The protagonist Edmund Carr is very regretful that he had failed to seize theday when he had good health. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对6.The novel can be regarded as a call to carpe diem — we should all make themost of each moment of our life, and to live life to the fullest. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对7.Vita frequently uses the fictional technique of interior monologue in theexcerpts. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对8.The use of the technique of interior monologue allows the reader to step intoEdmund’s mind and see his thoughts directly. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对9.Vita often intrudes into the novel by making authorial comments. ( )A:错 B:对答案:错10.The excerpts are jumbled and fragmentary, which fits with the form of ajournal. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对第三章测试1.Which of the following sentences is a periodic sentence? ( )A:When I was shopping in the town yesterday, I saw Mike!B:I saw Mike when I was shopping in the town yesterday!答案:When I was shopping in the town yesterday, I saw Mike!2.Winston Churchill was a British politician, army officer and writer. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对3.Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940to 1945. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对4.Prussia became the core of the German Empire in 1871. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对5.The origins of modern public speaking can be traced back to ancient Greeceand Rome. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对第四章测试1."There are three sides to every story: your side, my side, and the truth, andno one is lying" this a quote referring to ( ).A:PerspectiveB:Characterization答案:Perspective2.Herman Wouk was described as "the reclusive dean of American historicalnovelists". ( )A:对 B:错答案:对3.Referring to primary documents and developing criteria of evaluation arehelpful to recognize the difference between historical fiction and history ( )A:对 B:错答案:对4.The omniscient viewpoint means a god-like being is writing the narrative. ( )A:错 B:对答案:错5.Which of the following is considered as the three greatest US presidents byscholars? ( )A:Abraham LincolnB:RooseveltC:Barack Hussein ObamaD:Franklin E:George Washington答案:Abraham Lincoln;Franklin;George Washington第五章测试1."Ethics and the knowledge of an author will be a way for readers to judgewhether to believe in the author or not." Which of the following persuasion mode does this sentence correspond to? ( )A:PathosB:LogosC:Ethos答案:Ethosing statistics in an article is more persuasive. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对3.In The Earth in the Balance, Gore agrees with the view of global warmingadaptation. ( )A:错 B:对答案:错4.The Great Lakes have been a major source for transportation, migration,trade and fishing. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对5. A simile is a literary device that makes comparison between two things usingthe words "like" or "as". ( )A:对 B:错答案:对第六章测试1.One of Momaday’s contributions is that he helped to initiate a writingrenaissance for Native American Literature. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对2.Momaday’s book The Way to Rainy Mountain (1969) is a compilation of myth,history and memoir. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对3.Momaday is ashamed of his Kiowa heritage because his tribe has nothing topride themselves in the white Anglo world. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错4.Momaday’s The Way to Rainy Mountain tells the story of a long journey ofthe Kiowas over a span of three hundred years and a distance of thousand miles from the headwaters of the Yellowstone in western Montana to theSouthern Plains around Rainy Mountain, Oklahoma. （）A:对 B:错答案:对5.The U.S. government has remained supportive of preserving Native Americancultures. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错6.The Kiowa Sun Dance could do without the buffalo or the Tai-me. ( )A:对 B:错答案:错7.Momaday’s grandmother Aho recentl y passed away, which triggered hiscuriosity about his Kiowa roots and put him on a pilgrimage to RainyMountain. ( )A:错 B:对答案:对8.The Kiowas’ place of origin is Yellowstone whose stunning natural beautyand shadowed wilderness has a liberating effect on them. ( )A:错 B:对答案:错9.The excerpt has painted several animal images which serve as symbols. Forexample, the scissortail soaring over the land can be understood as a symbol of life and the spirit of both his grandmother and the Kiowa culture. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对10.The Kiowa used to record their stories through the oral traditions. ( )A:对 B:错答案:对。

The General Prologue 翻译版

The General PrologueWHEN APRIL with his showers sweet with fruit四月瓜果伴雨香，The drought of March has pierced unto the root三月干渴已至根。

And bathed each vein with liquor that has power 初得甘霖润根络，To generate therein and sire the flower;浸润根络绽芳华。

When Zephyr also has, with his sweet breath,(5)西风流香今又疾，Quickened again, in every holt and heath,苍莽何处不惊奇！The tender shoots and buds, and the young sun嫩蕾翠枝伴初阳，Into the Ram one half his course has run,金乌刚过白羊半。

And many little birds make melody鸣禽欢喜争做歌，That sleep through all the night with open eye(10)夜半不用瞑目眠。

(So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)—春息挑逗难沉寂，Then do folk long to go on pilgrimage,信徒踏上朝圣路。

And palmers to go seeking out strange strands,行者前行觅异路。

To distant shrines well known in sundry lands.异域闻名之圣坛，And specially from every shire’s end(15)偏远直到五湖边。

Of England they to Canterbury wend,所去者坎特圣地，The holy blessed martyr there to seek昔日圣徒殉教在此地，Who helped them when they lay so ill and weak.困疠不堪何人助？Befell that, in that season, on a day当此时，在此季，In Southwark, at the Tabard, as I lay(20)索斯沃克吾安歇，Ready to start upon my pilgrimage启程即将去圣地。

大学英语第一学期 Excerpts from Book 1

5 Excerpts from Book 11.(Unit 2 P17 Para. 7-9)Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea. It looked as gloomy as I felt. There was no hope left, the only feeling was hunger, and the only emotion was the fear of lost innocence as I realized there could be no escape from my first oyster.“Could I have some fish and chips?” I asked hopefully, suddenly feeling homesick for my favourite dish.“Certainly not! They don't serve fish and chips here, only the very best seafood in the whole region. You won't taste finer anywhere for miles around,”he replied, pouring himself another glass of wine. “Now, stop complaining, try one oyster for me, then you can have something nice and easy to eat, maybe some prawns with bread and butter,” he suggested, striking a note of compromise for the first time during the whole meal.2.(Unit 3 P31 Para. 19-20)I was too scared around that teacher for the rest of my young life to think very well in her presence. But I took the message with me and gradually examined and valued it. I don't recommend humiliating people into thinking for themselves as she had. She certainly did not create a Thinking Environment for us. Had she affirmed our intelligence first and spoken about the joy of thinking for ourselves, had she not fanned our fear of her, we would all have learned even more powerfully what it meant to do our own thinking. And we might have been able to think well around her too.But at least she introduced the concept into my academic life.3.(Unit 3 P35 Para. 13-15)Essays need careful planning and structuring. Before starting to write, you should have a plan. You should know what the main thrust of your argument is going to be; and you should have ideas for a beginning, a development, and a conclusion for your work.When you have written the first draft, read it and make any changes, especially changes which will make it easier for the reader to understand the points you are trying to make.But your first task is to work out the exact meaning of the title. If you get this wrong, the essay could be a complete disaster.4.(Unit 4 P44 Para. 2)Mobile phones have been the biggest factor of change in everyday behaviour in Britain over the past 15 years. Today it is thought that there are more than 55 million mobile phone subscribers, a rise from less than 10 million in 1997. The smaller the handset gets, the more calls we make, and the more quickly we take decisions that make an impact on our lifestyles. At thesame time, the world has got smaller too, and whereas in the past, people took photos of each other at famous tourist sights, nowadays few people can resist making calls to loved ones back home instead. Now it has been announced that the signal range throughout London will be extended, nowhere in London will be beyond the reach of a mobile phone, not even the Underground.5.(Unit 7 P87 Para. 1, 5)As far back as I can remember, the large pickle jar sat on the floor beside the dresser in my parents’ bedroom. When he got ready for bed, Dad would empty his pockets and toss his coins into the jar. As a small boy I was always fascinated at the sounds the coins made as they were dropped into the jar. They landed with a merry jingle when the jar was almost empty. Then the tones gradually muted to a dull thud as the jar was filled. I used to squat on the floor in front of the jar and admire the copper and silver circles that glinted like a pirate’s treasure when the sun poured through the bedroom window.The years passed, and I finished college and took a job in another town. Once, while visiting my parents, I used the phone in their bedroom, and noticed that the pickle jar was gone. It had served its purpose and had been removed. A lump rose in my throat as I stared at the spot beside the dresser where the jar had always stood. My dad was a man of few words, and never lectured me on the values of determination, perseverance, and faith. The pickle jar had taught me all these virtues far more eloquently than the most flowery of words could have done.。

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When the sweet showers of April fall and shoot Down through the drought of March to pierce the root,
Bathing every vien in liquid power
From which there springs the engendering of the flower,
When also Zephyrus with his sweet breath Exhales an air in every grove and heath
Upon the tender shoots, and the young sun
His half-course in the sign of the Ram has run, And the small fowls are making melody
That sleep away the night with open eye
(So nature pricks them and their heart engages) Then people long to go on pilgrimages
And palmers long to seek the stranger strands Of far-off saints, hallowed in sundry lands,
And specially, from every shire’s end
In England,down to Canterbury they wend
To seek the holy blissful martyr, quick
In giving help to them when they were sick.
It happened in that season that one day
In Southwark, at The Tabard, as I lay
Ready to go on pilgrimage and start
For Canterbury, most devout at heart,
At night there came into that hostelry
Some nine and twenty in a company
Of sundry folk happening then to fall
In fellowship, and they were pilgrims all
That towards Canterbury meant to ride.
The rooms and stables of the inn were wide, They made us easy, all was of the best.
And shortly, when the sun had gone to rest,
By speaking to them all upon the trip
I was admitted to their fellowship
And promised to rise early and take the way
To Canterbury, as you heard me say. 当四月的甘霖渗透了三月枯竭的根须，
沐濯了丝丝茎络，
触动了生机，使枝头涌现出花蕾；
当东风吹香，
使得山林莽原遍吐着嫩条新芽，青春的太阳已转过半边白羊宫座，
小鸟唱起曲调，
通宵睁开睡眼，
是自然拨弄着它们的心弦：
这时，人们渴望着朝拜四方名壇，游僧们也立愿跋涉异乡。

尤其在英格兰地方，他们从每一州的角落，向着坎特伯雷出发，
去朝谢他们的救病恩主、福泽无边的殉难圣徒。

在这时节，有一天，我正停憩在伦敦南岸萨得克的泰巴客店，虔心诚意，
准备去坎特伯雷朝圣，
到了晚上，客店中来了二十九位形形色色的朝客，
凑巧结成了旅伴，
他们都不约而同，
要赴坎特伯雷的盛会；
当时客店的屋舍马厩却很宽敞，我们舒舒服服地安顿下来。

简单说来，到了夕阳西沉的时分，我已同每人相识交谈，
约定了一齐早起出发。