汽车专业英语与卡特福德翻译转换理论
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Category Shifts（范畴转换）
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
1. Level Shifts
Level
Grammar （语法） Grammar （语法） Vocabulary （词汇）
Vocabulary
（词汇） Voice (语音) Form (词形)
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
According to the characteristic of automobile special English, we know that content is more important than form. Catford’ s translation
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
Eg: High pressure common rail fuel system is a mechanical, electric, hydraulic
pressure system, which directly effect the performance of diesel engine and automobile. 高压共轨系统是一个机、电、液相结合的系统，直接影响柴油机和车辆的性能。
Since the reform and opening up to the present, the automobile industry has become an indispensable pillar industry in China. In order to keep the communication and synchronization with the
“housing”--“外壳”
“rest”--“支架”
THANKS
翻译转换理论视角下汽车专业语 翻译策略研究
On Applications of Translation Shifts in Translation of Special
English for Automobile
Abstract
This thesis attempts to make a comparative study of automobile terms in English and Chinese in order to translate them more accurately. When proceeding with the study, some new translation theory, such
advanced technology in the world, the English translation of the
automobile specialty plays an important role as a bridge.
Characteristic of Automobile Special English
clause（定语从句）-----sentence
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
2.4 Intra-system Shifts（内部系统转化）
When the source sentence and targret sentence have a corresponding structure,
1.Lexical Characteristics
(1). Some assemblies are translated by two or more professional vocabularies, for example transmission and gearbox. (2). Written Word “机壳” “转变” “housing” “box” “change” “transform”
2.Category Shifts
Structural Shifts（结构转换）
Category Shifts
Class Shifts（类别转换）
（范畴转化）
Unit Shifts（单位转换）
Intra-system Shifts（内部系统转化）
the process of translation without formal correspondence
verb----noun
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
2.3 Unit Shifts（单位转换）
It also called rank shift.
sentence（句子）
clause（子句） phase/word group（短语）
word（Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu汇）
morpheme（词素）
Voice
(语音) Form (词形)
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
Eg: More recently, higher fuel injection pressure have led man to an increasing
use of unit injections and common rail fuel injection systems.
主 状 谓
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
2.2 Class Shifts（类别转换）
Class equals to the part of speech, including noun, adjective, verb and so on.
Eg: It is streamlined to lessen wind resistance and to keep the car from swaying at the driving speed. 流线型设计不仅减小了迎风阻力，同时还让车辆在向始终保持稳定。
最近，较高燃油喷射压力已经让人们越来越多的使用单喷射器和高压共轨系统。
“Have led” shows a grammar called present perfect tense. It can translate by a Chinese word “已经”.
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
(2) Postpositive Attributive (后置定语)
simple structure and easy to know eg: This atom, with 92 electrons spinning about the closely packed and complex nucleus, is the element uranium, which seems to be the most complicated of the natural atoms.
shift theory is a translation theory that translates one sentence between
two different languages without formal correspondence.
Level Shifts（层次转换）
translation shift
1
Significance of Writing This Thesis
C
ONTENTS
2
Characteristic of Automobile special English
目 录
3
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
Significance of Writing This Thesis
intra-system shifts is to select a non-corresponding word in the system.
Eg: The motor housing encloses the armature and pole pieces, holds the bearings that support the armature shaft, and provides the terminals for connecting the motor to the rest of the starting system. 起动机外壳内装入电枢与磁极，外壳两端的轴承支撑电枢转轴，并将起动与启动系统支架相连。
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
2.1 Structural Shifts（结构转换）
Structural Shifts is the most common one, mainly shifts of grammatical structure.
主 谓 状
Eg: This car is made in China. 这辆车 是 由中国 制造。
as Catford’ s translation theory, are firstly defined.
In the middle part of this thesis, the characteristic of automobile special English are analysed, then two basic ways of translation (level shifts and category shifts) are put forward. In the later part, we explain them with examples.
Characteristic of Automobile Special English
2.Syntactic Features
(1) Passive Sentence (被动句) increase scientificity and reliability eg: The fuel is mixed with air to form a combustible mixture in the manifold or the cylinders themselves.
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
1. Level Shifts
Level
Grammar （语法） Grammar （语法） Vocabulary （词汇）
Vocabulary
（词汇） Voice (语音) Form (词形)
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
According to the characteristic of automobile special English, we know that content is more important than form. Catford’ s translation
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
Eg: High pressure common rail fuel system is a mechanical, electric, hydraulic
pressure system, which directly effect the performance of diesel engine and automobile. 高压共轨系统是一个机、电、液相结合的系统，直接影响柴油机和车辆的性能。
Since the reform and opening up to the present, the automobile industry has become an indispensable pillar industry in China. In order to keep the communication and synchronization with the
“housing”--“外壳”
“rest”--“支架”
THANKS
翻译转换理论视角下汽车专业语 翻译策略研究
On Applications of Translation Shifts in Translation of Special
English for Automobile
Abstract
This thesis attempts to make a comparative study of automobile terms in English and Chinese in order to translate them more accurately. When proceeding with the study, some new translation theory, such
advanced technology in the world, the English translation of the
automobile specialty plays an important role as a bridge.
Characteristic of Automobile Special English
clause（定语从句）-----sentence
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
2.4 Intra-system Shifts（内部系统转化）
When the source sentence and targret sentence have a corresponding structure,
1.Lexical Characteristics
(1). Some assemblies are translated by two or more professional vocabularies, for example transmission and gearbox. (2). Written Word “机壳” “转变” “housing” “box” “change” “transform”
2.Category Shifts
Structural Shifts（结构转换）
Category Shifts
Class Shifts（类别转换）
（范畴转化）
Unit Shifts（单位转换）
Intra-system Shifts（内部系统转化）
the process of translation without formal correspondence
verb----noun
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
2.3 Unit Shifts（单位转换）
It also called rank shift.
sentence（句子）
clause（子句） phase/word group（短语）
word（Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu汇）
morpheme（词素）
Voice
(语音) Form (词形)
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
Eg: More recently, higher fuel injection pressure have led man to an increasing
use of unit injections and common rail fuel injection systems.
主 状 谓
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
2.2 Class Shifts（类别转换）
Class equals to the part of speech, including noun, adjective, verb and so on.
Eg: It is streamlined to lessen wind resistance and to keep the car from swaying at the driving speed. 流线型设计不仅减小了迎风阻力，同时还让车辆在向始终保持稳定。
最近，较高燃油喷射压力已经让人们越来越多的使用单喷射器和高压共轨系统。
“Have led” shows a grammar called present perfect tense. It can translate by a Chinese word “已经”.
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
(2) Postpositive Attributive (后置定语)
simple structure and easy to know eg: This atom, with 92 electrons spinning about the closely packed and complex nucleus, is the element uranium, which seems to be the most complicated of the natural atoms.
shift theory is a translation theory that translates one sentence between
two different languages without formal correspondence.
Level Shifts（层次转换）
translation shift
1
Significance of Writing This Thesis
C
ONTENTS
2
Characteristic of Automobile special English
目 录
3
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
Significance of Writing This Thesis
intra-system shifts is to select a non-corresponding word in the system.
Eg: The motor housing encloses the armature and pole pieces, holds the bearings that support the armature shaft, and provides the terminals for connecting the motor to the rest of the starting system. 起动机外壳内装入电枢与磁极，外壳两端的轴承支撑电枢转轴，并将起动与启动系统支架相连。
Catford’ s Translation Shift Theory
2.1 Structural Shifts（结构转换）
Structural Shifts is the most common one, mainly shifts of grammatical structure.
主 谓 状
Eg: This car is made in China. 这辆车 是 由中国 制造。
as Catford’ s translation theory, are firstly defined.
In the middle part of this thesis, the characteristic of automobile special English are analysed, then two basic ways of translation (level shifts and category shifts) are put forward. In the later part, we explain them with examples.
Characteristic of Automobile Special English
2.Syntactic Features
(1) Passive Sentence (被动句) increase scientificity and reliability eg: The fuel is mixed with air to form a combustible mixture in the manifold or the cylinders themselves.